Index

Note: Page numbers in italics indicate figures and page numbers in bold indicate tables.
4’33” (Cage) 77, 81–84
Abhishiktananda, S. 29
Abraham, K. 145
abstraction: aesthetic thinking and 68; Feldman and 77–80; Mondrian and 79; music and 68, 73–74, 77–79; visual arts and 68, 79–80; Xenakis and 73–74
Acheson, K. 276, 312
Acheson, Rachel 247
acoustic silence 88
active developmental process 110
active silencing 3
Adelung, Johann Christoph 64
adolescent therapy 247
Adorno, Theodor W. 70–71
aesthetics 64–66, 68, 80
affective stance 351–352, 362–363
affect regulation 111
African music 77
afterwards silence 10
Akhtar, Salman 101
Alder, M.-L. 283
Allais, Alphonse 62
allusive talk 283
ambient sounds 81–82, 84
American Psychoanalytic Association 109
Améry, Jean 18
Ames, Van Meter 82
anacoluthons 46
anal eroticism 134
analytic listening: analyst silence and 187, 190, 192–193; derivative comment and 272n7; silence and 102; traumatic silence and 208
analytic site 187–189
analytic state of consciousness 161–162
Analyzing Situation, The (Donnet) 187
anechoic chambers 94–95
Anna Freud Center 247
Anthropometrien 66
anticipatory silence 10
area of creation 128–129, 161
Arlow, J. A. 132–133
articulated speech (exophasia) 43, 94
associational pauses 237
attachment trauma: acknowledgment and 200; children and 199–200, 202; disorganized attachment patterns and 199; silencing and 102, 199–200, 202–203, 209
attention: analyst silence and 187; as commodity 92; contemplative silence and 136; continuous speech and 88; demands on 92–93, 95; distractions and 93, 96; free-floating 149, 209; maintaining 66; musical silences and xxiii, 66–67, 76; shared intentionality and 292; silence and 7, 43, 74, 148; verbal signals for 50
Aurobindo, Sri 29
Avdi, Evrinomy 247
Bach, Johann Sebastian 67
Bagatellen für Streichquartett (Webern) 68
Baker, R. 117
Balint, Michael 4, 57n4, 159–161, 165, 168, 252
Baudelaire, Charles 71
Beck, Aron 211
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) 247
Beebe, Beatrice 163
Beethoven, Ludwig van 22, 68, 80
benign regression 157, 160, 165
Bergson, Henri 78
Bern, Eric 211
Bertman, Stephen 93
Bertrand, Aloysius 72
Bion, W. 102, 129, 148, 193
Black Lives Matter protests 11
black silence 108
blank silence 138
Bollas, Christopher 252
Bonacchi, Silvia 4
Bose, Girindrasekhar 38
Bowlby, John 17
Boyle Spelman, Margaret 102
Brähler, E. 233
Breuer, Josef 142
brief pauses 252
Bromberg, P. M. 23n9
Bucci, Wilma 165
Buchholtz, Michael B. 227–228, 292
Buddhism 30–31, 38
Bühler, Karl 258, 259, 352–353
bulimia nervosa treatment 244–245
burdening silence 46
Burke, Edmund 16
Bush administration 16, 19
Busoni, Ferruccio 65
Cage, John: 4’33” 77, 81–84; on absence of silence 88–89; ambient sounds and 84; influence of Buddhism on 82–83; musical silences and 77, 81–82; pauses in music 271n1; silence as awakening and 88; silence as collaborator 90
Cain, Susan 88
Carpenter, M. 292
CEMPP-Project (Conversation analysis of Empathy-Psychotherapy Process) 272n4
CEMPP project transcriptions: complex reasoning and 258–260; lapses in 276–291; Munich psychotherapy study 276; original German transcripts 268–271, 292–302; patient slips and 254–258; pauses in 254–263, 266–267; pointing gestures and 258–259; RLRI model and 277–278, 284, 287–289, 291; self-repairs and 254–258, 261–263, 267; silence in 276–277; therapist slips in 261–267
Chaudhuri, H. 29
childhood trauma: acknowledgment and 200–201, 203; attachment trauma and 199–200, 202–203, 209; consequences of 199–200; helpful adults and 200–201; lack of empathic understanding for 201, 210; mental disorders and 200–203, 212n1; silencing and 200–203, 209; see also trauma
chordal signals 50
Christianity 31–35, 37
classical drive theory 252
Clinical Diary (Ferenczi) 162, 209
Clinical Notes on Disorders of Childhood (Winnicott) 173
co-construction 49–50, 343
cocoon transference 114
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) 244–246
Collines d’Anacapri, Les (Debussy) 70
Collins, R. 349
collusion 153–154, 165, 229, 354, 360
Coltart, N. 109, 144
common ground 50, 57n9, 107, 267, 292
communication: nonverbal 42, 56n2, 106; Other-referential 42, 47; pauses in 254; phatic 251; self-referential 42; silence and 110; silence in dialogical situations (DS) 42, 44–50; silence in non-dialogical situations (NDS) 42–44; silencing in 53–54; see also conversations; social interactions
