Preface
1 New Zealand Geographic Board, He Kōrero Pūrākau mō ngā Taunahanahatanga a ngā Tūpuna, pp. vi–vii.
2 T. C. Royal, ‘Te Ao Mārama: The Natural World’.
3 M. Mutu, L. Pōpata, T. Williams, A. Herbert-Graves, R. Rēnata, J. Cooze, Z. Pineaha, T. Thomas, T. Kingi-Waiaua & Te Rūnanga-ā-Iwi o Ngāti Kahu, Ngāti Kahu: Portrait of a Sovereign Nation, p. 94.
4 Ibid.
Introduction
1 M. Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero: The Sayings of Taitokerau, p. 3.
2 Ibid., p. 108.
3 James Hēnare Research Centre, ‘Te Papakupu o Te Tai Tokerau’, n.p.; Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 98.
4 S. Murray, ‘The Spirit’s Flight’; James Hēnare Research Centre, ‘Te Papakupu o Te Tai Tokerau’, n.p.
5 P. Lyndon, pers. comm. with Melinda Webber, 21 August 2020.
6 NZ Geographic Board, He Kōrero Pūrākau, p. xiii; Jenny Lee, ‘Decolonising Māori Narratives: Pūrākau as Method’, p. 100.
7 NZ Geographic Board, He Kōrero Pūrākau, p. xiii.
8 Lee, ‘Decolonising Māori Narratives: Pūrākau as Method’, p. 100.
9 M. Jackson, ‘Once Were Gardeners: Moana Jackson on the Scientific Method and the “Warrior Gene”’.
Peacemakers and Mediators
1 B. Keane, ‘Musket Wars’.
2 M. Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero: The Sayings of Taitokerau, p. 44.
3 H. M. Mead, Tikanga Māori: Living by Māori Values, pp. 167–68.
4 Ibid., p. 169.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid., pp. 170–71.
7 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 113.
8 Te Rūnanga ā Iwi o Ngāpuhi, ‘Ko Rāhiri Te Tupuna’.
9 Ibid.
10 Waitangi Tribunal, He Whakaputanga me Te Tiriti/The Declaration and the Treaty: The Report on Stage 1 of the Te Paparahi o Te Raki Inquiry, p. 29.
11 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 52.
12 Waitangi Tribunal, He Whakaputanga me Te Tiriti, p. 29.
13 H. Sadler, Ko Tautoro te Pito o Tōku Ao: A Ngāpuhi Narrative, pp. 88–89.
14 Te Rūnanga ā Iwi o Ngāpuhi, ‘Ko Rāhiri Te Tupuna’.
15 Sadler, Ko Tautoro, p. 88.
16 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 51.
17 Te Rūnanga ā Iwi o Ngāpuhi, ‘Ko Rāhiri Te Tupuna’.
18 Sadler, Ko Tautoro, p. 89.
19 Te Rūnanga ā Iwi o Ngāpuhi, ‘Ko Rāhiri Te Tupuna’.
20 Waitangi Tribunal, He Whakaputanga me Te Tiriti, p. 29.
21 M. Hēnare, A. Middleton & A. Puckey, He Rangi Mauroa Ao te Pō: Melodies Eternally New, p. 47.
22 S. Healy, I. Huygens & T. Murphy, Ngāpuhi Speaks: He Whakaputanga and Te Tiriti o Waitangi: Independent Report on Ngapuhi Nui Tonu Claim, p. 42.
23 N. Raerino, T. C. Royal, M. Orbell, M. Simpson, & Te Reo Rangatira Trust, He Waiata Onamata: Songs from the Past, p. 38.
24 K. H. T. Martin, ‘Kawiti, Te Ruki’.
25 Ibid.
26 W. B. Kawiti, Waiomio’s Limestone Caves, p. 9.
27 Ibid.; Martin, ‘Kawiti, Te Ruki’.
28 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 43.
29 Kawiti, Waiomio’s Limestone Caves, p. 11; Martin, ‘Kawiti, Te Ruki’.
30 B. Tipene-Hook, ‘Kanohi ki te Kanohi: A Journey towards Repatriation’, p. 71.
31 Martin, ‘Kawiti, Te Ruki’; V. O’Malley, He Whakaputanga: The Declaration of Independence 1835, p. 37.
32 Tipene-Hook, ‘Kanohi ki te Kanohi, p. 71; O’Malley, He Whakaputanga, p. 37.
33 T. Kawiti, ‘Heke’s War in the North’, p. 45.
34 A. Jakeman, ‘“Hei poai Pakeha koutou i muri nei. You shall be Pakeha boys”: The Impact of Te Tangi o Kawiti on Ngati Hine Resistance to the Crown in the Treaty Claims, Mandate and Settlement Processes’, p. 2.
35 Kawiti, ‘Heke’s War in the North’, p. 45.
36 Martin, ‘Kawiti, Te Ruki’.
37 M. Hēnare, ‘The Changing Images of Nineteenth Century Māori Society: From Tribes to Nation’, p. 96.
38 Martin, ‘Kawiti, Te Ruki’; Hēnare, ‘The Changing Images’, p. 96; Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 37.
