Abel, Brent Maxwell, 37–38
Abnaki, 178
Adams, A. B., 39
Adams, Francis, Jr., 188
Adcock, Roy, 112
African American pilots, 167–68, 170, 271n9
African American sailors: duties and positions open to, 1, 165–66, 168, 169–70, 182; recruitment of, 1, 169; training of, 170–74, 272n18; treatment of, 182–83; warships manned by, 1, 174–77, 178, 180–83, 272n29, 273n54. See also race relations and issues
Amick, 158–59
Amsbury, 151
Anderson, Charles Alfred, 167–68
Andrews, Leonard, 220
Anuszczyk, Edmond J., 30–31
Armstrong, Daniel W., 172–73
Army, U.S.: drafted soldiers, 7–8, 255n3; internal bickering between Navy and, 51; segregation and discrimination in, 165, 167, 169, 170
Army Air Corps/Army Air Force, U.S, 1, 80, 145, 150, 167–68, 171, 211–12, 222
Atherton, 158–62
Avener, John W., 30
Axis Sally, 90, 101, 264–65n36
Baillargeon, Jarvis, 12
Barnhart, Theodore, 186–87, 188
Barth, Carl, 159–62
Battle of the Atlantic, xv, 43, 67, 68, 69–71, 81, 85, 102, 191
Bavier, Robert M., Jr., 132–33
Beaver, Ernest, 76
Benchley, Nathaniel G., 229–30, 276n18
Bender, Howard R., 34–35
Bermingham, 178
Bethune, Mary McLeod, 163–64, 271n2
Beyer, Erin, 197
Blackford, William M., 176, 181
Bland, William, 183
Blue Jay, 175
Borum, 151
Bostwick, 86
Boy, John B., 146
Bradley, Russ V., 178–80
Breeman, 86
Bright, 239–40
Brinkman, John, 121
Brodie, George W,, 42–43
Brough, 150
Browning, A. J., 121
Buckley, 36–38, 259n19, 259n22
Bulwicz, Leonard, 10
Burgun, J. Armond, 25–28
Butler. See John C. Butler
Callan, Paul L., 232
Camp, Arthur D., 54
Camp Robert Smalls, 171–74
Card, 86
Carinci, Joseph, 31
Carney, Robert B., 259n29
Carr, Henry, 201
Cayo, Howard, 202
Cecil J. Doyle, 244
Chaffee, 211–12
Chase, 177–80
Chatelain, 72, 73–74, 77–78, 79, 82, 83–84
Chickini, Alfred, 121
Churchill, Winston, xv, 46, 48, 49–50, 53, 60–61, 80, 156
Ciaccio, Thomas J., 160
Coast Guard, U.S.: boot camp, 5, 17, 25–26; DEs manned by, 17, 26, 29, 30, 32, 139, 148, 253, 258n14; landing barges, 17; picket patrol and, 55; reasons for joining, 4–5, 16, 141, 144–45; vision requirements, 16
coastal patrol ships (PC), 122. See also PC-entries
Cochrane, Edward L., 65–66, 71
Coleman, B. M., 84
collisions at sea, 37–38, 85–86, 146–49, 227–28
Combs, James A., 101
communication systems, 133, 134
Conley, Franklyn “Jeff,” 208, 209, 210
Connolly, 248
convoys: aerial attacks on, 29–30, 31, 32, 38–39; effectiveness of DEs to protect, 24, 43; effectiveness of U-boats against, xv, xvi, 43–44, 67; waters included in escort program, 17, 25, 29, 30, 34, 38, 52, 259n22. See also merchant ships
Cooney, Tom, 231
Copeland, Robert, 192, 194, 200, 201, 202, 203, 206–7
Corry, 88–89
Cosgrove, John P., 232–35
Cox, Charles R., 239–40
Cox, Daniel, 62
Cozens, Roger, 83
Craig, Cassin, 182
Crosby, James R., 111
Crow. See Howard D. Crow