Communicational Structure (Scheflen) 56n2
communicative absence 333–334
competitive overlapping 49
complex reasoning 258–260
Compositions (Young) 77
computer textual analysis 246
conspiracy of silence 102–103, 206–207
contemplative silence 135–136
conversation analysis (CA): central methodological resource of 277; clinical practice and 275; computer textual analysis and 246; feeling silences 243; gaps in 310; General List Completer (GLC) and 339–340; information in 229; Interpersonal Process Recall method (IPR) and 326–327; intersubjectivity and 343; intuition and 253; lapses in 10, 310–311, 325–326; linguistics and 45, 224–225; meaning of an utterance in 357–358; neutral silences 236–237; noticeable absences in 334–337; obstructive silences 237–240; patient silence and 55, 233–240; patient slips and 254–258; pauses and silences in 226–229, 252, 275, 310, 326–327; PICS and 234–248; pointing gesture and 258–259; productive silences 235–236; psychoanalysis and 55, 219, 224; RLRI model 277–278, 278 , 284, 287–289, 291; rules of conversational sequence in 277; sequential analysis and 45, 229, 260; social life and 224; speakers as self-listeners 358; speech and 223; stance in 351–352, 362; transcription and 224–226; transcription symbols 225–226; see also lapses; pauses
conversations: affect in 351; central activities and 310, 314; common activities and 311–312; deictic gesture and 352; embodied behaviors in 309, 309 ; finding the right words in 275; gaps in 310; interaction order in 308; interpreting silence in 307–310; lapses in 310–311; listeners in 349; noticeable absences in 334–337; pauses as elements of 253–254; pauses in 275, 310; quiet and 252; rules of sequence in 277; silence and 252, 275; social roles in 349; speaker in 349; transition-relevant place (TRP) and 275–276; see also social interactions
Cook, J. J. 233
cooperative overlapping 49–50
countertransference: analyst silence and 188, 256; negative 149; psychoanalysts and 111; silence as resistance to 146–150, 155n6; see also transference-countertransference
Couper-Kuhlen, E. 351, 362
couple’s interview: accuse-and-defense scenario in 337–339; accuse by list-colligation 338–339, 361; brooding thinking and 345, 345 , 346; cognitive fluidity and 359; communicative absence and 334; critical assessment and 354–356; defense by disassembly in 339–340, 361; displacement of origo 352–354; embodied behaviors in 345 , 346, 346 , 347, 347 , 348, 348 , 356, 356 , 357, 357 , 358, 358 ; German transcripts of 363–366; interactive silencing in 361; invisible loyalties and 343–348; musicalization and 340–343, 350, 350 , 351–352; noticeable absences in 342, 352, 354; “now moment” in 359–360; paradoxon in 342–343; producing and closing the list 340–343; role-bound interaction 360–361; sequential analysis and 356; silence in 361–362; silencing and 343, 350, 361–363; stance in 351–352, 361–362; token-as-type format in 343, 358; use of quotations 348–350, 352, 354
Crafoord, C. 107
creative silence 108
creativity 184, 210–211
Cremerius, J. 148
cultural contexts: idealized silence in 106; nonverbal communication and 106; psychoanalysis and 108–109; psychotherapeutic interactions and 108–109; silence in 4–5, 105–108, 118
Cushman, Philip 15–22
Dadaism 62–63
Dalai Lama 35–36
Daniel, S. F. 245
Dauenhauer, Bernard 10
Davies, O. 30
Davoine, F. 14
Debussy, Claude 69–72
deep listening 76
deep silence 10
defensive silence 130–132
deictic gesture 352
deictic words 352–353
De la Motte-Haber, H. 4
Delic, Amra 206–207
De Mauro, T. 43
Denhoff, Michael 63
deontic stance 351–352, 362–363
depression 245–247
developmental arrest 110
dialogical situations (DS): burdening silence in 46; chordal signals and 50; co-construction and 49–50; common ground in 50, 57n9; competitive overlapping in 49; conditional access and 50; cooperative overlapping in 49–50; eloquent silence in 53; interpreting silence in 51–53; interruptions in 49; length of silence in 47–49; Listener silence in 44–50; Other-referential 42, 47; overlapping in 49–50; prolonged gaps and 49; responce latency 51–52; silence as off-record act in 51–52; silence in 42; Speaker silence in 44–50; TRPs in 44, 48–49; turn-taking in 48–50
Dimitrijević, Aleksandar 101–102
direct quotations 348
disengaged pauses 237, 247
Distracted (Jackson) 93
Donnet, Jean-Luc 187
Dorsky, Nathaniel 90