39 A. Ballara, ‘Tamati Waka Nene’.
40 C. O. Davis, The Life and Times of Patuone, the Celebrated Ngapuhi Chief, p. 6.
41 T. Buick, New Zealand’s First War, pp. 271–72; Kawiti, ‘Heke’s War in the North’, p. 45.
42 Buick, New Zealand’s First War, p. 272.
43 Te Rarawa and The Crown, ‘Deed of Settlement of Historic Claims’, p. 9.
44 D. U. Cloher & M. Penfold, The Tribes of Muriwhenua: Their Origins and Stories, pp. 69–70.
45 Ibid.
46 Ibid., p. 70.
47 A. Puckey, Trading Cultures: A History of the Far North, p. 12.
48 Te Rūnanga o Te Rarawa, ‘Tāhuhu Kōrero: Te Rarawa Iwi Narrative’.
49 J. Metge, ‘Returning the Gift: Utu in Intergroup Relations’, p. 326; Crown Forestry Rental Trust, ‘Te Aupōuri Sites of Significance’, p. 14; Te Rūnanga o Te Rarawa, ‘Tāhuhu Kōrero’.
50 Metge, ‘Returning the Gift’, p. 324.
51 Ibid., pp. 325–26.
52 W. Norman, Section 5: Muriwhenua Cultural Research Segment, p. 58.
53 Metge, ‘Returning the Gift’, p. 326.
54 Crown Forestry Rental Trust, ‘Te Aupōuri’, p. 14; Te Rūnanga o Te Rarawa, ‘Tāhuhu Kōrero’; Te Rarawa and The Crown, ‘Deed of Settlement of Historic Claims’, p. 9.
55 Crown Forestry Rental Trust, ‘Te Aupōuri’, p. 14.
56 Metge, ‘Returning the Gift’, p. 326.
57 Te Rarawa and The Crown, ‘Deed of Settlement of Historic Claims’, p. 9.
58 Cloher & Penfold, The Tribes of Muriwhenua, p. 66; Metge, ‘Returning the Gift’, p. 326.
59 Metge, ‘Returning the Gift’, pp. 326–27.
60 Crown Forestry Rental Trust, ‘Te Aupōuri’, p. 14.
61 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 154.
62 Metge, ‘Returning the Gift’, p. 328.
Agriculturalists and Entrepreneurs
1 M. Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 7.
2 R. Taonui, ‘Te Haerenga Waka: Polynesian Origins, Migrations, and Navigation’, p. 336.
3 R. Walker, Ka Whawhai Tōnu Mātou, p. 28.
4 Ibid.
5 M. Hēnare, ‘The Changing Images’, p. 82.
6 L. Furey, Maori Gardening: An Archaeological Perspective, p. 18.
7 A. Puckey, Trading Cultures, p. 12.
8 Furey, Maori Gardening, p. 17.
9 Ibid., p. 56.
10 M. Wassilieff, ‘Māori Gardens’.
11 Walker, Ka Whawhai Tōnu Mātou, p. 43.
12 D. Husband, ‘Dave Veart: Unearthing Ihumātao’s Past’.
13 Furey, Maori Gardening, p. 45.
14 C. Walrond, ‘Māori Words for Soil’.
15 Husband, ‘Dave Veart’.
16 Ibid.
17 Furey, Maori Gardening, pp. 40–41; H. Busby, ‘Brief of Evidence of Hector Busby on Behalf of Te Rūnanga o Te Rarawa’, p. 6.
18 Furey, Maori Gardening, pp. 40–41.
19 H. Petrie, Chiefs of Industry: Māori Tribal Enterprise in Early Colonial New Zealand, p. 20.
20 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 103.
21 Ibid., p. 72; Te Wānanga o Aotearoa, ‘Episode 69: Iwi o te Wiki – Ngāpuhi’.
22 Petrie, Chiefs of Industry, pp. 25–26.
23 Puckey, Trading Cultures, p. 10.
24 Petrie, Chiefs of Industry, p. 25.
25 A. Jones & K. Jenkins, Tuai: A Traveller in Two Worlds, pp. 42–43.
26 Petrie, Chiefs of Industry, pp. 25–26.
27 H. M. Mead, Tikanga Māori, p. 369.
28 Petrie, Chiefs of Industry, p. 24.
29 Mead, Tikanga Māori, p. 181.
30 K. Dell, N. Staniland & A. Nicholson, ‘Economy of Mana: Where to Next?’, p. 53.
31 M. Hēnare, ‘The Changing Images’, pp. 82–83.
32 Ibid., p. 151.
33 Ibid., p. 140.
34 N. Blair, ‘Statement of evidence of Ngārimu Alan Huiroa Blair on behalf of: (a) Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei Whai Maia Ltd; (b) Supporting Mana Whenua’, p. 3; K. Kutia, He Kākano Ahau.
35 A. Thomson, The Story of New Zealand: Past and Present – Savage and Civilized, p. 324; Hēnare, ‘The Changing Images’, p. 112.
36 Waitangi Tribunal, He Whakaputanga me Te Tiriti, p. 245.
37 H. Hongi, ‘Ancient Maori History: Recollections of a Rambler’, pp. 23–24; M. Mutu et al., Ngāti Kahu: Portrait of a Sovereign Nation, p. 137.
38 W. Norman, Section 5: Muriwhenua Cultural Research Segment, p. 73.
39 T. H. Mitiria, Takitimu, p. 74.
40 Ibid., p. 73; H. Hongi, ‘Kahu-hunuhunu’, p. 5.
41 Hongi, ‘Ancient Maori History: Recollections of a Rambler’, pp. 23–24.
42 Hongi, ‘Kahu-hunuhunu’, p. 5.
43 R. Smith, P. Campbell, M. Ludden, M. Hemi, B. Waipuka-Callander & H. Manaena, First Flight: A Collection of Stories From Ngāti Kahungunu ki Wairarapa, pp. 13–14.