Currie, Robert, 222–23
Curtis, William, 195
David, Albert L., 74–75
David W. Taylor, 222–23
Davis, Charles, 195
Davis, Henry Eugene, 216–17, 219–20
Davis, Martin, 15–17, 132, 182, 248
Davis, Preston, 159
Deal, Harold S., 6
Decker, 38–39
DeNardo, Frank P., 77–78
Denson, Howard Kenneth, 139, 141–42
Derwoyed, Donald, 197
destroyer escorts (DEs): accommodations aboard, 22, 23, 131–32; beginning of use of, xvi; characteristics and specifications of, 19, 66–67, 69, 106, 130–31; construction of, xv, xvi, 19, 65, 67–68, 131; cost of, 19, 131; delay in construction of, criticism of, 69–71; design of, xv, 64–67, 69, 130–31; effectiveness of, xv–xvi, xvi, 24, 28, 31, 43, 59–60, 71, 105; equipment aboard, xvi, 19, 124; food on, 108–9, 120, 214, 217; fueling at sea, 134–35, 136, 234; life aboard, 22–24, 106, 119–22, 123, 131–35, 246; medical care aboard, 119, 159–60, 161, 211; number built, xvi, 65, 68, 248; opposition to construction of, xvi, 44, 49, 50, 51, 68–70, 71; power plants, 19, 67, 69; scale models ships, 66–67; shipyards that built, 39, 67–68, 70–71, 95, 122, 151, 241, 245, 252; sinking of, 6, 25, 31–32, 36, 110–16, 135, 251; speed of, 20; support for construction of, xv, xvi, 43–44, 49–50, 51–53, 60–61, 68, 71, 259n29; transfer between ships, 94, 106–8; transport ship conversions, 240–43; watch keeping, 132, 133–34; weapons on, 20–22, 69, 147, 150, 196. See also sailors on destroyer escorts
Docalovich, Edward M., 238
Douglas L. Howard, 105
DuFau, Lorenzo A,, 180
DuFilho, 244
E-boats, 151
Eckholm, Greg, 121
Eddy, Tom, 151–52
Edgar G. Chase, 103–4
Eichenberger, 189
electric power supply ships, 34, 245–46, 258n16
Emery, Maynard, 195
England, 220–22, 224–25, 239, 251
Esch, Charles, 230
European theater, 109
Fairlee, William, 216
Farley, Daniel, 29–30
Farquhar, 43
Fessenden, 105
Field, Charlie K., 85–86, 87–88, 90
Flaherty, 73, 82, 83, 113–14, 117
Fleischmann, Arthur C., 132
Forester, 31
Foster, Cedric, 245–46, 277n30
Fowler, Robert Ludlow, 265n39
France, 18–19, 34, 48, 155, 252, 258n16
Frazer, Frank A., 101
Frazitta, Frank, 246
Frederick C. Davis, 6, 77, 99–102, 110–16, 118, 135, 158, 251
Fritz X (glide bomb), 97–102, 116
Frost, 10, 80, 89, 119, 121–30
Gallagher, Daniel R., 223
Gallery, Daniel V., 72–73, 74, 77, 78–79, 81–83
Gambier Bay, 195, 196, 197, 198
Gandy, 148–49
Gannon, James W., 227
Ganter, 132
Garrison, Benjamin, 170–71, 175, 181, 182
Geiermann, William, 43
Gendreau, 232–35
Genmeiner, Gerth, 126
Germany: glide bombs (Fritz X), 97–102, 116; Luftwaffe, 29–30, 31, 32, 38–39; radio broadcasts from, 81, 90, 101; submarine capture by, 263n2. See also U-boats Gibbs, William Francis, 61–67, 261n9
Gibbs and Cox, 61, 62, 63, 64–65, 67–68
Gillars, Mildred (Axis Sally), 90, 101, 264–65n36
Givens, Norm, 232
