It’s a Greek Southern Thing!
My history before I turned fifteen was mostly shaped by my Alabama horizons: the creeks, Guntersville Lake, the feel of the grasses on my bare feet, and the smells of my grandmother’s lunches served on the dock. It is difficult for me to describe a meaningful day in my life without using the word “food,” and that has a great deal to do with my Southern heritage and maternal grandmother.
But “food” for me also has a great deal to do with my Greek heritage, which I didn’t come into until I was a young adult.
I traveled to Greece for the first time, at fifteen, to visit my family there. I didn’t speak the language or understand intrinsically the culture I was being introduced to, but it ended up shaping me nonetheless.
The amazing thing is that these two seemingly very different cultures are, in actuality, very similar— very, very similar— especially where food and hospitality are concerned. Aren’t I lucky?
Both cultures have an unspoken language that dominates the traditions of the table. I still to this day don’t speak much Greek, and my Greek stepmother doesn’t speak much English, but I came to understand that the language in which love is communicated to one’s family is the kind that you can put on your plate. The number one reason I continue to go to Greece, aside from my beloved family, is the food. It’s best served in someone’s home (although the tavernas do a pretty damned good job) because Greeks have an almost fierce desire to please one’s guests, not with lavish furnishings in one’s home, and not with the witty and stimulating conversation (though those are always lively), but with the food.
Women in Greece, not unlike women in the South, compete for attention on who makes the best fritters or moussaka— even family members vie for the title of “the best”; I do with my two Greek sisters. The only difference I can articulate between the two cultures in this aspect has to do with articulation itself— Greeks are vividly verbal whereas a Southern lady would demurely defer her rightful title to someone else.
The Southern Recipes website (olsouthrecipes.com) has a section called “Etiquette at the Southern Table.” I couldn’t help smiling when I read that “much of Southern life revolves around food, and when you enter a Southerner’s home, even for a casual visit, you should expect to be offered a snack and beverage.” Interestingly enough, these customs could just as easily describe a dinner table in Greece.
To arrive at my grandmother’s house as a child to spend a weekend or sometimes an exultant whole week was to be rewarded with treats in all the corners and cupboards in her kitchen. The freezer and pantry, the pot on the stove, and the biscuit bowl on her counter all held wonders.
I knew when a visit was due when she called and said that she was cooking up things that only I adored.
My beloved Southern grandmother is no longer living, but I discover the same joy from my stepmother every time I visit my family in Greece.
I was given a wonderful gift with both of these heritages, and it is an easy one to share. For me, cooking and feeding friends and family are, and will always be, forms of celebration, times to play.
Here are a few of my favorite Southern recipes and a few of my favorite Greek ones.
I hope you enjoy!
Every time I fry chicken I get a few knots in my stomach. A person is judged by her fried chicken in the South— but only politely so, in that quintessential silent way that words not said can be more important than words that are. I agree with Martha Foose, a Southern cook I admire, when she says, “Proper fried chicken takes a long time to master. If you want to make good fried chicken, you must make it often and learn the nuances.” Well said.
Despite this simple dish’s ability to intimidate me every time anew, it is still one of my all-time favorite meals. If forced to choose, I always say my two favorite foods are fried chicken and pâté.
Cook’s note: Don’t let having to cut up a whole chicken deter you from making this dish. Ask your butcher to do it for you or buy your favorite chicken parts.
Serves 4–6
1 (3-pounds) whole chicken, cut up
2 cups unbleached all-purpose flour
Salt and pepper
Dash cayenne pepper
2 cups peanut oil (my preference) or lard
Rinse chicken in warm water. Pat dry with paper towels.
Heat oil in cast-iron skillet on very high heat.
Combine flour, salt, pepper and dash of cayenne pepper in a bowl and mix to combine. Dredge chicken pieces in flour mixture. Set aside for a few minutes while oil comes to temperature.
Dredge chicken pieces a second time in the flour mixture.
Place chicken in the oil and fry for 8–10 minutes per side. Drain on a crumpled brown paper bag or on wire rack.
