Chapter One
1. Brooke, King George III, p. 15.
2. Ibid., pp. 16, 22.
3. Ibid., pp. 80–4.
4. Burne, The Noble Duke of York, p. 17. Burne blames the confusion on Frederick’s original DNB entry, which provides the additional name.
5. Watkins, A Biographical Memoir of Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, pp. 4, 5.
6. Ibid., p. 8.
7. Brooke, p. 266.
8. Hadlow, The Strangest Family, pp. 208, 210.
9. Watkins, p. 19.
10. Hibbert, George IV, Prince of Wales, (hereafter GPW), p. 7.
11. Watkins, p. 21.
12. Burne, p. 19.
13. Fulford, Royal Dukes, p. 22.
14. Burne, pp. 18, 19.
Chapter Two
1. Smith, George IV, p. 13.
2. Fulford, p. 53.
3. Watkins, p. 25.
4. Aspinall (ed.), The Later Correspondence of George III, (hereafter LC), vol. V, pp. 682, 699.
5. Ibid., p. 676.
6. Ibid., p. 679.
7. Ibid., p. 689.
8. Burne, p. 22.
9. Aspinall, LC, vol. V, p. 704.
10. Aspinall, LC, vol. I, p. 68.
11. Ibid., pp. 69, 73.
12. Ibid., pp. 102, 103.
13. Ibid.
14. Burne, p. 23.
15. Aspinall, LC, vol. I, p. 115.
16. Ibid., pp. 128, 129.
17. Ibid., pp. 132, 133.
18. Watkins, p. 30; Fulford, p. 56.
19. Aspinall, LC, vol. I, pp. 152, 153.
20. Burne, pp. 19, 24, 25.
21. Aspinall, LC, vol. I, p. 240.
22. Fulford, p. 282.
23. Aspinall, LC, vol. I, p. 256.
24. Huish, Authentic Memoir of his late Royal Highness Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, p. 8.
25. Burne, pp. 20, 33; Watkins, p. 27.
26. Aspinall, LC, vol. I, n., p. 17.
Chapter Three
1. Fulford, p. 56.
2. Watkins, p. 37.
3. Foreman, Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, p. 79.
4. Gristwood, Perdita, Royal Mistress, Writer, Romantic, pp. 139, 140.
5. Smith, p. 21.
6. Hibbert, GPW, p. 23.
7. Smith, p. 22 and n.
8. Burne, p. 22.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid., pp. 21, 22.
11. Smith, pp. 26–30.
12. Ibid., p. 35.
13. Fulford, p. 38.
14. See www.allertoncastle.co.uk/history.
15. Fulford, p. 60.
16. Marsh, The Clubs of London, p. 87.
17. Brooke, p. 327; Watkins, p. 46.
18. Watkins, p. 54.
19. Burne, p. 31.
20. Sir Gilbert to Lady Elliott, quoted in Smith, p. 56.
21. Burne, p. 227; Watkins, p. 72.
22. Hibbert, GPW, p. 111.
23. Fulford, p. 90.
24. Burne, p. 27.
25. Smith, pp. 57, 58.
26. Ibid., p. 58.
27. For the whole story, see Ida Macalpine and Richard Hunter, George III and the Mad Business, Allen Lane, 1969.
1. Burne, pp. 28–32. Lennox succeeded his uncle as the fourth Duke of Richmond in 1806, and was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1807 to 1813. It was his wife who gave the famous ball just before the battle of Waterloo. In 1818 he became Governor General of British North America but died in Canada the following year of rabies, after being bitten by a fox. He was a keen cricketer and, with Lord Winchilsea, guaranteed any losses Thomas Lord might have made in opening his first cricket ground in 1787.
