Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
AAR. See American Academy of Religion
Absolute Spirit, 106–7
Action: definition of, 385–86; influential approaches to, 386–88; Luhmann and, 388; methodological debates and, 388–89; Parsons and, 387–89; religiosity and, 387; in rituals, 352–53, 356–60, 362n9, 367–73, 377–82, 389; science of, 386; theories of, 385–89; Weber and, 386–87, 389
Actor, 388
Adaptionist approach, 237, 243n6
Affirmation, in indigenous African traditions, 151–52
African American Religious Studies: An Interdisciplinary Anthology (Wilmore), 583–84
African American Religious Thought: An Anthology (West and Glaude), 583–84
African traditions. See Indigenous African traditions
Against Heresies (Irenaeus of Lyons), 9
“Against the Galileans” (Julian the Apostate), 33
Agamben, Giorgio, 500–1
Agency, 385
Albanese, Catherine, 341
Alevis, 167–68
Alienation: in indigenous African traditions, 151–52; Marx on, 127, 130, 283–84
Alston, William, 254–56
Alternate reality, 410
Althaus-Reid, Marcella, 536–37
American Academy of Religion (AAR), 41, 251, 445
Amis, Martin, 136
Analytical philosophy (AP), 249–50
Analytical philosophy of religion (APR): Alston and, 254–56; AP and, 249–50; Christianity and, 249, 251–56; expressions of attitudes and, 256–58; Hick and, 252–54, 256; institutional criterion of, 249–51; oscillation between system and privacy in, 252–55; positivism and, 256–57; professionalization, de-professionalization and, 249–52; RLST and, 249–52, 258; scope of, 249–50; statements of facts and, 256–58; stylistic criterion in, 249–51
Analytical psychology, 222–23
Analytical tradition (AT), 249–51
Ancient Art and Ritual (Harrison), 358
Anderson, Pamela Sue, 258
Anesaki, Masaharu, 89
Animism, 318–21
Anselm, 256
Answer to Job (Jung), 225–26
Anthropological category, religion as, 330
Anthropological humanism, 150–51
Anthropology: comparative, 352, 367; contributions of, 419n1; interpretive, 327–28, 342; philosophical, 151, 215; structural, 261. See also Classical anthropological theories, of religion
Anthropology: An Introduction to Primitive Culture (Goldenweiser), 325
Antwerp Polyglot (Arias Montano), 50
AP. See Analytical philosophy
Apartheid comparative religion: Christianity and, 556–60; defined, 556; Eiselen and, 557–59; heresy and, 556; imperial comparative religion and, 557–58; moving beyond, 559–60; Müller and, 556, 559; race and, 555–60; in South Africa, 555–60; world religions and, 559
Appadurai, A., 616
Appiah, Kwame Anthony, 576
Apps, Urs, 16
APR. See Analytical philosophy of religion
Aquinas, Thomas, 194, 497, 590
Archaeological critique, 489–90
Archaeology of Knowledge, The (Foucault), 489–91
Archaic religion, recovery of, 223–25
Archetypal Actions of Ritual, The (Humphrey and Laidlaw), 372–73
Archetypal dreams, 223
Archetype (AT): Jung and, 221–27, 416; quaternity, 224–25
Argyle, Michael, 196
Arias Montano, Benito, 50
Armour, Ellen, 518
Asad, Talal, 23, 28, 34, 37n28; Geertz criticized by, 227, 330–33, 341; genealogical work of, 59, 117–18, 330, 377; on power, 559; on religion as anthropological category, 330; religion defined by, 327, 330–33; on rituals, 353, 363n27, 371, 377–80; on secularism, 423–24
Asceticism: Nietzsche on, 115, 117; Weber on, 285, 288–89, 605
AT. See Analytical tradition; Archetype
Atheism, 115, 141n1. See also New atheism
Aum Shinrikyo, 92–93
Austin, John L., 351
Awe-inspiring yet fascinating mystery (Mysterium tremendum et fascinans), 213, 215–16, 219n3, 402–3
Ayer, J., 256
Badiou, Alain, 500; Being and Event, 458–60; Kant rejected by, 458; Manifesto for Philosophy, 460; post-Marxism of, 457–66, 468; relativism and, 458–59; Saint Paul, 461, 501
Bailyn, Bernard, 451
Bainbridge, William Sims, 604, 607
Bal, Meike, 521n36
Balthasar, Hans Urs von, 252
Banerjee, Pompa, 517
Barthes, Roland, 276, 344, 499
Barton, Carlin, 27–28
Basinger, David, 255
Bauer, Bruno, 128
Bauman, Zygmunt: “Postmodern Religion?,” 299; social theory of, 297–301, 303–11
Bayle, Pierre, 498
Baylis, J., 617
Bechtel, William, 229
Beck, Ulrich: A God of One’s Own, 298, 305–6, 310; Risk Society, 304; social theory of, 297–98, 303–11
Beginnings in Ritual Studies (Grimes), 352
Being and Event (Badiou), 458–60
Being and Time (Heidegger), 395
Being-in-the-world (Dasein), 396, 398–400
Being shown, in phenomenology, 396–97
Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin, 196
Belief: as data, 241; definition of, 42–43; faith and, 148; lived context of, 250, 252–55, 257–58; religion and, 148–49; right to, 331–32; ritual and, 356–57
Bell, Catherine: on rituals, 352, 354, 368, 371–72, 377–78, 380–81; Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice, 368
Bellah, Robert, 18, 356, 388, 595
Benedictine Rule, 378
Bettelheim, Bruno, 360
“Betwixt and Between” (Turner, V.), 361
Beyond Left and Right: The Future of Radical Politics (Giddens), 301
Bhabha, Homi, 547
Bibelwissenschaft, 49
Bible: afterlives of, 44–45; Cantwell Smith and, 43–46, 49–50, 52; cathartic relief provided by, 525; critique and, 47, 49, 52–53; democracy and, 43; Enlightenment, 48–49; “Higher Criticism of,” 69; integrity of, 49; modernity and, 42, 46–47; New Testament, 69, 225; Old Testament, 50, 225–26; as Other, 41–43, 46–47; religion encountering, 43–47; secularism and, 41–43, 47–53; Smith, J., and, 43–46, 51; study of, 41–53, 55n39; translation of, 174; versions of, 54n9; The Women’s Bible, 511–12
“Bible and Religion, The” (Smith, J.), 43–44
Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, 343
Birth of Tragedy from the Spirit of Music, The (Nietzsche), 289
Black cultural criticism: liberation theology and, 578; new politics of difference and, 574–78; religious criticism and, 573–78
Black Folks: Then and Now (Du Bois), 564
Black religion, 579–84
Black religious studies: ethnography and, 581–82; genealogy of, 579–84; theorizing, 579–84
Black Skin, White Masks (Fanon), 567–68
Bloch, Ernst, 131
Bloch, Maurice, 379, 423, 427, 429
Blondel, Eric, 118
Bodies that Matter: On the Discursive Limits of “Sex” (Butler), 534
Bodily Citations (Butler), 540
Bodily Citations: Religion and Judith Butler (Armour and St. Ville), 518
Bodin, Jean, 449
Body: Christian practices related to, 491–92; as metaphor, 118, 448; in mind-body problem, 229; as natural symbol, 353; techniques, 380
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 138
Book of the City of Ladies, The (Pisan), 509
Border Lines (Boyarin), 27, 32, 38n46
Border thinking, 551–52
Borges, Jorge Luis, 44
Bossy, John, 592
Bourdieu, Pierre: corporal-hexis of, 478n17; habitus and, 353, 373, 380–82, 471–77, 610; James, W., and, 477; Lévi-Strauss and, 353; new directions for, 476–77; Outline of a Theory of Practice, 609; perception and, 472, 474–75, 477; on religion, 471–77, 477n1; ritual and, 352–53, 380–82; social class and, 472, 474–76; sociology of religion and, 471, 476; on symbolic violence, 478n10; theory of practice of, 472–77
Boyarin, Daniel, 27, 32, 38n46, 424, 426, 556
Brain: research, 232; states, 229. See also Cognitive science of religion
Brelich, A., 360
Breuer, Josef, 121
Brhaspati, 10
British cultural studies, 335, 342–43
Brown, Wendy, 5–6
Buddhism: in China, 158–60; Eliade distorting, 418; feeding of monks in, 252–53; in Japan, 87–88, 160n8; media and, 336; as national religion, 78; as world religion, 81
Buell, Denise Kimber, 37n35
Burkert, Walter, 357, 360, 367, 370
Burning Women (Banerjee), 517
Burqa, 139–40
Butler, Judith, 517; Bodies That Matter, 534; Bodily Citations, 540; gender and, 351; queer theory and, 531–32, 534, 540
Cahn, Michael, 442
Cambridge Ritualists, 354, 370–71
Campany, Robert F., 157
Canguilhem, Georges, 196
Cantwell Smith, Wilfred, 23, 27, 34; on dīn, 163–64; phenomenology of religion critiqued by, 421–22, 428, 431nn11–12, 431n14; “The Study of Religion and the Study of the Bible,” 43–46, 49–50, 52
Capitalism: class struggle in, 130; coloniality and, 548–50; critical religion and, 436; post-Marxism and, 457–58, 460–61, 463–68; in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, 17, 284, 287–89, 293, 551–52, 604–5; race and, 565–66, 569–70
Care of the Self, The (Foucault), 492
Carrette, Jeremy, 207, 210, 240, 436, 610, 623
Casanova, José, 91
Caste, 565–66
Caste, Class, and Race (Cox), 565–67
Category, religion as, 43, 85n22, 341; as anthropological category, 330; in China, 155–60; Christianity and, 23–24, 52–53, 431n11; critical religion and, 435–52, 453n4; CSR and, 238; Judaism and, 23–31, 35n7; phenomenology of religion and, 408, 421–30, 432n17, 432n19; as polyphyletic category, 432n19; in Religious Studies, 1, 3–5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14; usefulness of, 440–42. See also Dīn
Catholic Church: Charismatic ritual of, 474–75; in China, 157–59, 160n10; Christian Truth in, 446; critical religion and, 435–36, 446–47; intolerance of, 286; Jung and, 226; liberation theology and, 610; Maduro on, 474–76; pope in, 435; symbolism of, 293, 525; Thirty Years’ War and, 592; Trinity and, 224; as world religion, 79; in world risk society, 305
Cavanaugh, William T., 436, 441
Chakrabarty, Dipesh, 59
Chantepie de la Saussaye, Pierre Daniel, 402–3
Charismatic ritual, 474–75
Chidester, David, 13, 28, 353, 487, 503, 543n35
China: Buddhism in, 158–60; category of religion in, 155–60; Catholic Church in, 157–59, 160n10; Christianity in, 156–59, 160n10, 161n16; communism in, 156, 292; Confucianism in, 81, 155, 157–59, 552; Daoism in, 158; Falungong in, 155; imperial cult in, 292; jiao in, 157–60; Protestantism in, 157–59, 161n16; secularism in, 155–56, 159; Stark and, 601; zongjiao in, 155–60, 160n9