glide bombs (Fritz X), 97–102, 116
Gowers, Troy, 27
Gowling, George, 98–102
Graddy, William Bryant, 4
Graham, James, 1, 171, 172, 173–74, 175, 176–77
Graham, William, 28
Grater, George, 195
Graybeal, David M., 89–90, 131–32
Great Britain: aircraft near convoys, 34; destroyers for bases deal, 44; German attacks on, 47; hedgehogs, 20–21; Lend-Lease program, 46–49, 252; mine hazards, 155–56; need for DEs, xv, 49–50, 60–61, 71; submarine capture by, 263n2; treatment of prisoners by, 38, 125
Guadalcanal, 72, 76, 78, 81–82
Guio, Joe, 218–19
Haas, 230
Halloran, 92, 226, 239, 265n37
Halsey, William “Bull,” 197, 215–16, 220–21
hammocks, 23, 132, 134, 171–72
Hancock, Levi, 111–12
hand-to-hand combat, 36–38, 259n19
Hannan, Kenneth H., 134–35
Hardwicke, Thomas L., 103
Harney, William, 237
Harrison, Melroy, 218
Hayter, 114
hedgehogs, 20–22
Heerman, 193
Heitzel, Carl, 162
Herbert C. Jones, 100–102
high-frequency direction finder, 26, 124
Hillyer, Richard B, 214
Hinckley, R. M., Jr., 20
Hinz, Edward, 241–43
Hissem, 31
Hoenshel, Robert, 148
Holton, 145–46
Hopping, 34
Howard, 39
Howard, Thomas, 1, 174–75, 181, 183
Howard D. Crow, 139, 140, 141–42, 143–44, 253
Howard L. Gibson, 146
Hubbard, 114
Hughes, Ernest, 145–46
Hughey, Fred, 115
Hyades, 127–28
ice cream and ice cream machines, 57–59, 212, 229, 261n1
Indianapolis, 243–44
Ireland, 17, 25, 33, 34, 45, 148, 183
Iselin, Lewis, 158, 159, 160–62, 270n41
J. R. Y. Blakeley, 105
Jackson, A., Jr., 89
Jambois, Ray, 223
Japan: Japanese food and U-boat crews, 105; mine hazards, 156–57; retreat from Leyte Gulf battle, 208–9; submarines, 190–91, 219–25, 227, 228, 230, 274n11. See also kaiten (midget submarines)
Jennings, Gerald D., 247, 248–49
John C. Butler, 192, 193, 208, 209, 210, 239
Johnson, Robert L., Jr., 198–200
Johnson, Robert W., 57, 58–59, 186
Jones, William F., 212
Joseph E. Campbell, 32–33
Joseph T. Dickman, 152
Judson, Charles, 144
kaiten (midget submarines), 225–30
kamikaze attacks, 184, 185, 189, 209–10, 211, 212, 230–40
Karetka, Peter, 114–15
Kendall C. Campbell, 57–59, 186, 188
Kendig, Ellsworth, 238–39
Kephart, 94
Kerrigan. Warren J., 118–19, 121–23, 127–28
Kessinger, AG, 199
King, George, 142–43
Kinney, Sheldon, 88
Knispel, Arthur, 75
Knox, Dudley, 73
Knox, Frank, 44, 51, 70, 165–66, 168, 259n29
Koiner, 139–40, 141, 142–43, 144
Kunsak, John, Jr., 231
Kyle, Burton T., 35
LaFollette, Clarence W., 24
Lamons, 213
Lampe, John, 132
Lansdale, 32
Larner, Jim, 22–23, 191–92, 261n1
Lawrence, Donald, 154–55
Lawson, George, 185
Lend-Lease program, 18–19, 46–49, 252
Leopold, 24–28, 39, 43, 251, 253
letters to and from home, 90–93, 94, 265n37
Leyte Gulf, Battle of, 191, 192–210
liberty, 10, 22, 25, 26, 87, 233
Liddle, xviii, 4, 20, 21, 22, 24, 94, 115, 133, 134, 147, 161, 196
Lind, Alfred L., 181
