INDEX

Aberdeen Breviary ref1

Abernethy ref1, ref2

Adomnán ref1, ref2,

Áedán mac Gabráin ref1

Aethelflaed, ruler of Mercia ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n, ref5n

Aethelfrith ref1

Aethelred the Unready, English king ref1, ref2, ref3

Aethelred, ruler of Mercia ref1, ref2

Aethelweard, English chronicler ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n, ref5n

Alba, origins of ref1, ref2

Alexander I, king of Alba ref1

Alfred, Northumbrian layman ref1, ref2

Alfred the Great ref1, ref2

Allerdale ref1, ref2

Alt Clut ref1, ref2; see also Dumbarton

Amounderness ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6n

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

manuscripts ref1

references to Strathclyde/Cumbria ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

Anglesey ref1, ref2

Anglo-Saxons, origins of ref1, ref2

Anlaf ‘Conung’ ref1

Anlaf Guthfrithsson ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6,

Anlaf Sihtricsson (‘Cuarán’) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Annales Cambriae; see annals, Welsh

annals

Irish ref1, ref2

Welsh ref1, ref2

Annals of Clonmacnoise ref1, ref2, ref3

Annals of the Four Masters ref1, ref2

Annals of Inisfallen ref1

Annals of Tigernach ref1, ref2

Annals of Ulster ref1, ref2

Antonine Wall ref1, ref2

Argyll; see Scots

Armes Prydein Vawr (Welsh poem) ref1, ref2

Artgal, king of Alt Clut ref1, ref2, ref3

Athelstan ref1, ref2, ref3

Ayrshire ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

Bakewell ref1

Bamburgh ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10n

Bede ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7n

Berchan’s Prophecy; see Prophecy of Berchan

Bernicia ref1, ref2; see also Bamburgh

Brian Bóruma ref1

Brindle ref1

Brinsworth ref1, ref2

Britons (North) ref1, ref2, ref3; see also Strathclyde and other named kingdoms

Bromborough ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n

Brougham ref1

Brun (river) ref1, ref2

Bruna Hill ref1, ref2

Brunanburh, battle of ref1, ref2

Brut y Tywysogion ref1, ref2, ref3

Burnswark ref1, ref2n

Bute, Isle of ref1

Caddonlee ref1

Cadwallon ref1

Caithness ref1, ref2

Carham-on-Tweed, battle of ref1, ref2

Carl, Northumbrian nobleman ref1, ref2

Carlisle ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n

Carman Hill ref1

Cathroe (saint) ref1, ref2

Cenél nGabráin ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

charters ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Chester ref1, ref2

Chester-le-Street ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Chronicle of the Kings of Alba ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

Cináed mac Ailpín ref1, ref2

Cináed mac Duib, king of Alba ref1, ref2

Cináed mac Maíl Coluim, king of Alba ref1

Clyde (river) ref1, ref2

Cnut ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Columba (saint) ref1, ref2,

comets ref1

Constantin mac Áeda ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

Constantin mac Cináeda ref1

Corbridge ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n

Cowal ref1, ref2

Cuilén, king of Alba ref1

Cumberland (English county) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Cumbraes (islands) ref1, ref2

Cumbria (medieval term) ref1, ref2, ref3

Cumbric language ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

Cumwhitton ref1

Cuthbert (saint) ref1, ref2

Cutheard (bishop) ref1, ref2

Cynesige, archbishop of York ref1

Dacre ref1, ref2n

Dál Riata ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; see also Scots

Damnonii ref1, ref2

Danes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; see also Vikings

David I, king of Scotland ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

De Obsessione Dunelmi ref1, ref2, ref3

Dee (river) ref1

Deira ref1, ref2

Dere Street ref1, ref2

Derwent (Lake District river) ref1, ref2

dinges mere ref1, ref2n

Dolfin ref1, ref2n

Domnall, son of Constantin (died 900) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim, king of Alba ref1

Doomster Hill ref1, ref2, ref3

Dublin ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Dumbarton ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; see also Alt Clut

Dumfriesshire ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Dunmail, legendary king ref1

Dunmail Raise (cairn) ref1

Durham ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Dyfnwal, king of Alt Clut (mid eighth century) ref1, ref2

Dyfnwal, king of Strathclyde (early tenth century) ref1, ref2, ref3n

Dyfnwal, king of Strathclyde (died 975) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Eadberht, king of Northumbria ref1, ref2