44 Mitiria, Takitimu, p. 76.
45 P. Te Whare Auahi, ‘Te Hekenga a Kahu-Hunu’, p. 69.
46 S. P. Smith, ‘The Migration of Kahu-Hunu’, p. 84.
47 Mitiria, Takitimu, pp. 78–79.
48 B. Kerehona, ‘Moka Te Kainga-mataa’.
49 C. Orange & O. Wilson, ‘Taiwhanga, Rawiri’; H. Petrie, Chiefs of Industry, p. 46.
50 Orange & Wilson, ‘Taiwhanga, Rawiri’.
51 Petrie, Chiefs of Industry, p. 46.
52 Hēnare, ‘The Changing Images’, p. 139.
53 Orange & Wilson, ‘Taiwhanga, Rawiri’.
54 S. Healy, I. Huygens & T. Murphy, Ngāpuhi Speaks, p. 50.
55 Petrie, Chiefs of Industry, p. 45.
56 Waitangi Tribunal, He Whakaputanga me Te Tiriti, p. 98.
57 Ibid., p. 93.
58 A. Jones & K. Jenkins, Tuai: A Traveller in Two Worlds, p. 162.
59 D. U. Cloher & M. Penfold, The Tribes of Muriwhenua, p. 15.
60 A. Middleton, Pēwhairangi: Bay of Islands Missions and Māori 1814 to 1845, p. 110.
61 D. Stafford, A Wild Wind from the North: Hongi Hika’s 1823 Invasion of Rotorua, p. 64.
62 Waitangi Tribunal, He Whakaputanga me Te Tiriti, p. 107.
63 Ibid., p. 98.
64 Ibid.
65 Ibid., p. 251.
66 Jones & Jenkins, Tuai, p. 74.
67 Waitangi Tribunal, He Whakaputanga me Te Tiriti, p. 98; Metge, ‘Returning the Gift’, pp. 327–28.
68 Cloher & Penfold, The Tribes of Muriwhenua, p. 140.
69 Healy et al., Ngāpuhi Speaks, p. 52.
70 Waitangi Tribunal, He Whakaputanga me Te Tiriti, pp. 98–99.
71 Ibid., p. 98.
72 F. Keene, Tai Tokerau, p. 67.
73 Waitangi Tribunal, He Whakaputanga me Te Tiriti, p. 101.
Pioneers and Innovators
1 M. Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 77.
2 J. Metge & S. Jones, ‘He Taonga Tuku Iho nō Ngā Tūpuna: Māori Proverbial Sayings – A Literary Treasure’, p. 6.
3 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 78.
4 NgāiTakoto and The Crown, ‘Deed of Settlement of Historic Claims’, p. 10.
5 J. McRae, He Pepeha, He Whakatauki no Taitokerau, p. 22; Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 135.
6 C. F. Maxwell, ‘The Origin of the Tribal Name: Ngati Kuri, of Whangape’, p. 184.
7 Ibid.
8 Waitangi Tribunal, Muriwhenua Fishing Report (WAI 22), p. 257.
9 D. U. Cloher & M. Penfold, The Tribes of Muriwhenua, p. 22.
10 Waitangi Tribunal, Muriwhenua Fishing, p. 257.
11 Ibid.
12 Cloher & Penfold, The Tribes of Muriwhenua, p. 22.
13 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 148.
14 Waitangi Tribunal, Muriwhenua Fishing, p. 257.
15 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 139.
16 H. Rōmana, pers. comm. with K. O’Connor, 11 March 2020; W. Norman, Muriwhenua, p. 25.
17 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 141.
18 W. Norman, Section 5: Muriwhenua Cultural Research Segment, p. 44; Rōmana, pers. comm. with K. O’Connor, 11 March 2020; Ngāti Kuri and The Crown, ‘Deed of Settlement of Historic Claims’, p. 69.
19 Rōmana, pers. comm. with K. O’Connor, 11 March 2020.
20 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 139.
21 Northland Regional Council, 2017, pp. 51–52; W. Te Paa, ‘He Korero mo te Kuaka’, p. 117.
22 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 140.
23 Rōmana, pers. comm. with K. O’Connor, 11 March 2020.
24 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 140.
25 K. H. T. Martin, ‘Kawiti, Te Ruki’.
26 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 56.
