abortion, 84, 87, 116, 126, 138; in Ghana, 121, 122; in India, 142; in Korea, 105; in Sweden, 66, 89, 125
Addams, Jane, 5
Adiós, cigüeña, adiós (film), 87
Adolescence Education courses, 8, 122
adultery, 75, 85, 103–4, 116, 127. See also marriage
AIDS. See HIV/AIDS education
Algeria, 31
Alliance of Honour (UK), 76–77
American Federation for Sex Hygiene, 18
American Friends Service Committee (AFSC), 101
American Social Hygiene Association (ASHA), 14, 78, 101; films of, 16, 29–32; international efforts of, 49–50, 53–56, 59–62, 78; mergers of, 18; pamphlets of, 18–19, 54–55; Rockefeller Foundation support of, 19; slogan of, 59
Aquino, Benigno S., 102
Australia, 68–71, 94, 111; Muslims of, 128; White Cross League of, 37
Avery, Curtis A., 58
Baby Nursing courses, 7
Baden-Powell, Robert, 72
Bangladesh, 139
Beatles (music group), 83
Bhutto, Benazir, 116
Bibby, Cyril, 52
“Biological Education,” 14
birth control, 61, 87, 126; in Korea, 104–5; in New Zealand, 111; in Zimbabwe, 142. See also family planning
Boethius, Carl Gustaf, 67, 90, 149–50
Boy Scouts, 72
Braestrup, Agnette, 102
Brieux, Eugène, 16–17, 20, 158n6
British Social Hygiene Council (BSHC), 21, 29–30, 51
Brown, E. C., 58
Buchanan, Pat, 116
Calderone, Mary, 82–83, 99, 133
Canada, 28, 33, 45, 78; HIV/AIDS education in, 141; Muslims of, 128; school courses in, 59; during World War II, 52
Carey, Hugh, 97
Catholic Church, 15, 27–28, 35–39, 116; on family life education, 61; on HIV/AIDS education, 128–31, 133, 143; and sexual revolution, 86, 87
Century of the Child (Key), 1–5
Ceylon, 62
childhood sexuality, 23, 37–38, 98, 132, 135
children’s rights, 96–100, 132–36. See also human rights
Chile, 5, 31, 84, 101; HIV/AIDS education in, 143; population education in, 107
China, 10–11, 29, 64, 83–84, 101; family planning in, 122; HIV/AIDS education in, 122–23, 135, 138–40, 142; Internet firewall of, 123, 149
Citizens for Decent Literature, 93
Columbia University (NY), 106
contraception. See birth control
Damaged Goods (Brieux), 16–17, 20, 158n6
Denmark, 7, 75, 88, 89, 102; family planning in, 42; HIV/AIDS education and, 115, 120; parental rights in, 95, 126; Soviet view of, 64
Dewey, John, 79
Dominica, 139
Dornan, Robert, 93
Drake, Gordon, 97
Durkheim, Émile, 13
Dylan, Bob, 82
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 70
eugenics movement, 14, 33–34, 57, 106
Everything You Always Wanted to Know about Sex… (Reuben), 111
Falwell, Jerry, 94
family life education (FLE), 4, 7, 50, 59–61; and HIV/AIDS crisis, 118; and population education, 104, 108
“Family of Man,” 58–60, 63, 106
family planning, 7, 106; in China, 122; in developing nations, 103–5; versus family life education, 51; and HIV/AIDS education, 115; Planned Parenthood for, 61, 69, 83, 102, 104, 125–26; in Scandinavia, 42, 61, 65–66, 83, 126; during sexual revolution, 81–84. See also birth control
Family Voice (Mormon organization), 131
Feinstein, Dianne, 112
Fernandez, Joseph, 134
FLE. See family life education
Foerster, Friedrich, 35
Ford Foundation, 20, 101–4, 136; HIV/AIDS education of, 115, 125–26, 143; population education of, 106, 107
Foucault, Michel, 153n3
France, 5, 10, 52, 105; censorship in, 17, 110; family planning in, 61; HIV/AIDS education in, 120; religious education in, 39; secular education in, 23, 86, 127; sex education films in, 30–31; VD societies of, 17, 21–22
Frei, Eduardo, 101
Freire, Paulo, 147
Freud, Sigmund, 32–33, 47–48, 110; on childhood sexuality, 23, 37–38, 98, 132, 135; and Kinsey, 62; on knowledge about sex, 40, 46–48
Gandhi, Mohandas, 35
German Fellowship for Youth and Marriage Guidance, 57
German Society for Combating Venereal Disease, 23, 56–57
Germany, 7, 22–24, 43, 127; during Cold War, 63, 64, 78; HIV/AIDS education in, 125; Nazi, 24, 39, 56; during sexual revolution, 84–86
Ghana, 9, 77, 103–4, 111; HIV/AIDS education in, 121–22, 125, 141, 142; Internet pornography and, 132
Global Right, 117, 126–32, 148
globalization, 10, 12, 112–13, 132–36
Goldberg, Michelle, 130
Guatemala, 116
Hall, G. Stanley, 12
Hammarskjöld, Dag, 69
Harper, Robert and Frances, 60–61
Harvard University, 107
Hirschfeld, Magnus, 47