2. Watkins, p. 66.
3. Hibbert, GPW, p. 101.
4. Watkins, p. 74.
5. Aspinall, LC, vol. I, p. 417.
6. Ibid., n., p. 545.
7. Ibid., pp. 496, 497.
8. Ibid., p. 530.
9. Ibid., p. 534.
10. Ibid., pp. 545, 547.
11. Burne, p. 33.
12. Aspinall, LC, vol. I, p. xx.
13. Watkins, pp. 82, 83.
14. See Oatlands Heritage Group website, at www.oatlands-heritage.org.
15. Hibbert, GPW, p. 123.
16. Ibid., p. 125.
17. Watkins, p. 84.
18. Ibid., p. 85.
19. Ibid., pp. 86–90.
20. Hibbert, GPW, p. 129.
21. Huish, p. 2; Aspinall, LC, vol. 1, p. xx.
22. Fulford, pp. 62, 90.
23. Aspinall, LC, vol. I p. 609.
Chapter Five
1. Hague, William Pitt the Younger, p. 335.
2. Fortescue, British Campaigns in Flanders, 1690–1794, (hereafter BCF), p. 179.
3. Schama, Patriots and Liberators, p. 56.
4. Watkins, p. 100.
5. Fortescue, BCF, p. 180; Burne, pp. 35–8.
6. Fulford, p. 64.
7. Burne, p. 39.
8. Fortescue, BCF, pp. 185, 186.
9. Aspinall, LC, vol. II, p. 31.
10. Burne, p. 46.
11. Ibid., p. 49.
12. Ibid., p. 57.
13. Aspinall, LC, vol. II, n. p. 901 and following.
14. Burne, p. 64.
15. Ibid., p. 67.
16. Ibid., p. 70.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid., pp. 73–8.
19. Ibid., p. 80; Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 33, p. 384.
20. Burne, p. 94.
21. Ibid., pp. 100, 101.
22. Ibid., p. 110.
23. Ibid., p. 116.
Chapter Six
1. Hague, p. 341.
2. Ibid., p. 347.
3. Fortescue, BCF, p. 278.
4. Burne, p. 124.
5. Ibid., p. 132.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid., p. 136.
8. Glover, Peninsular Preparation, (hereafter PP), p. 3.
9. Burne, pp. 14, 15.
10. Ibid., pp. 157, 158.
11. Ibid., p. 163.
12. Ibid., p. 164.
13. Ibid., p. 165.
14. Ibid., p. 190.
15. Ibid., p. 203.
16. Watkins, p. 128.
17. Fortescue, BCF, p. 391.
18. Ibid., p. 397.
19. Glover, Britain at Bay, (hereafter BB), pp. 38, 39.
Chapter Seven
1. Aspinall, LC, vol. II, p. 298.
2. Burne, p. 228.
3. Ibid., p. 235.
4. Glover, PP, p. 121.
5. Ibid., p. 122.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid., p. 179.
8. Watkins, pp. 153, 154.
9. Ibid., pp. 155–6.
10. Fulford, p. 63.
11. Hague, pp. 400–7.
12. Watkins, p. 156.
13. Ibid., p. 158.
14. Burne, p. 239.
Chapter Eight
1. Burne, p. 259.
2. Ibid., p. 260.
3. Schama, pp. 393, 394.
4. Ibid., p. 395.
5. Burne, p. 269.
6. Burne, p. 272.
7. Ibid., pp. 271, 272.
8. Ibid., pp. 272, 273.
9. Ibid., p. 275.
10. Ibid., pp. 276, 277.
11. Ibid., pp. 280, 281.
12. Ibid., pp. 284, 285.
13. Fulford, p. 72.
14. Hague, p. 449.
15. Glover, BB, p. 39.
Chapter Nine
1. Watkins, p. 188.
2. Ibid., pp. 189, 190.
3. Brooke, p. 315.
4. Glover, PP, p. 194.
5. Ibid., pp. 198, 199.
6. Ibid., pp. 201–5.
7. Ibid., pp. 205–10.
8. For detailed information about what became of the Duke of York’s Royal Military School, see A.W. Cockerill’s extensive archive online by searching A W Cockerill Duke of York.
9. Hague, p. 493.
10. Watkins, pp. 202–8.
11. Glover, PP, p. 31.
12. Ibid., p. 57.
13. Ibid., p. 33.
14. Ibid., p. 127.
15. Ibid., p. 128.
16. Hague, p. 577.
17. Glover, BB, p. 143.
18. Longford, Wellington, The Years of the Sword, p. 38.
19. Holmes, Wellington, The Iron Duke, (hereafter WID), pp. 121, 122.
20. Ibid., pp. 93, 109.
21. Muir, Wellington, the Path to Victory, p. 171.
22. Muir, Britain and the Defeat of Napoleon, illustration on p. 45.
23. David, All the King’s Men, p. 396.
Chapter Ten
1. Fulford, p. 75.
2. Berry, By Royal Appointment, pp. 48, 49; Fulford, p. 75 and illustration between pp. 96/7.
3. Burne, pp. 289, 290.
4. Ibid., pp. 292, 293.
5. Gurwood, The Speeches of the Duke of Wellington in Parliament, vol. I, pp. 47, 49.
6. Burne, pp. 295, 296.
7. Ibid., pp. 299, 300.
8. Ibid., p. 301.
9. Berry, p. 143.
10. Ibid., p. 133.
11. Gurwood, vol. I, pp. 65, 67.
12. Longford, pp. 169, 170.
13. Burne, pp. 304, 305.
14. Ibid., p. 317.
15. Ibid., p. 319.
16. Berry, pp. 181, 182.
17. Ibid., p. 216.
18. Ibid., p. 217.
Chapter Eleven
1. Fulford, pp. 83, 84.
2. Ibid., p. 83.
3. Ibid.
4. Knight, Britain against Napoleon. The Organization of Victory, 1793–1815, p. 206.
5. Burne, pp. 322, 323.
6. Glover, PP, pp. 159, 160.
7. Fulford, p. 87.
8. Watkins, p. 231.
9. Ibid., p. 232.
10. Burne, p. 324.
11. Watkins, p. 233.
12. Hamilton-Williams, Waterloo: New Perspectives, p. 75.
13. Holmes, WID, pp. 252, 254. Statistics concerning the size and composition of the armies at Waterloo (which vary a good deal from one authority to another) are taken from Bernard Cornwell, Waterloo, pp. 34–6, 38.