doublethinking 16
Dreyer, Florian 4, 228, 271n1
drive theory 134, 139n3, 252
early identity formation 110
Eckart, Meister 64, 82
ego psychology 139n3, 258
Egypt 28
Ehrenberg, Darlene 148
Ekelöf, Gunnar 105
Eliot, George 27
eloquent silence 43, 53
embodied silence 43
emotional pauses 235
empathy 179, 201, 210, 233, 253
empiricism 222, 230n1
enactive silence 132–134
Endo, Shusaku 37
endophasia (inner speech) 43
epistemic stance 351–352, 362
Erikson, Erik 17
ethical ambiguity 17
ethical speaking 14
exophasia (articulated speech) 43
expressive pauses 235
Faimberg, H. 192
Fanon, Frantz 11
Fast Runner 106
feeling silences 243
Feldman, Morton 77–81
Ferenczi, Sándor: on countertransference 149; on hypocrisy in psychoanalysis 209; ostracism of 14, 213n11; on personal analysis 155n8; on psychoanalysis 208; on regressed patients 158; on silence in patients 145, 149; therapeutic silence and 102; traumatic silence and 14; on traumatized children 201; on unconscious communication 162–163
film 89–90
Finland 107, 228, 312–313
folk rituals 27–28
Fonagy, P. 129
For Philip Guston (Feldman) 78
forsaken silence 37–38
Fragmente – Stille, an Diotima (Nono) 74–75
Frank, A. 129
Frank, M. G. 348
Frankel, Jay 102, 153, 162
Frankel, Z. 244
Frankfurt School 208
Franzen, Michael M. 4, 228
Freedman, Norbert 102, 165–169
Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies (FRIAS) 228
French métamusique 69–72
Freud, Sigmund: analysis of slips 255; on analyst silence 146; conversation and 223–224; infant development and 172, 179; on memory lapses 219–222; on object absence 190, 195; on perceptual identity 194; psychoanalysis and xxiii, 102; on silence as resistance 57n11, 145, 252; talking cure and 142, 171, 208; on unconscious communication 221–224; unconscious motivation and 16
Fromm, Erich 17, 208
Fromm-Reichman, Frieda 211
Gadamer, Hans-Georg 10
Gale, J. 254
Gallagher, S. 353
Gandhi, Mahatma 29
gaps 49, 56, 275, 310
Garfinkel, Harold 277
Gaspard de la nuit (Ravel) 72
Gaudillière, J.-M. 14
gender 139
General List Completer (GLC) 339–340
Gill, Merton 148
Gindi, S. 242
Ginzburg, J. 260
Glass, Philip 77
Glover, E. 168
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang 68
Goffman, E. 333, 349, 360, 361
Goldberg, J. A. 49
Goldman, D. 172
Goodwin, C. 280
Greece 28, 32
Green, A. 102, 189, 192–195
Greene, Graham 18
Greenson, R. R. 145
Gregory Palamas, Saint 32
Gröning, Philip 34, 90
Grosz, George 62
Guzmán, M. 242, 243
Hadda, J. 109
Hall, Tom 78
Hallelujah (Händel) 67
Händel, Georg Friedrich 67
Handford, Michael 88
Hart, Onno van der 23n8
Haydn, Joseph 66
Hegel, G. W. F. 10
Heidegger, Martin 10
Heimann, P. 191
Henry, Pierre 66
Heritage, J. 292
Herma (Xenakis) 73
hermeneutics 222
heroism of silence 8–9
Heschel, Abraham 15
Hirsbrunner, Theo 72
history 20–22
Hoey, E. 311–312, 314
Hoffman, Irwin 16, 19–20
Holocaust 12, 204, 206
Holtmann, K. C. 245
Huber, D. 245
human dignity 13–14
human experience: distractions and 93–95; dizzying disorientation and 92–93, 95–96; noise and 90–92; silence and 87, 90, 106; technology and 91
Huxley, Aldous 91, 94
Hyperculture (Bertman) 93
immigrants 208
India 28–29
Indian music 77
“Indirect Language and the Voices of Silence” (Merleau-Ponty) 9
ineffable, the 26–27, 37–38, 64
inner speech 94
inner speech (endophasia) 43, 94
inner transformation 106
Inori (Stockhausen) 65
In Pursuit of Silence 4, 94
In Silence (Merton) 36
interactional linguistics 362
interactional pauses 238
inter-affectivity 191
Intermission 6 (Feldman) 77–78
International Psychoanalytic Association 210
Interpersonal Process Recall method (IPR) 326–327
interpersonal relationships 106, 109–110; see also couple’s interview
interruptions 46–47, 49–50; see also self-interruptions
interruption science 93
intersubjective silence 152–154, 158, 162–165
intersubjective systems theory 14
intersubjectivity 191, 343
intervening silence 10
Into Great Silence (Die Grosse Stille) 34, 90
intrapsychic conflict 157, 161
invisible loyalties 343–348
Ironien (Ironies) (Schulhoff) 63
Isaac, Bishop of Ninevah 32
Ives, Charles 65
Iyer, Pico 90, 95
Jackson, Maggie 93
Jacobs, T. 111
James, William 82–84
Jefferson, Gail 48, 224, 254, 275, 277, 339
Jesu, meine Freude (Bach) 67
John of the Cross 33, 37
Judaism 29–30
Jung, Carl 38
Just Mercy (Stevenson) 21
Kahn, M. 110
Kakar, Sudhir 38
Kandahar 106
Kandinsky, Wassily 68
Kant, Immanuel 22