Lovett, Charles, 134
Lundeberg, Philip K., 77, 111, 113, 116, 267n4
Maloy, 151
Marine Corps, U.S., 5–6, 16, 141, 222
Marix, George, 224
Marks, James, 217
Maroukis, Manuel, 10
Marshall, Sidney, 242
Mason, 1, 174–77, 178, 180–83, 273n54
Maumee, 178
McClatchie, Frank, 99, 135, 137–38
McCrane, Joseph, 218–19
McDaniel, E. F., 93–95
McDermitt, Oren, 236
McElfrish, Chief, 121
McMichael, Robert, 32
McNulty, 134
Mediterranean Sea, 29, 30, 38, 97–102, 116
Melvin H. Nawman, 217, 239, 277n26
Mender, 258n14
merchant ships: cargo losses, 43, 52, 60, 87, 102; effectiveness of U-boats against, xv, xvi, 43–44, 45, 48, 82–83, 87, 102, 158; lights from cities to target, xvi, 45, 86–87; number sunk by U-boats, xvi, 45, 48, 52, 87, 102, 103. See also convoys
Meredith, 152
Mesher, Irving, 237
mines: destroyers sunk by, 152–55; land mines, 152; limpet mines, 102; Normandy invasion mine hazard, 152–56; Pacific theater mine hazard, 156–57; U-boat mine-laying missions, 85, 86
minesweeping operations, 153, 155, 156, 174, 175
Mission Bay, 105
Mitchell, James, 156–57
Moberly, 158–59
Monarez, Carlos R., 244
Morony, John J., 103
Moscarski, Chester, 75
Mosky, Stanley, 122
musicians and musical groups, 25, 26, 121–22, 123, 166, 168, 170, 237, 267n14
Muth, Harold, 142
National Industrial Recovery Act, 44
National Youth Administration (NYA), 163–64
Navy, U.S.: boot camp, 9–10, 11–13, 34, 256n17; DEs, resistance to, xvi, 44, 49, 50, 68–70, 71; Great Lakes Naval Training Center, 3, 6, 7, 8–9, 10–11, 122, 145, 171–74, 255n3; internal bickering between Army and, 51; naval stations along coast, 50–51; reasons for joining, 1–3, 5–8, 10, 12, 114, 118–19, 122, 211–12, 222; rebuilding of, 44; recruitment standards, 2–3, 7, 145, 255n3; segregation and discrimination in, 165–66, 167, 168, 169–70; small vessel use, 50, 53–54, 55; Subchaser Training Center, 14, 35, 93–96, 114, 122, 190, 221; Tenth Fleet, 52, 105; training facilities, 3, 6, 7, 8–13, 34, 80, 145, 147, 170–74, 255n3, 272n18; V-7 program, 150; V-12 program, 7, 14, 43, 80; vision requirements, 16
Neumann, Jack, 223
Newcomb, Robert M., 228
Newfoundland, 15, 25, 39, 44, 124
Newman, Harold, 41–42
Newton, Adolph, 171–72
Nicholson, Owen, 108–9
Norfolk Navy Base, 130
Normandy invasion, 151, 152–56
Novotny, Richard, 27–28
O’Flaherty, 232
Okinawa, 92, 187, 231–32, 234–35, 239–40, 266nn18–19
Ommaney Bay, 189
O’Toole, 178
Overacker, Arthur, 79
Pacific theater, 105, 109, 156–57, 191
Paradis, Joseph A., 133
Patterson, 154
PC-597, 265n39
PC-653, 207
PC-1251, 229
PC-1264, 272n29
Pearl Harbor, xvi, 1, 4–6, 8–9, 10, 11, 16, 42, 118–19, 233–34
Peterson, Harold, 38–39
Pettit, 17, 121, 182, 248, 253
Petty, A. J., 33
Philadelphia, 97
Phillips, Kenneth, 26
Pickels, Wayne M., 72, 73–74, 75, 76–77, 78, 84–85, 263n11
