absorption, 91
action(s), 86 ff.
mechanical, 95
of false self, 97–8
adjustment, failure of, 27
adolescents, self-awareness in, 106–7
agoraphobia, 54
analogies, 22 ff.
biological, 22
anxiety(-ies), 65, 75 ff., 90, 92, 138, 150
and self-consciousness, 108
archetypal:
agencies, 158
destroyer, 194
Arieti, S., 42 n.
attitude, psychiatrist’s, 28 ff., 45
autonomy, 44–5, 49, 52–3, 58, 77, 173–4, 185, 198
dread of loss of, 75
lack of, 56
lesion in sense of, 75
awareness, 127
fugitive, 110
reflective, 197–8
of self, see self-consciousness
baby, 41 ff.
‘demanding’, 183–4
schizophrenic (Julie) as, 183 ff.
Bacon, Francis, 41
baptism, self-, 148
Beckett, Samuel, 41
behaviour:
of patient and psychiatrist, 28
personal and organismic, 23
verbal, 21–2
being:
denial to preserve, 150
experienced reality/unreality of, 41–2
-for-oneself, 190
-for-oneself and for-the-other, 35
for-others, 130
man’s, 20 ff.
relatedness and, 26
split, 161–2
structuralization of, 77
-with-others, 139
being-in-the-world, 17, 19–20, 25, 32, 79, 94, 205
dual mode of, 146
belle indifférence, 96
Binswanger, L., 38 n., 94 n., 146, 164
biography, schizophrenic’s, 179 ff.
biological analogy, 23
birth, 40–41
Blake, William, 77, 162 n., 189, 198
Bleuler, 28
blushing, 106
body:
ambiguous position of, 131
experience of, 66–8
and false-self system, 143
schema, 140
severed from self, 162
boundary, 197
Brierley, M., 23
Buber, Martin, 189
bully, 99–200
camouflage, 110
castration, 149
cave, 169 ff.
character, 77
structure, schizoid, 77
child, murdered, 179, 183, 194
common sense, ability of, 193
complaints, variety of, 25
compliance, of false self, 96, 98 ff.
concentration camps, 78 ff.
consciousness, as scanning mechanism, 113
continuity, personal, in time, 39, 42, 67, 77
danger, self-consciousness and, 107
Dante, 162 n.
death, existential, 205
death-in-life, 138, 175–6, 195, 205
deflation, 90
delusions, 193
nihilistic, 178
of omnipotence, 178
of persecution, 178
denigration:
of self, 200
vocabulary of, 27
dependency, ontological, 53
depersonalization, 22 ff., 46–7, 50, 76, 109 ff, 119, 178
in phantasy, 8
deterioration, 89
schizophrenic, 156
Deutsch, H., 94 n.
dissociation, 144
see also splitting
Dooley, L., 109
of black triangle, 50
of buses, 79
of car crash, 125
of engulfment by fire, 50 ff.
of petrification of family, 50 ff.
of self as clam parasitic on wife, 48
of self-driven car, 79
of travelling atoms, 157
dualism, 24
mind-body, 22
self-body, 65 ff.
pseudo-, 82
eccentricity, 140,
echolalia, 102
echopraxia, 102
Empson, W., 133
engulfment, 43 ff., 58, 73, 75, 77, 80, 83, 92, 163
envy, 91
evasion, 95
concealed, 108
existence, objective and subjective, 95
existential phenomenology, see phenomenology
existential position, see position
eye, evil, 110
Ezekiel, 27
Fairburn, W. R. D., 94 n.
faith, bad, 95–6
families, schizophrenogene, 190
Farber, Leslie, 38 n.
fear, in false self, 99
fire, as image, 45
flexibilitas cerea, 102
freedom:
dread of loss, 75
and inaccessibility, 113
of patient, in psychotherapy, 61 sense of, 86
Freud, S., 25, 31, 115 ff., 146–7, 185
Fromm-Reichmann, F., 35 ff., 42 n.
futility, 74 ff., 81 ff., 104, 125, 132, 163
gaucherie, social, 181
Gorky, Maxim, 178
guilt, 85–6, 93, 145, 153, 157
authentic and unauthentic, 132
in hysterics, 97
primary, 176
in schizoids, 92–3
and self-consciousness, 107–8
Guntrip, H., 94 n.
hallucination(s), 158, 198, 199
auditory, 178
in false self, 100
Hayward, M. L., and Taylor, J.