Kavanagh, K. 33–34
Kenny, Colum 3
Khan, M. 137, 175
Kierkegaard, Søren 79
Kinderman, William 80
Kitarō, Nishida 83
Klein, Melanie 183, 211
Klein, Yves 66
Kleinberg-Levin, David 7–8
Kohut, Heinz 161, 210
Koski, S. E. 343
Krauss, Rosalind E. 79
Kurz, S. 109
Lachenmann, Helmut 75
Lacueva 28
Lane, R. C. 252
Langs, R. 252
language: cinematic 89; conversation analysis (CA) and 229; deictic gesture and 352; immigrant silencing and 208; impact of childhood trauma on 199, 204; the ineffable and 26; infant development and 172, 174; as living system 223; minority silencing and 212n7; music as 64, 71; in psychoanalysis 57n4; silent communication and 183
Lanzmann, Claude 12
Laplanche, J. 188
lapses: attributing meaning to 281; co-construction and 284; conversational objects and 281, 286, 288–289; as conversational turns 276; pre-announcements and 281; in social interactions 275–281; thought processes and 278, 281, 283–284, 286, 288–289, 291–292; uncertainty and 280–281, 283, 286
lapses in social interactions: common activities and 311–312; embodied behaviors in 312–314, 316, 318–320, 322–327; falling silent in 313–314; gaps and 310; interpreting silence in 307–309, 309 , 310; navigating out of 319–323; original Finnish transcripts 328–330; pauses and silences in 310; shared orientation of 314–315, 315 , 316, 323–326; treatment of 311; turn-taking in 311; unilateral orientation of 316–317, 317 , 318–321, 321 , 322, 322 , 323
L’art incohérent 62
learning disability case study 242–243
Leira, T. 111, 144
Levi, Primo 14
Levinas, Emmanuel 8, 12–15
Levine, Howard 102
Levitt, Heidi 227
Liebling, A. J. 9
Lifton, Robert Jay 16
Ligeti, György 64
linguistics: conversation analysis and 45, 224–225; endophasia (inner speech) and 43; exophasia (articulated speech) and 43; interactional 362; silence and 4, 41; silence in dialogical situations (DS) 42, 44–53; silence in non-dialogical situations (NDS) 42–44; silencing and 41; Sprachnot 54
listening: analyst silence and 181, 187, 190–193; analytic 102, 208, 272n7; attentive 46–47, 70; auditory comprehension and 73; conversation analysis (CA) and 229; deep 76; self-repairs and 254–255; traumatic memories and 204, 208, 212
Loewald, Hans 17
Lowen, Alexander 211
Lyotard, Jean-François 64
Maeterlinck, Maurice 71
Mahlstedt, Christopher 340
Maier, Thomas M. 81
malignant regressions 160, 165
Malinowski, B. 251
Mallarmé, Stéphane 71
Mannheimer Walze (Mannheim roller) 68
Marche funèbre composée pour les funérailles d’un grand homme sourd (Allais) 62
Maslow, Abraham 211
Mauclair, Camille 69, 71
Mazis, G. 9–10
meditation/contemplation 34–37
membership categorization 335
mental disorders: silencing and 198, 201–203; talking cure and 142; traumatic experience and 101–103, 201, 203
mental noise 91, 95–96
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice 8–12, 22, 37
Merleau-Ponty and the Face of the World (Mazis) 9
Merton, Thomas 35–36
Mesopotamia 28
Messiaen, Olivier 71–72
Metamusik Festivals 77
Middlemarch (Eliot) 27
Milarepa 31
mimic signs 221
minimal music 77
minority silencing 212n7
Mitchell, S. A. 162
Mit innigster Empfindung (Beethoven) 80
MMWY principle 50, 56, 254, 256, 260
mnemonic pauses 236
Modell, A. 109, 114
Molinos, Miguel de 88
Mondada, L. 313
Mondrian, Piet 79
Morrison, A. P. 109
Morrison, Jim xxiii
mother-infant interactions: empathy and 179; essential silence and 181–182; infant sense of self and 173, 182; integration and 175; me/not me divide in 176–177; personalization and 175; realization and 175; silence as transitional object 176–177; silence in 174; silent holding in 177–180; silent integration in 178; silent subjective communication and 183–184; unconscious communication and 163; Winnicott on 172–179, 181–184
movement 64
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 69
Mudge, P. J. P. 30
Munich psychotherapy study 244, 276
music: abstraction and 68, 74; aesthetic thinking and 64–66; African 77; Dadaism and 62–63; forms of silence in 62–66; grid structures in 78–79; Indian 77; as language 64, 71; long-duration 77; metaphysics and 71–72; minimal 77; non-sounding elements in 65; pauses in 251; pragmatism and 82–83; production of 253; receptive aspects of 253
musicalization: couple’s interview and 340–343, 350, 350 , 351–352; example of 341 ; method of 340