picket duty, 232, 234, 235–36, 239–40
Pillsbury, 72, 73–74, 77, 78, 82, 84–85, 112
Pincus, Albert R., 211–12
ping line duty. See picket patrol
Piper, Robert D., 232
Plage, Lee, 213, 215, 216, 217–18
Poll, Milfred, 161
power supply ships, 34, 245–46, 258n16
Powers, 178
Powers, Evan, 101
prosthetic regiment, 255n3
Puffin, 175
Purvis, Louis, 218
Pyle, Ernie, 105–9, 266nn18–19
Quackenbush, William, 35
race relations and issues: in American industry, 166–67; executive order to ban discrimination, 166–67, 170; FDR and, 163–67, 168–70, 173–74, 271n9, 271n13; minorities in the armed forces, 164–68, 169–70; racial equality principle, 170. See also African American sailors
Randolph, Asa Philip, 165, 166, 167
Read, Kendall E., 261n1
Reeves, 34
Reuben James, 103, 132, 259n22
Reynolds, 105–9
Richard S. Bull, 224
Riddle, 222–23
Riemer, William, 5–6, 101, 102
Robert F. Keller, 219
Roberts. See Samuel B. Roberts
Roberts, Everett “Bob,” 200, 205, 206, 207
robot rocket bombs, 110
Rohde, Richard, 200–201, 203–4, 207
Roosevelt, Anne, 18
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 13, 18, 163, 164, 165, 167–68, 271n2
Roosevelt, Elliott, 190, 274n10
Roosevelt, Franklin D. (FDR): antisubmarine warfare, 50–51; death of, 118, 186–87; DEs transferred to France, 18–19; destroyers for bases deal, 44; driving skills of, 49; Great Lakes Naval Training Center visit, 173–74; Indianapolis use by, 243; Lend-Lease program, 19, 46–49; letter from Churchill, 46; naval stations along coast, 50–51; Pearl Harbor visit, 233–34; polio condition, 47; race relations and issues, 163–67, 168–70, 173–74, 271n9, 271n13; rebuilding of Navy, 44; Selective Training and Service Act signing, 5; ship design interest, 62; small vessels, support for, 50, 53, 55; support for DEs, xv, xvi, 43–44, 49–50, 60–61, 71; Yalta summit, 80, 128
Roosevelt, Franklin D., Jr., 13, 57–59, 95–96, 184–91, 234
Roosevelt, James “Jimmy,” 190, 274n10
Roosevelt, John, 190
Roosevelt, Sara, 48, 163, 271n2
Roosevelt, Theodore, 8, 259n29
Roper, 103
Ross, Clarence, 153–54
Rudderow, 12
sailors on destroyer escorts: age of enlistees, 2–3, 5–6, 13; death and destruction witnessed by, 118, 244; diaries kept by, 22–23, 29, 108, 109, 151, 152, 177, 215, 237; as heroes, xv, xvii–xviii; letters from and to home, 90–93, 94, 265n37; sea experience of, 3, 6, 12
Sambo, John, 195
Samuel B. Roberts, 192–94, 200–208, 251
Santee, 210–11
Sarafini, Tullio J., 203, 207–8
Savannah, 97
Saylor, Sam, 248
Schmocker, Dan, 153
Sea Otter II, 55
seasickness, 132
Sederstrom, 236
Selective Training and Service Act, 5
Sellars, Jimmie J., 36–37
Sesson, 213
Shanklin, Robert, 104
sharks, 114, 127, 128, 204–5, 210, 218, 219, 220, 221, 244
Shaw, Penny Ellis, 265n37
Shumate, William, 226
Sieviec, Theodore, 143–44
Sileo, Daniel, 33–34
