Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
academic institutions: German intellectuals and American, 22, 265n67. See also universities; specific academic institutions
academics, and Marcuse, 108–20
accents: of Arendt, 88; education and, 1, 30; inferiority associated with, 29; stranger persona and, 30. See also language
activism: Marcuse and, 109–12, 118, 125–27, 129, 130, 137, 139, 146; philosophy and, 124. See also New Left
Adams, John Quincy, 46
Adorno, Theodor W., 22–24, 116–18; Marcuse and, 108, 109, 111, 113–15, 120–24, 130; Said and, 206–7, 208
aesthetics: Marcuse on, 135, 136, 138–40; politics and, 139, 140, 278n83
affluent society, 135, 137–38, 148, 151
African Americans, 103; American Jews and, 85, 104; Arendt on, 77–79, 82–84; Marcuse and, 125, 149. See also racism; segregation
After the Last Sky (Said), 206, 233–35, 241
aliens: foreigners as, 45. See also foreigners
Allen, Danielle, 251
America: academic institutions and German intellectuals, 22, 265n67; Arendt and, 5, 8–9, 17, 47–48, 56, 58, 69–107, 269n2, 269n5; capitalism, 9, 31, 112, 128, 131, 132, 143–44, 146, 151; communism and, 184, 190, 193; Europe and, 163; foreign intellectuals leaving, 28; German intellectuals and, 109; German thought and spirit of, 88; investigations, 116; Israel and, 222; jeremiad, 159, 182, 185, 186, 187; Marcuse and, 8–9, 47–48, 108–55; mythological, 156, 158, 181, 184, 192, 195; patriotism, 249; postwar hegemony of, 163–64; press, 180, 183–84, 187–89, 192; revolution and, 144; Said and, 8–9, 47–48, 196–248; Solzhenitsyn and, 8–9, 31, 47–48, 156–68, 170–95; as Soviet Union, 182–84, 190; stranger persona and, 39; totalitarianism and, 133, 164, 184, 190; Western world as, 180–82, 184, 187, 189, 191–92, 194; Zionism and, 222, 224–26. See also Cold War; specific U.S. topics
America Day by Day (de Beauvoir), 15–16
American citizens, 47. See also citizens
American culture, 145; American intellectuals and, 163–64; “Our Country and Our Culture” symposium, 163–64
American democracy, 163, 192; Solzhenitsyn on, 181, 182; Tocqueville on, 10–13, 164–65, 249, 262nn26–27
American Emergency Committee, 56
American freedom, 165; Arendt on, 56, 79; foreign intellectuals and, 50; Solzhenitsyn and, 158, 165, 182, 191, 194
American identity, 195; crisis, 186; détente and, 165; foreigners and, 9, 44
American imperialism, 209; Said on, 197; Solzhenitsyn on, 163, 194–95
American intellectuals: American culture and, 163–64; Arendt and, 57, 74, 76, 88–90, 250–51; on class, 23; communism and, 165; European intellectuals and, 23, 26, 163, 250–51; foreign intellectuals and, 6–9, 15–16, 250, 256; French intellectuals and, 21–22; German intellectuals and, 22–25, 116–19; Marcuse and, 112, 119–20, 124, 250–51; overview, 6–7; on political freedom, 165; on racism, 82; Said and, 198, 200, 204, 206, 224–25, 251; Solzhenitsyn and, 157, 162, 172, 192, 195, 251. See also New York intellectuals; specific American intellectuals
Americanization, of Marcuse, 120–28
American Jews, 25, 69, 87, 274n144; African Americans and, 85, 104; German Jews and, 118; Israel and, 222; Zionism and, 222, 224
American Notes (Dickens), 13
American political discourse: foreigners and, 45–46; on Nazis, 86; stranger persona and, 255–56. See also foreign intellectuals, American political discourse of
American public discourse. See American political discourse; foreign intellectuals, American public discourse of
American Republic, 75, 77–79, 86, 269n2
Americans: acquaintances of Arendt, 5, 71; response to stranger persona, 6, 258; rhetoric of, 159, 194
American travelogues: British intellectuals critical, 13–14; European intellectuals, 10–17; French intellectuals, 10–15; of Tocque ville, 10–13, 262nn26–27
“America the Beautiful” (McCarthy), 16–17
anti-Americanism: Arendt and, 47, 65; European, 14; Marcuse and, 47, 108; Said and, 47; Solzhenitsyn and, 47, 179, 180
anticommunism: détente and, 160; Solzhenitsyn and, 29, 156–58, 160, 162, 170, 171; Western world and, 162
anti-Semitism: Arendt and, 59–61, 103; of Frankfurt Institute, 118; Marcuse and, 118; Said and, 223–24
Arabs, and Said, 198, 199, 202, 214, 215, 217, 218, 220–25, 227–29, 232, 234, 235, 237, 239, 242–44, 247
Arendt, Hannah, 29, 35, 37, 52; accent of, 88; on African Americans, 77–79, 82–84; America and, 5, 8–9, 17, 47–48, 56, 58, 69–107, 269n2, 269n5; American acquaintances of, 5, 71; on American freedom, 56, 79; American intellectuals and, 57, 74, 76, 88–90, 250–51; on American Republic, 75, 77–79, 86, 269n2; anti-Americanism and, 47, 65; anti-Semitism and, 59–61, 103; assimilation and, 57, 58, 61, 63–66, 68; Blücher and, 4–5, 61, 62; communism and, 70; criticism of, 39, 57, 70, 73–76, 79–81, 83–85, 89–91, 94, 100, 104, 105; defamiliarization of, 62, 69, 77, 78, 83, 85, 95–96, 99, 102; on desegregation of schools, 74–86; on discrimination, 75, 77–83, 85, 86, 271n68; early life in Germany, 58–62, 66; on equality, 75, 76–77, 79–82; on estrangement, 62–63, 65; as European, 57, 58, 77, 79, 86–87, 269n5; on evil, 57, 90, 91, 99–105; as foreigner, 4–5, 88; France and, 57, 61–62, 269n5; gender and, 72; as German, 5, 57, 58, 63, 86–105; German intellectuals and, 24, 58–59, 60–61, 63, 66, 69; as German Jew, 65, 66, 69, 86–105; German Jewish intellectuals and, 24, 58–59, 66; at Gurs, 61–62; Heidegger and, 59, 62–64, 71, 73, 271n59; Holocaust and, 89–93, 96–98, 101–4; on human rights, 58, 68; as immigrant, 3–4, 20, 38, 56–57, 87; Jaspers and, 56, 60, 63, 71, 88; as Jewish, 57–70, 77, 86–105, 274n144; Jewish assimilation and, 58, 61, 63–66, 68, 104; Jews and, 61, 63, 