Eadred, English king ref1

Eadwig, English king ref1

Eadwulf ‘Evil Child’ ref1

Eadwulf Cudel ref1

Eadwulf, earl of Bamburgh (eleventh century) ref1, ref2

Ealdred, lord of Bamburgh (tenth century) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Ealdred, earl of Bamburgh (eleventh century) ref1

Eamont (river) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

East Anglia ref1, ref2

Ecgfrith ref1

Echmarcach ref1

Edgar, English king ref1

Edgar, king of Alba ref1

Edinburgh ref1, ref2

Edmund, English king ref1, ref2, ref3

Edmund Ironside ref1, ref2

Edward the Confessor ref1, ref2

Edward the Elder ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Edwin ref1, ref2

English; see Anglo-Saxons and individual kingdoms by name

English language; see under languages

Eochaid, son of Rhun ref1, ref2

Erik, king of Northumbria ref1, ref2, ref3

Erik Bloodaxe ref1, ref2

Erik Haakonsson, earl of York ref1

Fordun; see John of Fordun

Forth (river) ref1, ref2

Fortriu ref1; see also Moray

Fragmentary Annals of Ireland ref1, ref2, ref3n

Frew, Fords of ref1

Gaelic language; see under languages

Gall-Gáidhil ref1, ref2, ref3

Galloway ref1, ref2

Garstang ref1, ref2, ref3n

genealogies ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Giant’s Grave ref1

Gildas ref1

Giric ref1, ref2

Glasgow (bishops of) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6n

Gododdin (kingdom) ref1, ref2

Gosforth ref1

Gospatric, earl of Northumbria ref1, ref2

Gospatric, lord of Allerdale ref1, ref2

Gospatric’s Writ ref1, ref2, ref3

Govan ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

Gunderic ref1

Guthfrith, grandson of Ivar ref1, ref2

Gwynedd ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Hadrian’s Wall ref1, ref2

hagiography ref1

Halfdan ref1, ref2

Harald Hardrada ref1, ref2

Harold Godwinesson ref1, ref2

Harthacnut ref1

Hastings, battle of ref1, ref2

Henry I, king of England ref1

Henry of Huntingdon ref1, ref2, ref3

Hereford ref1

Heversham ref1

Heysham ref1

Hiberno-Norse; see Norsemen/Norse

Historia Brittonum ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Historia Dunelmensis ecclesiae ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Historia Regum Anglorum et Dacorum ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Historia de Sancto Cuthberto ref1, ref2, ref3

Hoddom ref1, ref2

Humber ref1, ref2, ref3

Hywel the Good (Hywel Dda) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Iceland ref1, ref2

Ida ref1, ref2

Iehmarc; see Echmarcach

Ildulb, king of Alba ref1, ref2

Ingimund ref1

Iona ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Ireland ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8n

Irish annals; see annals, Irish

Iudeu ref1

Ivar, king of Dublin (ninth century) ref1

Jarrow ref1, ref2

Jocelin of Furness ref1, ref2

John of Fordun ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

John of Worcester ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Kentigern (saint) ref1, ref2

vitae ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Kintyre ref1, ref2, ref3

Kyle ref1

Lancashire ref1, ref2, ref3

Lanchester ref1, ref2

languages

Brittonic (British) ref1; see also Cumbric language

English ref1, ref2

Gaelic ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Leeds ref1, ref2

Lennox ref1, ref2, ref3

Libellus de exordio; see Historia Dunelmensis ecclesiae

Limerick ref1, ref2

Lindisfarne ref1, ref2

Loida ref1

Lothian ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Lowther (river) ref1, ref2

Lowther Church ref1

Lune (river) ref1, ref2

Macbethad (‘Macbeth’) ref1, ref2

Maccus Haraldsson ref1

Maeatae ref1

Maelbeth; see Macbethad

Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, king of Alba ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Máel Coluim mac Domnaill, king of Alba ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Máel Coluim mac Donnchada, king of Alba ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Máel Coluim, son of Dyfnwal, king of Strathclyde ref1

Máel Coluim, ‘son of the king of the Cumbrians’ ref1

Man, Isle of ref1, ref2

Manchester ref1, ref2

Manau ref1

Mercia ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Mersey (river) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n