musical silences: abstraction and 77–80; ambient sounds and 81–82, 84; attention and xxiii, 66–67, 76; Cage and 77, 81–84; Debussy and 69–71; deep listening and 76; fading elements in 65, 74–80; Feldman and 77–81; French métamusique and 69–72; importance of xxiii; Ives and 65; mathematical methods and 73–74; metaphysics and 84–85; minimal music and 77; new forms of silence in 76–77; Nono and 74–76; open closing cadences in 80; pure experience and 82–84; Ravel and 72; religious notions and 4, 84; rests in 66–70, 72–73, 84; sieve theory and 73; silence as collaborator 90; symbolist thought and 71–72, 84; twelve-tone music and 67–68; unsaid and 69; Webern and 67–68; Xenakis and 73–74
music theory 253
Musique de Silence, La (Mauclair) 69
mutual monitoring 333
my-mind-is-with-you (MMWY) see MMWY principle
mysticism xxiii, 38, 66
narcissism 109–110, 161
nature 9–10
neutral silences 236
New England Bound (Warren) 20
Newman, Barnett 80
Nhat Hanh, Thích 35
noise 90–92, 95–96
noise pollution 91
non-dialogical situations (NDS) 42–44
Nono, Luigi 74–76
nonverbal communication: body resources and 42; mother-infant interactions 163, 183–184; psychotherapeutic interactions and 56n2, 163; silence and 106; therapeutic transitions and 110–111; unconscious communication and 162–163
noticeable absences: collusion and 354; in conversation analysis 334–337; couple’s interview and 342, 352, 354; as noticeable events 337; in quoting 336–337, 349
Nouwen, Henri 89
“now moments” 359–360
object relations: analyst presence and 117, 124; early trauma and 158, 160; projective identifications and 111; regressed patients and 158–160; renegotiating internalized 102, 157, 168; therapeutic silence and 158–161
object relations psychology 139n3
observables 222–223
obstructive silences 237–240
Ogden, Thomas 181
Oliver, Mary 90
Orange, Donna 3
Orfield Labs 94
origo 352–353
Ouspenskii, Pyotr Demianovich 68
Overbeck, G. 233
overlapping 49–50
Pappenheim, Bertha (Anna O.) 142
paradoxon 342–343
Parks, Tim 94
Parmenides 74
Part, Arvo 90
passionate silence 107
patient silence: associational pauses 237; conversation analysis and 55, 233–239; disengaged pauses 237–238, 247; emotional pauses 235; expressive pauses 235; in-session pauses and 233–234; interactional pauses 238–239; mnemonic pauses 236; neutral silences 236–237; obstructive silences 237–240; productive silences 235–236, 247; reflective pauses 235–236, 246; regressed patients and 158–162; as resistance 143–146, 152, 154, 154n1; silent holding and 177–178
patient slips 254–258, 267
pauses: associational 237; brief 252; communication and 254; in conversation analysis 226–229, 252; countertransference and 256; defining 310; disengaged 237–238, 247; as elements of conversation 253–254; emotional 235; expressive 235; in-session 233–234; interactional 238–239; mnemonic 236; musical 251; patient slips and 254–258; reflective 235–236, 246; self-repairs in 254–255, 257–258, 261; as temporary refusal to converse 260–261; transition-relevant place (TRP) and 275
Pausing Inventory Categorization System (PICS): across psychotherapy orientations 244–246; cross-cultural validation 241; examinations of silences and other processes 246–247; findings 242–246; intensive case studies and 242–243; interpersonal process recall (IPR) interviews 234; measure development 234; Munich psychotherapy study 244; therapist training and 239–240; therapy dialogue and 248; types of pauses 236–240; types of silences 234–240; validity and credibility 240–242; York University Depression Project I 243–244
Pavane pour une infante défunte (Ravel) 72
pediatrician-psychoanalysts 102
Pelléas et Mélisande (Debussy) 69
Peräkylä, A. 351
Perelberg, R. 193
phantasmatic worlds 353–354
phatic communion 251–252
phenomenology of silence: ambiguity and 7; ethical speaking and 14; Levinas and 13–14; Merleau-Ponty and 9–11, 22, 23n4; pregnant silence and 8–11; Sartre and 8–9; silence as complicity 15–22; technical rationality and 10; threatening silences and 11; trauma-frozen silences in 11–12
Picard, Max 90
PICS see Pausing Inventory Categorization System (PICS)
Pietikäinen, K. S. 334, 340
Pine, F. 139n3
Pizer, S. A. 162
Pluralistic Universe, A (James) 84
Poesio, M. 260
pointing gesture 258–259
Poland, Warren 17
pondering silence 107
pop music 77
positivism 222
power interruptions 49
pragmatism 82–83
pre-announcements 281
Prélude à l’aprèsmidi d’un faune (Debussy) 69