Christ, Carol, 535
Christian, Barbara, 575
Christian Faith, The (Schleiermacher), 194
Christianismos, 26–27
Christianity: APR and, 249, 251–56; body in, 491–92; in China, 156–59, 160n10, 161n16; Christianismos, 26–27; coloniality and, 61–62, 549–50; comparativism and, 77–82, 403, 556–60; critical religion and, 435–38, 440–44, 446–51; Derrida and, 483–84; discursive tradition of, 330–31; Eliade and, 415, 417–18; feminism and, 510–11, 518n2, 525, 527–28, 535–37, 539; Feuerbach on, 105–9, 128; fundamentalism in, 486n20; introspection in, 194–95; invention of, 29; in Japan, 87; Julian the Apostate and, 29–30, 33, 39n53; Jung and, 224–26; media and, 336–37; missionaries of, 156–59; Müller and, 71, 74; nationalism and, 595; Nazi resisters in, 138; new atheism and, 135, 138–39, 141; New Testament and, 69, 225; Nietzsche on, 115–16, 118; orthodoxy in, 32–34, 37n35, 39n50; Other and, 466–67; Otto and, 213, 215–17; Pentecostalism, 307; phenomenology of religion and, 401, 403, 409, 424, 432n28; post-Christianity and, 458, 461–62, 465–67; post-Marxism and, 458–68; queer theory and, 535–37, 539–40; race and, 577, 579–84; before religion, 24–26; religion as category and, 23–24, 52–53, 431n11; religion invented by, 26–27, 33–34, 37n28, 37n35; return of the religious and, 498–502; rituals and, 354, 378; secularity and, 61–66, 285–86; self-consciousness and, 60, 106; self-definition of, 26, 28–29, 31; sociology of religion and, 284–86, 293; in swamp, 27–31; Trinity in, 60, 224; Truth of, 437–38, 441–44, 446–48; universalism and, 12–14, 37n35, 80–82; unsettlement of, 69; world religions and, 78–79, 525. See also Bible; Catholic Church; Protestantism
Christian mystical perceptual practice (CMP), 254
Church and the Second Sex, The (Daly), 513
Church-state, religion encompassing, 449
Civil courts, 448
Cixous, Hélène, 523–24, 528–29
Clark, L. S., 342
Clarke, Samuel, 98
Class: Bourdieu and, 472, 474–76; caste, 565–66; struggle, 130
Classical anthropological theories, of religion: animism in, 318–21; empiricism and, 316–17; evolutionism and, 316–17, 325; of Frazer, 319–22; intellectualist, 317–20, 323; on magic, 318–24; of Malinowski, 324–25; of Marett, 320–22, 325; overview of, 315–16; Protestant Christian perspective of, 318; of religious origins, 316, 323–24; supernaturalism in, 320–25; of Tylor, 317–21
Cleanthes, 98
CMP. See Christian mystical perceptual practice
Codrington, R. H., 321
Co-figuration, schema of, 177–78
Cognitive science of religion (CSR): adaptionist and non-adaptionist approaches in, 237, 243n6; as basis for theory, 229–32, 239; beliefs as data in, 241; conceptual politics of, 240; critical response to, 237–42; early state of research in, 238–39; error theory and, 245n45; levels and mechanisms in, 231–32; as odd science, 238; religion as category and, 238; semantics in, 240–42; universal cognitive processes in, 237, 242n2
Cohn, Bernard, 177
Cole, J. Augustus, 581
Collective unconscious, 221–25, 416
Collectivity: religion as imaginary construction of, 438–40; in rituals, 355–58, 360–61; symbolism and, 292
Collège de France lectures, by Foucault, 488, 492
Coloniality: Americanity and, 547–48, 552; border thinking in, 551–52; capitalism and, 548–50; Christianity and, 61–62, 549–50; contact zone of, 368; defined, 548; feminism and, 511–12; gender and, 552; in Latin America, 474–75, 547–48; modernity and, 547–52; Other and, 368; phenomenology of religion and, 408–9, 425–26, 428–29; of power, 548–49; race and, 548–49; religion and, 70, 408–9, 425, 547–52; Religious Studies and, 70, 408–9; translation and, 65–66, 176–80, 184n17; Western myths of origin and, 8–14; world religions and, 425
Columbus, Christopher, 550
Common-sense perspective, 329, 332
Commonweal, Christian Truth as, 448
Communal religion, 252–53
Communication, mass-mediated, 342–43, 346n37
Communion of Subjects, A: Animals in Religion, Science, and Ethics (Patton and Waldau), 518
Communism, 127, 464, 566; in China, 156, 292; as religion, 137
Comparative anthropology, 352, 367
Comparative linguistics, 71–72
Comparative sociology of religion, 285, 287–90
Comparative theology: Christianity in, 77–82; Enlightenment and, 80; identity crisis in, 83; legacy of, 77–79; neglect of, 77–78, 84n9; pluralism and, 80–82, 85n32; Religious Studies and, 77–83; science of religion’s constitutive other and, 82–83; world religion in, 78–82
Comparativism: Christianity and, 77–82, 403, 556–60; concerns about, 1; emergence of, 498; imperial, 557–58; Müller and, 71–74, 77, 87, 337–38, 556, 559; Otto and, 216–17. See also Apartheid comparative religion
Comte, Auguste, 316
Confessions (Augustine), 194
Conflict of the Faculties, The (Kant), 498
Confucianism: border thinking and, 552; in China, 81, 155, 157–59, 552
Consequences of Modernity, The (Giddens), 301
“Conservation of Races, The” (Du Bois), 563–64
Constitution, U.S., 451–52
Constructivism: in critical theory scholarship, 5–6; Kant and, 4–8, 13; religious violence and, 589, 594–98; structuralism and, 2
Contact zone, colonial, 368
Continental philosophy, return of the religious and, 497–503
“Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right, A” (Marx), 105–6
Conversion, 605–6
Cook, Arthur Bernhard, 370
Cooper, Anna, 511
Copernican turn, 4–8, 11, 13, 550
Cornford, Francis Macdonald, 370
Coronil, Fernando, 547
Corporal-hexis, 478n17
Cosmic centers, 406
Cosmic mythology, 140
Couroi et Courètes (Jeanmaire), 360
Course in General Linguistics (Saussure), 261
Courts, 448
Cowan, John, 510–11
Cox, Oliver Cromwell: Caste, Class, and Race, 565–67; on race and religion, 563, 565–67, 569–70
Crenshaw, Kimberle, 517
Critchley, Simon, 501
Critical religion: capitalism and, 436; Christianity and, 435–38, 440–44, 446–51; church-state encompassed by religion and, 449; constructivism in, 5–6; Copernican turn and, 4–8; enchantment and disenchantment in, 443–44; on God as Father and King, 448–49; ideology of Religious Studies and, 445–46; Islam and, 439; meanings of religion in, 446–51; phenomenology of religion criticized by, 2–3; politics as non-religious and, 449–51; queer theory and, 531–40; religion as category and, 435–52, 453n4; religion as collective imaginary construction and, 438–40; religious as status and, 447; rhetoric and, 442–43; secularism and, 435–42, 443–49, 451–52; as term, 436–38
Critique: archaeological, 489–90; Bible, religion and, 47, 49, 52–53; cultural, 16, 18; debate over, 52; definition of, 52; reflexive, 6–7; secular, 58–66
Critique of Pure Reason, The (Kant), 4–5
Croce, Benedetto, 502
CSR. See Cognitive science of religion
Cultural criticism, 16, 18, 573–74. See also Black cultural criticism
Cultural fulfillment, 574
Cultural phenomenology, 474–75
Cultural studies: British, 335, 342–43; economy and, 610; media, religion and, 335, 337, 341–44; Religious Studies and, 335, 337, 341–44; ritual turn in, 354
Cultural system, religion as, 327–29, 341
Cultures: meaning-value of, 65; of measurement, 196–99; reciprocal influences of, 433n44
Daoism, 158
Daphne, 74
Dasein (being-in-the-world), 396, 398–400
Dauphin, Claudine, 31
Davidson, Donald, 385
Davies, Paul, 140
Davis, Creston, 467–68
Dawkins, Richard, 136–40, 142n3
Day, Matthew, 239–40
Daybreak (Nietzsche), 113–14
Day of Judgment, 164–65
DeBernardi, Jean, 255
De Brosses, Charles, 316
Deconstruction: by Derrida, 397, 481–82; by Heidegger, 396–98; in phenomenology, 397–400
Deleuze, Gilles, 113–14
Deloria, Vine, Jr., 552
Dennett, Daniel C., 136
Deprofessionalization, APR and, 249–52
Derrida, Jacques, 54n36, 67n13, 485n3; Christianity and, 483–84; deconstruction by, 397, 481–82; “Faith and Knowledge,” 179–82; Heidegger influencing, 397; influence of, 468; Kant and, 483; phenomenology and, 397, 399; reception of, 481; on religion, 481–85, 500–1; Specters of Marx, 482; “Theology of Translation,” 179–80; on translation, 179–83; on Wars of Religion, 484
Desacralization: of nature, 274; in post-Marxism, 460–62; in sacrifice, 356
Desecularization, of modernity, 303–6
Determinism, free will vs., 473
Dewey, John, 203
Dialectical idealism, 58, 128–29
Dialectical materialism, 129
Dialectic of the sacred, 406–9
Dialogues concerning Natural Religion (Hume), 98
Diderot, Denis, 286
Difference, politics of, 574–78
Dīn (Islamic category of religion): Alevis and, 167–68; as alternative to Western models of religion, 163–69; Cantwell Smith on, 163–64; historical development of, 164–68; Muhammad and, 165, 168; Qur’ān on, 164–65
Dingwaney, Anuradha, 66
Discipline and Punish (Foucault), 489, 491
Discovering Religious History in the Modern Age (Kippenberg), 353–54
Disenchantment, in critical religion, 443–44
Distinctive features, structural linguistics and, 262–67, 265
Dits et écrits (Foucault), 488
Divided self, 59
Divination, 152–53
“Divine Women” (Irigaray), 526
Division of Labor in Society, The (Durkheim), 355
Dogma: fundamentalism and, 298; Jung defending, 223–24
Dogmatic-confessional theology, 82–83
Doxa, 471
Doxastic practice, 254–55
Doxography, 9
Dreams, archetypal, 223
Drey, J. S., 79–80
Drive inhibition, 124
Du Bois, W. E. B.: Black Folks: Then and Now, 564; “The Conservation of Races,” 563–64; on race and religion, 563–64, 569–70, 581; The Souls of Black Folks, 564
Dubuisson, Daniel, 424–25, 429
Du culte des dieuxfétiches (de Brosses), 316
Dudley, Guilford, 415
Dumézil, Georges, 271, 275–77, 278n11
Dummett, Michael, 249–50
Du Preez, Peter, 191