HIV/AIDS education, 4–8, 11, 114–26; children’s rights and, 132–36; conservative reactions to, 125–32; in developing nations, 115, 120–33, 137–42; teacher training and, 136–43
Hodann, Max, 47
homosexuality, 24, 87, 89, 125; in developing countries, 134–35; and HIV/AIDS education, 115, 118, 122, 135, 138; among teachers, 43, 76, 112, 134, 135, 139
Honduras, 101
Hong Kong, 4–5, 83–84, 101, 138, 139
Howard, Michael, 128
Hoyman, Howard, 83
Human Development courses, 7
human rights, 95–96, 99–100, 125, 143, 148. See also children’s rights
ICPD. See International Conference on Population and Development
Ignatieff, Michael, 148
India, 10, 11, 29, 68, 73–74; abortion in, 142; Hinduism in, 35, 100; HIV/AIDS education in, 122, 123, 132–35, 140; sexual revolution in, 83, 104, 107–9, 111
Interdepartment Social Hygiene Board (US), 20
International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), 115–17, 124, 127, 130
International Congress for Prophylaxis of Syphilis and Venereal Disease, 17
International Development Cooperation Agency (Sweden), 102, 124–25
International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF), 102, 104, 108, 125–26. See also Planned Parenthood Federation
International Union Against the Venereal Diseases (IUAVD), 49, 52, 62; and birth control information, 61; and United Nations, 54. See also venereal disease
International Year of the Child (1979), 99
Internet, 123, 149; pornography on, 122, 123, 132, 148–49
IPPF. See International Planned Parenthood Federation
Italy, 24, 84, 98; Communist Party in, 63; teen pregnancy in, 147
IUAVD. See International Union Against the Venereal Diseases
Jamaica, 74
Japan, 6, 14–15, 34–35; eugenics movement in, 57; HIV/AIDS education in, 117–18, 141; and Korea, 105; pornography in, 149; during sexual revolution, 100–102; after World World II, 57–59, 72, 73
Japanese Society against Venereal Disease, 57–58
Jean Paul II (pope), 131
Johnson, Virginia, 146
Kenya, 83, 121–24, 133–34, 139
Kirkendall, Lester, 52–53, 89, 100–101
Kjeldsen, Busk Madsen and Pedersen v. Denmark (1976), 95–96, 100, 127, 148
Klein, Herbert, 81
Knappert, Emilie, 35
Latvia, 142
League for Protection of Mothers (Germany), 23–24
Lebanon, 135
L’École des parents, 39
Lenin, Vladimir, 25
lesbianism, 43, 122. See also homosexuality
Lesotho, 138
Lewis, Fulton, 93
LIBER (National Protection against the Indoctrination of Children), 95–96
“Life Adjustment” courses, 73
Life Skills courses, 8
Lindsey, Ben, 28
Linner, Birgitta, 89
Lions Clubs, 56
Lippmann, Walter, 82
Lithuania, 124
López Trujillo, Alfonso, 131
Lorimer, Frank, 105
Luce, Henry, 70
Lycander, Gunnar, 68
Lynd, Helen, 113
Malawi, 124
Malaysia, 132
Malinowski, Bronislaw, 30
Malthus, Thomas Robert, 66
Manley, Helen, 59
marriage, 2, 73, 119; adultery and, 75, 85, 103–4, 116, 127; divorce and, 64, 87, 121; HIV/AIDS education and, 116, 121–22; Soviet views of, 24–25
masturbation, 53, 77, 87, 89; Australian view of, 71; British view of, 33; French view of, 110; German view of, 24; Ghanaian view of, 122; Japanese view of, 34–35; Soviet view of, 25–26; Swiss view of, 114; UNESCO on, 126; WHO on, 100
Mexico, 26–28, 34, 56, 151; Population Law of, 109; during sexual revolution, 101, 103
Michener, James A., 150
Michigan, University of, 107
Miller, Henry, 65
Moi, Daniel arap, 134
Moral Education courses, 7
Mormons, 131
Morrow, Prince, 17
Mothercraft courses, 7
multiculturalism, 10, 12, 112–13, 132–36; and Global Right, 117, 126–32, 148
Münsterberg, Hugo, 37
Muslims, 11–12, 100; HIV/AIDS education and, 115–16, 127–31, 135
Myrdal, Alva Reimer, 66
Namibia, 140
Nation, Carrie, 94
National Council for Combating Venereal Disease (UK), 21
National Viewers’ and Listeners’ Association (UK), 91–93
Neill, A. S., 47
Netherlands, 11, 35–36, 84, 127; family planning in, 61; HIV/AIDS education in, 120, 135, 136; Muslims of, 128, 135; and Sweden, 88–89; teen pregnancy in, 147
New Zealand, 6, 11, 37, 94, 111–13
North Carolina, University of, 20, 107
Norway, 7, 10, 70, 75; HIV/AIDS education and, 115; Muslims of, 128; after World War II, 52
Orthodox Church, 129
Osborn, Frederick, 105