Pressman, M. D. 146, 150
primal repression 129
process control interruptions 49
Process Experiential therapies 246
productive silences 235–236, 247
progressional overlap 50
prolonged gaps 49
Prophets, The (Heschel) 15
protection 106, 111
psychoanalysis: bulimia nervosa treatment and 244–245; burdening silence in 46; conversation analysis and 224; cultural significance of silence in 108–109; depression treatment and 245–247; empiricism/positivism in 222, 230n1; hermeneutics and 222; religious/spiritual silence and 38; research methods in 219; shame and 15; silence as complicity and 15–20; silence in xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, 42, 101–102, 105–106, 138–139; silencing in 42, 54, 56, 103, 207–210; speaking the unspeakable in 14; as the talking cure 14, 108, 142; undoing silence in 14–15
psychoanalysts: countertransference and 111, 146–150, 191; ethical ambiguity and 17; ethical failures of 15–20; ethical responsibility and 21–22; fight against trauma 208–209; figurability and 195n2; intersubjectivity and 191; negative transference and 190–191; peer-supervision and 151; self-reflection and 150, 168; slips by 261–267; social trauma victims and 200–201
psychoanalyst silence: as action or thing 192; as analytic listening 187, 190, 192–193; analytic site and 188; attention and 187; as a behavior 187; countertransference and 188, 256; framing structure of 193; as impediment to analytic process 190; interpersonal negotiation and 162–163; as intersubjective resistance 152–154; metapsychological 187; neurotic patients and 189–190; patient interpretation of 192, 194; as potential space 192–195; presence/absence and 190, 193–195, 196n9; as resistance 111, 146–154; speech and 192, 195; transference and 188–189; Winnicott on 180
psychoanalytic institutions 210–211
psychodynamic therapy 245
psychotherapeutic interactions: attentiveness to communication in 275; blank silence and 138; complex reasoning in 258–260; contemplative silence and 135–136; cultural significance of silence in 108–109, 125; defensive silence and 130–132; desymbolizing silence and 167; enactive silence and 132–134; experiencing in 253; exploratory strategy and 119–123; forms of silence in 57n11; interpersonal negotiation and 157; interpreting silence in 54–56; intersubjective silence and 162–165; language in 57n4; lapses in 276, 291–292; micro-failures in 190; MMWY principle in 50, 56; narcissistic function of silence 164; negative transference and 190–191; nonverbal communication and 56n2, 163; patient slips and 254–258; pauses and silences in 254–267; pointing gestures and 258–259; regenerative silence and 137; regressed patients and 158–159; resistant silence and 143–154, 157, 161; silence and patient symbolizing 166–169; silence as benign regression in 157; silence as consolidation in 166; silence in 109–111, 180–181, 233; silencing in 54, 56; silent holding in 177–178; structural silence and 128–129; symbolic silence and 134–135; therapist slips in 261–267; transference-countertransference 116–119, 122–123; transformative silence and 167; transition-relevant place (TRP) and 261, 275; unconscious communication in 162–163; unmentalised silence and 129–130; verbal therapy in 55
Pythagoras 28
quiet 252
Quiet (Cain) 88
quotations 336–337, 348–349
Racker, H. 191
Rank, Otto 211
rape 206–207
Rauschenberg, Robert 89
Ravel, Maurice 72
recognitional overlap 50
reflective pauses 235–236, 246
regenerative silence 137
regressed patients 158–162
Reich, Steve 77
Reich, Wilhelm 208
Reik, Theodore xxi, xxii, 146, 220–222
Reinhardt, Ad 89
relational psychoanalysis 14, 162–163, 253
relational trauma 14
Religion de la Musique, La (Mauclair) 71
religious/spiritual silence: in Buddhism 30–31, 38; in Christianity 31–35; divine communication and 26; Egyptian 28; folk rituals and 27–28; forsaken silence and 37–38; Greek 28, 32; historical 3–4; in India 28–29, 38; the ineffable and 26–27; Jesus and 31–32; in Judaism 29–30; meditation/contemplation and 34–37; psychoanalysis and 38; receptivity and 26; relaxation and 26
Repairing the Broken Surface (Jefferson) 224
Repetition (Kierkegaard) 79
Requiem (Verdi) 76
resistance: analyst silence as 146–154; to countertransference 146–150, 155n6; intersubjective silence and 152–154, 158; intrapsychic conflict and 157, 161; meanings of 144–146; patient silence as 143–146, 152–154, 154n1; silence as 102, 109–111, 142, 157, 168, 252