Durkheim, Emile, 17, 90, 218, 380; The Division of Labor in Society, 355; Kant and, 290–91, 293; Marx and, 604; sociology of religion and, 284, 287, 289–94, 306, 323, 327, 353–59, 369, 371, 378, 430n2, 559. See also Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, The
Dwelling, ethos and, 399–400
Dworkin, Andrea, 514–15
Dynamism, 320
Eagleton, Terry, 500–1
Ecclesiastical courts, 448
Eckhart, Meister, 217
Economic exchange theory, 178–79
Economy: cultural studies and, 610; defined, 601; liberation theology and, 610; Malinowski and, 609; Marx on, 178–79, 602–4, 610; Mauss and, 609; pluralism and, 602; rational choice theory and, 388–89, 477, 601, 605–10; religion and, 601–11; Smith, A., on, 602–7, 611n2; theoretical trends in, 605–10; Weber on, 602, 604–5, 609–10
Ego, 123–25
Eiselen, Werner, 557–59
Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, The (Durkheim): sacré in, 355, 357, 369; sociology of religion and, 284, 290–91, 323, 354–57, 369, 378
Elements of Psychophysics (Fechner), 198
Eliade, Mircea, 83, 218, 226, 271; assessment of, 417–19; Buddhism and, 418; Christianity and, 415, 417–18; criticism of, 418–19; fascism and, 417; on hierophany, 406–9, 415, 418, 477, 479n26; as historian of religion, 414–18; legacy of, 419; major scholarly publications by, 413; myths and, 271, 273–77, 279n31, 360, 416; Nazism and, 417; new humanism of, 413; Patterns in Comparative Religion, 416; phenomenology of religion and, 405–9, 413–19; Sacred and, 406–9, 414–18; Smith, J., and, 418–19; Yoga, 418
Eliot, George, 108
Elm, Susanna, 29
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 203–4
Emotion, collective, 355–57
Empathy, 403
Empire (Hardt and Negri), 64, 464–65
Enchantment, in critical religion, 443–44
Engels, Friedrich, 131
Enlightenment; see European Enlightenment
Enlightenment Bible, 48–49
Enquiry concerning Human Understanding, An (Hume), 97–98, 100
Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals, An (Hume), 100
Epiphanius, 31, 34, 38n40, 38n43
Epistemic privilege, in phenomenology of religion, 409
Epistemology, psychology of religion and, 193–94
Epistemology of the Closet (Sedgwick), 538
Error theory, 245n45
Essai sur la nature et la fonction du sacrifice [Sacrifice: Its Nature and Functions] (Mauss and Hubert), 356–57
Essence of Christianity, The [Wesen des Christentums, Das] (Feuerbach), 105–9, 128
Essentialist thinking, 276
Esser, Hartmut, 389
Ethics: in divination, 152–53; globalization and, 617–18; poverty and, 463
Ethics of Sexual Difference, An (Irigaray), 527
Ethnocentrism, 15, 273–74, 377, 424, 429
Ethnography: Black Religious Studies and, 581–82; contributions of, 419n1; imaginary, 353; purpose of, 139
Eucharist, 431n13
Eurocentrism, 2, 10–11, 139, 310; birth of, 64–65; post-Marxism and, 462
European Enlightenment: Bible and, 48–49; comparative theology and, 80; context of, 97; historicism and, 2; interdisciplinarity and, 4; modernization of modernity and, 301; religion criticized by, 97, 107, 110, 115; Religious Studies and, 2, 4, 9–12, 14, 16–18, 23–24, 28, 36n20, 80, 283–87; return of the religious and, 497–98; science and, 191, 283–87; secularity of, 63; Shinto and, 91; sociology of religion and, 283–87, 293–94
European exceptionalism, 9–11
Evans-Pritchard, E. E., 325, 332
Evolutionism, 316–17, 325, 367
“Exactitude in Science” (Borges), 44
Exceptionalism, European, 9–11
Exclusivist apologetics, 82, 85n34
Existence of God, The (Swinburne), 257
Expressions of attitudes, APR and, 256–58
Facts: religio-historical, 407; social, 291–92; statements of, APR and, 256–58
Faith: belief and, 148; foundational role of, 484; reflecting, 285, 293, 308, 483; symbols demanding, 329
“Faith and Knowledge” (Derrida), 179–82
“Faith and Knowledge: the Two Sources of ‘Religion’ at the Limits of Reason Alone” colloquium, 482–83
Falungong, 155
Fanon, Frantz: Black Skin, White Masks, 567–68; phenomenology and, 568; on race and religion, 563, 567–70, 581
Fascism, 417
Father, God as, 448–49, 525–28
Fechner, G. T., 198
Feminism: Christianity and, 510–11, 518n2, 525, 527–28, 535–37, 539; coloniality and, 511–12; First Wave, 509–12; Fourth Wave, 518; genealogical approach to, 509, 517–18; intersectionality in, 513–14, 517; Islam and, 510; neoliberalism and, 516–17; pornography and, 514–15; queer theory and, 532–36, 538–39; race and, 511–14; Religious Studies approaches of, 1, 509–18, 532–33; Second Wave, 512–16, 532–33; sexuality and, 510, 512–17, 526; spirituality in, 516; standpoint, 521n36; Third Wave, 516–18. See also French feminism
“Feminism, Marxism, Method, and the State: An Agenda for Theory” (MacKinnon), 514
“Feminist Sexuality Debates, The” (Ferguson), 515
Ferguson, Ann, 515
Feuerbach, Ludwig: on Christianity, 105–9, 128; The Essence of Christianity, 105–6, 128; Freud and, 108–9; Hegel and, 106–7, 109, 128–29, 604; humanism of, 151; Lectures on the Essence of Religion, 106; legacy of, 109–10; Marx and, 105–8, 110n12, 128–31; projection theory of, 106, 108–9, 117; on religion, 105–10, 466
Feuerbach and the Interpretation of Religion (Harvey), 109
Field, in Bourdieusian theory, 472–73
Figgis, John Neville, 594
Films, archetypal themes in, 226–27
First Name of God, The (Cixous), 528
First Wave feminism, 509–12
Fischer-Lichte, Erika, 353
Fitzgerald, Timothy, 8, 51, 408–10, 425
Flag, nationalism and, 595–96
Fleck, Ludwig, 197
Flood, Gavin, 409–10
Formalism: Kantian, 458; rituals and, 371–73, 381
Foucault, Michel, 114, 269, 377, 509; The Archaeology of Knowledge, 489–91; The Care of the Self, 492; Collège de France lectures by, 488, 492; critical tools of, 488–89; critique defined by, 52; Discipline and Punish, 489, 491; Dits et écrits, 488; genealogical work of, 59, 118, 490–92, 579; Heidegger influencing, 397; History of Madness, 489; The History of Sexuality Volume 1, 491; influence of, 330, 425, 493; Nietzsche and, 489–91; The Order of Things, 3–4, 487, 489–90; poststructuralism and, 487; on power, 59, 490–91; problematization by, 492–93; reception of, 487; Religious Studies and, 487–93; on sexuality, 488, 491, 537; on spirituality, 492–93; three waves of engagement with, 487–88; The Uses of Pleasure, 492
Foundational violence, 357
Foundations of Modern Political Thought, The (Skinner), 448–49
Fourth Wave feminism, 518
Fox, Jonathan, 438–39
Francis (saint), 464
Frankfurt, Harry, 385
Fraser, Giles, 115
Frazer, James G.: classical anthropological theory of, 319–22; myths and, 274–75, 319–22, 354–55, 363n35, 369–71, 374n28. See also Golden Bough, The
Frazier, E. Franklin, 582–83
Freedom, religious, 428, 433n43
French feminism: of Cixous, 523–24, 528–29; of Irigaray, 523, 526–28; of Kristeva, 523–25; on love, 523–25, 527–28; religion and, 523–28
Freud, Sigmund, 198, 277, 569; on ego, 123–25; Feuerbach and, 108–9; The Future of an Illusion, 109, 525; historian of religions and, 414, 416; The Interpretation of Dreams, 122–23; on Judaism, 124; Jung and, 221–26; life and thought of, 121; Marx and, 122; Nietzsche and, 117, 122; psychology of religion and, 221–26; on reality testing, 122–24; on religion, 121–26, 322; ritual theory and, 358; self-consciousness and, 121; Studies on Hysteria, 121; Totem and Taboo, 358; yearning for transcendence and, 126
Fries, Jakob Friedrich, 214–15
Fromm, E., 193
Frontier zones, 557–58
“Fucking Straight and the Gospel of Radical Equality” (Isherwood), 536
Fulfillment theology, 77, 82, 85n34
Functional structural linguistics, 261
Fundamentalism: dogma and, 298; origin of, 486n20; of Pentecostalism, 307; in social theory, 298, 300, 303–5, 307–9; violence of, 484
Furuno Kiyoto, 90
Future of an Illusion, The (Freud), 109, 525
Future of Hegel, The (Malabou), 58
Geertz, Clifford, 14, 37n28, 149, 432n20, 573; Asad critiquing, 227, 330–33, 341; interpretive anthropology of, 327–28, 342; on religion as cultural system, 327–29, 341; religion defined by, 327–33, 477, 479n26; rituals and, 353, 372, 378; on theology, 331; Weber influencing, 327
Gellner, David, 442
Gender: Butler and, 351; coloniality and, 552; God and, 481–82, 523, 525–26, 539; translation and, 184n17
Genealogical approach: of Asad, 59, 117–18, 330, 377; to Black Religious Studies, 579–84; to feminism, 509, 517–18; of Foucault, 59, 118, 490–92, 579; Nietzsche and, 116–18, 490; to rituals, 377–79
General Introduction to the Science of Religion (Anesaki), 89
Generalized translation, 65–66, 67n13
Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact (Fleck), 197
Giddens, Anthony, 297–98, 301–11, 616
Gill, Sam, 418–19
Gillen, F. J., 291
Glaude, Eddie S., 583–84
Globalatinization (mondialatinisation), 182–83, 483
Globalization: beneficiaries of, 66; complexity of, 613; as contested category, 613–15; disciplining, 615–17; ethics and, 617–18; of heartlessness, 132–33; models of, 618–23; modernity and, 300–1, 304–5, 308–10; neoliberalism and, 616–17, 619–21; plurality and, 623; religion and, 613–23; resistance to, 617; technology in, 616; world religions and, 619–23
Globalization of World Politics, The (Baylis, Smith, S., and Owens), 617
Global religions, 620–21
Global “World Religions” Model, 619–21
Glocalization, 615–16
God: death of, 3–4, 114, 293, 524–25; as Father, 448–49, 525–28; gender and, 481–82, 523, 525–26, 539; generic notion of, 251–52; as King, 448–49; love of, 464; as misrecognized human species-being, 105; phallus and, 481–82
God Delusion, The (Dawkins), 136
Goddess, 516
God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything (Hitchens), 136
God of One’s Own, A (Beck), 298, 305–6, 310
God’s Phallus and Other Problems for Men and Monotheism (Schwartz), 539–40