Metz ref1, ref2

Miathi; see Maeatae

Moin Uacoruar, battle of ref1

Moray ref1; see also Fortriu

Mugdock, battle of ref1

Mungo (saint); see Kentigern

Neithon of Alt Clut ref1

Niwanbirig ref1

Normandy ref1, ref2, ref3

Normans ref1

Norsemen/Norse, ref1, ref2, ref3; see also Vikings

Norse sagas ref1, ref2, ref3n, ref4n

North Britons; see Britons

Northumbria; see also Bernicia and Deira

origins ref1

relations with Alt Clut ref1, ref2

relations with Picts ref1, ref2

relations with Scots ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

relations with Strathclyde ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

relations with West Saxons ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

Viking raids ref1

Nottingham ref1, ref2

Óengus; see Onuist

Olaf; see Anlaf

Onuist, son of Urguist ref1, ref2, ref3

Orkney ref1, ref2

Oswald ref1

Oswine, king of Deira ref1

Oswiu ref1

Oswulf, lord of Bamburgh ref1

Owain, son of Beli ref1, ref2

Owain, king of Strathclyde (early tenth century) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

Owain, son of Dyfnwal (early eleventh century) ref1, ref2, ref3

Owain, son of Urien Rheged ref1

Owain the Bald, king of Strathclyde ref1, ref2, ref3

Partick ref1, ref2

pedigrees; see genealogies

Peebles ref1, ref2

Penda ref1, ref2

Penrith ref1, ref2

Penwortham ref1

Picts

language ref1

relations with Alt Clut ref1, ref2

relations with Northumbria ref1, ref2

relations with Scots ref1, ref2, ref3

relations with Strathclyde ref1

relations with Vikings ref1

place-names ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6n, ref7n

poetry

Welsh ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Anglo-Saxon ref1, ref2

Prophecy of Berchan ref1, ref2, ref3

Ptolemy, Greek geographer ref1, ref2

Ragnall, king of York (died 921) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Ragnall Guthfrithsson ref1, ref2

Ralph Glaber ref1, ref2

Renfrewshire ref1, ref2, ref3

Rheged ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Rhun, son of Artgal ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Rhydderch Hael ref1, ref2

Rhydderch, son of Dyfnwal ref1

Ribble (river) ref1, ref2, ref3

Roger of Wendover ref1, ref2

Romans ref1, ref2

sagas; see Norse sagas

Saxons; see Anglo-Saxons

Scots

origins ref1

relations with Alt Clut ref1, ref2

relations with Northumbria ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

relations with Picts ref1, ref2, ref3

relations with Strathclyde ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

relations with Vikings ref1, ref2

relations with West Saxons ref1, ref2, ref3

sculpture

of the Anglo-Saxons ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

of the Britons ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Sihtric, grandson of Ivar ref1, ref2

Siward ref1, ref2, ref3

Solway Firth ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

sources ref1

Stainmore ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6n

stones (carved); see sculpture

Strathcarron, battle of ref1

Strathclyde

expansion in tenth century ref1, ref2

name ref1, ref2

origins ref1

relations with Mercia ref1, ref2n

relations with Northumbria ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

relations with Picts ref1

relations with Scots ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

relations with Vikings ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

relations with West Saxons ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10

Strathearn ref1, ref2

Suibhne, king of the Gall-Gáidhil ref1

Sweyn Forkbeard ref1, ref2

Tamworth ref1, ref2

Tees (river) ref1, ref2, ref3

Teudubr ref1

Teviotdale ref1, ref2

Thorfynn mac Thore ref1

Tilred, Northumbrian abbot ref1, ref2

Tweed (river) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Tyne (English river) ref1, ref2, ref3,

Tyne (Scottish river) ref1, ref2

Tyninghame ref1

Uhtred, earl of Bamburgh ref1, ref2

Urien Rheged ref1, ref2

Vikings ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8; see also Norsemen/Norse, Danes and named individuals

Vita Kaddroe ref1

Vita Sancti Kentigerni ref1, ref2

vitae ref1, ref2

Votadini ref1, ref2; see also Gododdin (kingdom)

Wales ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

Waltheof, earl of Bamburgh ref1

Waterford ref1, ref2

Wearmouth–Jarrow; see Jarrow

Welsh annals; see annals, Welsh

West Saxons

relations with Northumbria ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

relations with Scots ref1, ref2, ref3

relations with Strathclyde ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10

Viking raids ref1

Westmorland ref1, ref2

Whithorn ref1

William the Conqueror ref1, ref2

William of Malmesbury ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

William Rufus, king of England ref1

Winchester ref1, ref2

Winwaed, battle of ref1

Wirral ref1, ref2, ref3n

Wulfstan, archbishop of York ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

York ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10