Addition à l’explication du système nouveau touchant l’union de l’âme et du corps, 113
aggregate, 75–6, 88, 99, 109–13, 119–21, 139, 146, 157–8, 160, 250
alchemy, 28–33, 39, 74, 217, 229. See also chemistry
Alexander of Tralles, 144
anatomy, 14, 18–9, 59–60, 62, 93, 98–9, 123, 161, 177, 218, 248, 259–61, 263–5, 279, 281, 308, ch. 1 passim
Andrault, Raphaële, 84
Andry de Bois–Regard, Nicolas, 147–8, 182
Animadversiones in G. E. Stahlii Theoriam medicam veram, 46–7, 54, 87–92
Animadversiones in partem generalem Principiorum Cartesianorum, 135
animal economy, 15, 17, 19, 30, 33, 36, 47, 56, 58, 98, 100–1, 120, 124, 151, 248, 253, 274, ch. 2 passim
animal experimentation, 3, 34, 36, 47–57, 89, 153–4, 215. See also Leeuwenhoek, Redi
Aquinas, Thomas, 77, 118, 198, 236
Ariew, Roger, 106
Aristotelianism (Aristotelian tradition), 10, 14, 16, 55, 65, 75, 115–8, 123, 167, 173, 197, 200, 202, 214, 217, 255. See also Aristotle
Aristotle, 7–9, 11, 13–5, 20, 61, 97, 107–8, 117, 123, 138–40, 143–5, 147, 166, 176, 202–3, 205, 211–6, 236, 244, 246, 251, 255, 261, 266, 308. See also Aristotelianism
Arnauld, Antoine, 102, 111–2, 115, 117, 145, 154–5, 159, 168n10, 182, 188, 195
Arthur, Richard, 31–2
atomism, 118, 126–7, 129, 131, 138, 152, 158; chemical vs. ancient, 32
Augustine of Hippo, 154n59, 174–6, 263
Aurora von Königsmarck, Maria (Duchess), 40
autopsy/vivisection, 2–3, 17, 34–6, 39, 44, 48–56, 124, 173–4, 279
Avicenna, 213–4
Ayers, Michael, 240
Bacon, Francis, 17, 286. See also Baconianism
Baer, A. C. Karl Ernst von, 177
Baglivi, Giorgio, 86
Bartholin, Thomas, 27, 38, 65, 281, 295n8, 298
Baumgarten, Alexander, 18
Baxter, Donald, 111
Becher, Joachim, 30n23, 71n27, 225
“Bedenken von Aufrichtung einer Akademie oder Societät,” 27–8
Bernier, François, 271–2
Bernoulli, Johann, 30n21, 42–4, 83–6, 117, 146–7
Bertram, Johann Friedrich, 18, 172–3
Blank, Andreas, 31–2
Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich, 272–3
Bock, Hieronymus, 237
Boerhaave, Herman, 45
Bonnet, Charles, 18, 148–9, 155–6
Bourguet, Louis, 40n66, 49n99, 183–4
Bouvet, Joachim, 26
Boyle, Robert, 31, 50, 55, 68–9, 85, 89, 278, 286, 292n1
Brand, Henning, 29
Brucker, Johann, 18
Bulwer, John, 260
Burnet, James (Lord Mondobo), 267
Burnet, Thomas, of Kemney, 219, 241, 256
Cambridge Platonism, 101, 127, 130–1, 211. See also Conway, Cudworth, Masham, More, Platonism
Camerarius, Rudolph Jacob, 183, 310
Canguilhem, Georges, 160, 172n19
Cesalpino, Andrea, 236
Charleton, Walter, 34, 61–2, 75–80, 149
chemistry, 1, 18, 28–33, 39, 47–8, 64–5, 80–1, 87, 92, 221, 279. See also alchemy, iatrochemistry
chiromancy, 35, 40, 201, 204, 280
Chrysippus, 89
chrysopoiesis, 30–1, 33, 40. See also alchemy
Coga, Arthur, 51
Cohen, Claudine, 222, 224, 257n53
Coimbran commentators on Aristotle, 117, 202
Collins, John, 179
composite substance, 102, 110, 112, 116, 118, 129, 139, 176. See also corporeal substance, simple substance
Considerations on vital Principles and Plastic natures, 169
Consilium aegyptiacum, 269–70, 273
Conway, Anne, 107–8, 125–6, 132, 241–2
Copernicus, Nicolaus, 35