Fried chicken is good served hot, room temperature, or even cold.
I called her “Grandma” though she always wanted me to call her “Grandmother.” I couldn’t. I was nine years old when she sprang this on me. “Grandmother?” It didn’t fit. “Grandma” fit the way my favorite shirt that I insisted on wearing every day that summer fit— well and worn and familiar. (In this book, for her, in all other places I will refer to her as “Grandmother.”) She remained “Grandma” and chicken and dumplings will always remain the food that conjures her memory like no other. This is not the kind of dish one just whips up in a flash; it takes a little time. It was prepared especially for me every single time I visited— without fail. And I loved it. It was as if Grandmother put her feelings for me inside the broth. In fact, I am certain she did, although I don’t know how.
This is quite a confession I am about to make in print, but I must admit that I do not have my grandmother’s recipe and further that I have never made her chicken and dumplings and never will. I have kept a vigil in deciding never to eat this dish again— until at which point, if there is a heaven, we meet again with her pot of chicken and dumplings on the stove, simmering up just for me.
So I offer you the next best thing:
Viola Mills, a dear, dear woman, who has been at the creamery for over twenty years, is sharing hers with me so that you can enjoy it at home and make it for those that you love.
Serves 8
1 (3¾-pounds) whole chicken
½ teaspoon garlic powder
½ teaspoon dried thyme
2½ teaspoons salt, divided
¾ teaspoon black pepper, divided
1 small onion, chopped
Dumplings
1/8 teaspoon sage
1/8 onion powder
3 cups self-rising flour
1/3 cup shortening
2 teaspoons bacon drippings
1 cup milk
Bring chicken, water to cover, garlic powder, thyme, 1½ teaspoons salt, and ½ teaspoon pepper to a boil in a Dutch oven over medium heat. Cover, reduce heat to medium-low, and simmer 1 hour. Remove chicken; reserve broth.
Cool chicken 30 minutes; skin, bone, and shred chicken. Skim fat from broth. Add chicken, diced onion, and remaining 1 teaspoon salt and ¼ teaspoon pepper to broth. Return to a simmer.
Combine flour, sage, onion powder, and generous sprinkling of salt and pepper in a bowl. Cut in shortening and bacon drippings with a pastry blender until crumbly. Stir in milk. Turn dough out onto a lightly floured surface. Roll to 1/8-inch thickness; cut into 1-inch pieces.
Drop dumplings, a few at a time, into simmering broth, stirring gently.
Cover and simmer, stirring often, 25 minutes.
Marinated Cucumbers and Onions
These were always in a bowl in my grandmother’s fridge. I would just dip my greedy little fingers in the bowl and fish out the cucumbers and onions as a summer snack.
Serves 4
Marinade
4 tablespoons olive oil (although I am certain my
grandmother didn’t use olive oil but it is my go-to oil)
3 tablespoons apple cider vinegar
½ teaspoon kosher salt
¼ teaspoon sugar
Cracked black pepper
Salad
1 large cucumber peeled, sliced into ¼-inch rounds
1 medium sweet onion, cut in half and thinly sliced
In a small mixing bowl combine all marinade ingredients, whisking until well blended.
Gently toss vegetables in the marinade and let them soak for at least 30 minutes or overnight in refrigerator.
Serve as a side to a sandwich or on a lunch buffet.
This is a recipe that I have memorized, one that has been stuck in my head for the longest time, maybe it is even in my blood. It is your basic but brilliant cornbread recipe. You can snazz it up if you care to with chopped onions, or jalapeños, or even cheese, but I prefer it just plain for eating with chili and soups of all kinds or just on its own with lots of hot melted butter dripping off the side.
You have heard it a million times I am sure but it is worth repeating: Nothing beats a good seasoned cast-iron skillet for your cornbread. To get the crispy crust— the best part of the cornbread if you ask me, like the icing on a cake— make sure to thoroughly pre-heat the skillet before pouring in the batter.
Cook’s note: Use leftover cornbread to make large croutons for soups and salads. Cube the bread and brush with melted butter then toast them up nicely in the oven. They are delicious!