65, 66, 69, 81, 89, 91, 94–98, 100–105, 274n144; left and, 70, 71; liberal intellectuals and, 71–73, 76; liberalism and, 70, 71, 79, 80; in New York, 71, 86–105; New York Intellectuals and, 57, 73, 74, 87, 109, 117; overview, 1–9, 30–33, 56–58, 105–7, 250–60; pariah and, 58, 65–69, 83; Partisan Review and, 15, 57, 71, 73; parvenus and, 61, 65–66, 68; as philosopher, 57, 58, 60, 66, 69, 71, 73, 79, 80, 87, 92, 105–7, 109; on plurality, 75, 81, 106; on political realm, 77, 79, 80, 85; politics and, 58, 61, 64, 67–71, 74–86, 90, 105–7, 250–60; power of, 72, 73, 74, 104; on private realm, 77, 80, 84; as prophet, 250; on racism, 75–81, 83–85, 271n68; reception of, 32, 39, 50, 57, 71–73, 256–60; recognition of, 257–60; as “redoubtable woman,” 71; on refugees, 68–69; relationships of, 64; rhetoric of, 82–83; on Rights of Man, 58, 68; on segregation of schools, 75, 76, 80, 81; social realm and, 77, 79–82, 84, 85, 86; as stranger, 62–69, 72; stranger persona of, 31–33, 39, 54–55, 58, 69, 81, 90–92, 99, 104, 105; on totalitarianism, 70, 75, 90, 96, 102, 103; on tragedy, 92; as World War II refugee, 56–57, 68, 69; Zionism and, 60, 69. See also foreign intellectuals
Arendt, Hannah, works: American, 57–58; in Aufbau, 68, 69; Eichmann in Jerusalem, 57, 73, 89–107, 274n126; The Human Condition, 81; irony in, 58, 91, 99–102, 107; Men in Dark Times, 66; “On Civil Disobedience,” 78; The Origins of Totalitarianism, 3, 65, 70, 74, 75, 271n51; overview, 57; Rahel Varnhagen: The Life of a Jewess, 63–64; “Reflections on Little Rock, Arkansas,” 57, 74, 76, 82, 84, 86, 90, 103, 104, 107; On Revolution, 75, 107, 269n5; style of, 57–58, 85, 91–104; “The Shadows,” 62–63; “We, Refugees,” 68
Aristotle, 40, 41, 92, 106, 259, 260, 262n11
Arizona Department of Education, 1
Arnold, Matthew, 13
art: Marcuse on, 136, 139–40. See also aesthetics
assimilation: Arendt and, 57, 58, 61, 63–66, 68; of German intellectuals, 117. See also immigrant assimilation; Jewish assimilation
Auerbach, Erich, 278n83
authenticity, and politics, 46–47
Baldwin, James, 103–4
Baldwin, Roger, 177
Barrett, William, 16, 71–73, 88
BBC Reith Lectures, of Said, 204
Behdad, Ali, 11
Benda, Julien, 204
Benhabib, Seyla, 64–65, 66, 252
Benvenisti, Meron, 244–45
Bettelheim, Bruno, 90
Bloom, Allan, 88
Blücher, Heinrich, 4–5, 61, 62
Bohman, James, 86
Boltanski, Luc, 200–203
Boot, Max, 194–95
Bosniak, Linda, 45
Breines, Paul, 127–28
British intellectuals, 13–14
Brown, Norman, 130
Brown v. Board of Education, 74, 251
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 253
Buber, Martin, 237
Buruma, Ian, 242–43
Bush, George W., 34
Camus, Albert, 14
Cancer Ward (Solzhenitsyn), 280n11
capitalism: American, 9, 31, 112, 128, 131, 132, 143–44, 146, 151; Marcuse and, 9, 31, 112, 114, 116, 128, 131–34, 136–39, 143–44, 146–48, 151; totalitarianism and, 133
Carter, Jimmy, 253
Chomsky, Noam, 209
Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 41
citizens: democratic theories on foreignness and, 30; ethos of, 5–6, 8; foreigners as inferior to, 36–39; foreign intellectuals as, 37; language and, 30; noncitizen refugees as noncitizen foreigners, 35; political discourse of, 4; refugees and, 34–35; rhetoric and, 41; statecraft, foreigners and, 4; U.S. deportation and, 36–37
citizen’s ethos, 54; foreigners and, 40, 43–44; overview, 40–47; U.S. naturalization and, 46
citizenship, 54; of Said, 196, 205, 242; Solzhenitsyn’s offer of honorary American, 167. See also U.S. naturalization
class, and intellectuals, 23
classicists, and Orientalists, 219
Codrescu, Andrei, 1
Cold War, 138, 148, 151, 174, 259; escapee, 174; foreign intellectuals and, 26, 28, 29; Said and post–Cold War era, 197; Solzhenitsyn and, 157, 158, 161, 162, 173, 178, 181, 185, 193, 194. See also détente
Cold War discourse, 160; Marcuse and, 133, 149, 150; Solzhenitsyn and, 161, 162, 185, 193, 194
colonialism, and Said, 200, 214–16, 225–28, 235, 237–41
Columbia University, 22, 114, 116, 117, 120, 197
Commentary, 16, 25, 76, 82, 141, 142, 165, 231, 235, 237, 238
communism, 133, 166; America and, 184, 190, 193; American intellectuals and, 165; Arendt and, 70; French intellectuals and, 169; German intellectuals accused of, 25–27; Marcuse and, 116, 138; Solzhenitsyn and, 29, 156–58, 160–62, 170, 171, 175–77, 179, 182–86, 190, 193; World War II refugees from, 29, 264n60. See also anticommunism; Cold War; socialism; Soviet Union
Confino, Alan, 243, 245, 246, 287n113
Congress for the Dialectic of Liberation, 110, 137
conservatism: of Solzhenitsyn, 171–72. See also right
cosmopolitanism: of Marcuse, 111–12, 128; of Said, 198, 204, 205, 206, 231
Covering Islam (Said), 202–3
Crassus, Marcus Licinius, 41
critical theory, 116, 123, 128–29
criticism, of foreigners, 9, 10, 23–24, 39
criticism, of foreign intellectuals, 8–9, 251, 255, 260; of Arendt, 39, 57, 70, 73–76, 79–81, 83–85, 89–91, 94, 100, 104, 105; from Europe, 23–26, 39; of Marcuse, 39, 112, 113, 128–30, 132, 134–35, 141–45, 153, 154; political membership and, 252–53; of Said, 39, 216, 217–20, 226, 227–28, 230–32, 235–38, 242–46, 287n113; of Solzhenitsyn, 39, 161, 171–72, 185, 187–93
culture: Marcuse and, 145; mass, 164. See also American culture
Cummings, Elijah, 34
Davis, Angela, 119, 124–25, 137
de Beauvoir, Simone, 14–16
defamiliarization: of Arendt, 62, 69, 77, 78, 83, 85, 95–96, 99, 102; of Marcuse, 150; of Solzhenitsyn, 182
democracy: foreignness and citizens in theories of, 30; totalitarianism and, 133. See also American democracy
Democracy in America (Tocqueville), 10–13, 249, 262nn26–27