corporeal substance, 5, 10, 20, 32, 48, 74–5, 86, 138–43, 149, 153, 156–7, 160, 168, 188, 216, 225, ch. 3 passim. See also composite substance, “corporeal substance problems,” organic body
“corporeal substance problems,” 5–8
Corpus hominis, 53, 68–74, 80–1, 85, 87–8, 92, 101, 142, 149, 248
Cudworth, Ralph, 60, 74, 127–35, 165, 168–9, 190, 207. See also Cambridge Platonism, plastic natures
Cureau de la Chambre, Marin, 259–60
Darwin, Charles, 1, 254–5. See also evolution
De conditionibus, 152
De natura mentis et corporis, 188
Denkschrift betr. die allgemeine verbesserung des Bergbaues im Harz, 220
De novo antidysenterico, 40–1
Des Bosses, Bartholomew, 103, 111, 116, 146–8
Descartes, René, 3, 7–16, 25, 35–8, 53, 60–7, 70–81, 91, 93, 98, 100, 121, 123, 131–5, 143, 147, 151, 166, 168, 171, 179, 195, 198, 203–4, 206, 209, 211, 214, 219–23, 240, 255, 261–2
De scribendis novis Medicinae elementis, 25, 40, 53, 63, 66, 70, 81–3. See Appendix 4
De Volder, Buchard, 5, 38, 104, 116, 122, 138, 146, 173
Diderot, Denis, 156–8
Directiones ad rem medicam pertinentes, 27, 33–7, 40, 47, 49, 50–2, 57, 84, 200–1, 214, 253–4
Discourse on Metaphysics, 117, 207–8, 249
Discours touchant la méthode de la certitude et l’art d’inventer, 151
Dissertatio de arte combinatorial, 150, 152, 243, 306
divine machines, 11, 14, 65, 93, 100, 136, 168, 171, 207
Dobbs, Betty Jo, 78–9
doctrine of marks and traces, 207–9
dominant monad, 7, 75, 75, 108–10, 113, 115–6, 123, 139–40, 147, 183, 241. See also entelechy, substantial form
Drebbel, Cornelis, 71
Drôle de pensée, 59–60
Duchesneau, François, 64n10, 86, 90, 98, 106n31, 128, 170, 182–3, 185
Dupre, John, 238
Dutens, Louis, 46
Eclaircissement sur les natures plastiques et les principes de vie et de mouvement, 126
Elster, Jon, 60, 220nn69–70
embryogenesis, 10, 12, 56, 166, 171, 173, 199, 227–9, 239, 240
entelechy, 7, 108–10, 117, 120, 123, 128, 131, 138–46, 173. See also dominant monad, substantial form
Entretien de Philarète et d’Ariste, 149, 184
Epicureanism, 75, 80, 238, 249. See also Epicurus
Epicurus, 80, 213. See also Epicureanism
epigenesis, 166, 170–9, 182, 185, 190–5
Erastus, Thomas, 217
ethology, 18–9, 62, 248, 251, 253
Eustacius, 116–7
evolution, 140–1, 237–8, 244, 254–8, 264. See also Darwin
Excerptum ex autographo Cartesii, 37–8
Fardella, Michelangelo, 145
Feller, Joachim Friedrich, 272
Fenves, Peter, 271–2
fermentation, 45, 67–8, 73, 75, 78–81, 83, 149, 290, 295, 301–2
Fernel, Jean, 73
Fichant, Michel, 6, 103, 114–5, 117, 122–3, 215
Ficino, Marsilio, 198–9, 214. See also Platonism
Fouke, Daniel C., 187
François de l’Hospital, Guillaume, 43
Friedrich, Johann (Duke of Brunswick–Lüneburg), 42
Gackenholtz, A. C., 178, 243, 248–9. See also Appendix 5
Galen, 14, 45–6, 52, 55, 173, 266, 277
Galison, Peter, 2
games of nature (lusus naturae), ch. 6 passim, 44–5, 256. See also Kircher
Garber, Dan, 5, 99, 104–6, 115–7
Garden, George, 173
Gassendi, Pierre, 75
Gaukroger, Stephen, 77
generation theory, 16, 20, 55, 166, 171–3, 176, 178, 194–6
George I, King of England (Elector of Hanover), 219
Gliozzi, Giuliano, 212
Glisson, Francis, 3
Goudin, Antoine, 198–9
Graaf, Regnier de, 38, 177, 180n44
Guéroult, Martial 122