Godwyn, Thomas, 50–51
Goffman, Erving, 352
Goldberg, Arthur, 597
Golden Bough, The (Frazer): foreword to, 363n35, 374n28; myths in, 319–20, 354–55, 363n35, 369–70, 374n28
Goldenweiser, Alexander, 325
Goldman, Emma, 510
Gombrich, Richard, 252
Good, J. M. M., 442
Gramsci, Antonio, 131, 343, 499
Gregory Nazianzen, 29–30
Griffiths, R. Marie, 537
Grimes, Ronald, 352
Guthrie, Stewart E., 239
Haas, Andrew, 3
Habitus: Bourdieu and, 353, 373, 380–82, 471–77, 610; defined, 472; fields and, 472–73; perception and, 475
Hall, Stuart, 342–43
Halperin, David, 537
Hamdi, Elmalılı Muhammed, 169
Handbook of Experimental Psychology (Stevens), 198
Hanegraaf, Wouter, 17
Hardt, Michael, 64, 464–65, 617
Hare, R. M., 256
Harlan, John Marshall, II, 597
Harrison, Jane Ellen, 354, 359–60, 370
Harvey, Van, 109
Hayek, Friedrich, 616
Hayes, Carlton, 595–96
Heartlessness, Marx and, 131–33
Hegel, G. W. F., 395, 466; dialectical process of, 58; Feuerbach and, 106–7, 109, 128–29, 604; historical difference and, 59–60, 65; impact of, 57–58; Kant and, 60; Lectures on the Philosophy of History, 63; Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, 63, 284, 316; Marx and, 57, 105–6, 127–30, 132, 179, 283, 604; Müller and, 71–72; Phenomenology of Spirit, 60; religion-making and, 66; renewed interest in, 57–58; schema of, 59–60, 63–65, 68n33, 174; secularity and, 57–64, 66; on self-consciousness, 59–60, 106–7; transcendental apparatus of, 62–65; Western imaginary and, 59–62
Hegemony and Socialist Strategy (Laclau and Mouffe), 462
Heidegger, Martin, 58, 250; Being and Time, 395; Dasein and, 396, 398–400; deconstruction by, 396–98; Husserl differing from, 398; influence of, 396–98; Nietzsche influencing, 113; phenomenology and, 395–99; What Is Called Thinking, 531
Heiler, Friedrich, 82–83, 85n32
Hellenism, 27, 29–31, 33, 39n53
Hennis, Wilhelm, 288
Henotheism, 72
Herder, Johann Gottfried von, 71, 564, 569
Heresies: apartheid comparative religion and, 556; Epiphanius on, 31, 38n43
Herskovits, Melville, 582–83
Heuristic, 148
Hick, John, 85n34; APR and, 252–54, 256; An Interpretation of Religion, 252; Kant and, 253
Hierophany, 406–9, 415, 418, 477, 479n26
“Higher Criticism of the Bible,” 69
Hinduism: Mahâbhârata in, 276; Otto and, 219n4; Ramayana of, 337; Rig-Veda of, 70, 72, 338–40; translation and, 176–78; as world religion, 81
Hirsch, Emil, 81
Historian of religion, 414–18
Historical consciousness, 10, 58–61, 63, 66, 580
Historical difference, 59–60, 65
Historicism, 2, 63, 65, 269, 604
History: of media and religion, 336–37; psychology of religion and, 193–94; of Religious Studies, 2, 4, 7–17
History of Madness (Foucault), 489
History of Sexuality Volume 1, The (Foucault), 491
Hitchens, Christopher, 136, 138
Hollywood, Amy, 500
Holy: as complex category, 215–16; idea of, 213–16, 218, 219n4, 402; meaning of, 215, 219n1
Holy Spirit, 467
Homo Necans (Burkert), 357
Homo religiosus, 415–16
Hooke, Samuel Henry, 371
Hopkins, Dwight, 622
Howard, Michael, 594
How to do Things with Words (Austin), 351
Humanism: anthropological, 150–51; of Eliade, 413; of Feuerbach, 151; of Nietzsche, 151
Human suffering, religion and, 127, 130–32, 288
Hume, David: context of, 97; Dialogues concerning Natural Religion, 98; An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding, 97–98, 100; An Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals, 100; Kant and, 272; The Natural History of Religion, 62, 97–98, 100–2; “Of the Immortality of the Soul,” 99–100; “On Miracles,” 99; pluralism and, 62; on religion, 62, 97–102, 286; Treatise of Human Nature, 97–100
Humphrey, Caroline, 372–73, 380–81, 389
Huntington, Samuel, Jr., 17, 617–18
Husserl, Edmund: Heidegger differing from, 398; phenomenology and, 395–99, 401, 404, 408–9; van der Leeuw and, 401, 404
Huxley, Thomas, 69
Hysterics, 123
Iannaccone, Laurence, 606–8
Ideal myths, 270
Idea of the Holy, The (Otto), 213–16, 219n4, 402
Identity: immortality and, 100; race and, 567; religious, 23, 27, 29–31, 35n7, 37n35; translation and, 175
Ideology, of Religious Studies, 445–46
I Love to You (Irigaray), 527
Imaginary ethnography, 353
Imagining Religion (Smith, J.), 7–8, 421, 423
Immortality, 99–100
Imperial comparative religion, 557–58
India: caste in, 565–66; Religious Studies in, 9–10; translation in, 176–79
India’s Religion of Grace and Christianity (Otto), 217
Indigenous African traditions: affirmation in, 151–52; alienation in, 151–52; anthropological humanism of, 150–51; divination in, 152–53; fetishism and, 566; as models for theorizing religion, 147–53; otherness of, 148–50; secularity and, 149, 153n10; social aspects of, 150–51
Individualization, in social theory, 298, 300–310
Infinity, in transcendentalism, 462–63
Ingle, David, 595–96
Initiation complex, 359–62
In Memory of Her (Schüssler-Fiorenza), 513
Inoculation, 344
Intellectualist anthropological theories, 317–20, 323
Intentionality, 385
Interdisciplinarity, 3–4, 523–24
Internationalization, 617
Interpretation of Dreams, The (Freud), 122–23
Interpretation of Religion, An (Hick), 252
Interpretative sociology (Verstehendesociologie), 287–88, 386
Interpretive anthropology, 327–28, 342
Interracial love, 567
Intersectionality, 513–14, 517
In the Beginning Was Love (Kristeva), 525
Introduction to the History of Religion (Jevons), 323
Introduction to the Science of Religion (Müller), 71, 77
Introspection, in psychology of religion, 194–95
Invention Of World Religions, The (Masuzawa), 535
Ioudaismos, 24–27
Irigaray, Luce, 517; “Divine Women,” 526; An Ethics of Sexual Difference, 527; French feminism of, 523, 526–28; I Love to You, 527; return of the religious and, 502–3; Speculum of the Other Woman, 526–27; This Sex Which is Not One, 526–27
Isherwood, Lisa, 536
Islam, 431n11; burqa in, 139–40; critical religion and, 439; deculturation of, 309; as discursive tradition, 332–33; feminism and, 510; Muhammad in, 165, 168; as national religion, 78; new atheism and, 135–36, 139–40; translation and, 176–77; violence and, 597–98; world religions and, 81, 169. See also Dīn
Jainism, 372–73
Jakobsen, Janet R., 540n4
Jakobson, Roman, 261–62, 264, 272
James, William, 7, 89, 138, 217, 237, 395; Bourdieu and, 477; as critical philosopher, 206–10; introduction to, 203–4; metaphysics and, 204, 206–8, 210; on mysticism, 205; pluralism and, 206–10; A Pluralistic Universe, 204, 207, 210; Pragmatism, 203–4, 207; pragmatism of, 203, 205–9, 292; The Principles of Psychology, 203–4, 207; psychology of religion and, 192, 198; reception of, 204–6; Religious Studies and, 203–10; re-reading, value of, 210; The Varieties of Religious Experience, 203–9, 292; The Will to Believe, 204–5, 208
Japan: Buddhism in, 87–88, 160n8; Christianity in, 87; modern, 87–93; secularism in, 89, 92; shūkyō in, 87, 90, 156–57, 160n9. See also Shinto
Jeanmaire, H., 360
Jevons, Frank Byron, 323
Jiao (religion), 157–60, 161n11
Jones, Ernest, 126
Jones, William, 338
Jordan, Mark, 536–38
Josephus, 37n31
Josephus, 50
Judaism: category of, 23–31, 35n7; Freud on, 124; invention of, 26–27, 33–34; Mason on, 24–27, 32; new atheism and, 137–38; nominalist, 24–25, 30; orthodoxy in, 32–33, 37n35, 39n50; as other, 34; Otto and, 217; post-Marxism and, 468; queer theory and, 539–40; rabbinic, 32–33; before religion, 24–26; Temple in Jerusalem of, 39n53; universalism of, 37n35; as world religion, 81; Yahadut and, 35n6
Juergensmeyer, Mark, 439, 620–22
Julian the Apostate, 29–30, 33–34, 39n53
Jung, Carl: Answer to Job, 225–26; archetypes and, 221–25, 416; Christianity and, 224–26; collective unconscious and, 221–25, 416; dogma defended by, 223–24; Freud and, 221–26; influence of, 226–27; introduction to, 221–22; Lévi-Strauss and, 226; Memories, Dreams, Reflections, 222–24; mythology and, 221–22, 225; psychology of religion and, 198, 221–27; recovery of archaic religion and, 224–25; Symbols of Transformation, 221–23
Kang Youwei, 159–60
Kant, Immanuel: Badiou rejecting, 458; The Conflict of the Faculties, 498; constructivism and, 4–8, 14; on Copernican turn, 4–5; The Critique of Pure Reason, 4–5; Derrida and, 483; Durkheim and, 290–91, 293; Hegel and, 60; Hick and, 253; Hume and, 272; Malcolm and, 256; measurement and, 198, 199; Otto influenced by, 216; Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason, 283–85, 483; schema of, 59, 174
KatōGenchi, 89–90
Keane, Webb, 423
Kendler, Howard, 191
Keynesian free market economic model, 516–17, 520n33
Khondker, H. H., 616
King, God as, 448–49
King, John H., 320
King, Martin Luther, 138
King, Richard, 48, 54n36, 117, 621, 623; Orientalism and Religion, 552; Selling Spirituality, 436, 610
King, Ursula, 532
Kingdom of God and the Son of Man, The (Otto), 217
Kirk, Geoffrey Stephen, 367
Kishimoto, Hideo, 92
Kluckhohn, Clyde, 371
Kolakowski, Leszek, 300
Köpping, Klaus-Peter, 373
Kouretes, 359–60
Kramer, Fritz, 353
Kristensen, W. Brede, 403–4, 407
Kristeva, Julia, 500, 517; In the Beginning Was Love, 525; French feminism of, 523–25; New Maladies of the Soul, 525; “Stabat Mater,” 524–25
Kuenen, Abraham, 51
Kuhn, Thomas, 84n9
Labor, 129
Lacan, Jacques, 180–81, 481, 524–25, 526, 567
Laidlaw, James, 372–73, 380–81, 389
Lamothe, Kimerer, 118
Language: game, of religion, 7, 9, 11; Saussure on, 261–62; of western metaphysics, 481–82. See also Linguistics
Last Day, 164–65
Latin America: coloniality in, 474–75, 547–48; Maduro and, 474–76; second Reformation in, 307
Latour, Bruno, 12
Lawson, E. Thomas, 231, 237, 239, 241
Le Boulluec, Alain, 32
“Lectures on Religion” (Wittgenstein), 257–58