denunciation: as investigation, 211–21; master tropes of, 221–32; Said and, 200–203, 211–32
deportation: of Solzhenitsyn from Soviet Union, 156, 157. See also U.S. deportation
Der Philosophie der neuen Musik (Adorno), 24
desegregation: Arendt on, 74–86; school, 74–86
détente, 159, 186; American identity and, 165; anticommunism and, 160; criticism of, 166, 167, 168; Solzhenitsyn and, 166, 167, 178, 179, 183, 185; Soviet dissidents and, 166, 173
“Diary” column, of Said, 209–10
Dickens, Charles, 13
Disch, Lisa Jane, 65
discourse: ceremonial, 159, 179. See also political discourse
discrimination: Arendt on, 75, 77–83, 85, 86, 271n68; against Jews, 65. See also racism
dissidents: Eastern European, 170, 173. See also Soviet dissidents
Doctor Zhivago (Pasternak), 168, 193
Draper, Theodore, 165
Eastern and Central Europe, 18–19, 264n60
Eastern Europe, 174; dissidents, 170, 173
Eckford, Elizabeth, 76, 83, 84, 104
education: accents and, 1, 30. See also schools
Eichmann, Adolph, 89–107, 274n126, 274n144
Eichmann in Jerusalem: Report on the Banality of Evil (Arendt), 57, 73, 89–107, 274n126
Einstein, Albert, 3
Ellis, Annette, 34
Ellison, Ralph, 83–84
Emergency Rescue Committee, 20
English teachers, 1
equality: Arendt on, 75, 76–77, 79–82; plurality and, 86; Tocqueville on, 12
Eros and Civilization (Marcuse), 122–23, 130–31, 278n65
Essay on Liberation (Marcuse), 31, 134, 135–36, 138–39
estrangement: Arendt on, 62–63, 65; overview, 52–55; Said and, 225, 229, 232–46
ethos, 5–6, 8, 262n11; of foreigners, 43; overview, 40–41; rhetoric and, 40, 41. See also citizen’s ethos
Europe: America and, 163; anti-Americanism, 14; Central, 18–19, 264n60; Eastern, 18–19, 170, 173, 174, 264n60; postcolonialism, 226; Solzhenitsyn and, 168–70, 173; Tocqueville and, 11–12
European intellectuals: American intellectuals and, 23, 26, 163, 250–51; American travelogues, 10–17; anti-Americanism of, 14; on class, 23; criticism of, 23–26; opposing responses to, 21; U.S. immigration of World War II refugee, 17–29, 38–39, 56–57; World War II and, 17–29, 38–39, 56–57, 250. See also British intellectuals; foreign intellectuals; French intellectuals; German intellectuals
Europeans: Arendt as, 57, 58, 77, 79, 86–87, 269n5; Jewish, 24–25, 63, 69
Evans, Fred, 254
exiles, and Said, 197, 203, 206, 230–32, 239, 243, 244
Faulkner, William, 79
Fermi, Laura, 38
foreign accents. See accents
foreigners: as aliens, 45; American identity and, 9, 44; Arendt as, 4–5, 88; citizen’s ethos and, 40, 43–44; criticism, 9, 10, 23–24, 39; as different, 5; as enlightened travelers, 10–17; ethos of, 43; as inferior to citizens, 36–39; Marcuse as, 4, 119, 122, 128; political membership of, 9, 32, 45, 251, 252; politics and, 39, 45; refugees as noncitizen, 35; rhetoric and, 41, 42; Said as, 4, 5, 198; Solzhenitsyn as, 4, 172, 187–89, 192; statecraft, citizens and, 4; as strangers, 4, 48–50, 53, 55, 255; U.S. deportation of, 36–37, 44. See also immigrants; specific foreigners
foreigners’ political discourse, 40, 251; America and, 45–46; citizens’ political discourse and, 4; recognition of, 9, 252. See also foreign intellectuals, political discourse of
foreign intellectuals: American freedom and, 50; American intellectuals and, 6–9, 15–16, 250, 256; citizenship of, 37; Cold War and, 26, 28, 29; diasporic politics and, 262n3; differences between, 6; ethos of, 5, 8, 262n3; immigrant assimilation and, 47; language and stranger persona, 260; leaving U.S., 28; political activity of, 20–21, 37, 38; political discourse, 6; as refugees, 35–36, 38; rhetoric of, 253, 255; stranger persona of, 6, 260; as strangers, 255; U.S. deportation of, 37; U.S. immigration of, 38. See also European intellectuals; Russian intellectuals; specific foreign intellectual topics
foreign intellectuals, American political discourse of: contributions of, 1–2; enlarged perspective of, 256; of Marcuse, 109; political membership and, 252–53; reception of, 33, 251–52, 255–56, 265n67; recognition of, 33, 265n67
foreign intellectuals, American public discourse of, 251; Marcuse and, 151; overview, 1–3; recognition of, 9
foreignness: democratic theories on citizens and, 30; immigrant assimilation and, 47
foreign policy. See U.S. foreign policy
Foucault, Michel, 178, 285n50; Said and, 209, 213, 217, 220, 233
Fourth Biennial Conference of the International Herbert Marcuse Society, 108
France: Arendt and, 57, 61–62, 269n5; revolution in, 144, 176; Tocqueville and, 11–12, 262n26
Frankfurt Institute for Social Research: anti-Semitism of, 118; German mandarins and, 114–15; Jewishness of members, 117–18; Marcuse and, 109, 112–18, 120–23, 128, 129, 131, 132, 145; overview, 22, 113–17; philosophy and, 113–15; politics of, 114–15; socialism of, 114–15; U.S. investigations of, 116
Fraser, Nancy, 257
freedom: Marcuse on, 125, 131, 134, 136, 138, 145, 149. See also political freedom
French intellectuals: American intellectuals and, 21–22; American travelogues, 10–15; communism and, 169; Marxism and, 169–70; Said and, 209; Solzhenitsyn and, 169–71; Soviet Union and, 15, 169, 171; World War II refugee, 21
French Revolution, 176–77
Freud, Sigmund, 122, 123, 130, 229–30
Fromm, Erich, 109, 117, 145–46
Fry, Varian, 20
Geertz, Clifford, 202
Genet, Jean, 207–8
German intellectuals, 70; America and, 109; American academic institutions and, 22, 265n67; American intellectuals and, 22–25, 116–18; Arendt and, 24, 58–59, 60–61, 63, 66, 69; assimilation of, 117; communism and, 25–27; German mandarins, 114–15; Marcuse and, 109, 116, 119–22, 127, 133; socialism and, 20, 23, 28; World War II refugee, 18, 20–28, 57. See also Frankfurt Institute for Social Research; German philosophers; specific German intellectuals