27 C. Williams, ‘Te Ruki Kawiti: Warfare Innovator’.
28 T. Kawiti, ‘Heke’s War in the North’, p. 41.
29 J. Cowan, The New Zealand Wars: A History of the Maori Campaigns and the Pioneering Period: Vol. 1 (1845–64), p. 50.
30 P. Moon, Hone Heke: Nga Puhi Warrior, p. 122.
31 Cowan, The New Zealand Wars, p. 52.
32 Kawiti, ‘Heke’s War in the North’, p. 41.
33 Cowan, The New Zealand Wars, p. 54.
34 Moon, Hone Heke, p. 121.
35 Cowan, The New Zealand Wars, p. 52.
36 Ibid.
37 Ibid., p. 57.
38 Ibid., p. 52.
39 Moon, Hone Heke, p. 122.
40 T. Shortland, Taumārere, The River of Chiefs: Taumārere, Te Awa o Ngā Rangatira, p. 4.
41 Cowan, The New Zealand Wars, p. 52.
42 Ibid., p. 58.
43 Moon, Hone Heke, p. 125.
44 Cowan, The New Zealand Wars, p. 55.
45 Kawiti, ‘Heke’s War in the North’, p. 41; F. Keene, Tai Tokerau, p. 88.
46 Kawiti, ‘Heke’s War in the North’, p. 41.
47 Keene, Tai Tokerau, p. 88; Martin, ‘Kawiti, Te Ruki’.
48 Keene, Tai Tokerau, p. 88; Moon, Hone Heke, p. 132.
49 Kawiti, ‘Heke’s War in the North’, p. 41.
50 T. Buick, New Zealand’s First War, p. 251.
51 Martin, ‘Kawiti, Te Ruki’.
52 Moon, Hone Heke, p. 151.
53 Ibid., p. 122.
54 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 113.
55 Kawiti, ‘Heke’s War in the North’, p. 41; J. Belich, Making Peoples: A History of the New Zealanders from Polynesian Settlement to the End of the Nineteenth Century, p. 207; Moon, Hone Heke, p. 157.
56 V. O’Malley, He Whakaputanga, p. 37.
57 Martin, ‘Kawiti, Te Ruki’.
58 O’Malley, He Whakaputanga, p. 37.
59 C. Williams, ‘Te Ruki Kawiti: Warfare Innovator’.
60 T. Butler, ‘Ruapekapeka Pa’.
Political Leaders and Change Makers
1 M. Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, pp. 130–32.
2 Department of Internal Affairs He Whakaputanga, The Declaration of Independence 1835, p. 38.
3 Department of Internal Affairs Te Tiriti o Waitangi, The Treaty of Waitangi 1840, p. 58; G. Chapple, C. Orange, A. Salmond & D. Scott, BWB Texts: Turning Points, p. xxxvii.
4 Waitangi Tribunal, Report of Waitangi Tribunal on Ōrākei Claim (WAI 9), p. 20.
5 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 32.
6 Ibid., p. 13.
7 Ibid., p. 25.
8 V. Smith, ‘Hei Wai! The Place of Waiata in Extrapolating Tūrangawaewae’, p. 200; Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 25.
9 Waitangi Tribunal, Report of Waitangi Tribunal on Ōrākei, p. 21.
10 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, pp. 24–25.
11 Waitangi Tribunal, Report of Waitangi Tribunal on Ōrākei, p. 23.
12 A. Pihema, R. Kerei & S. Oliver, ‘Kōrero: Te Kawau, Āpihai’.
13 R. Walker, Ka Whawhai Tōnu Mātou, p. 83.
14 Ibid.
15 Waitangi Tribunal, Report of Waitangi Tribunal on Ōrākei, p. 19.
16 P. Moon, Hone Heke, p. 94.
17 Ibid., p. 97.
18 Waitangi Tribunal, Report of Waitangi Tribunal on Ōrākei, p. 24.
19 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 11.
20 Ibid.
21 Waitangi Tribunal, Report of Waitangi Tribunal on Ōrākei, p. 25.
22 Ibid., p. 24.
23 Ibid.
24 Ibid., p. 27; D. Sinclair, ‘Māori View and European Response’, p. 68; Ngāti Whātua and The Crown, ‘Deed of Settlement of Historic Claims’, p. 11.