14. Watkins, p. 234.
15. See A.W. Cockerill archive as in Chapter 9, note 8, under ‘Early History, 1803–1892’.
16. Watkins, p. 236.
17. Ibid., p. 235.
18. Ibid., p. 237.
19. Quoted in Burne, p. 327.
20. Reminiscences of Captain Gronow, project Gutenberg translation online, under ‘Captain Hesse, formerly of the 18th Hussars’.
21. Holme, pp. 107, 108.
22. Ibid., pp. 108, 109.
23. Ibid., p. 137.
24. Fulford, p. 254.
25. Smith, pp. 164, 165.
Chapter Twelve
1. Fulford, p. 91.
2. Brooke, p. 386.
3. Hibbert, George IV, Regent and King, (hereafter GRK), pp. 145, 146.
4. Ibid., p. 157.
5. Ibid., p. 162.
6. Smith, p. 189.
7. See Oatlands Heritage Group website (hereafter OHGW) at www.oatlands-heritage.org.
8. Foster, A Companion and Key to the History of England (OHGW).
9. The Graphic, 31.3.1883 (OHGW).
10. Monthly Magazine and British Register 1826 (hereafter MMBR), p. 102.
11. OHGW.
12. Hibbert, GPW, p. 110n.
13. Pearce, London’s Mansions, p. 197.
14. MMBR, p. 102.
15. Watkins, p. 272.
16. Ibid., p. 255.
17. Fulford, p. 95.
18. Watkins, pp. 255–8.
19. Ibid., pp. 258–65.
20. Ibid., p. 265.
21. Ibid., p. 282.
22. Huish, p. 1.
23. Watkins, pp. 287–90.
24. Hibbert, GRK, p. 283.
25. Watkins, p. 308.
26. Pearce, p. 197.
27. Watkins, pp. 308–10.
28. Ibid., p. 292.
29. Ward-Jackson, Public Sculpture of Historic Westminster, p. 386.
30. Watkins, p. 293.
31. Ward-Jackson, p. 387.
32. See Royal Collection website at www.royalcollection.org.uk.
33. Ward-Jackson, p. 388.
34. Burne, p. 333.
35. Mechanics’ Magazine, Museum, Register, Journal and Gazette, no. 574, 9 August 1834, pp. 305–11.
36. Ward-Jackson, p. 388.
37. The Saturday Magazine, 10 May 1834, p. 178.
38. Fulford, p. 100.
39. Longford, p. 346.
40. Fulford, pp. 39, 40.
41. New Cambridge Modern History, vol. IV, pp. 267, 268.
42. Opie and Opie (eds), The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes, (hereafter ODNR), pp. 206, 207. The manuscript c. 1630 is MS Sloane, 1489.
43. Halliwell, The Nursery Rhymes of England, part one, numbers VI, VIII, IX.
44. Northall, English Folk-Rhymes, pp. 98, 99.
45. Opie and Opie, ODNR, pp. 522, 523.
46. Burne, p. 14.
47. Woodbridge Conservation Area Appraisal Supplementary Planning Document, July 2011, p. 10; Louis Musgrove in the Ipswich Society Newsletter, issue 183, April 2011.
48. Newman and Pevsner, The Buildings of England, Shropshire, pp. 578, 579.
Appendix
1. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 33, pp. 365, 366.
2. Reminiscences of Captain Gronow, Project Gutenberg transcription online under ‘Captain Hesse, formerly of the 18th Hussars’.
3. Anthony Camp, Royal Mistresses and Bastards, Fact and Fiction, 1714–1936, published by the author, 2007. See summary on his website at anthonyjcamp.com.
4. Thanks to Robert Harding for showing me his copy of this caricature, apparently signed ‘I Spy I’.
5. See Allerton Castle website at www.allertoncastle.co.uk/historyhtml.
6. See Oatlands Park Hotel website at http://oatlandsparkhotel.com/hotel/history.
7. See A.W. Cockerill archive as in Chapter Nine, note 8, and Lorraine Sencile at doverhistorian.com/2014/01/13.