responce latency 51–52
reverie 252
Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse 187
Ricoeur, Paul 13
Riley, Terry 77
Rilke, Rainer Maria 36, 90
ritual/taboo-motivated silence 44
Rizzuto, A. M. 110, 114
RLRI model 277–278, 278 , 281, 284, 287–289, 291
Rodriguez, O. 33–34
Roger, Frère 36–37
Rogers, Carl 211
role-bound interaction 360
Ronningstam, Elsa 101
Rossano, F. 319
Rothko, Mark 80
Sacks, Harvey 224, 229, 254, 275, 277, 334–336, 362
Sampson, H. 163
Sanchez, B. 254
Sandler, J. 190
Sartre, Jean-Paul 8–9, 12
Scelsi, Giacinto 76–77
scenic presentation 190
Scheflen, A. E. 56n2
Schegloff, E. A. 255, 275, 277
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm 9
Schlotheuber, R. E. 244
Schoenberg, Arnold 68
Schulhoff, Ervin 62–63
Schütz, Alfred 353
Schütz, Roger 35, 37
Scott, Raymond 62
searching silence 107
Sechaud, Evelyne 187
selective silence 109
self-esteem 109
selfhood 17, 23n9, 23n10
self-interruptions 258, 277, 286, 291, 344–345
self psychology 139n3
self-reflection 102, 150, 158, 168
self-repairs: in CEMPP project transcriptions 254–258, 261–263, 267; cognitive complexity and 346; communicative discomfort and 46; competitive overlapping and 49; self-initiated 254, 267; self-listeners and 358
self states 14, 17, 23n8
Selting, M. 339–340, 351, 362
Severn, Elizabeth 149
Seybert, C. 245
Shakespeare, William 11, 46
shame 15, 109–110
Sharpe, E. F. 134–135
Shen, Patrick 4
Shoah 12
Shostakovich, Dmitrii xxiii
sieve theory 73
Sifianou, M. 107
silence: absence and 88; as benign regression 157, 160–162, 165; blank 138; as collaborator 90; communicative function of 110; containing function of 107; contemplative 135–136; cross-cultural meanings of 106–109, 118; defensive 130–131; defining 41, 63–64, 87, 307; effectiveness of actions and 43; embodied practices of 312; enactive 132–134; importance of xxi; interpersonal negotiation and 157, 162; interpreting 307–308; linguistic approach to 4, 41–53; movement and 64; in music xxiii, 4; mysticism and xxiii; narcissistic function of 109–110; phenomenological approaches to 3, 7–12, 22; protection of inner space and 106, 111; psychoanalysis and 42, 101–102, 105–106, 109–111; regenerative 137; as resistance 102, 109–111, 142–154, 157–158, 168, 252; ritual/taboo-motivated silence 44; self-reflection and 102; structural 128–129; symbolic 134–135; as transitional object 176–177; unmentalised 129–130; words and 89; see also musical silences; patient silence; psychoanalyst silence; religious/spiritual silence
Silence (Endo) 37
silence as complicity 15–20
silence of the mind 88
silence of the mouth 88
silence of the will 88
silencing: affective stance and 362–363; attachment trauma and 102, 199–200, 202–203, 209; childhood trauma and 200–203, 209; as communicative violence 54; conspiracy of 102–103; of creativity 210–211; interactive 361; latent forms of 53; linguistic approach to 41; mental disorders and 198, 201–203; as non-delivery 362–363; open forms of 53; power relations and 53; in psychoanalysis 42, 54, 56, 103, 207–210; in psychoanalytic institutions 210–211; social trauma and 203–207; systematic war rape and 206–207; trauma and 211–212
silent holding 177–178
silent integration 178
Silent Music (Scott) 62
Silva, Ann-Louise 211
Simons, Jonathan 95–96
Sixth Congress of Aesthetics 82
Sketch of a New Aesthetic of Music (Busoni) 65
social interactions: affect in 351; central activities and 310, 314; finding the right words in 275; lapses in 275–276, 312–315, 315 , 316–317, 317 , 318–319, 319 , 320–324, 324 , 325–326; pauses in 275; rules of conversational sequence in 277; silence in 275, 307–308; transition-relevant place (TRP) and 275–276; see also conversations
social trauma: defining 203; silencing and 203–207; systematic war rape and 206–207; transgenerational transmission of 205–206, 213n8; see also trauma
Socrates 94
speakers 349
speech: articulated (exophasia) 43, 94; attention to continuous 88; awkward silence in 88; Buddhism and ‘right’ 31; conversation analysis and 223; discharge of affect and 145; finding the right words in 275; inner 94; inner (endophasia) 43, 94; non-dialogical situations (NDS) and 42; obfuscation and 12; pauses in 87; planning for 258, 260; presence/absence and 41; progressional overlap and 50; religious silence and 33, 38; self-repairs and 254, 261; sequence of 225; silence as abstention of 9, 41, 45, 69; silencing and 53
