Contents

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

On Transcription, Dates, etc.

Introduction: The relevance of the past

1 Shī‘īsm and Sunnīsm: conflict and concord

I The spirit of Shī‘īsm

II The Polemics

2 The crisis over the Caliphate

3 The concept of the Islamic state

I Muhammad Rashīd Riḍā

II Fundamentalism

4 Nationalism, democracy and socialism

I Nationalism

II Democracy

III Socialism

5 Aspects of Shī‘ī modernism

Background

I Constitutionalism

II Taqiyyah

III Martyrdom

References

Endnote