Ottesen-Jensen, Elise, 44, 66, 68–70, 88, 102, 124
Out of Bounds (magazine), 47
Palme, Olaf, 124
Pan American Health Organization, 124
parental rights, 94–100, 126–27, 135, 148
Philippines, 102, 107, 109, 122
physical education (PE), 72–73
Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925), 39
Pink Floyd (music group), 92
Planned Parenthood Federation, 61, 69, 83; international efforts of, 102, 104, 108, 125–26. See also family planning
Playboy magazine, 146
Poland, 31, 64–65, 78, 113; Catholic views in, 128–29; HIV/AIDS education in, 120, 142
population education, 81, 104–9; HIV/AIDS crisis and, 118, 121, 122
pornography, 64, 69, 82, 111; on Internet, 122, 123, 132, 148–49; Nixon’s commission on, 81, 93
Portugal, 86
pregnancy. See teen pregnancy
prostitution, 14, 18–20, 34, 75; HIV/AIDS education and, 117, 122, 139
Puerto Rico, 56
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906), 33
Purity Education Committee (Japan), 57, 73, 118
race. See eugenics movement
Reagan, Ronald, 119
Reich, Wilhelm, 47
Repplier, Agnes, 7
Reuben, David, 111
Riksförbundet för Sexuell Upplysning (RFSU), 44, 66–71, 76, 88–89, 101–2, 124, 149. See also Sweden
Rockefeller, John D., Jr., 19–20, 33, 44–45
Rockefeller Foundation, 20, 83, 106
Rogers, Rex Stanton, 144–45, 147, 152
Rotary Clubs, 56
Rountree, Martha, 93
Royal, Ségolène, 120
Royal Board of Education (Sweden), 67
Royal Population Commission (Sweden), 65–66, 105
Russell, Bertrand, 47
Russia, 11, 129, 138. See also Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Sanger, Margaret, 61
Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis Society, 17, 21–22
Science of Life (film), 21
Senegal, 103 “sex hygiene,” 65–66
Sex Information and Education Council (US), 83, 101
sexual revolution, 80–91; children’s rights and, 96–100; conservative reactions to, 81, 88, 91–94, 110–12; effects of, 112–14; international views of, 81–82, 100–112; parental rights and, 94–100, 126–27, 135, 148
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). See venereal disease
Shakespeare, William, 71
Sheen, Fulton, 93
Sin, Jaime, 116
Sinclair, Upton, 158n6
Singapore, 126
Sjövall, Thorsten, 102–3, 108, 109
Somalia, 128
South Africa, 70, 84; HIV/AIDS education in, 137, 140
Spain, 87
Sri Lanka, 62
Steichen, Edward, 82
Studebaker, John W., 53
Sweden, 4, 10–11, 65–71, 149–52; during Cold War, 51; conservative reactions in, 91; family planning in, 61, 65–66, 83, 125; HIV/AIDS education and, 117, 120, 124–26, 136; during sexual revolution, 87–91, 102–3. See also Riksförbundet för Sexuell Upplysning (RFSU)
teen pregnancy, 145, 147; Swedish rates of, 90; US rates of, 136
Thailand, 6, 132; HIV/AIDS education in, 139, 140; population education in, 107
Thatcher, Margaret, 96
Thomson, Scott, 149
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 49, 50, 78
Tuller, Josephine V., 55, 56, 57, 62
Tunisia, 109
Turkey, 136
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), 24–26, 39; during Cold War, 50, 63–65. See also Russia
United Kingdom, 5, 15, 33, 111, 112; British Social Hygiene Council of, 21, 29–30, 51; eugenics movement in, 14; HIV/AIDS education in, 119–20, 134, 138–41; Muslims of, 127–28, 135; during sexual revolution, 80–81, 85, 91–97; and World War I, 21; after World War II, 71–78
United Nations, 54, 96, 103; on children’s rights, 99–100; Family Planning Association of, 106; and HIV/AIDS education, 120, 123, 130; and Ottesen-Jensen, 69
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 96, 148
US Agency for International Development (USAID), 101, 130
venereal disease (VD), 17, 21–22, 43, 90. See also International Union Against the Venereal Diseases
Venezuela, 101
Viederman, Stephen, 108
Watson, John B., 45
Wedekind, Frank, 22, 98
Weyrich, Paul, 94
White Cross League (Australia), 37
Whitehouse, Mary, 80–81, 92–93, 126
Wiseman, Frederick, 85
World Conference on Women (1995), 130, 131
World Congress of Families (WCF), 129–31
World Health Organization (WHO), 99–100, 106
World League for Sexual Reform, 47
World Muslim League, 116
Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), 29
Yugoslavia, 100
Zambia, 124
Zhou Enlai, 64