Spence, D. P. 223
Sprachnot 54
stance 351–352, 362
Stern, Daniel 359
Stern, Donnel 150
Stevanovic, M. 343, 351
Stevenson, Bryan 21
Stockhausen, Karlheinz 64
structural silence 128–129
Studies on Hysteria (Freud) 223
sublime 80
Sublime Is Now, The (Newman) 80
Suite Bergamasque (Debussy) 69
Susan (case study): childhood/adult history and 112–114; cocoon transference and 114; exploratory strategy and 119–123; family functions of silence 112–113; identifying feelings and 123–124; long-term treatment and 114–115; narcissism and 113, 116; silence phase 115–118, 123–125; suicidal ideations 115–116; suicide attempt by 114; transference-countertransference and 116–119, 122–124
Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro 82–83
Swedenborg, Emanuel 68
symbolic silence 134–135
symbolism 71–72, 84, 348
Symphonie Monotone-Silence (Klein) 66
systematic war rape 206–207
talking cure xxiv, 14, 101, 108, 142, 208, 275
Tao Te Ching 26
Target, M. 129
technical rationality 10
technology 91, 95
Teresa of Avila 33
terminal overlaps 50
Theater of Eternal Music, The 77
Therapeutic Cycle Model 246
therapeutic transitions 110
Thoreau, Henry David 90
thought processes: co-construction and 284; embodied 291–292; joint evaluation of 278, 292; lapses and 86, 278, 281, 283–284, 288–289, 291–292; RLRI model and 278 , 281
threatening silences 11, 108
Toffler, Alvin 91
token-as-type format 343, 358
Tomasello, M. 292
Tombeau de Couperin, Le (Ravel) 72
Toop, David 63
torture: admission of 18–19; Bush administration and 16, 19; heroic silence and 7–8; listening to the unspeakable 14; psychoanalyst involvement in 16–17, 19; silence as complicity and 15–16
transcription 224–226
transcription symbols 225–226
transference-countertransference: affect regulation and 111; analysts and 191; cocoon transference 114; exploratory strategy and 119–123; negative transference and 190–191; silence and 111, 116–120, 124, 139; see also countertransference
transformative silence 167
transitional objects 158, 176–177
transitional overlaps 50
transitional space 158
Transition Relevant Points (TRPs) 45, 48–49, 56, 261
trauma: clinical fight against 208–209; intersubjective systems theory and 14; mental disorders and 103, 201–203; multiple self-states and 23n8; overcoming 103; relational psychoanalysis and 14; silencing and 102–103, 198, 200–207, 211–212; systematic war rape and 206–207; transgenerational transmission of 205–206, 213n8; undoing silence in 14–15, 208–209; see also childhood trauma; social trauma
trauma recovery case study 243
traumatic silence 11–15
TRPs see Transition Relevant Points (TRPs)
true self 128
Tudor, David 81
Turn Construction Units (TCU) 45
Tzu, Chuang 4
Über das Geistige in der Kunst (Kandinsky) 68
Unanswered Question, The (Ives) 65
unconscious communication 162–163, 221–224
understanding 222–223
unmentalised silence 129–130
Van der Heide, C. 138
Varieties of Religious Experience (James) 83
Vatanen, Anna 228
verbal therapy 55
Verdenhalven, Nia 247
Verdi, Giuseppe 76
Verlaine, Paul 71
Vingt Regards sur l’enfant-Jésus (Messiaen) 71–72
violent silencing 8
Visible and the Invisible (Merleau-Ponty) 22
visual arts 64, 68, 79–80, 89
Voegelin, Salomé 63
Volkan, Vamik 213n8
Ware, K. 33
Warren, Wendy 20
Watts, R. J. 48
Way of the Heart, The (Nouwen) 89
Webern, Anton 67–68
Weinberger, J. L. 109–110
Weiss, J. 163
Weizsäcker, Viktor von 38
Wepfer, R. 233
white gaze 11
Williams, James 95
Winnicott, D. W.: on analyst silence 180; concept of the true self 128, 137, 174; developmental theory and 102, 158–159, 172–180; on mother-infant interactions 172–184; on non-communicating 182; on nonverbal communication 110; on regenerative silence 137; on silence in analysis 177–178, 252; on silence in development 158, 171, 174, 188; on silent integration 178–179; on the silent self 183–184; silent subjective communication and 183–185; therapeutic breakdowns and 180, 190; on therapeutic silence 159, 185; on transitional objects 158, 176–177; on transitional space 158, 165
Wittgenstein, Ludwig 8, 11, 22
words 89
World Community for Christian Meditation 35
Wurmser, L. 135
Xenakis, Iannis 73–74
York University Depression Project I 243–244, 246
Young, La Monte 77
Zeligs, M. A. 146
Zen Buddhism 82–83
Zifferstein, Bess 224
Zifferstein, Isador 224