Guerrini, Anita, 49
Hacking, Ian, 176
Haller, Albrecht von, 171
Hanov, Michal Krzysztof, 1
Hartsoeker, Nicolaas, 31, 56, 147–8, 180, 184
Harvey, William, 27, 34, 49, 51, 167, 173–4, 177, 179, 185
Helvétius (John Fredrick Schweitzer), 39
Helvétius, Claude Adrien, 156
Herodotus, 213
heterogenesis, 210, 212, 214–8, 230, 242. See also spontaneous generation
Highmore, Nathaniel, 215n55, 239–40
Hoffmann, Friedrich, 86, 305, 311
d’Holbach, Paul Henri, 156
Hooke, Robert, 150, 152–3, 160, 216, 244, 282, 308
Huygens, Christian, 37, 43, 54, 151, 179–80, 184
Hypothesis physica nova, 208, 221, 295n10
Iamblichus, 74
iatrochemistry, 28, 38, 43, 46, 48, 64–5, 78, 149. See also alchemy, chemistry
iatromechanism, 7, 64–5, 98–9, 123. See also mechanism
imagination theory of heredity, 35–6, 46, ch. 6 passim
“intelligent design,” 108, 224, 267. See also animal economy, evolution
ipecacuanha, see emetics
Jaquelot, Isaac, 114
Jungius, Joachim, 20, 244, 305, 308
Kant, Immanuel, 18, 48–9, 56–7, 122–3, 130n115, 155, 246
Keller, Vera, 33
Kircher, Athanasius, 69, 149–50, 152–3, 214–6, 219, 222–5, 242
Knorr von Rosenroth, Christian, 31
Krafft, Johann Daniel, 29
La Mettrie, Julien Offray de, 156
La Mothe Le Vayer, François de, 213
La Peyrère, Isaac, 273
Lavoisier, Antoine–Laurent, 1
Leeuwenhoek, Antoni van, 152, 154, 173, 176, 178–89, 192–6, 310; Leibniz’s admiration for, 17, 54, 56, 151, 172, 244, 308
Leibniz, passim; and auto–experimentation, 37; as empiricist, 17–8, 43, 54; as metaphysical idealist, 4–7, 101–5, 116–8, 122–3; as rationalist, 54, 143; reception history of, 4, 18, 172
Lennox, Jim, 9
“Le phosphore de M. Krafft ou Liqueur de terre seiche de sa composition qui jette continuellement de grands éclats de lumière,” 29
Lesser, Friedrich, 148
Locke, John, 16, 132–3, 235, 238–40, 243–4, 248–9, 255, 262–8
Lucretius, 213
Machina animalis, 65–7, 73, 82, 88, 98
machines of nature (natural machines), 14, 19, 63, 72, 87–8, 97, 100, 103–15, 119–22, 135, 139, 168, 227, 250, 307
Magnus, Albertus, 166
Malebranche, Nicolas, 91, 130, 167, 177, 179, 190–1, 194, 204–9, 226, 239
Malpighi, Marcello, 55–6, 98, 177, 186, 244, 308
Markgraf, Georg, 39
Masham, Damaris, 105, 119, 131–5, 190
Maupertuis, Pierre–Louis Moreau de, 155
Mauriceau, François, 166–7, 173
mechanism, 3, 8, 14, 16, 19, 60, 71, 89, 102, 106, 119, 131–2, 191, 214–5, 240; Cartesian, 10–3, 25, 53, 130; explanatory limits of, 65, 128–9, 131, 168–9, 203
medicine, 60, 63–4, 66, 78, 81, 84, 98, 151, 167, 274, 275, 305, 311, ch. 1 passim. See Appendix 1, 4
“Meditatio de Separatione Salis et aquae dulcis, novoque Separationum Chymicarum genere,” 30, 118n84
Meyssonnier, Lazare, 204
Michelotti, Pietro Antonio, 84
Micraelius, Johannes, 107, 132
microscopy, 3, 18, 48, 58, 97–8, 118, 124, 141–54, 159, 161, 176, 179, 180–2, 215, 277. See also Leeuwenhoek, Swammerdam
Modus instituendi novam militiam invictam qua subjugari possit orbis terrarum, facilis executio tenenti Aegyptum, vel habenti coloniam americanam, 43n82, 269–72
Molière, 21
Monadology, 4, 66, 116–7, 158, 173–4
Monconys, Balthasar de, 148, 153
More, Henry, 3, 52, 74, 125, 127, 211, 261–2.