Serves 6
1 egg, beaten
2 cups buttermilk
1¾ stone-ground cornmeal
2 teaspoons bacon grease, strained
1 teaspoon baking powder
1 teaspoon baking soda
1 teaspoon salt
Pour the bacon grease in the skillet and swirl to coat the bottom and sides. Put the skillet into a cold oven and preheat to 450 degrees, warming the pan at the same time the oven comes to temperature.
In a mixing bowl combine the buttermilk and egg well. Add the cornmeal and beat it into the batter. Add baking powder, soda, and salt and mix in well.
Remove skillet from oven and pour batter into hot skillet.
Return to oven and bake for 20 minutes or until the top is nice and brown.
Turn the bread out onto a plate and serve with butter.
On my first trip to Greece to spend a summer with my Greek family, my fifteen-year-old self did not make friends with the food. I thought that they had it all wrong.
My Greek stepmother is a Greek goddess sent to earth in mortal form to make sure her brood’s every need is met— but not in a June Cleaver kind of way, as she is just as fiery as any Greek. She tried so hard to please my fickle teenage-American sensibilities with her cooking.
Thinking Americans like eggs and bacon for breakfast, that is what I got, but it was not bacon by my assessment, and the eggs were scrambled all wrong and brown and with the bacon cooked in it.
And it wasn’t just the eggs and bacon that were twisted.
Three weeks into that first trip I thought I might die if I couldn’t have something familiar to eat. My father noted my discontent and told me that if I could just hold on until later in the week we would go to a place, a special place, a few towns over that made a fantastic cheeseburger. He was going well out of his way to please me and I knew it and I also knew that it must indeed be a great place, one schooled in the ways of American fare, as he, true to fashion, had built it up in my mind as the best (a phrase that I now realize accompanied anything that he liked).
Over the next few days, I had dreams of that cheeseburger like a teenage boy might dream of, well, whatever it is that teenage boys dream of.
The day finally came. I remember walking up to the restaurant— a small bar-like place that had a counter where you could order and just a few small tables inside spilling out to more on the sidewalk. The sign outside had the comforting and familiar red and white of my Coca-Cola South, a sign that meant to me at that moment that we had come to the right place.
Alas, when the cheeseburger was delivered there was no familiar orangey cheese melting and spilling outside its bun borders. Yet the fries that I ordered were spilling out! Fries on the burger??!! There were onions, but they were cooked inside the patty ( just like the bacon all mingled inside the eggs).
My heart had already sunk just looking at it after it was delivered. It was not a cheeseburger, and to my limited and very shallow fifteen-year-old-self I was not in paradise.
There were always hushpuppies at my grandmother’s fish fries every summer, and for me they were the highlight of the entire affair. I could have eaten them like popcorn! I still love them so.
Serves 8
Buttermilk Cornbread (see recipe on page 69)
½ cup onion, chopped
1/3 cup unbleached all-purpose flour
Corn oil for frying
Heat oil in deep-fat fryer to 365 degrees. Drop batter by tablespoonfuls into oil and fry until golden brown, roughly 3 minutes.
The Greeks do beginnings very, very well. Mezes are small plates that are brought before a meal, and you can fill a whole table with the selections that are available there.
A small rough place in Preveza, Greece, did them the best. It was a place made colorful by the shouts, hands, and weathered faces of fishermen and other laborers who populated it. Mezes and ouzo were in abundance.
For the ground beef, I sometimes use a mixture of pork and beef, for a very nice result.
My favorite addition to the meatballs is tzatziki, a classic Greek dipping sauce that is served with pita or grilled meats (see recipe following). I now make mine with a little goat cheese, which makes it a bit thicker. I could eat it with a spoon!
Serves 6
Greek Meatballs
1 pound ground beef
1 egg
¼ cup dried breadcrumbs
¼ cup fresh mint, chopped
¼ cup green onions, chopped
1 small garlic clove, finely diced
¼ teaspoon kosher salt
Preheat oven to 475 degrees. In a bowl, combine all ingredients without overmixing; I use my hands. Season with salt and pepper.