25 Waitangi Tribunal, Report of Waitangi Tribunal on Ōrākei, p. 27.
26 Pihema et al., ‘Kōrero: Te Kawau, Āpihai’.
27 Waitangi Tribunal, Report of Waitangi Tribunal on Ōrākei, p. 3.
28 Ibid., p. 29.
29 Pihema et al., ‘Kōrero: Te Kawau, Āpihai’.
30 Ibid.
31 H. Sadler, Ko Tautoro te Pito o Tōku Ao, pp. 140–41.
32 F. Kawharu, ‘Heke Pokai, Hone Wiremu’.
33 A. Middleton, ‘The “Illustrious” Hariata Hongi and the Authorship of Hōne Heke’s Letters’, p. 88.
34 Walker, Ka Whawhai Tōnu Mātou, p. 102.
35 T. Kawiti, ‘Heke’s War in the North’, p. 39; C. Orange, The Treaty of Waitangi, p. 47.
36 P. Moon, Hone Heke, pp. 39–40.
37 M. Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 92.
38 J. Cowan, The New Zealand Wars, p. 15.
39 M. Hēnare, A. Middleton & A. Puckey, He Rangi Mauroa, p. 247.
40 P. Moon, Hone Heke, p. 39.
41 Waitangi Tribunal, He Whakaputanga me Te Tiriti, p. 379.
42 A. Jones & K. Jenkins, Tuai, pp. 46–48.
43 F. Keene, Tai Tokerau, p. 84.
44 M. Hēnare, A. Middleton & A. Puckey, He Rangi Mauroa, p. 184.
45 P. Moon, Hone Heke, pp. 42–43.
46 J. Cowan, The New Zealand Wars, p. 14.
47 P. Moon, Hone Heke, p. 59.
48 Ibid., p. 63.
49 Ibid., p. 64.
50 Kawiti, ‘Heke’s War in the North’, p. 38.
51 Moon, Hone Heke, p. 65.
52 Kawiti, ‘Heke’s War in the North’, p. 39.
53 Ministry of Culture and Heritage, ‘The Fall of Kororāreka: 11 March 1845’.
54 Kawiti, ‘Heke’s War in the North’, p. 39.
55 Keene, Tai Tokerau, p. 84.
56 Moon, Hone Heke, p. 83.
57 Kawiti, ‘Heke’s War in the North’, p. 40.
58 Keene, Tai Tokerau, p. 84.
59 Moon, Hone Heke, pp. 86–87; Waitangi Tribunal, Report of Waitangi Tribunal on Ōrākei, p. 24.
60 Moon, Hone Heke, p. 94.
61 Kawiti, ‘Heke’s War in the North’, p. 41; Moon, Hone Heke, p. 97.
62 Kawiti, ‘Heke’s War in the North’, p. 41.
63 F. Kawharu, ‘Heke Pokai, Hone Wiremu’.
64 Ibid.
65 Middleton, ‘The “Illustrious” Hariata Hongi’, p. 101.
66 Ibid., p. 96.
67 Moon, Hone Heke, p. 146.
68 H. M. Mead, Tikanga Māori, p. 217.
69 H. Heke, cited in R. Burrows, Extracts from a Diary Kept by the Rev. R. Burrows during Heke’s War in the North, in 1845, p. 52.
70 Burrows, Extracts from a Diary, p. 52.
71 Moon, Hone Heke, p. 146.
72 Kawharu, ‘Heke Pokai, Hone Wiremu’; Moon, Hone Heke, p. 161.
73 Middleton, ‘The “Illustrious” Hariata Hongi’, p. 96.
74 H. Sadler, Ko Tautoro te Pito o Tōku Ao, pp. 102–103; W.-J. Prime, Address in Reply.
75 Department of Internal Affairs, Te Tiriti o Waitangi, The Treaty of Waitangi 1840, p. 56.
76 J. Binney, ‘Kōrero: Taonui, Āperahama’.
77 Department of Internal Affairs, Te Tiriti o Waitangi, The Treaty of Waitangi 1840, p. 56.
78 Binney, ‘Kōrero: Taonui, Āperahama’.
79 A. Taonui, ‘Speech of Aperahama Taonui’, pp. 14–15.
80 Ibid.
81 L. Kamau, ‘Mekana Tata: Magna Carta and the Political Thought of Āperahama Taonui’, p. 154.
82 Taonui, ‘Speech of Aperahama Taonui’, pp. 14–15.
83 Kamau, ‘Mekana Tata’, p. 157.
84 B. Elsmore, Mana from Heaven: A Century of Maori Prophets in New Zealand, p. 52.
85 Binney, ‘Kōrero: Taonui, Āperahama’; Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 34.
86 Binney, ‘Kōrero: Taonui, Āperahama’.
87 Kamau, ‘Mekana Tata’, p. 155.
88 Elsmore, Mana from Heaven, p. 45.
89 Kamau, ‘Mekana Tata’, p. 156.
90 A. Taonui, ‘Makoare Te Taonui’.
91 Kamau, ‘Mekana Tata’, p. 154.
92 Ibid., pp. 157–58.
1 M. Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 76.
2 P. Alsop & T. R. Kupenga, Mauri Ora: Wisdom from the Māori World, p. 50.
3 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 77.
4 M. Mutu et al., Ngāti Kahu, p. 92.
5 P. Tauhara, ‘Ngā Kereme o Tā Pereniki Tauhara’, p. 31.
6 Ibid., p. 29.
7 J. Maclean, ‘He Rāngai Maomao, He Iti Pioke: Te Mauri o Pūheke’, p. 114.
8 Tauhara, ‘Ngā Kereme o Tā Pereniki Tauhara’, p. 29; Mutu et al., Ngāti Kahu, p. 94.
9 Tauhara, ‘Ngā Kereme’, pp. 28–29.
10 F. Keene, Tai Tokerau, p. 28.
11 Tauhara, ‘Ngā Kereme’, p. 12.
12 D. U. Cloher & M. Penfold, The Tribes of Muriwhenua, p. 100.
13 Tauhara, ‘Ngā Kereme’, p. 12.
14 Ibid., p. 13.
15 W. Norman, Section 5: Muriwhenua Cultural Research Segment, p. 70.
16 Ibid.
17 Tauhara, ‘Ngā Kereme’, p. 12.
18 L. Harvey, ‘Ngāti Awa’.
19 M. Kapa, ‘The Kaitaia Drains: A Letter Written by Matiu Kapa to Te Pīpīwharauroa’, pp. 223–24.
20 H. Busby, ‘Brief of Evidence of Hector Busby on Behalf of Te Rūnanga o Te Rarawa’, p. 6.
21 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 146.
22 H. Harawira, ‘The Chief Kauri and the Naming of Kaitaia’, pp. 8–9.
23 Kapa, ‘The Kaitaia Drains’, p. 224.
24 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 145.
25 Harawira, ‘The Chief Kauri’, pp. 8–9.
26 H. M. Mead & N. Grove, Ngā Pepeha a ngā Tīpuna, p. 393.
27 Ibid.
28 Harvey, ‘Ngāti Awa’.
29 T. Sole, Ngāti Ruanui: A History, p. 73.
30 J. Metge, ‘Returning the Gift’, p. 324.
31 W. Norman, Section 5: Muriwhenua Cultural Research Segment, p. 57.
32 Cloher & Penfold, The Tribes of Muriwhenua, p. 40; M. Kereama, The Tail of the Fish: Maori Memories of the Far North, p. 9; Norman, Section 5: Muriwhenua, p. 58.