German Jewish intellectuals, and Arendt, 24, 58–59, 66
German Jews: American Jews and, 118; Arendt as, 65, 66, 69, 86–105; Marcuse as, 110, 111, 117
German mandarins, 114–15
German philosophers, 113, 118. See also German intellectuals; specific German philosophers
German politics: Marcuse and, 109, 110; utopia and, 140
Germans: Arendt as, 5, 57, 58, 63, 86–105; Marcuse as, 109–11, 119; World War II refugees, 88
German thought, and American spirit, 88
Germany, 53–54; Arendt’s early life in, 58–62, 66; Holocaust, 89–93, 96–98, 101–4; left of, 140; Marcuse’s early life in, 113; Reichstag fire, 60; Weimar Republic, 63, 113, 115, 116. See also Nazis; World War II refugees
German Zionist Organization, 60
Gilman, Sander, 24
Glazer, Nathan, 38
Goffing, Francis, 21
Goldman, Emma, 37
Grafton, Anthony, 106
Gramsci, Antonio, 204–5
Great Society speech, of Marcuse, 150–52
Greeks, 40–43
Greenspan, Alan, 2–3
Grossman, Edward, 243–44
Gulag: Marxism and, 169, 170; Palestinians and, 227; Solzhenitsyn and, 158, 168, 169, 172, 173, 175–76, 187; violence, 176, 178
Gulag Archipelago, The (Solzhenitsyn), 158, 169, 175–76
Gurs, 61–62
Gurwitch, Aron, 51
Habermas, Jürgen, 4, 43, 116, 254
Harvard: address of Solzhenitsyn, 157–59, 161, 162, 164, 178–89, 191, 193–95; Said and, 196, 212; Solzhenitsyn and, 157–59, 161, 162, 164, 178–94
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 113, 126, 128–29, 132
Heidegger, Martin: Arendt and, 59, 62–64, 71, 73, 271n59; Marcuse and, 113, 115, 120
Herf, Jeffrey, 145
Herzl, Theodor, 226–27
Hitchens, Christopher, 3
Holocaust, 89–93, 96–98, 101–4, 168; Israel and, 201, 210, 211, 227, 229; survivor-witnesses, 175, 176
Hook, Sydney, 79, 88, 128–30, 162, 189, 191–92
Hoover Institute speech, of Solzhenitsyn, 179, 282n62
Horkheimer, Max, 22, 116–18; Marcuse and, 108, 109, 111, 113–15, 119–23, 128, 130
Horowitz, Michael, 110
Human Condition, The (Arendt), 81
humanistic consciousness, 182
human rights: Arendt on, 58, 68; of refugees, 68; Rights of Man, 58, 68
Hurricane Katrina, 34–35
Husserl, Edmund, 60
identity: Jewish, 228–31, 246; Palestinian, 200, 206, 208, 209, 233, 242, 245, 246; Russian, 172; Said and, 197–98, 200, 203, 206, 208–9, 211, 223, 229, 230, 233, 238, 240, 242, 245–46. See also American identity
immigrant assimilation, 46, 49; foreign intellectuals and, 47; foreignness and, 47
immigrant intellectuals, 7, 26. See also foreign intellectuals
immigrants: Arendt as, 3–4, 20, 38, 56–57, 87; Jewish, 25, 86; Marcuse as, 3–4, 119, 154; politics and, 1, 252, 261n2; Said as, 3–4, 241–42, 244; Solzhenitsyn as, 3–4; strangers as, 50–51. See also foreigners; U.S. immigrants
immigration. See U.S. immigration
Immigration and Naturalization Service, 21, 27
imperialism: Said on, 197, 200–201, 225, 227, 228; Zionism and, 201, 225, 227, 228. See also American imperialism
inferiority: accents associated with, 29; of foreigners compared to citizens, 36–39
In Search of Palestine documentary, 238
Institute for Social Research. See Frankfurt Institute for Social Research
integration. See desegregation
intellectuals: Arendt and liberal, 71–73, 76; medieval, 7; political affiliations of key, 161–62; Said on, 204–5, 217, 247; transnationalism and nationalism of, 7. See also foreign intellectuals; Western intellectuals
internationalism, of Marcuse, 110, 126
investigation: denunciation as, 211–21; U.S., 116
Israel: American Jews and, 222; Holocaust and, 201, 210, 211, 227, 229; Said and, 199, 201, 210, 216, 221–30, 232, 238, 239, 247, 248; U.S. and, 222. See also Zionism
Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Said on, 197, 199–201, 203, 205, 207–11, 221, 229, 232, 235–38, 241, 245, 246, 248; U.S. foreign policy and, 200, 209
James, C. L. R., 37
Jaspers, Karl, 56, 60, 63, 71, 88
Jay, Martin, 73–74, 114, 121, 122
Jeanpierre, Laurent, 22
Jenemann, David, 265n67
jeremiad, 159, 182, 185, 186, 187
Jewish assimilation: Arendt and, 58, 61, 63–66, 68, 104; parvenus, 61, 65–66, 68
Jewish German intellectuals, 24, 58–59, 66
Jews: Arendt and, 61, 63, 65, 66, 69, 81, 89, 91, 94–98, 100–105, 274n144; Arendt as, 57–70, 77, 86–105, 274n144; discrimination against, 65; European, 24–25, 63, 69; Frankfurt Institute members as, 117–18; Holocaust and, 89–93, 96–98, 101–4; identity of, 228–31, 246; immigrants, 25, 86; Marcuse as, 110, 111, 117; Nazis and, 86, 89, 95–98, 100–102; New York, 117, 118; as pariahs, 58, 65, 66; “smart Jew” stereotype, 24–25; as World War II refugees, 86–88. See also American Jews; anti-Semitism; German Jews; Israel; Zionism
Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 150, 151
Judt, Tony, 3
Kanstroom, Daniel, 44
Kant, Immanuel, 9
Kateb, George, 79, 141–45, 147, 151
Keen, Harold, 152
Kellner, Douglas, 108, 132, 133
Kermode, Frank, 141
Kipling, Rudyard, 14
language: citizens and, 30; stranger persona and foreign intellectuals’, 260. See also accents
Lazare, Bernard, 67
left: Arendt and, 70, 71; German, 140; Marcuse and, 112, 114; right and, 162, 165; Solzhenitsyn and, 158, 169. See also liberalism; New Left; radicalism; socialism
legalism, 183
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 68
Letters to Soviet Leaders (Solzhenitsyn), 177
Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 21
Lewis, Bernard, 218–20
liberal intellectuals, and Arendt, 71–73, 76
liberalism, 162; Arendt and, 70, 71, 79, 80; Said on, 200, 201, 225. See also left
“Liberation from the Affluent Society” speech (Marcuse), 137–39
Lipstadt, Deborah, 103
logos, 5