Lectures on the Essence of Religion (Feuerbach), 106
Lectures on the Philosophy of History (Hegel), 63
Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion (Hegel), 63, 284, 316
Lectures on the Religion of the Semites (Robertson Smith), 323, 354, 368–69
Left Hegelians, 57
Legaspi, Michael C., 49–50
Letter Concerning Toleration, A (Locke), 450
Leuba, James, 192
Levinas, Emmanuel, 468, 499, 501
Levinson, Henry, 208
Lévi-Strauss, Claude: Bourdieu and, 353; Jung and, 226; myths and, 261, 263–67, 271–73, 275–77; structural linguistics and, 226, 261–67, 265, 272
Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien, 323–24
Liar’s Paradox, 266
Liberal-ecumenical theology, 83
Liberalism, 58, 79–80, 436, 498–99
Liberation theology, 132, 252, 288; Black, 578; economy and, 610; post-Marxism differing from, 466
Life of Jesus (Strauss), 106–7, 128
Limberis, Vasiliki, 29, 36n21, 37n28
Lincoln, Bruce, 428
Linguistics, 71–72, 218, 338, 351. See also Structural linguistics
Liquid church, 307
Liquid modernity, 299–300
Lisdorf, Anders, 239
Liu, Lydia, 178–79
Local Histories/Global Designs: Coloniality, Subaltern Knowledges, and Border Thinking (Mignolo), 551–52
Locke, John, 194, 442, 450–51, 590–91
Lofland, John, 606
Lorde, Audre, 514
Love: French feminism on, 523–25, 527–28; of God, 464; interracial, 567; in post-Marxism, 463–64, 467
Love the Sin: Sexual Regulations and the Limits of Religious Tolerance (Jakobsen and Pellegrini), 540n4
Lowie, Robert, 322
Luhmann, Niklas, 388
Luther, Martin, 59
Luxemburg, Rosa, 131
Mably, Gabriel Bonnot de, 286
Mackie, J. L., 245n45
MacKinnon, Catharine, 514–15
Maduro, Otto, 474–76
“Magic, Science, and Religion” (Malinowski), 324
Mahâbhârata, 276
Making of Religion, The (Lang), 318
Malabou, Catharine, 58
Malcolm, Norman, 256
Malinowski, Bronislaw: classical anthropological theory of, 324–25; economy and, 609; “Magic, Science, and Religion,” 324; myths and, 279n38, 371
Mallarmé, Stéphane, 270
Mana, 321–23
Mandair, Arvind Pal, 439
Manifesto for Philosophy (Badiou), 460
Mannhardt, Wilhelm: myths and, 274, 276, 278n11, 354, 363n35, 367, 369; rituals and, 274, 276, 354, 363n35, 367, 369
Mapping Gender (Penner and Vander Stichele), 518
Martin, Bernice, 307
Martin, W. A. P., 158
Marvin, Carolyn, 595–96
Marx, Karl, 42, 65; on alienation, 127, 130, 283–84; “A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right. Introduction,” 105–6; Durkheim and, 604; on economy, 178–79, 602–4, 610; Feuerbach and, 105–8, 110n12, 128–31; Freud and, 122; heartlessness and, 131–33; Hegel and, 57, 105–6, 127–30, 132, 179, 283, 604; modernization of, 462; overview of, 127; post-Marxism and, 457, 460–62; race and, 564, 566–70; on religion, 105–8, 114, 127–33, 133n1, 283–84, 457, 501, 603–4; “Towards a Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right,” 127
Marx Beyond Marx (Negri), 462
Mass-mediated communication, 342–43, 346n37
Masuzawa, Tomoko, 15, 77–78, 425, 535, 621
Mauss, Marcel, 284, 322–23; economy and, 609; Essai sur la nature et la fonction du sacrifice, 356–57; The Gift, 357, 609; Primitive Classification, 290–91; “Techniques of the Body,” 380
McCauley, Robert N., 231, 237, 239, 241
McClung, Nellie, 511–12
McGushin, E. F., 493
McKinnon, Andrew, 132
McKown, Delos B., 133n1
McManus, Sheila, 519n15
“Meaninglessness of Ritual, The” (Staal), 372
Meaning-making, 342
Meaning-value, of cultures, 65
“Meaning-Value and the Political Economy” (Liu), 178–79
Measurement: cultures of, 196–99; introspection and, 194–95; Kant and, 197, 199; in psychology of religion, 194–99
Measurement in Psychology (Michell), 197
Media, Müller and, 337–42, 344
Media, religion and: cultural studies and, 335, 337, 341–44; distortion of, 339–40, 342–44; field of, 335–37, 341–44; history of, 336–37; mass-mediated communication and, 342–43, 346n37; meaning-making in, 342; Müller and, 337–42, 344; preferred meaning in, 343–44
Mellor, Phillip, 308
Mémoire sur le système primitif des voyelles dans les languesindoeuropéennes [Treatise on the Primitive System of Vowels in Indo-European Languages] (Saussure), 261–62
Memories, Dreams, Reflections (Jung), 222–24
Metaphysics: James, W., and, 204, 206–8, 210; psychology and, 191–92; western, text of, 481–82
Michaelis, Johann David, 51
Michell, Joel, 196–99
Midgley, Mary, 140
Mignolo, Walter, 551–52
Milbank, John, 500
Millenarianism, 580–81
Mind-body problem, 229
Miracles, 99
Mishna (rabbinic Judaism), 32–33
Missionaries, 156–59
M’Lennan, J. F., 323
Modernity: Bible and, 42, 46–47; collective symbolism in, 292; coloniality and, 547–52; debate over, 52; desecularized, 303–6; first, 297–98, 304; globalization and, 300–1, 304–5, 308–10; liquid, 299–300; modernization of, 298, 301, 304–7; other and, 17; performative turn of, 352–53, 361; postcolonial theory and, 547; reflexivity of, 301–6; religion and, 17–18, 41–42, 63, 547–52; risk in, 302–6, 308, 311; ritual turn and, 354; science and, 304–5; second, 297–301, 303–4, 306–10; secularity and, 41–42, 63, 413, 605; social theory analyzing, 297–311; trust in, 302; two appearances of, 64
Modernization: of Marx, 462; of modernity, 298, 301, 304–7
Mondialatinisation (globalatinization), 182–83, 483
Monks, feeding of, 252–53
Monolingualism, 176
Monotheism, 65, 101, 182–83, 286, 319
Moraga, Cheris, 514
Moral community, 292
Morality: in divination, 152–53; religion distinct from, 88–89, 91–92, 283
Morgan, David, 341
Morley, David, 342–44
Moses and Aaron: Civil and Ecclesiastical Rites, Used by the Ancient Hebrewes (Godwyn), 50–51
“Mother of All Burkas, The” (Dawkins), 139–40
Mrs. Banks (fictional character), 510, 519n8
Müller, Friedrich Max, 7–8, 18, 43, 319; biography of, 70; Christianity and, 71, 74; comparativism and, 71–74, 77, 87, 337–38, 556, 559; critical evaluation of, 74; Hegel and, 71–72; Introduction to the Science of Religion, 71; media and, 337–42, 344; mythology and, 73–74; on sacred books, 337–39; science of religion and, 69–74, 316, 337–40
Multiple realizability, 229, 232
Multitude (Negri and Hardt), 464
Murphy, Tim, 117
Murray, Gilbert, 370
Murray, Peter, 117–18
Murray, W. E., 616
Mysterium tremendum et fascinans (awe-inspiring yet fascinating mystery), 213, 215–16, 219n3, 402–3
Mysticism: CMP, 254; James, W., on, 205; numinous and, 218; Weber on, 285
Mysticism East and West (Otto), 217
Myth and Ritual School, 371
Mythification, racism and, 276
Myth: Its Meaning and Functions in Ancient and Other Cultures (Kirk), 367
Mythology and Monuments of Ancient Athens (Harrison), 370
Myth-ritual approach: classic ritual theories and, 357–60; debate over, 367–73; emergence of, 367–68
Myths: cosmic, 140; definition of, 269; Dumézil and, 271, 275–77, 278n11; Eliade and, 271, 273–77, 279n31, 360, 416; Frazer and, 274–75, 319–22, 354–55, 363n35, 369–71, 374n28; ideal, 270; Jung and, 221–22, 225; Lévi-Strauss and, 261, 263–67, 271–73, 275–77; Malinowski and, 279n38, 371; Mannhardt and, 274, 276, 278n11, 354, 363n35, 367, 369; Müller and, 73–74; in new atheism, 140–41; of origin, 8–14, 269–70, 273, 275–77; overview of, 269–77; primitive, 270–73, 278n9; scientific, 358; self-nature of, 277, 279n39; structural linguistics and, 263–66; theories of, 270–77; Tylor and, 356, 367–68
Myths of the Negro Past (Herskovits), 582–83
NABI. See National Association of Bible Instructors
Narrative approach, 410
Nasafī, ‘Azīz-i, 167
National Association of Bible Instructors (NABI), 41
Nationalism: flag and, 595–96; nations invented by, 442; as religion, 595–97; violence and, 595–98
National religion, 78–82, 85n32
Natural History of Religion, The (Hume), 62, 97–98, 100–2
Naturalism and Religion (Otto), 214
Natural religion, 53, 79–80, 97–102
Natural Symbols: Exploration in Cosmology (Douglas), 353
Nature: desacralization of, 274; symbols in, 416
Nature Myth School, 73
Nazism: Barthes and, 276; Eliade and, 417; resisters of, 138
Nedostup, Rebecca, 156
Negri, Antonio, 617; Empire, 64, 464–65; Marx Beyond Marx, 462; Multitude, 464; post-Marxism of, 457–58, 462–66, 468
Neoliberalism: feminism and, 516–17; globalization and, 616–17, 619–21
Neuro-physiological work, 237
New Age spirituality, 303
New atheism: Christianity and, 135, 138–39, 141; Dawkins in, 136–40, 142n3; defined, 135; Islam and, 135–36, 139–40; Judaism and, 137–38; myths in, 140–41; “religion” in writings of, 135–41; science in, 136, 139–41; symbols in, 140–41
New Maladies of the Soul (Kristeva), 525
Niemoller, Martin, 138
Nietzsche, Friedrich: on ascetic ideal, 115, 117; The Birth of Tragedy from the Spirit of Music, 289; body as metaphor in, 118; on Christianity, 115–16, 118; collective unconscious and, 225; Daybreak, 113–14; Dionysus and, 115–18; Foucault and, 489–91; Freud and, 117, 122; genealogical method and, 116–18, 490; humanism of, 151; influence of, 113–14, 116–17; On the Genealogy of Morals, 113–16; on religion, 114–18; Religious Studies and, 116–18; Weber and, 288, 293; works of, 113
Nietzsche and Philosophy (Deleuze), 113–14
Non-adaptionist approach, 237, 243n6
Non-religion (wujiao), 159–60
Normative cognition model, 242n3
Objective studies, 191
O’Farrell, Clare, 488
“Of the Immortality of the Soul” (Hume), 99–100
“On Miracles” (Hume), 99
On Religion: Speeches to Its Cultured Despisers (Schleiermacher), 79–80
On the Genealogy of Morals (Nietzsche), 113–16
On the Trinity (Augustine), 194
Ontotheology, 63–64
“Open Letter to Mary Daly” (Lorde), 514
Order of Things, The (Foucault), 3–4, 487, 489–90
Orientalism, 176–77, 547–49, 552
Orientalism and Religion: Post-Colonial Theory, India, and “the Mystic East” (King, R.), 552