Silverstein, 236–37
Skebe, Stanley G., 223
Sloat, 30
Smith, Joe, 17
Smith, Marvin, 108
Snowden, 89–90, 125, 127, 128, 131
Solar, 251
Spalding, Ralph D., 9
Spangler, 221
Sprague, Clifton “Ziggy,” 194, 200
Squires, Eugene, 24
Stanback, William C., 148–49
Stanford, Alfred, 53
Stein, Milton, 150
Stimson, Henry L., 170
Stinson, Leo F., 40
Storrick, Robert, 80–81
Suckley, Margaret “Daisy,” 18, 174
Sumpter, Frank W., 242
Surdam, Robert, 219
Sutelle, Daniel, 188–89
Suwannee, 211
Swearer, 3, 135, 213, 214–15, 219
Tabberer, 213–14, 215, 217–18, 219
Taylor, Norman, 146–48
Thomas, Robert F., 240
Timberlake, Joseph H., 228
Tobin, William, 158, 159, 160, 162
Tollaksen, Leslie B., 159
Tomich, 30
Touzell, Charles W., 196–97
Truman, Harry, 69–70, 118, 243
Trusheim, Phil, 76
Tucker, Ralph E., 216
Turner, Bob, 210
Tuskegee Institute, 167–68
U-boats: booby traps aboard, 74, 75; capture of, 72–81, 85, 263n2, 263n8, 263nn11–12, 264n17; crew on, 76, 125; effectiveness of, xv, xvi, 34, 43–44, 45, 48, 67, 82–83, 87, 102, 158; food on, 138; mine-laying mission, 85, 86; in Pacific theater, 105; periscope, 138; rebuilding force of, 104–5; resupply of, 36, 88, 123, 124, 259n19; sinking of, xviii, 28, 43, 60, 71, 81, 85, 119, 122–23; snorkels, 118, 124, 129–30; wolfpack tactics of, 52
U-boats encounters: U-26, 45; U-58, 45; U-66, 36–38, 259n19; U-85, 103; U-109, 103–4; U-154, 126–27; U-188, 36, 259n19; U-219, 105; U-233, 85–86; U-248, 114; U-255, 26–27, 28; U-371, 32–33; U-473, 33; U-488, 88, 122–23; U-490, 89–90, 124–26; U-505, 72–81, 85, 263n8, 263nn11–12, 264n17; U-515, 82–85; U-546, 110–11, 116–18, 135; U-548, 259n22; U-550, 149; U-602, 143; U-603, 88; U-709, 88; U-801, 88; U-804, 25, 40–41; U-853, 158–59; U-866, 258n14; U-869, 139–44; U-880, 129, 130; U-967, 34; U-1062, 105; U-1228, 135, 137–38; U-1235, 129–30
Ulvert M. Moore, 10, 57, 58, 59, 96, 184–86, 187, 188–91, 274n11
United States (US): friendship between France and, 19; radio broadcasts from, 81; treatment of prisoners by, 38; U-boat attacks along coast of, xvi, 32, 45, 68, 85–87, 103–4, 110, 118, 126, 128, 139–44, 158–59
Varian, 114
Villanella, Joseph, 79, 83, 84, 264n17
Virum, John A., 234
Vitsky, Maurice, 160
Warner, Richard, 57–59, 186, 188
Waterman, 213
weather conditions, 25, 26, 34, 113, 127–28, 129–30, 131–32, 148, 175, 177, 178–81, 213–19
Weber, 147–48
Weiss, William, 157
whaleboats, 13, 72, 74–75, 76, 77–78, 89, 115, 137, 140, 142, 224, 232
White, Earl Charles, Jr., 90–92, 265n37
White, Robert, 39–40
White, Walter, 164–65, 166, 167
Whitehurst, 224
Whitney, Bobby, 190
Wicks, Robert, 211
Wilcox, Robert, 28
Williamson, John A., 221–22
Wilmerding, Henry, Jr., 152, 153
Wiseman, 245–46
Woodson, 127
Worley, Percell, 195
Yarbrough, Johnny, 242
Youmans, Richard L., 101
Young, Robert D., 235–36