Lolita (Nabokov), 80
London Review of Books, 209
Löwith, Karl, 60
Lukács, Georg, 170–71
MacIntyre, Alasdair, 141–42
MacLeish, Archibald, 188–89, 191
Magee, Bryan, 119
Mandelbaum, Michael, 194
Mann, Thomas, 20, 25–26, 87–88
Marcuse, Herbert, 35, 37, 52; academics and, 108–20; activism and, 109–12, 118, 125–27, 129, 130, 137, 139, 146; Adorno and, 108, 109, 111, 113–15, 120–24, 130; on aesthetics, 135, 136, 138–40; on affluent society, 135, 137–38, 148, 151; African Americans and, 125, 149; America and, 8–9, 47–48, 108–55; on American capitalism, 9, 31, 112, 128, 131, 132, 143–44, 146, 151; American intellectuals and, 112, 119–20, 124, 250–51; Americanization of, 120–28; American political discourse of, 109; American public discourse and, 151; anti-Americanism and, 47, 108; anti-Semitism and, 118; on art, 136, 139–40; on capitalism, 9, 31, 112, 114, 116, 128, 131–34, 136–39, 143–44, 146–48, 151; Cold War discourse and, 133, 149, 150; communism and, 116, 138; controversy over, 108, 111, 134; cosmopolitanism of, 111–12, 128; criticism of, 39, 112, 113, 128–30, 132, 134–35, 141–45, 153, 154; culture and, 145; Davis and, 119, 124–25, 137; defamiliarization of, 150; early life in Germany, 113; as foreigner, 4, 119, 122, 128; Frankfurt Institute and, 109, 112–18, 120–23, 128, 129, 131, 132, 145; on freedom, 125, 131, 134, 136, 138, 145, 149; on Freud, 122, 123, 130; as German, 109–11, 119; German intellectuals and, 109, 116, 119–22, 127, 133; as German Jew, 110, 111, 117; as German mandarin, 114–15; German philosophers and, 113, 118; German politics and, 109, 110; Hegel and, 113, 126, 128–29, 132; Heidegger and, 113, 115, 120; Horkheimer and, 108, 109, 111, 113–15, 119–23, 128, 130; as immigrant, 3–4, 119, 154; internationalism of, 110, 126; as Jewish, 110, 111, 117; left and, 112, 114; legacy of, 153–55; Marxism and, 108, 110, 113, 128, 130–33, 136–38, 147; metonymies of, 146–53; New Left and, 108–12, 119, 124–30, 135, 138, 140, 142, 144, 145, 148, 153–54; Occupy movement and, 108, 153; on one-dimensional man, 131–33, 135, 146–49; OSS and, 112, 116, 119, 120; overview, 2–9, 31–33, 108–12, 153–55, 250–60; pessimism of, 135, 143–47; philosophy and, 108, 109, 111–15, 119–24, 126–30, 135, 137, 138, 140–47, 150, 152; politics and, 108–55, 250–60; as prophet, 250; radicalism and, 109–13, 126, 128–40, 144, 146, 152; reception of, 32, 39, 50, 108, 109, 119–20, 126–27, 140–44, 153–55, 257–60; recognition of, 119–20, 126–27, 257–60; on repressive tolerance, 129, 134–35, 148, 149, 152–53; revolution and, 111, 136–37, 140, 144–55; rhetoric of, 123, 127, 143–53; slang and, 149; on socialism, 138; on Soviet Union, 138; as stranger, 142; stranger persona of, 32–33, 39, 54–55, 110, 112, 119, 124, 127, 133, 137, 138, 144, 154; students and, 110–12, 124–27, 129, 137; on totalitarianism, 131, 133; U.S. investigations of, 116; U.S. naturalization of, 110, 113, 154; on utopia, 135, 136, 139, 140, 143, 144, 155, 278n65; on Vietnam War, 151–52; on violence, 134, 135, 152. See also foreign intellectuals
Marcuse, Herbert, works: Eros and Civilization, 122–23, 130, 131, 278n65; Essay on Liberation, 31, 134, 135–36, 138–39; Great Society speech, 150–52; “Liberation from the Affluent Society” speech, 137–39; One-Dimensional Man, 31, 128, 131–34, 136, 145, 278n65; Reason and Revolution, 128–30, 132; “Repressive Tolerance,” 134–35; Soviet Marxism, 138; style of, 121–23, 129, 141, 142
Marxism: French intellectuals and, 169–70; Gulag and, 169, 170; Marcuse and, 108, 110, 113, 128, 130–33, 136–38, 147; Solzhenitsyn and, 157, 169–71, 177. See also socialism
medieval intellectuals, 7
Men in Dark Times (Arendt), 66
metonymies: of Marcuse, 146–53; of one-dimensional man, 146–49; of repressive tolerance, 148, 149, 152–53
Middle East: Said on, 197, 199, 201, 209, 220, 221, 224, 243, 247, 248; U.S. foreign policy in, 197
Mills, C. Wright, 112, 133, 147, 163
Milosz, Czeslaw, 28–29, 264n60
misrepresentation, and Said, 211, 214, 216, 217, 224, 225
Morgenthau, Hans, 253
NAACP. See National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 74, 75, 84
nationalism: of intellectuals, 7; reception of foreign intellectuals and, 255
national origin, and U.S. immigration, 38, 266n10
naturalization. See U.S. naturalization
Nazis, 60, 61, 62, 69, 70, 151; Eichmann, 89–107, 274n126; Jews and, 86, 89, 95–98, 100–102
New Left: Marcuse and, 108–12, 119, 124–30, 135, 138, 140, 142, 144, 145, 148, 153–54; revolutionary rhetoric for, 144–53
New York: Arendt in, 71, 86–105; Jews, 117, 118
New York Intellectuals, 88, 116; Arendt and, 57, 73, 74, 87, 109, 117
Nobel Prize acceptance speech, of Solzhenitsyn, 175
noncitizen refugees, as noncitizen foreigners, 35
Occupy movement, 108, 153, 154
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 112, 116, 119, 120
“On Civil Disobedience” (Arendt), 78
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denosovich (Solzhenitsyn), 168, 176, 193
one-dimensional man, 131–33, 135, 146–49
One-Dimensional Man (Marcuse), 31, 128, 131–34, 136, 145, 278n65
On Revolution (Arendt), 75, 107, 269n5
“On the Designation of ‘Emigrant’” (Brecht), 27
Orient: Occident and, 214, 215, 217; Said on, 213–20, 223
Orientalism: classicists and, 219; Said and, 213–15, 218–19, 223, 225, 247
Orientalism (Said), 32, 197, 198, 200–202, 211, 213–21, 225
Origins of Totalitarianism, The (Arendt), 3, 65, 70, 74, 75, 271n51
OSS. See Office of Strategic Services
“Our Country and Our Culture” symposium, 163–64
Out of Place (Said), 32, 198, 200, 201, 206, 207, 233–39, 240, 242–46, 287n113
Palestinian National Council (PNC), 199