Müller, Otto Friedrich, 18, 154n59, 155
Nadler, Steven, 113
natural kinds, 238–9, 243, 246, 271
natural theology (physicotheology), 224, 249, 259–61, 267
Naudé, Gabriel, 261
nested individuality (infinite nestedness), 17, 32, 58, 129–30, 137–42, 147, 151–3, 161, 208, 215–6, 218, 275
Newman, William R., 31–2, 118, 217
nominalism, 18, 235–6, 238–43, 247–9, 263, 268. See also Locke, species
Notationes generales, 112
Nouveaux essais sur l’entendement humain, 109, 132, 185, 200, 235, 241, 244–5, 247, 258, 263, 267–8, 273
nutrition, 34, 67, 71–8, 81–3, 88–9, 149, 248, 294, 300, 303. See also Charleton
Oldenburg, Henry, 179–80
On Primary Matter, 145
On the Animal’s Soul, 262
organic body, 5–8, 10, 14, 19, 32, 60–1, 75, 92–3, 168–9, 173, 181, 190–1, 195, 217, 223, 225, 259, chs. 3–4 passim. See also corporeal substance
organics, 19, 33, 55–6, 58, 62, 98–101, 120, 124
“organism,” 19, 90, 93, 97, 102, 105–7, 119, 121, 130, 132, 136, 139
Origen, 123–7. See also Platonism
Otium hanoveranum, 174, 244, 272–3
paleontology, 199, 218–9, 237, 255–8, 268
panorganicism, 120, 122, 124–7, 130
Paul of Taranto, 118
Paul of Tarsus, 125
Phemister, Pauline, 6
Philo of Alexandria, 129
physiognomy, 35, 201, 204n18, 208n36, 274
physiology, 2, 11, 15–6, 18–9, 151, 156–7, 248, 253, 261, 265, chs. 1–2 passim
Piso, Wilhelm, 39
plastic natures, 14–6, 123; immaterial, 74, 101, 127–31, 165, 167, 190; material, 60, 74, 76, 131–5, 169, 171, 227. See also Cambridge Platonism, Cudworth, Masham
Plato, 119n85, 129, 175, 213, 280. See also Platonism
Platonism, 123–5, 128–9, 188, 236, 241. See also Cambridge Platonism, Ficino, Origen, Plato
Pliny, 264
Plotinus, 127
Pomponazzi, Pietro, 201
Popkin, Richard, 273
Poser, Hans, 152
preestablished harmony, 26–7, 44, 46, 87, 89–92, 101, 135, 189, 190–6, 200, 209, 230, 295
preformation theory, 15, 17, 106, 130, 136, 205, 207–9, 211–2, 218, 227, 228, 241–2, 255, , ch. 5 passim
Primae veritates, 145
Principe, Lawrence, 31
Principes de la nature et de la grace, 117, 142, 183, 186
Proclus, 74
putrefaction, 76, 150, 153, 180, 212, 216
Pythagoras. See metempsychosis
Pyle, Andrew, 170, 200n6, 205–6
quasi–perpetual motion machines, 29, 55, 100, 120, 149, 246, 248–51, ch. 2 passim. See Appendix 3
Ramazzini, Bernardino (Duke of Modena), 41–2, 305, 311
Ray, John, 20, 57, 171, 235–8, 247–8, 261
Redi, Francesco, 153, 211–2 Relatio ad inclytam Societatem Leopoldinam Naturae curiosorum de novo anti–dysenterico americano magnis succsessibus comprobato, 39–42, 44, 47–8
Robinet, André, 6
