Contents

      List of Maps

      Preface

      Introduction: Europe in 1450

1.   Empires, 1453–1648

2.   Successions, 1649–1755

3.   Revolutions, 1756–1813

4.   Emancipations, 1814–66

5.   Unifications, 1867–1916

6.   Utopias, 1917–44

7.   Partitions, 1945–73

8.   Democracies, 1974–2011

      Conclusion

      References

      Acknowledgements

      Index