Original and Institution of Civil Government, The (Hoadly), 451
Original documents, 337–38
Origin of Civilization and the Primitive Condition of Man (Lubbock), 316, 557
Origin of Species (Darwin), 69
Origin of the Idea of God, The (Schmidt), 319
Orthodoxy: in Christianity, 32–34, 37n35, 39n50; in Judaism, 32–33, 37n35, 39n50; as neutral term, 39n50; Radical, 500
Other: Bible as, 41–43, 46–47; Christianity and, 466–67; coloniality and, 368; Dionysus and, 117; heretic as, 34, 36n21; historical difference and, 59–60, 65; indigenous African traditions and, 148–50; inoculation and, 344; Judaism as, 34; modernity and, 17; new politics of difference and, 576; politics of, 3; post-Marxism and, 466–67; postmodern sensitivity to, 299; religion’s, science of, 82–83; Western imaginary and, 59–62, 64
Otto, Rudolf, 83, 273; as apologist for religion, 214–15; Christianity and, 213, 215–17; comparativism and, 216–17; Hinduism and, 219n4; The Idea of the Holy, 213–16, 219n4, 402; India’s Religion of Grace and Christianity, 217; introduction to, 213–14; Judaism and, 217; Kant influencing, 216; The Kingdom of God and the Son of Man, 217; Mysticism East and West, 217; Naturalism and Religion, 214; on numinous, 213, 215–18; phenomenology of religion and, 402–3, 409; The Philosophy of Religion, 214–15; psychology and, 215–16; reception of, 217–19; Religious Studies and, 217–18; Schleiermacher influencing, 214–15
Outline of a Theory of Practice (Bourdieu), 609
Owen, Wilfred, 595
Owens, P., 617
Oxenstierna, Axel, 592
Paganism, 28–29, 31, 36n26, 37n35, 38n40
Paides e Partheno I (Brelich), 360
Pan-African millenarianism, 580–81
Park, Robert E., 582–83
Parmenides, 261
Parsons, Talcott, 291, 327, 387–89
Pascale, Blaise, 251–52
Patterns in Comparative Religion (Eliade), 416
Patton, Kim, 518
Paul (saint), 461–62, 464, 501
PC. See Principle of credulity
Peirce, Charles Sanders, 203–4, 395
Pellegrini, Ann, 540n4
Penner, Todd, 518
Perceiving God (Alston), 254
Perception, Bourdieu and, 472, 474–75, 477
Performance: of magic, 352–53; rituals as, 351–53, 355–56, 359–62, 370–73, 389
Performative turn, 352–53, 361
Phallus, God and, 481–82
Phänomenologie der Religion [Religion in Essence and Manifestation] (Van der Leeuw), 404
Phenomenology: cultural, 474–75; Dasein in, 396, 398–400; deconstruction in, 397–400; Derrida and, 397, 399; Fanon and, 568; Heidegger and, 395–99; Husserl and, 395–99, 401, 404, 408–9; life-world in, 398, 400; lineage of, 399–400; motto of, 397–98; philosophical background of, 395–401; showing and being shown in, 396–97; transcendence in, 410
Phenomenology of religion: Cantwell Smith on, 421–22, 428, 431nn11–12, 431n14; Chantepie de la Saussaye and, 402–3; Christianity and, 401, 403, 409, 424, 432n28; coloniality and, 408–9, 425–26, 428–29; critical responses to, 2–3, 408–9, 421–30; Dubuisson on, 424–25, 429; early historical background of, 401–3; Eliade and, 405–9, 413–19; epistemic privilege in, 409; ethnocentrism in, 424; Eucharist and, 431n13; Husserl influencing, 401; Kristensen and, 403–4; methodology of, 404–5, 407; modified, 409–11; motivation beneath, 409; Otto and, 402–3, 409; philosophical background of, 395–401; religion as category and, 408, 421–30, 432n17, 432n19; sacred and profane in, 406–7; secularism and, 413, 416–17, 421, 423–24, 426–27; Smith, J., on, 421–24, 429–30, 431n12, 434n47, 434n50, 434n52; theology and, 401, 408–9; Tiele and, 401–3; Van der Leeuw and, 401, 404–5, 407, 409; as western creation, 408–9, 421–29
Phenomenology of Spirit (Hegel), 60
Philo, 98–99
Philosophical anthropology, 151, 215
Philosophy, return of the religious and, 497–503
Philosophy of Religion (Anderson), 258
Philosophy of Religion, The (Otto), 214–15
Phoibos Apollo, 73–74
Phonemes, 262–65
Pisan, Christine de, 509, 519n4
“Place of Christianity among the World Religions, The” (Troeltsch), 80–81
Plantinga, Alvin, 256–57
Pluralism: comparative theology and, 80–82, 85n32; economy and, 602; globalization and, 623; James, W., and, 206–10; remaking of, 62–66
Pluralistic Universe, A (James, W.), 204, 207, 210
Polanyi, Karl, 617
Politics: of CSR, 240; of difference, 574–78; love in, 463–64; as non-religious, 449–51; of other, 3; psychology and, 192–93; religion and, 87–89; science and, 192–93
Polyphyletic category, 432n19
Pope, 435
Pornography, 514–15
Positivism, 191, 209, 256–57, 288
Post-Christianity, 458, 461–62, 465–67
Postcolonial theory, 59, 149, 409, 517, 547, 552
Postfeminism, 518
Posthumanism, 518
Post-Marxism: of Badiou, 457–66, 468; capitalism and, 457–58, 460–61, 463–68; Christianity and, 458–68; defined, 457–58, 468n2; desacralization in, 460–62; Eurocentrism and, 462; Judaism and, 468; liberation theology differing from, 466; love in, 463–64, 467; Marx and, 457, 460–62; of Negri, 457–58, 462–66, 468; Other and, 466–67; religion and, 457–68; socialism and, 467–68; of Žižek, 457–58, 465–68
Postmodernism, 218, 297, 299–300, 500
“Postmodern Religion?” (Bauman), 299
Potter, David, 594
Poverty, 463–64
Power: Asad on, 559; coloniality of, 548–49; Foucault on, 59, 490–91
Pragmatism (James, W.), 203–4, 207
Prague Linguistic Circle, 261
Pre-animism, 321
Preferred meaning, 343–44
Primal religions, 147–48, 153n1
Primitive Classification (Mauss), 290–91
Primitive Culture (Tylor), 317
Primitive myths, 270–73, 278n9
Principle of credulity (PC), 253
Principles of Geology (Lyell), 69
Principles of Psychology, The (James, W.), 203–4, 207
Privacy, system and, 252–55
Problematization, 492–93
Profane: phenomenology of religion and, 406–7; sacred and, 149, 153n10, 292, 406–7, 415–18
Professionalization, APR and, 249–52
Projectionist accounts, 10, 106, 108–9, 117
Promethea (Cixous), 528
Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, The (Weber): capitalism and, 17, 284, 287–89, 293, 551–52, 604–5; rationality and, 605
Protestantism: Calvinism, 431n13, 604–5; in China, 157–59, 161n16; Christian Truth in, 446; classical anthropological theories and, 318; concept of religion in, 88, 90; critical religion and, 436, 446–47, 451; introspection in, 194; Jung and, 226; missionaries of, 158–59; as reflecting faith, 285, 293, 308; Reformation by, 59, 284, 497, 593; return of the religious and, 497–99; social theory and, 307–8, 310
Pseudo-distinctive features, structural linguistics and, 265
Psychoanalysis, 122, 358, 524, 567–68
Psychology of religion: analytical psychology and, 222–23; criticized, 199; early forms of, 189; epistemology and, 193–94; errors in, 196; Freud and, 221–26; history and, 193–94; interpretation and, 191–92; introspection in, 194–95; James, W., and, 192, 198; Jung and, 198, 221–27; measurement in, 194–99; metaphysics and, 191–92; Otto and, 215–16; overview of, 189–90; politics and, 192–93; Religious Studies and, 189–90; science and, 189–99; textbooks and, 192–93; valid, 195–96
Psychology of Religion, The (Starbuck), 196
Psychology of Religious Behaviour, Belief and Experience, The (Beit-Hallahmi and Argyle), 196
Puppet and the Dwarf, The (Žižek), 465
Purity and Danger (Douglas), 353
Putnam, Hilary, 257
Quaternity archetype, 224–25
“Queering Death” (Stuart), 536
Queer theory: Butler and, 531–32, 534, 540; Christianity and, 535–37, 539–40; critical religion and, 531–40; emergence of, 533; feminist theory and, 532–36, 538–39; Judaism and, 539–40; Religious Studies and, 538–39; sexuality in, 531–34, 537–40; theology saved by, 537
Quijano, Aníbal, 548
Qur’ān, 164–65
Rabbinic Judaism (Mishna), 32–33
Race: apartheid comparative religion and, 555–60; capitalism and, 565–66, 569–70; Christianity and, 577, 579–84; coloniality and, 548–49; Cox on, 563, 565–67, 569–70; Du Bois on, 563–64, 569–70, 581; Fanon on, 563, 567–70, 581; feminism and, 511–14; identity and, 567; Marxism and, 564, 566–70; mythification and, 276; religion and, 555–60, 563–70, 573–84. See also Black cultural criticism; Black Religious Studies
Radical Orthodoxy, 500
Radkau, Joachim, 287
Raines, John, 132
Rajan, RajeshwariSundar, 66
Ramayana, 337
Rangda-Barong ritual, 329
Rappaport, Roy A., 371, 379–80
Rational choice theory: economy and, 388–89, 477, 601, 605–10; Smith, A., and, 605–7
Rawls, John, 58
Reality testing, 122–24
Recovery of Rhetoric, The: Persuasive Discourse and Disciplinarity in the Human Sciences (Roberts and Good), 442
Reflecting faith, 285, 293, 308, 483
Reflexive critique, 6–7
Reflexive traditions, 307–8
Reflexivity, refusal of, 301–3
Reflexivization, 307
Reformation: in Latin America, 307; Protestant, 59, 284, 497, 593
Rehnquist, William, 596
Religio: etymology of, 453n2; religion and, 27–28, 30, 173, 284, 446–47, 453n2, 590; rituals and, 284–85; uses of, 590
Religio-historical facts, 407