Palestinians: Gulag and, 227; identity, 200, 206, 208, 209, 233, 242, 245, 246; Said and, 31–32, 196–203, 205–12, 221–27, 229, 231–39, 241–48; self-determination of, 197, 198, 208, 211, 234, 241, 247; Zionism and, 221, 223, 225. See also Israeli-Palestinian conflict
pariah: Arendt and, 58, 65–69, 83; Jew as, 58, 65, 66; models of, 67; overview, 66–68; refugee as, 69
Park, Robert, 49
Parry-Giles, Shawn, 46
Partisan Review, 15, 57, 71, 73, 163
patriotism, American, 249
Pells, Richard, 7
Phillips, William, 72, 73, 161–64
philosophers: Arendt as, 57, 58, 60, 66, 69, 71, 73, 79, 80, 87, 92, 105–7, 109. See also German philosophers; specific philosophers
philosophy: activism and, 124; Frankfurt Institute and, 113–15; Marcuse and, 108, 109, 111–15, 119–24, 126–30, 135, 137, 138, 140–47, 150, 152; political, 124
Philosophy of New Music, The (Adorno), 24
Pivot, Bernard, 173
plurality: Arendt on, 75, 81, 106; equality and, 86
PNC. See Palestinian National Council
Podhoretz, Norman, 76, 82–83, 104
political activism. See activism
political activity, of foreign intellectuals, 20–21, 37, 38
political discourse: stranger persona in, 33. See also American political discourse; Cold War discourse; foreigners’ political discourse
political freedom: American intellectuals on, 165. See also American freedom; freedom
political membership: criticism of foreign intellectuals and, 252–53; of foreigners, 9, 32, 45, 251, 252; foreign intellectuals’ American political discourse and, 252–53; recognition of foreign intellectuals and, 258
political movements. See activism
political philosophy, 124
political realm, 77, 79, 80, 85
political refugees, 68
politics: aesthetics and, 139, 140, 278n83; affiliations of key intellectuals, 161–62; Arendt and, 58, 61, 64, 67–71, 74–86, 90, 105–7, 250–60; of authenticity, 46–47; diasporic politics and foreign intellectuals, 262n3; foreigners and, 39, 45; of Frankfurt Institute, 114–15; immigrants and, 1, 252, 261n2; Marcuse and, 108–55, 250–60; rhetoric and, 40; Said and, 197–248, 250–60; Solzhenitsyn and, 156–95, 250–60. See also German politics; left; right; socialism
polity, and stranger persona, 32
postcolonialism: European, 226; Said and, 197, 216, 217, 228
press: American, 180, 183–84, 187–89, 192; Solzhenitsyn and, 180, 183–84, 187–90; Soviet, 183, 184
prophet: Arendt as, 250; Marcuse as, 250; Said as, 250; Solzhenitsyn as, 159, 161, 174, 179, 180, 182, 185, 186, 188, 189, 192, 193, 250. See also jeremiad
public discourse. See foreign intellectuals, American public discourse of; political discourse
Question of Palestine, The (Said), 200, 201, 221, 224, 227
race, and U.S. immigration, 38, 266n10
racism: American intellectuals on, 82; Arendt on, 75–81, 83–85, 271n68. See also segregation
radicalism: Marcuse and, 109–13, 126, 128–40, 144, 146, 152. See also New Left
Rahel Varnhagen: The Life of a Jewess (Arendt), 63–64
Rahv, Philip, 71–72
Rahv, William, 163–64
Rampart, 124
Rand, Ayn, 2–3
Reason and Revolution (Marcuse), 128–30, 132
reception, of foreign intellectuals: American political discourse, 33, 251–52, 255–56, 265n67; of Arendt, 32, 39, 50, 57, 71–73, 256–60; of Marcuse, 32, 39, 50, 108, 109, 119–20, 126–27, 140–44, 153–55, 257–60; nationalism and, 255; perceptions impact on, 5–6, 25; rejection, 29, 251, 254–56; of Said, 32, 39, 50, 197, 214–15, 217, 242, 246, 257–60; of Solzhenitsyn, 32, 39, 50, 158, 167–75, 168, 169, 172, 173, 175–76, 179, 187–89, 195, 257–60; stranger persona and, 255–56, 258, 260. See also criticism, of foreign intellectuals; recognition, of foreign intellectuals
recognition, 256–60
recognition, of foreign intellectuals: American political discourse, 33, 265n67; of Arendt, 257–60; of Marcuse, 119–20, 126–27, 257–60; political membership and, 258; reciprocity and, 258; of Said, 217, 257–60; of Solzhenitsyn, 158, 167, 170–71, 178, 179, 257–60; stranger persona and, 258. See also reception, of foreign intellectuals
“Reflections on Little Rock, Arkansas” (Arendt), 57, 74, 76, 82, 84, 86, 90, 103, 104, 107
refugees, 44; Arendt on, 68–69; citizens and, 34–35; foreign intellectuals as, 35–38; human rights of, 68; Hurricane Katrina victims as, 34–35; as noncitizen foreigners, 35; as pariahs, 69; as universal victims, 35. See also World War II refugees
Reichstag fire, 60
representation: misrepresentation, 211, 214, 216, 217, 224, 225; Said on, 200–203, 210–17, 221, 224, 225, 229, 233, 239, 241, 242, 245, 247
Representations of the Intellectual (Said), 210
repressive tolerance, 129, 134–35, 148, 149, 152–53
“Repressive Tolerance” (Marcuse), 134–35
revolution: America and, 144; French, 144, 176–77; Marcuse and, 111, 136–37, 140, 144–55; rhetoric for New Left, 144–53; Russian, 177; Said and, 208; Solzhenitsyn on, 178, 185; terror and, 177; violence and, 176, 178
revolutionary privilege, 176, 177, 178, 185
rhetoric: American, 159, 194; of Arendt, 82–83; citizens and, 41; ethos and, 40, 41; foreigners and, 41, 42; of foreign intellectuals, 253, 255; Greeks and, 40–42; jeremiad, 159, 182, 185, 186, 187; of Marcuse, 123, 127, 143–53; New Left and revolutionary, 144–53; politics and, 40; of Said, 200–201, 203, 211, 214, 215, 225, 227, 228, 233, 237, 245; of Solzhenitsyn, 159, 179, 185–86, 194
right, 162, 165. See also conservatism
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 43
Russia, 53–54; Solzhenitsyn’s return to, 156. See also Soviet Union
Russian intellectuals: Russian identity and, 172. See also Soviet intellectuals
Russian Revolution, 177
Russians: identity of, 172; Solzhenitsyn as, 161, 172–73, 187, 188, 193