Cook’s note : If you like, you can place a tiny ball-shaped piece of meat in a hot skillet to test for correct seasoning.
Form 1½-inch balls from the mixture. Place balls on a wire rack set on top of a baking sheet. (These are more traditional if fried in olive oil on the stove top, but I find that the oven at high heat gives a great crispy texture and saves the messy frying.)
Cook in oven for 10–12 minutes or until done.
Serves 8
6 ounces Greek yogurt, strained
2 ounces goat cheese
½ cup English cucumber, peeled, seeded, and diced
¼ cup lemon juice, freshly squeezed
2 tablespoons fresh dill
1 garlic clove
¼ teaspoon salt
Salt cucumbers and let drain in a colander. (It is amazing how much water the cucumbers will give off, and if you don’t drain them they will make your tzatziki runny.)
When cucumbers are done draining, combine all ingredients in a food processor. Pulse until well blended and there are no oversized cucumber pieces in the mix.
Best if made a couple of hours ahead of time so that flavors can steep. Use leftovers as a sandwich spread.
Saganaki dishes take their name from the pan in which they are made. A sagani is a two-handled pan that is made in many different styles. In the market, look for a small paella pan, cast-iron skillet, or even an oval au gratin dish.
Serve this as an appetizer or part of a larger selection of mezes— small plates. The key to success with this dish is to get the oil hot before frying so it doesn’t smoke.
Serves 6
1 pound cheese, kefalotyri or kasseri (or substitute Pecorino Romano)
½ cup olive oil
2/3 cup all-purpose flour
2–3 lemons, quartered
Cut the cheese into slices or wedges that are ½-inch thick and 2½- to 3-inches wide. Moisten each slice with cold water and dredge in the flour. In a sagani (Greek pan used for this dish) or a small, heavy-bottomed frying pan (cast-iron works best), heat the oil over medium-high heat, and sear each slice in 1 tablespoon of oil until golden-brown on both sides. Serve hot with a last-minute squeeze of fresh lemon juice.
Add ouzo or wine, olives, vegetable mezes, tomatoes, and crusty bread.
Greek Zucchini Fritters— Kolokithokeftedes
A fritter, by definition, is typically made with a batter producing a light and fluffy interior, usually with the aid of baking soda and powder. This recipe is really more a cake or pattie.
In Greece it is typical to have these as part of mezes, but they could very easily be served as a vegetable side dish.
Serves 6
2 medium or large zucchini, coarsely grated
3 tablespoons fresh mint, finely chopped
2 tablespoons fresh dill, finely chopped
½ cup feta cheese, crumbled
4 green onions including green parts, chopped
1 large egg
½ cup all-purpose flour
4 tablespoons Panko breadcrumbs
Sea or kosher salt
Olive oil
Wash zucchini. Leaving skins on, grate them with the coarse side of a grater. Put the grated zucchini in a colander and sprinkle liberally with salt. Let sit and drain for at least 30 minutes while you prepare the other ingredients.
Remove the zucchini by the handful, squeezing to remove as much liquid as you can. Put it in a bowl with herbs, feta, and green onions. Mix with a fork. Add a lightly beaten egg and stir. Add flour and breadcrumbs. The mixture should be wet but not watery. Mix in salt to taste.
Heat olive oil in a pan about 1/8inch deep covering the entire pan. When hot, scoop out spoonfuls of the zucchini mixture and put them in the pan. Let them cook about 3–4 minutes or until brown, and then flip them. Cook another 3–4 minutes until browned. Remove fritters and place on a paper towel-lined plate to remove excess oil.
Serve hot with tzatziki (see recipe on page 73).
One summer after returning from Greece I was so filled with adoration for the simplicity of the Greek salad, I ate it for almost every meal for an entire month. And, yes, finally it happened— I needed a break from my beloved.
I have never met a Greek salad in Greece that was served with lettuce. Traditionally, the salad is only vegetables topped with a generous slice of feta. Part of the beauty of this salad is when it contains the freshest possible tomatoes. I believe that (as my father would say) you can only get the best tomatoes direct from the soil of an Alabama or Greek summer.