33 Kereama, The Tail of the Fish, p. 9.
34 Ibid., p. 8.
Audacious and Inventive Thinkers
1 H. M. Mead & N. Grove, Ngā Pepeha a ngā Tīpuna, p. 289.
2 T. C. Royal, ‘Whenua: How the Land Was Shaped’.
3 Te Ao Hou, ‘The Spark of Mahuika’, pp. 34–36; J. Cowan, Legends of the Maori, pp. 16–17.
4 M. Carter, M. Epiha & O. Kaipara, Te Tauwhanga a Reipae, p. 7.
5 F. Keene, Tai Tokerau, p. 35.
6 Carter et al., Te Tauwhanga a Reipae, p. 7.
7 Ibid.
8 Ibid., p. 13; F. Keene, Tai Tokerau, p. 35.
9 Carter et al., Te Tauwhanga a Reipae, pp. 17–19.
10 Ibid., p. 18.
11 P. Morore, ‘Ko te Timatanga Mai o Ngati Wai: History of Ngati Wai’, p. 20.
12 Carter et al., Te Tauwhanga a Reipae, p. 15; T. Munro, ‘He Waiata: A Song for the Sacred Mountains and Tribes of Whangārei’, p. 2.
13 M. Kapa, ‘Te Houtaewa’, p. 3; M. Kereama, The Tail of the Fish, pp. 11–14.
14 D. U. Cloher & M. Penfold, The Tribes of Muriwhenua, p. 44.
15 Northland Regional Council, Te Ture Whakamana Ngā Iwi o Tai Tokerau, p. 54.
16 Cloher & Penfold, The Tribes of Muriwhenua, pp. 45–46.
17 Te Rarawa and The Crown, ‘Deed of Settlement of Historic Claims’, p. 8.
18 J. Metge, ‘Returning the Gift’, p. 327.
19 Ibid.
20 Cloher & Penfold, The Tribes of Muriwhenua, pp. 45–46.
21 Kereama, The Tail of the Fish, p. 15.
22 Ibid.
23 Metge, ‘Returning the Gift’, p. 327.
24 Kereama, The Tail of the Fish, pp. 11–12.
25 Crown Forestry Rental Trust, ‘Te Aupōuri Sites of Significance’, p. 14.
26 Metge, ‘Returning the Gift’, p. 327.
27 W. Norman, Section 5: Muriwhenua Cultural Research Segment, p. 59; Crown Forestry Rental Trust, ‘Te Aupōuri’, p. 14.
28 Kereama, The Tail of the Fish, p. 16.
29 M. Matiu & M. Mutu, Te Whānau Moana: Ngā Kaupapa me ngā Tikanga, p. 71.
30 Kereama, The Tail of the Fish, p. 17.
31 Metge, ‘Returning the Gift’, p. 329.
32 Kereama, The Tail of the Fish, p. 17.
33 Ibid., p. 18.
34 Ibid., p. 19.
35 Matiu & Mutu, Te Whānau Moana, p. 72.
36 Kereama, The Tail of the Fish, p. 19.
37 K. Wright, ‘Waka Huia Rereata Mākiha’.
38 Te Rarawa and The Crown, ‘Deed of Settlement of Historic Claims’, p. 6.
39 J. McRae, He Pepeha, He Whakatauki no Taitokerau, pp. 21–22.
40 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 89.
41 H. Kāmira, ‘Kupe’, p. 237.
42 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 92; Metge, ‘Returning the Gift’, p. 327.
43 McRae, He Pepeha, p. 24; Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 92.
44 H. Hongi, ‘Ruatapu, Son of Uenuku’, p. 92.
45 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 92.
46 Ibid., p. 93.
47 Waitangi Tribunal, He Whakaputanga me Te Tiriti, p. 20.
Explorers and Discoverers
1 R. Taonui, ‘Ngāpuhi Mountains’.
2 NZ Geographic Board, He Kōrero Pūrākau, p. viii.
3 M. Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 98.
4 S. Rerekura, Te Whare Tapu o Ngāpuhi Nui, n.p.; Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, pp. 97–98; Taonui, ‘Ngāpuhi Mountains’.
5 R. Gregory, ‘The Hokianga Harbour’; Rerekura, Te Whare Tapu o Ngāpuhi Nui, n.p.; Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 97; Taonui, ‘Ngāpuhi Mountains’.
6 J. McRae, He Pepeha, p. 24.
7 Taonui, ‘Tapa Whenua – Naming Places’; P. Meredith, ‘Take Whenua: Māori Land Tenure’.
8 C. Barlow, Tikanga Whakaaro: Key Concepts in Māori Culture, p. 34.
9 J. Pelasio, ‘Tukaiaia: A Digital Repository for the Preservation of Ngātiwai Knowledge’, p. 31.
10 D. Sinclair, ‘Māori View and European Response’, p. 68.
11 Ibid.
12 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 98.
13 M. Kawharu, ‘Kaitiakitanga’, p. 364.
14 T. C. Royal, ‘Whenua: How the Land Was Shaped’.
15 NZ Geographic Board, He Kōrero Pūrākau, p. 8.
16 W. Norman, Section 5: Muriwhenua Cultural Research Segment, p. 32.
17 Ibid.
18 B. Keane, ‘Taniwha’.
19 Ibid.; R. Higgins & P. Meredith, ‘Te Mana o te Wāhine’; M. Orbell, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Māori Myth and Legend, p. 30.