Ryan, Paul, 3
Said, Edward, 35, 37, 52; Adorno and, 206–7, 208; America and, 8–9, 47–48, 196–248; on American imperialism, 197; American intellectuals and, 198, 200, 204, 206, 224–25, 251; anti-Americanism and, 47; anti-Semitism and, 223–24; Arabs and, 198, 199, 202, 214, 215, 217, 218, 220–25, 227–29, 232, 234, 235, 237, 239, 242–44, 247; citizenship of, 196, 205, 242; colonialism and, 200, 214–16, 225–28, 235, 237–41; cosmopolitanism of, 198, 204, 205, 206, 231; criticism of, 39, 216, 217–20, 226, 227–28, 230–32, 235–38, 242–46, 287n113; denunciation and, 200–203, 211–32; emotion of, 199, 202, 203, 239, 244; estrangement of, 225, 229, 232–46; exiles and, 197, 203, 206, 230–32, 239, 243, 244; family of, 235–38, 240–42, 244–45; as foreigner, 4, 5, 198; Foucault and, 209, 213, 217, 220, 233; French intellectuals and, 209–10; Freud and, 229–30; Genet and, 207–8; Harvard and, 196, 212; identity and, 197–98, 200, 203, 206, 208–9, 211, 223, 229, 230, 233, 238, 240, 242, 245–46; as immigrant, 3–4, 241–42, 244; on imperialism, 197, 200–201, 225, 227, 228; on intellectuals, 204–5, 217, 247; Israel and, 199, 201, 210, 216, 221–30, 232, 238, 239, 247, 248; on Israeli-Palestinian conflict, 197, 199–201, 203, 205, 207–11, 221, 229, 232, 235–38, 241, 245, 246, 248; on liberalism, 200, 201, 225; as literary, 211–13; Middle East and, 197, 199, 201, 209, 220, 221, 224, 243, 247, 248; on misrepresentation, 211, 214, 216, 217, 224, 225; Orientalism and, 213–15, 218–19, 223, 225, 247; Orient and, 213–20, 223; overview, 2–9, 31–33, 196–203, 246–48, 250–60; Palestinians and, 31–32, 196–203, 205–12, 221–27, 229, 231–39, 241–48; PNC and, 199; politics and, 197–248, 250–60; post–Cold War era and, 197; postcolonialism and, 197, 216, 217, 228; as prophet, 250; reception of, 32, 39, 50, 197, 214–15, 217, 242, 246, 257–60; recognition of, 217, 257–60; on representation, 200–203, 210–17, 221, 224, 225, 229, 233, 239, 241, 242, 245, 247; revolution and, 208; rhetoric of, 200–201, 203, 211, 214, 215, 225, 227, 228, 233, 237, 245; as stranger, 198, 205, 211, 231; stranger persona of, 32–33, 39, 54–55, 197–99, 206, 209, 212, 221, 224; structuralism and, 213; on U.S. foreign policy, 199, 200, 209; victimhood and, 199, 201–3, 208, 210, 211, 227, 229, 235, 240, 241, 244; Western world and, 196, 198, 206, 209, 211, 213–15, 217, 220, 223–28, 234, 241, 242, 244, 246, 247; Zionism and, 201, 205, 221–29, 232, 234, 236–39. See also foreign intellectuals
Said, Edward, works: BBC Reith Lectures, 204; Covering Islam, 202–3; “Diary” column, 209–10; After the Last Sky, 206, 233–35, 241; Orientalism, 32, 197, 198, 200–202, 211, 213–21, 225; Out of Place, 32, 198, 200, 201, 206, 207, 233–39, 240, 242–46, 287n113; overview, 198, 200; The Question of Palestine, 200, 201–21, 224, 227; Representations of the Intellectual, 210; In Search of Palestine documentary, 238; style of, 197, 200–201
Sakharov, Andrei, 166
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 14–15, 169, 171, 209, 210
Sassen, Saskia, 44
Scammel, Michael, 168, 173, 283n86
Schama, Simon, 13–14
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 163, 164
scholars. See intellectuals
Scholem, Gershom, 89, 91, 105, 274n144
schools: desegregation, 74–86; segregation, 74–75. See also education; universities; specific schools
segregation, 82; Arendt on, 75, 76, 80, 81; school, 74–75. See also desegregation
Shklovsky, Viktor, 52–53
Simmel, Georg, 39, 48–51, 55, 268n51, 268n75
slang, 149
socialism: of Frankfurt Institute, 114–15; German intellectuals and, 20, 23, 28; Marcuse on, 138; Solzhenitsyn and, 158, 169. See also communism; left; Marxism
social realm, 77, 79–82, 84, 85, 86
society: affluent, 135, 137–38, 148, 151; Great Society, 150–52
Socrates, 106
Soldier’s Council, 269n18
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 34–35, 37, 52; America and, 8–9, 31, 47–48, 156–68, 170–95; on American democracy, 181, 182; American freedom and, 158, 165, 182, 191, 194; on American imperialism, 163, 194–95; American intellectuals and, 157, 162, 172, 192, 195, 251; anti-Americanism and, 47, 179, 180; anticommunism and, 29, 156–58, 160, 162, 170, 171; in Cavendish, Vermont, 172–73, 283n86; Cold War and, 157, 158, 161, 162, 173, 178, 181, 185, 193, 194; communism and, 29, 156–58, 160–62, 170, 171, 175–77, 179, 182–86, 190, 193; conservatism of, 171–72; criticism of, 39, 161, 171–72, 185, 187–93; defamiliarization of, 182; deportation from Soviet Union of, 156, 157; détente and, 166, 167, 178, 179, 183, 185; Europe and, 168–70, 173; as foreigner, 4, 172, 187–89, 192; French intellectuals and, 169–71; Gulag and, 158, 168, 169, 172, 173, 175–76, 187; Harvard and, 157–59, 161, 162, 164, 178–94; on humanistic consciousness, 182; as immigrant, 3–4; jeremiad of, 159, 182, 185, 186, 187; left and, 158, 169; on legalism, 183; Marxism and, 157, 169–71, 177; on mythological America, 156, 158, 181, 184, 192, 195; offer of honorary American citizenship, 167; overview, 2–9, 31–33, 156–61, 193–95, 250–60; politics and, 156–95, 250–60; press and, 180, 183–84, 187–90; as prophet, 159, 161, 174, 179, 180, 182, 185, 186, 188, 189, 192, 193, 250; reception of, 32, 39, 50, 158, 167–75, 168, 169, 172, 173, 175–76, 179, 187–89, 195, 257–60; recognition of, 158, 167, 170–71, 178, 179, 257–60; return to Russia of, 156; on revolution, 178, 185; rhetoric of, 159, 179, 185–86, 194; as Russian, 161, 172–73, 187, 188, 193; socialism and, 158, 169; as Soviet dissident, 156, 165, 170, 173–74; Soviet Union and, 156–62, 165–79, 181–85, 188, 190, 191; stranger persona of, 32–33, 39, 54–55, 171, 176, 192, 193; as survivor-witness, 175; synecdoche use by, 180–82, 184, 189, 191, 194; totalitarianism and, 157, 162, 175, 178, 184, 185; violence and, 178, 185–86; Western intellectuals and, 180, 188; on Western world, 157, 158, 162–65, 174, 175, 177–84, 186–94. See also foreign intellectuals