Serves 2
1 beautiful vine ripe tomato
½ large English cucumber, peeled
½ red onion, cut in 4 pieces
4 ounces cut of good quality feta (blas phemy, I know, but I love the French feta— and honestly so do a lot of Greeks)
½ cup olive oil
2½ tablespoons red wine vinegar
½ teaspoon dried oregano
Salt and pepper
Combine all ingredients except feta and toss to combine. (I don’t emulsify the dressing; just drizzle on top and then toss— simple and good!)
Put in a pretty bowl, and top with the feta chunk. Add a little extra oregano if you like.
I need to let you know right off the bat that moussaka is not a recipe, it’s an event. Almost a full day event. And preferably an event that you can share with a few close friends in the kitchen to help you get through it cheerfully. I love making this dish best when my sisters are visiting. Actually, we all take turns making it, chiding and bragging that ours is the best, all the while fending off advice from the other two and swatting away menacing hands reaching for the best slices of eggplant.
On second thought, maybe it is best to do it in a kitchen free of distractions!
Tastes even better the next day.
Serves 6
Eggplant
2 large eggplants (about 2¾ pounds), unpeeled and
cut lengthwise into ½-inch slices
½ cup extra-virgin olive oil
Kosher salt and pepper
Meat Sauce
2 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil
½ medium yellow onion, chopped
3 cloves garlic, minced
1 pound ground beef
½ teaspoon dried oregano
1/8 teaspoon allspice, ground
2 whole cloves (remove from sauce before final assembly)
1 teaspoon cinnamon
½ teaspoon kosher salt, plus to taste
Black pepper, freshly ground
1½ cups canned tomatoes, whole, peeled, roughly chopped
Bay leaf
Béchamel
5 tablespoons butter, unsalted
6 tablespoons all-purpose flour
3 cups whole milk, room temperature
1½ teaspoons kosher salt
¼ teaspoon nutmeg
1 large egg
2 large egg yolks
3 tablespoons Gruyère, grated
Salt the eggplant, and slice into half-inch slices. Place the eggplant slices in a colander and salt them liberally. (The salt helps to remove some of the bitterness of the eggplant.) Cover them with an inverted plate, weighed down with a heavy can or jar. Place the colander in the sink so that excess moisture can be drawn out. They will need to sit for at least 15–20 minutes, preferably an hour.
Heat a skillet or griddle. Sauté the eggplant in olive oil until soft, but they are best when their edges are a little crispy. Set aside, covered.
To make the meat sauce, heat the olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add the onion and cook, stirring with a wooden spoon, until lightly browned, about 4 minutes. Add the garlic and cook, stirring frequently, until fragrant, about 1 minute. Add beef, oregano, allspice, cloves, and cinnamon. Break the meat up into small pieces, and season with the ½ teaspoon salt and pepper, to taste. Cook, stirring occasionally, for about 2 minutes. Lower the heat to medium and cook, stirring, until just cooked but still slightly pink inside, about 1 minute. Add the tomatoes and bay leaf and bring to a simmer. Cook until the sauce is thickened and fragrant, about 20 minutes.
For the béchamel, melt the butter in a medium saucepan over medium heat. Whisk in the flour until smooth. Cook, stirring, for 1 minute. Remove pan from heat and add milk, salt, and nutmeg. Return to the heat and, whisking constantly, bring to a boil. Simmer 2 minutes. Transfer the sauce to a bowl and stir to cool. When the sauce is cool, whisk in the egg and yolks.
Assemble the moussaka. Lower the oven to 350 degrees. Lay half of the eggplant in the pan, overlapping the slices if needed. Cover with half of the meat sauce and smooth with a rubber spatula. Repeat with the remaining eggplant and meat sauce. Pour the béchamel over the layered mixture and smooth with a rubber spatula. Sprinkle with the Gruyère and bake, uncovered, until lightly browned and the custard is set, about 1 hour.
Remove the moussaka from the oven and let rest for 10 minutes. Use a slotted spoon or spatula to serve.