20 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 86; J. Cowan, The Māori Yesterday and Today, p. 219.
21 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 85.
22 Orbell, The Illustrated Encyclopedia, p. 30.
23 H. Kāmira, ‘Kupe’, p. 244; Keane, ‘Taniwha’; R. Higgins & P. Meredith, ‘Te Mana o te Wāhine’.
24 G. Hooker, ‘Tōhe: He Kōrero mō Tōhe, Te Roroa’.
25 Orbell, The Illustrated Encyclopedia, p. 30.
26 J. White, Te Rou: The Maori at Home, p. 2.
27 S. Rerekura, Te Whare Tapu o Ngāpuhi Nui, n.p.
28 White, Te Rou, p. 1; Orbell, The Illustrated Encyclopedia, p. 30.
29 R. Gregory, ‘The Hokianga Harbour’, n.p.; B. Murton, ‘Embedded in Place: “Mirror Knowledge” and “Simultaneous Landscapes” among Māori’, p. 93.
30 White, Te Rou, p. 2.
31 Gregory, ‘The Hokianga Harbour’; White, Te Rou, p. 2; Orbell, The Illustrated Encyclopedia, p. 30; Keane, ‘Taniwha’.
32 Gregory, ‘The Hokianga Harbour’; Keane, ‘Taniwha’.
33 Gregory, ‘The Hokianga Harbour’; White, Te Rou, p. 2; Orbell, The Illustrated Encyclopedia, p. 30.
34 J. Lee, I Have Named It the Bay of Islands, p. 15.
35 D. U. Cloher & M. Penfold, The Tribes of Muriwhenua, p. 24.
36 Ibid.
37 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 126.
38 Ibid.
39 Hooker, ‘Tōhe’.
40 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 127; Norman, Section 5, p. 47.
41 Ngāti Kuri and The Crown, ‘Deed of Settlement of Historic Claims’, p. 74.
42 F. Keene, Tai Tokerau, p. 9.
43 H. Pōmare, Te Haere Roa a Tōhē, p. 7.
44 Ibid., p. 9.
45 Norman, Section 5, p. 50.
46 Pōmare, Te Haere Roa a Tōhē, p. 16.
47 Hooker, ‘Tōhe’.
48 Keene, Tai Tokerau, p. 23; Pōmare, Te Haere Roa a Tōhē, p. 17.
49 Hooker, ‘Tōhe’.
50 Pōmare, Te Haere Roa a Tōhē, p. 19.
51 NZ Geographic Board, He Kōrero Pūrākau, p. 22.
52 Ibid.
53 Ibid.
54 Hooker, ‘Tōhe: He Kōrero mō Tōhe, Te Roroa’; Pōmare, Te Haere Roa a Tōhē, p. 21.
55 Ibid., p. 23.
56 D. Nathan & K. H. T. Martin, ‘Waka Huia Kene Martin’; B. Tipene-Hook ‘Kanohi ki te Kanohi’, p. 12.
57 Ibid.
58 W. B. Kawiti, Waiomio’s Limestone Caves, p. 12.
59 Ibid.
60 Tipene-Hook, ‘Kanohi ki te Kanohi’, p. 12.
61 M. Hēnare, A. Middleton & A. Puckey, He Rangi Mauroa, p. 70.
62 Ibid., p. 73.
63 T. Shortland, Taumārere, p. 20.
64 Ibid.
65 Hēnare et al., He Rangi Mauroa, pp. 74–75.
66 Ibid., p. 67.
67 Ibid., p. 73.
68 S. Rerekura, Te Whare Tapu o Ngāpuhi Nui, n.p.; Hēnare et al., He Rangi Mauroa, p. 73.
69 Ibid., p. 67.
70 Tipene-Hook, ‘Kanohi ki te Kanohi’, p. 12.
71 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 61.
Navigators and Voyagers
1 Waitangi Tribunal, Report of Waitangi Tribunal on Ōrākei Claim, p. 15.
2 Ibid.; R. Taonui, ‘Te Haerenga Waka’, p. 76.
3 T. R. Hīroa, The Coming of the Maori, p. 38.
4 Taonui, ‘Te Haerenga Waka’, pp. 335–36.
5 Te Wānanga o Aotearoa, ‘Episode 112: Tikanga 101 – Hawaiki’.
6 Taonui, ‘Te Haerenga Waka’, p. 324.
7 Ibid., pp. 316–18.
8 Ibid., p. 328.
9 Ibid., p. 65.
10 Ibid., pp. 330–31.
11 Ibid., p. 169.
12 Ibid., p. 174.
13 R. Matamua, Matariki: The Star of the Year, p. 2.
14 H. Barclay-Kerr, ‘Waka – canoes – Other types of waka’.
15 Taonui, ‘Te Haerenga Waka’, p. 318.
16 M. Hēnare, A. Middleton & A. Puckey, He Rangi Mauroa, p. 85.
17 R. Walker, Ka Whawhai Tōnu Mātou, pp. 63–65.
18 H. Elder, ‘He Pūāwaitanga Harakeke, He Rito Whakakīnga Whāruarua: Gaps are Filled by the Flowering Harakeke’, p. 332.
19 H. Rōmana, pers. comm. with K. O’Connor, 11 March 2020.
20 M. Hēnare, ‘The Changing Images’, p. 135.
21 M. Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 94.
22 J. Evans, Ngā Waka o Neherā, p. 104.
23 Taonui, ‘Te Haerenga Waka’, p. 453; F. Keene, Tai Tokerau, p. 53.
24 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 94.