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, works, 175; Cancer Ward, 280n11; The Gulag Archipelago, 158, 169, 175–76; Harvard address, 157–59, 161, 162, 164, 178–89, 191, 193–95; Hoover Institute speech, 179, 282n62; Letters to Soviet Leaders, 177; Nobel Prize acceptance speech, 175; One Day in the Life of Ivan Denosovich, 168, 176, 193; on Soviet Union, 158; style of, 170–71, 175, 180–82, 184, 189, 191, 194
Soviet dissidents: détente and, 166, 173; Solzhenitsyn as, 156, 165, 170, 173–74
Soviet intellectuals: Western intellectuals and, 161, 170, 280n11. See also Russian intellectuals
Soviet Marxism (Marcuse), 138
Soviet Union, 70; French intellectuals on, 15, 169, 171; Gulag, 158, 168, 169, 170, 172, 173; Marcuse on, 138; press, 183, 184; Solzhenitsyn and, 156–62, 165–79, 181–85, 188, 190, 191; totalitarianism of, 157, 164, 178; U.S. as, 182–84, 190; violence of, 176, 177, 178; Western support of, 177; World War II refugees escaping, 28, 29. See also Cold War; communism
Sozuk, Nevgat, 255
stranger, 39; Arendt as, 62–69, 72; foreigner as, 4, 48–50, 53, 55, 255; foreign intellectual as, 255; as friend, 259; groups and, 51–52; immigrant as, 50–51; Marcuse as, 142; as oracle, 52; overview, 48–54; restrictions on, 50; Said as, 198, 205, 211, 231; Simmel on, 48–51, 55. See also estrangement
stranger persona, 253, 254; accents and, 30; America and, 39; American political discourse and, 255–56; Americans’ response to, 6, 258; of Arendt, 31–33, 39, 54–55, 58, 69, 81, 90–92, 99, 104, 105; estrangement and, 54–55; of foreign intellectuals, 6, 260; language and, 260; of Marcuse, 32–33, 39, 54–55, 110, 112, 119, 124, 127, 133, 137, 138, 144, 154; overview, 2, 53, 55, 250; in political discourse, 33; of polity, 32; reception of foreign intellectuals and, 255–56, 258, 260; recognition and, 259, 260; recognition of foreign intellectuals and, 258; of Said, 32–33, 39, 54–55, 197–99, 206, 209, 212, 221, 224; of Solzhenitsyn, 32–33, 39, 54–55, 171, 176, 192, 193
structuralism, 213
synecdoche, 180–82, 184, 189, 191, 194
teachers, English, 1
terror, and revolution, 177
theory, critical, 116, 123, 128–29
“Shadows, The” (Arendt), 62–63
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 10–13, 47, 164–65, 249, 262nn26–27
totalitarianism: America and, 133, 164, 184, 190; Arendt on, 70, 75, 90, 96, 102, 103; capitalism and, 133; democracy and, 133; Marcuse on, 131, 133; Solzhenitsyn and, 157, 162, 175, 178, 184, 185; of Soviet Union, 157, 164, 178
transnationalism, of intellectuals, 7
Trollope, Frances, 13
UCSD. See University of California, San Diego
United States. See America; specific U.S. topics
universities: students and Marcuse, 110–12, 124–27, 129, 137. See also academic institutions; specific universities
University of California, Berkeley, 137, 153
University of California, San Diego (UCSD), 111
U.S. citizens. See citizens
U.S. deportation: citizens and, 36–37; denaturalization and, 37; of foreigners, 36–37, 44; of foreign intellectuals, 37; overview, 44
U.S. foreign policy: Israeli-Palestinian conflict and, 200, 209; in Middle East, 197; Said on, 199, 200, 209
U.S. immigrants, 47; investigations of “subversive,” 21. See also immigrants
U.S. immigration, 44, 46; Emergency Rescue Committee and, 20; of European intellectual World War II refugees, 17–29, 38–39, 56–57; of foreign intellectuals, 38; iconology of, 18; national origin, race and, 38, 266n10. See also U.S. deportation
U.S. naturalization, 36, 37, 44–45; citizen’s ethos and, 46; deportation and denaturalization, 37; Immigration and Naturalization Service, 21, 27; of Marcuse, 110, 113, 154
utopia: German politics and, 140; Marcuse on, 135, 136, 139, 140, 143, 144, 155, 278n65
victimhood, and Said, 199, 201–3, 208, 210, 211, 227, 229, 235, 240, 241, 244
Vietnam War, 90; Marcuse on, 151–52
violence: Gulag, 176, 178; Marcuse on, 134, 135, 152; revolutionary privilege of, 176, 178; Solzhenitsyn and, 178, 185–86; Soviet, 176, 177, 178
von Trotha, Margarette, 5, 90, 104–5
“We, Refugees” (Arendt), 68
Weber, Max, 262n27
Weil, Simone, 21
Weimar Republic, 63, 113, 115, 116
Werman, Robert, 238–39
Western intellectuals: Solzhenitsyn and, 180, 188; Soviet intellectuals and, 161, 170, 280n11. See also American intellectuals
Western world: America as, 180–82, 184, 187, 189, 191–92, 194; anticommunism and, 162; Said and, 196, 198, 206, 209, 211, 213–15, 217, 220, 223–28, 234, 241, 242, 244, 246, 247; Solzhenitsyn and, 157, 158, 162–65, 174, 175, 177–84, 186–94; support of Soviet Union, 177
Wheatland, Thomas, 126–27, 265n67
Wieseltier, Leon, 202–3, 230–31
Wilson, Edmund, 224–25
Wolin, Sheldon, 11
World War II, and European intellectuals, 17–29, 38–39, 56–57, 250
World War II refugees: Arendt as, 56–57, 68, 69; from communism, 29, 264n60; Eastern and Central European, 18–19, 264n60; French intellectual, 21; German, 88; German intellectual, 18, 20–28, 57; Jewish, 86–88; political refugees, 68; Soviet Union and, 28, 29; U.S. immigration of European intellectual, 17–29, 38–39, 56–57
Zionism: America and, 222, 224–26; American Jews and, 222, 224; Arendt and, 60, 69; imperialism and, 201, 225, 227, 228; Palestinians and, 221, 223, 225; Said and, 201, 205, 221–29, 232, 234, 236–39
Zolberg, Aristide, 44–45