Religion: American Academy of, 41, 251, 445; archaic, recovery of, 224–25; belief and, 148–49; Bible encountering, 43–47; Black, 579–84; black cultural criticism and, 573–78; Bourdieu on, 471–77, 477n1; Christianity before, 24–26; church-state encompassed by, 449; civil, 286, 356, 595; as collective imaginary construction, 438–40; coloniality and, 70, 408–9, 425, 547–52; communal, 252–53; communism as, 137; constitutive other of, science of, 82–83; contextualized, 138–40; critique and, 47, 49, 52–53; as cultural system, 327–29, 341; definitions of, 30, 43, 121–22, 136–38, 206–8, 230, 289–90, 317–18, 324, 327–33, 341, 402, 430n2, 432n20, 446–51, 453n2, 477, 479n26, 531, 611; democracy and, 42–43, 59; denaturalized, 1; depoliticized, 79–80; Derrida on, 481–85, 500–1; dīn as alternative to Western models of, 163–69; as discursive process, 330–33; economy and, 601–11; Enlightenment criticizing, 97, 107, 110, 115; Feuerbach on, 105–10, 466; freedom to practice, 428, 433n43; French feminism and, 523–28; Freud on, 121–26, 322; globalization and, 613–23; historian of, 414–18; human suffering and, 127, 130–32, 288; Hume on, 62, 97–102, 286; indigenous African traditions as models for theorizing, 147–53; invention of, 26–27, 33–34, 37n28, 37n35, 38n46; jiao, 157–60, 161n11; Judaism before, 24–26; language game of, 7, 9, 11; liberalism and, 58, 79–80, 436, 498–99; Marx on, 105–8, 114, 127–33, 133n1, 283–84, 457, 501, 603–4; modernity and, 17–18, 41–42, 63, 547–52; morality distinct from, 88–89, 91–92, 283; national, 78–82, 85n32; nationalism as, 595–97; natural, 53, 79–80, 97–102; in new atheist writings, 135–41; Nietzsche on, 114–18; Otto as apologist for, 214–15; phenomenology of, 2–3; political connotations of, 87–89; post-Marxism and, 457–68; primal, 147–48, 153n1; projectionist accounts of, 10, 106, 108–9, 117; Protestant conception of, 88, 90; race and, 555–60, 563–70, 573–84; rationality and, 97–102; religio, 27–28, 30, 173, 284, 446–47, 453n2, 590; Religious Studies producing, 1, 23; revealed, 78–79; science of, 14, 69–74, 82–83, 84n9, 100–1, 205, 208–10, 283–87, 316, 337–40, 401–2; secularity and, 57–64, 88–89, 92; shūkyō, 87, 90, 156–57, 160n9; socialist alliance with, 131–32; social theory and, 297–311; soteriological, 252–53; spirituality distinguished from, 431n14; of state, 594–95; structuralist theories of, 261–67; theories of action and, 385–89; threskeia, 29–31; translation of, 173–76; universalist claims about, 1, 23–25, 28, 36n20, 37n35, 60, 62–63, 169; violence and, 589–98; zongjiao, 155–60, 160n9. See also Analytical philosophy of religion; Apartheid comparative religion; Category, religion as; Classical anthropological theories, of religion; Cognitive science of religion; Critical religion; Media, religion and; Phenomenology of religion; Psychology of religion; Sociology of religion; Wars of Religion; World religions
Religion in Essence and Manifestation [Phänomenologie der Religion] (Van der Leeuw), 404
Religion in the Media Age (Hoover), 336
Religion-making, 66
Religion of Globalization Model, 619–22
Religion of Israel to the Fall of the Jewish State, The (Kuenen), 51
Religionsästhetik, 219
Religionswissenschaft, 8, 49, 83, 215, 217
“Religion Trouble” (Jordan), 536–37
Religion within Political-Economic Globalization Model, 619–20, 622–23
Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason (Kant), 283–85, 483
Religiosity: action and, 387; in social theory, 298, 300, 303–6, 308–10
Religious: identity of, 23, 27, 29–31, 35n7, 37n35; perspective, 328–29, 332; return of, 497–503; as status, 447
Religious Studies: Biblical Studies in, 41–43, 45–48, 50–51; coloniality and, 70, 408–9; comparative theology and, 77–83; construction of, 1; Copernican turn in, 4–8, 11; cultural critique in, 16, 18; cultural studies and, 335, 337, 341–44; debates over, 163; decline of, 91–93; European Enlightenment and, 2, 4, 9–12, 14, 16–18, 23–24, 28, 36n20, 80, 283–87; feminist approaches to, 1, 509–18, 532–33; Foucault and, 487–93; history of, 2, 4, 7–17; ideology of, 445–46; James, W., and, 203–10; methodology of, 408; Nietzsche and, 116–18; Otto and, 217–18; psychology and, 189–90; queer theory and, 538–39; re-conceiving of, 14–18; religion as category in, 1, 3–5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14; religion produced by, 1, 23; rise of, 2, 12–17, 354; RLST, 249–50, 258; role of, 51–52; science and, 3–4, 6–8, 12, 80; secularity and, 8, 11–15, 283–84; Shinto and, 89–93; translation in, 173–83; university and, 49–51; Western myths of origin for, 8–14. See also Black Religious Studies; Phenomenology of religion
Rethinking Religion (Lawson and McCauley), 237
Retirement, 601
Revealed religion, 78–80
Reverence, 433n45
Rhetoric, critical religion and, 442–43
Riches, Patrick Aaron, 467–68
Ricoeur, Paul, 115
Right Hegelians, 57
“Rise of Religious Nationalism and Conflict: Ethnic Conflict and Revolutionary Wars, The” (Fox), 438–39
Risk Society (Beck), 304
Rites of Passage, The (Van Gennep), 359–60
Ritualization: broader social practice of, 381–82; classic theories of, 351, 353, 361; debate over, 373; redemptive hegemony of, 382; from ritual to, 377–82
Rituals: action in, 352–53, 356–60, 362n9, 367–73, 377–82, 389; Asad on, 353, 363n27, 371, 377–80; belief and, 356–57; Bell on, 352, 354, 368, 371–72, 377–78, 380–81; Bourdieu and, 352–53, 380–82; Cambridge Ritualists and, 354, 370–71; Charismatic, 474–75; Christianity and, 354, 378; classic theories of, 351–61; collectivity in, 355–58, 360–61; concept of, 88; formalism and, 371–73, 381; Freud and, 358; Geertz and, 353, 372, 378; genealogical approach to, 377–79; Harrison on, 354, 359–60, 370; initiation complex, 359–62; Mannhardt and, 274, 276, 354, 363n35, 367, 369; as performance, 351–53, 355–56, 359–62, 370–73, 389; Rangda-Barong, 329; religio and, 284–85; ritualization from, 377–82; Robertson Smith and, 354–56, 358, 368–69; sacrifice, 356–57, 369; speech acts in, 351; symbols and, 329; totemism and, 355–56, 369; Turner, V., on, 351–52, 361, 379; turn toward, 354–56. See also Myth-ritual approach
Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice (Bell), 368
RLST. See Study of Religion
Roberts, Richard, 442
Robertson, Roland, 476, 615–16, 618–19
Robertson Smith, William, 51; influence of, 369; Lectures on the Religion of the Semites and, 323, 354, 368–69; ritual and, 354–56, 358, 368–69
Roman Catholic Church. See Catholic Church
Rosenberg, Alfred, 276
Ross, Joshua, 250–51
Rostovian take-off model, 516, 520n33
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 286–87, 290, 591
Russell, Bertrand, 256
Russell, Letty, 517
Saariluoma, Pertti, 241
Sacred: Eliade and, 406–9, 414–18; manifestations of, 415–17; profane and, 149, 153n10, 292, 406–7, 415–18; sacré, 355, 357, 369
Sacred books, 337–39
Sacrifice: Its Nature and Functions [Essai sur la nature et la fonction du sacrifice] (Mauss and Hubert), 356–57
Sahlins, Marshall, 433n44
Said, Edward, 59, 425, 547, 576–77
Saint Foucault: Towards a Gay Hagiography (Halperin), 537
Saint Paul: The Foundation of Universalism (Badiou), 461, 501
Sakai, Naoki, 177
Salvation/ liberation, 252, 288
Sanger, Margaret, 511–12
Śankara, 217
Saussure, Ferdinand de, 261–62, 264, 272
Savage Systems (Chidester), 503, 543n35
Schapera, Isaac, 557
Schechner, Richard, 358
Schilling, Heinz, 593
Schippert, Claudia, 540
Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 189; The Christian Faith, 194; On Religion, 79–80; Otto influenced by, 214–15
Schönbaumsfeld, Genia, 257
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 113
Schüssler-Fiorenza, Elisabeth, 513, 535
Schwartz, Howard, 538–40
Schwartz, Seth, 29–31
Science: of action, 386; Enlightenment and, 191, 283–87; modernity and, 304–5; mystery accompanying, 214; myth and, 358; in new atheism, 136, 139–41; politics and, 192–93; psychology of religion and, 189–99; of religion, 14, 69–74, 82–83, 84n9, 100–1, 205, 208–10, 283–87, 316, 337–40, 401–2; of religion’s constitutive other, 82–83; Religious Studies and, 3–4, 6–8, 12, 80. See also Cognitive science of religion
Science of a New Life (Cowan), 510–11
Second modernity, 297–301, 303–4, 306–10
Second Wave feminism, 512–16, 532–33
Secular critique, 58–66
Secular effects, 52
Secularism: Asad on, 423–24; Bible and, 41–43, 47–53; in China, 155–56, 159; critical religion and, 435–42, 443–49, 451–52; debate over, 52; in Japan, 89, 92; phenomenology of religion and, 413, 416–17, 421, 423–24, 426–27; problems with, 14–16, 156; secularization of, 14; in South Asia, 183; violence and, 595–98
Secularity: Christianity and, 61–66, 285–86; of Enlightenment, 63; formation of, 117; Hegel and, 57–64, 66; historical consciousness and, 10, 58–61, 63, 66, 580; indigenous African traditions and, 149, 153n10; modernity and, 41–42, 63, 413, 605; realm of, 499; religion and, 57–64, 88–89, 92; Religious Studies and, 8, 11–15, 283–84; secularization of, 14, 298, 304–5, 307; as status, 448
Secularization: Christianity and, 285–86; disenchantment and, 443; metanarrative, 500; paradox of, 309; of secularity, 14, 298, 304–5, 307; thesis, 605–6; Wars of Religion and, 592
Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky, 538
Seigel, Jerrold, 194
Self-consciousness: archetypes and, 222; Christianity and, 60, 106; Freud and, 121; Hegel on, 59–60, 106–7
Self-nature, of myths, 277, 279n39
Self-representation, 59
Self-showing, 396–98
Selling Spirituality (Carrette and King, R.), 436, 610
Semantics: in CSR, 240–42; phonemics conflated with, 263
Semiotics, 524–25
Sexuality: definition of, 531; as discourse of power, 491; feminism and, 510, 512–17, 526; Foucault on, 488, 491, 537; in queer theory, 531–34, 537–40; two lips of, 526
Sexual Theologian, The (Althaus-Reid and Isherwood), 536–37
Sha’rawi, Huda, 510
Sharpe, Eric, 77, 84n9, 189, 205
Shimazono Susumu, 90–91
Shinto: Enlightenment and, 91; modern day, 87–93; political connotations of religion and, 87–89; Religious Studies and, 89–93
Showing, in phenomenology, 396–97
Shūkyō (religion), 87, 90, 156–57, 160n9
Singer, Milton, 352
Singer, Peter, 57–58
Situationslogik (situational logic), 389
Skinner, Quentin, 448–49
Sklair, Leslie, 615
Smith, Jonathan Z., 9, 23, 34, 48, 174, 218; “The Bible and Religion,” 43–46, 51; Eliade criticized by, 418–19; Imagining Religion, 7–8, 421, 423; phenomenology of religion critiqued by, 421–24, 429–30, 431n12, 434n47, 434n50, 434n52; world religion defined by, 81