25 H. Kāmira, ‘Kupe’, p. 217.
26 Evans, Ngā Waka o Neherā, pp. 104–06.
27 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 73.
28 Kāmira, ‘Kupe’, p. 244.
29 Ibid., p. 227.
30 Waitangi Tribunal, He Whakaputanga me Te Tiriti, p. 27.
31 Kāmira, ‘Kupe’, pp. 229, 245.
32 H. Sadler, Ko Tautoro te Pito o Tōku Ao, p. 78.
33 Kāmira, ‘Kupe’, p. 229.
34 Ibid., p. 230; Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 70.
35 Evans, Ngā Waka o Neherā, pp. 104–06.
36 Keene, Tai Tokerau, pp. 50–51.
37 Waitangi Tribunal, He Whakaputanga me Te Tiriti, p. 27.
38 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 89.
39 Kāmira, ‘Kupe’, p. 231; H. Sadler, Ko Tautoro te Pito o Tōku Ao, p. 78.
40 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 92.
41 Kāmira, ‘Kupe’, p. 231.
42 Te Wānanga o Aotearoa ‘Iwi o te Wiki – Te Aupōuri’; Te Wānanga o Aotearoa, ‘Iwi o te Wiki – Ngāti Whātua’.
43 H. Rōmana, pers. comm. with K. O’Connor, 11 March 2020.
44 Ibid.
45 W. Norman, Section 5: Muriwhenua Cultural Research Segment, p. 34; Waitangi Tribunal, Muriwhenua Fishing Report, p. 255; Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 148; O. Stewart & R. Potts, ‘Waka Huia Romana Potts’.
46 Norman, Section 5, p. 87; Ngāti Kuri and The Crown, ‘Deed of Settlement of Historic Claims’, p. 73.
47 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 148.
48 Ngāti Kurī Trust Board, Treaty Settlement Offer Ratification Guide, p. 49; Te Wānanga o Aotearoa, ‘Iwi o te Wiki – Ngāti Whātua’.
49 Ngāti Kurī Trust Board, Treaty Settlement Offer, p. 49.
50 H. Rōmana, pers. comm. with K. O’Connor, 11 March 2020.
51 S. Murray, ‘The Spirit’s Flight’.
52 Ngāti Kuri and The Crown, ‘Deed of Settlement of Historic Claims’, p. 68.
53 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 149.
54 Norman, Section 5, p. 35.
55 Ngāti Kurī Trust Board, Treaty Settlement Offer Ratification Guide, p. 49.
56 E. Best, The Maori As He Was: A Brief Account of Life as it Was in Pre-European Days, p. 22; D. U. Cloher & M. Penfold, The Tribes of Muriwhenua, p. 9.
57 Ngāti Kuri and The Crown, ‘Deed of Settlement of Historic Claims’, p. 73.
58 Cloher & Penfold, The Tribes of Muriwhenua, p. 17.
59 Waitangi Tribunal, Muriwhenua Fishing Report, p. 256.
60 Norman, Section 5: Muriwhenua Cultural Research Segment, p. 37; Crown Forestry Rental Trust, ‘Te Aupōuri’, p. 2.
61 Ngāti Kuri and The Crown, ‘Deed of Settlement of Historic Claims’, p. 73.
62 Cloher & Penfold, The Tribes of Muriwhenua, p. 19; Te Wananga o Aotearoa, ‘Iwi o te Wiki – Ngāti Whātua’.
63 Te Rarawa and The Crown, ‘Deed of Settlement of Historic Claims’, p. 7.
64 R. Taonui, ‘Muriwhenua Tribes’.
65 Mutu et al., Ngāti Kahu: Portrait of a Sovereign Nation, pp. 11–12.
66 W. Norman, Section 5: Muriwhenua Cultural Research Segment, p. 37.
67 P. Tauhara, ‘Ngā Kereme o Tā Pereniki Tauhara’, p. 11; Norman, Section 5, p. 67.
68 Waitangi Tribunal, Muriwhenua Fishing Report (WAI 22), p. 260; Mutu et al., Ngāti Kahu, pp. 11–12.
69 Norman, Section 5: Muriwhenua Cultural Research Segment, p. 64.
70 Cloher & Penfold, The Tribes of Muriwhenua, p. 90; Mutu et al., Ngāti Kahu, p. 13.
71 Mutu et al., Ngāti Kahu, pp. 14–15.
72 Ibid., p. 15.
73 Kawharu, Tāhuhu Kōrero, p. 152.
74 Ibid., p. 98.
75 Tipene-Hook, ‘Kanohi ki te Kanohi’, p. 10.
Conclusion
1 T. McDowell, ‘“Ka Hoki a Kupe?”: The Political Career of Matiu Rata, 1963–1979’, p. 114; T. McDowell, ‘Rata, Matiu Waitai’.
2 R. Walker, Ka Whawhai Tōnu Mātou, p. 212.
3 T. Stephens, ‘Waka Huia: Episode 1’.
4 M. Marsden, The Woven Universe, p. xxx.
5 N. Harrison, Graham Latimer: A Biography, p. 122.
6 J. Evans, Heke-nuku-mai-nga-iwi Busby: Not Here by Chance, p. 217.