Roger, Jaques, 143, 155–6, 158, 161, 170
Rorarius, 261
Ross, George MacDonald, 31, 221–2
Rutherford, Donald, 102–3, 116, 124
Scaliger, Julius Caesar, 32, 165, 212
Schelhammer, Gunther, 29n18, 39n62, 46, 73n34, 165
Schiller, Friedrich, 230–1
Schott, Kaspar, 69–70
Sennert, Daniel, 31–2, 118, 175, 208, 217
Serjeantson, Richard, 261, 265
Shapin, Steven, 1
simple substance, 5, 7, 82, 117, 121–2, 209. See also composite substance
Sleigh, Robert, 112–5, 119, 157, 160, 191n86
Sophie, Duchess of Hannover and Electress, 110, 133
Sparwenfeld, J. G., 271
species, 16, 20, 49–50, 56, 63, 68, 70, 72, 87, 100, 120, 144, 148, 155, 166–7, 180, 185, 204–6, ch. 7 passim. See also Locke, nominalism
Specimen inventorum de admirandis naturae generalis arcanis, 248, 292n1
Spinoza, 120, 128, 130, 179, 249, 260
spontaneous generation, 16, 177, 193–6, 198–9, 210–18, 230, 274. See also heterogenesis
Stahl, Georg Ernst, 37, 41, 46–8, 54, 60, 62, 64–6, 74–5, 77, 82–3, 86–92, 98, 109, 119, 125, 131, 133, 207, 209, 250. See also Animadversiones in G. E. Stahlii . . . , vitalism
Steno, Nicolas, 84–5, 219, 279, 281, 288
Suárez, Francisco, 116–7
substantial form, 32, 53, 101, 109, 112–3, 117–8, 139, 154, 157, 217, 297. See also dominant monad, entelechy
“Summarische Punctuation die medicinalische Observationes betr. so durchgehends anzustellen und beständigt fortzusetzen seyn möchten,” 42
Swammerdam, Jan, 38, 56, 151, 179, 185–9, 244, 308–09
Sylvius, Franciscus, 31, 38–9, 65, 67, 75n44, 78
Système nouveau de la nature et de la communication des substances, aussi bien que de l’union qu’il y a entre l’âme et le corps, 102, 183, 186, 193
taxonomy, 19–20, 236, 238, 244, 246, 256, 271
Theodicy, 224
Theoria motus abstracti, 13
Theoria motus concreti, 216
Thomasius, Jakob, 150, 152, 215–6
“touchant une expérience considérable d’une eau fumante”, 29
Tschirnhaus, Ehrenfried Walther von, 29, 53, 153, 294n6
Tulpius, Nicolaus, 263
Tyson, Edward, 262–9
Vallisneri, Antonio, 183–4
Van Broekhuizen, Benjamin, 61
Van Helmont, Jean–Baptiste, 74, 78–9, 165, 208n36
Van Hogelande, Cornelis, 61
Vanini, Lucilio, 212–4
“Verordnung betr. regelmäßige Beobachtungun zur Förderung des Sanitätswesens,” 42
vitalism, 3, 14, 16, 46, 60, 65, 79, 86, 125, 130–1, 133. See also Stahl
Whewell, William, 221
Wilkins, John, 270
Willis, Thomas, 45, 65, 79–81, 260
Wilson, Catherine, 6, 99, 143, 147, 149–50, 152, 158, 179, 180n41, 208–9
Wolff, Caspar Friedrich, 171
Wolff, Christian, 18
“worms,” 17, 56, 88, 97, 112, 125, 138, 144–53, 157–61, 182, 199, 210–8