Smith, S., 617
Social class. See Class
Social Construction of Reality, The (Berger and Lückmann), 2
Social fact, 291–92
Socialism, 604; collapse of, 566; post-Marxism and, 467–68; religious alliance with, 131–32
Social theory: of Bauman, 297–301, 303–11; of Beck, 297–98, 303–11; fundamentalism in, 298, 300, 303–5, 307–9; of Giddens, 297–98, 301–11; individualization in, 298, 300–310; introduction to, 297–98; modernity analyzed in, 297–311; Protestantism and, 307–8, 310; religion and, 297–311; religiosity in, 298, 300, 303–6, 308–10
Sociology of religion: Bourdieu and, 471, 476; Christianity and, 284–86, 293; comparative, 285, 287–90; Durkheim and, 284, 287, 289–94, 306, 323, 327, 353–59, 369, 371, 378, 430n2, 559; Enlightenment and, 283–87, 293–94; origins of, 283–94; Rousseau and, 286–87; science of religion and, 283–87; totemism and, 290–91; Weber and, 285, 287–90, 293, 386–87, 498
Sociology of Religion, The (Weber), 285, 289–90
Söderblom, Nathan, 83
Soteriological religion, 252–53
Souls of Black Folks, The (Du Bois), 564
South Africa, apartheid in, 555–60
South Asia, secularism in, 183
Species being, 130–31
Specters of Marx (Derrida), 482
Speculum of the Other Woman (Irigaray), 526–27
Speech acts, theory of, 351, 371
Spencer, Baldwin, 291
Spencer, Herbert, 316
Sperber, Dan, 231
Spinoza, Baruch, 591
Spiritualism, 510
Spirituality: commodification of, 610–11; in feminism, 516; Foucault on, 492–93; New Age, 303; religion distinguished from, 431n14
Spivak, Gayatri, 547
Srinivas, Tulasi, 614
“Stabat Mater” (Kristeva), 524–25
Standing Again at Sinai (Plaskow), 513
Standpoint feminism, 521n36
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 511
Stark, Rodney, 130, 601, 605–8
State: first conception of, 449; religion of, 594–95; Wars of Religion and, 592–94
Statements of facts, APR and, 256–58
State of being Jewish (Yahadut), 35n6
Steger, Manfred, 613
Steiner, George, 174
Stevens, S. S., 198
Stewart, Potter, 597
Stowers, Stanley, 421
“Straight Mind, The” (Wittig), 515
Strauss, David, 57, 106–7, 128, 608
Strenski, Ivan, 8–9, 11, 408, 417
Structural anthropology, 261
Structural functionalism, 388
Structural linguistics: defined, 261; distinctive features and, 262–67, 265; functional, 261; Lévi-Strauss and, 226, 261–67, 265, 272; myths and, 263–66; pseudo-distinctive features and, 265; structuralist theories of religion and, 261–67; translation and, 262
Structure and History in Greek Mythology and Ritual (Burkert), 367
Stuart, Elizabeth, 536
Studies on Hysteria (Freud and Breuer), 121
Study of Religion (RLST), 249–50, 258
“Study of Religion and the Study of the Bible, The” (Cantwell Smith), 43–46, 49–50, 52
St. Ville, Susan, 518
Subjective/social studies, 191
Superego, 124
Supernatural, The: Its Origin, Nature, and Evolution (King, J.), 320
Supernaturalism, 320–25
Superrationalism, 272
Supreme Court, U.S., 597
Symbolic violence, 478n10
Symbols: body as, 353; Catholic, 293, 525; collective, 292; cosmic centers and, 406; in nature, 416; in new atheism, 140–41; role of, 328–33; semiotics and, 524–25; Turner, V., on, 361
Symbols of Transformation (Jung), 221–23
Sympathy, 405
Systems: cultural, religion as, 327–29, 341; of meaning, 471; privacy and, 252–55
Taboo, 321
Tambiah, Stanley, 352
Taoism, 81
Taves, Ann, 230
Taylor, Eugene, 208
“Techniques of the Body” (Mauss), 380
Technology, in globalization, 616
Temple in Jerusalem, 39n53
Terrorism, 436–37
Tertullian, 26–27
Textbooks, psychology, 192–93
Themis (Harrison), 354, 359, 370
Theology: branches of, 214–15; dogmatic-confessional, 82–83; fulfillment, 77, 82, 85n34; Geertz on, 331; liberation, 466; natural unnaturalized in, 105; phenomenology of religion and, 401, 408–9; political, 59, 66; queer theory saving, 537; religious criticism related to, 577–78; university and, 49–51. See also Comparative theology; Liberation theology
“Theology of Translation” (Derrida), 179–80
Theory: Black Religious Studies and, 579–84; conditions of, 377; CSR as basis for, 229–32, 239; indigenous African traditions as models for, 147–53; role of, 5–6, 153n5. See also specific theories
Thinking About Religion (Strenski), 8–9
Third Wave feminism, 516–18
Third Way, The (Giddens), 301
Thirty Years’ War, 592
This Bridge Called my Back (Moraga and Anzaldúa), 514
This Sex Which is Not One (Irigaray), 526–27
Threskeia (religion), 29–31
Ticklish Subject (Žižek), 465
Tiele, Cornelius, 8, 51, 89; Müller criticized by, 74; phenomenology of religion and, 401–3
Tilly, Charles, 594
Tomlinson, J., 616
Totem and Taboo (Freud), 358
Totemism, 322–23; ritual and, 355–56, 369; sociology of religion and, 290–91
“Towards a Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right” (Marx), 127
Tradition: dissolution of, 299, 302–3; reflexive, 307–8
Transcendence, 83; Irigaray on, 527; in phenomenology, 410; return of the religious and, 498–99, 501–3; suspension of, 467; vitality conquered by, 379, 431n12; yearning for, 126
Transcendental apparatus, of Hegel, 62–65
Transcendentalism, 462–63
Translation: of Bible, 174; coloniality and, 65–66, 176–80, 184n17; Derrida on, 179–83; gendered logic of, 184n17; generalized, 65–66, 67n13; identity and, 175; in India, 176–79; Islam and, 176–77; monotheism and, 182–83; Nancy on, 179, 182–83; as overlooked, 173; of religion, 173–76; in Religious Studies, 173–83; representation of, 177–78, 180; structural linguistics and, 262; in West, 174–75
Transubstantiation, 473–74
Treatise of Human Nature (Hume), 97
Treatise on the Primitive System of Vowels in Indo-European Languages [Mémoire sur le système primitif des voyelles dans les languesindoeuropéennes] (Saussure), 261–62
Troubetzkoy, Nikolai, 272
Trust, in modernity, 302
Truth: Christian, 437–38, 441–44, 446–48; subject and, 459
Turkey, 167–68
Turner, B. S., 616
Turner, Victor: “Betwixt and Between,” 361; on rituals, 351–52, 361, 379; on symbols, 361
Tu Wei-ming, 552
Tylor, Edward Burnett, 432n20; classical anthropological theory of, 317–21; on ethnography, 139; myths and, 356, 367–68; Primitive Culture, 317
Unconscious, collective, 221–25, 416
Underhill, Evelyn, 205
United States (U.S.): Constitution, 451–52; nationalism in, 595–97; retirement in, 601; Supreme Court, 597
Universalism: of Christianity, 12–14, 37n35, 80–82; of cognitive processes, 237, 242n2; of Judaism, 37n35; of religion, 1, 23–25, 28, 36n20, 37n35, 60, 62–63, 169
University, Religious Studies and, 49–51
UnoEnkū, 90
U.S. See United States
Uses of Pleasure, The (Foucault), 492
Valid psychology, 195–96
Van der Leeuw, Gerardus: Husserl and, 401, 404; Phänomenologie der Religion, 404; phenomenology of religion and, 401, 404–5, 407, 409
Vander Stichele, Caroline, 518
Van Gennep, Arnold, 359–60
Varieties of Religious Experience, The (James, W.), 203–9, 292
Vattimo, Gianni, 482, 500, 502
Vergote, Antonie, 190
Verstehendesociologie (interpretative sociology), 287–88, 386
Vico, Giambattista, 4
Violence: foundational, 357; functionalism and, 596; of fundamentalism, 484; Islam and, 597–98; nationalism and, 595–98; religion and, 589–98; secularism and, 595–98; symbolic, 478n10; in Wars of Religion, 590–94
Violence and the Sacred (Girard), 357
Virgin Mary, symbolic cult of, 525
Vitality, transcendental conquering, 379, 431n12
Völkerpsychologie (Wundt), 195
Voltaire, 591
Von Stuckrad, Kocku, 6
Waardenburg, Jacques, 16
Wach, Joachim, 218
Wagner, Richard, 113
Waldau, Paul, 518
Walker, Barbara, 516
Wallerstein, Immanuel, 548, 616
Wallis, John, 308
Walls, Andrew, 147
Ward, Pete, 307
Warner, R. Stephen, 476
War on terror, 436
Wars of Religion, 79–80, 97, 438; Derrida on, 484; violence in, 590–94
Watts, Fraser, 192
Wealth of Nations, The (Smith, A.), 602–7
Weber, Max: action and, 386–87, 389; on asceticism, 285, 288–89, 605; on economy, 602, 604–5, 609–10; influence of, 327, 609; on mysticism, 285; Nietzsche and, 288, 293; The Sociology of Religion, 285, 289–90; sociology of religion and, 285, 287–90, 293, 386–87, 498; Wissenschaftlicher of, 49. See also Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, The
Weischedel, William, 252
Wesen des Christentums, Das [Essence of Christianity, The] (Feuerbach), 105–6, 128
West: conceptual assumptions governing, 330; metaphysics of, 481–82; myths of origin in, 8–14; phenomenology of religion created by, 408–9, 421–29; translation in, 174–75
Westphal, Merold, 115
What Is Called Thinking (Heidegger), 531
Wholeness, illusory, 124–26
Wiebe, Donald, 408
Will to Believe, The (James, W.), 204–5, 208
Wilmore, Gayraud S., 583–84
Winston, Robert, 137
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 257–58, 330
Wittig, Monique, 515
Wolterstorff, Nicholas, 257
Women and Religion (Plaskow), 513
Women’s Bible, The, 511–12
Words and Deeds (Austin), 351
World Parliament of Religions, 73, 81, 205, 621
World religions: apartheid comparative religion and, 559; Christianity and, 78–79, 525; coloniality and, 425; in comparative theology, 78–82; defined, 81–82; doxastic practices of, 254–55; globalization and, 619–23; Islam and, 81, 169
World risk society, 304–6
Worldview, ethos and, 332, 372, 378
Wujiao (nonreligion), 159–60
Wynter, Sylvia, 549–50
Xenophanes, 10
Yahadut (state of being Jewish), 35n6
Yanagawa, Kei’ichi, 92
YanagitaKunio, 90
Yang, Mayfair Mei-hui, 156
Yoga (Eliade), 418
Young, Julian, 115–16
Young, Robert, 560
Zimmerman, Dean, 250–51
Ziyada, Mai, 510
Žižek, Slavoj, 500–1; post-Marxism of, 457–58, 465–68; The Puppet and the Dwarf, 465; Ticklish Subject, 465