E., 160 ff.
Heidegger, M., 39 n., 52, 94 n., 125, 132
hieroglyphics, 31
Hill, L. B., 42 n.
Hoelderlin, 146
honesty, inner, 83
Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 91
humiliation, 84
hypomanic person, 94
and self-awareness, 112
‘I’, 172
identification(s)
of self with phantasied other, 117
transitory, 104–5
identity:
inner, 139–40; desire to preserve, 172
mutual recognition of, 35 ff.
need of sense of, 44
for others and for oneself, 95
preservation of, 138–9
in time, 109; see also continuity
impersonation, 72
of reality, 45
implosion, 45–6, 58, 75, 77, 83, 138, 163
impotence, 149
impoverishment, 75
inner, 90
of affects, 178
inaccessibility, 196
incongruity, of thought and affect, 199
indifference, 76; see also belle indifférence
insecurity, ontological, 39 ff., 65, 90 ff., 108–9, 111
intentions, reciprocal, 25
interaction, it-it, 82–3
interpretation, 31–2
negative reaction to, 45
invisibility, 109 ff.
isolation, man in, 19, 44, 76, 83–4, 87, 89, 91
it-processes, 22
jamming, 199
Janet, P., 196–7
Jaspers, Karl, 27
Jonah, 49
Jung, C. G., 165
Kafka, F., 40–41, 78, 90, 108–9, 119, 146
Keats, John, 40
Kierkegaard, S., 38 n., 74, 83 n., 94 n., 125
Kinsey report, 87
Kraepelin, E., 29 ff.
Kuhn, Roland, 94 n.
Life, 203
longing, 91
need of, 119
the physician’s, 165
terror of, 163
MacMurray, J., 23
mad’, 181 ff.
mask, man without a, 95
masturbation, 106, 123, 124, 130, 132
Mayer-Gross, W., Slater, E., and Roth, M., 29
meaningless, 68, 81; see also futility
memory, 197
Merleau-Ponty, M., 31
Minkowski, E., 85, 137, 145, 152
mirror game, 115 ff.
monism, 24
Moore, Marianne, 85 n.
bad internal, 200
loss of, 116
schizophrenic’s (Julie), 180, 183 ff.
schizophrenogenic, 189
negativism, catatonic, 193
neurosis, and non-being, 111
Nietzsche, F. W., 51
nightmares, 165; see also dreams
nonentity, 119
normal person 95
not-self, 92–3
obedience, 187–8
automatic, 102
objectivity, 24–5
omnipotence, 75, 84, 133, 176, 178, 203
ontology, 39 n.
Ophelia, 195 n.
organism, and person, 21 ff.
Othello, 99
as person and organism, 21 ff.
self and, 80
sharing ideas with, 140
pain, 145
paralysis, hysterical, 97
parents, schizophrenic and, 181 ff.
part-selves, 73
Pascal, Blaise, 40
peek-a-boo game, 118
need of, 118–19
persecution, 79–80, 100, 147, 179, 198
person(s):
failure to become, 178
reification of, 23–4
persona, see self, false
personality:
assumption of alien, 58 ff., 73, 104
fragmented, 195
and self, distinguished, 71 ff.
petrification, 46 ff., 50–51, 75 ff., 112–13
phantasies(-y), 56–7, 84 ff., 94, 108, 124–5, 127–8, 129–30, 132–3, 138, 141–2, 156
end-of-the-world, 178
of invisibility, 113
patient’s, of therapist, 35
of stealing, 92
magical, 141
warring, 158
phenomenology:
existential, 17, 20–21, 25, 31
phenomenological method, 20
Plato, 92 n.
position:
existential, 34, 37–8, 57, 108, 137
ontological, 186
possession, by alien personality, 58 ff.
pretence, 163–5
Prometheus, 174
psyche, 24
psychopathology, approach of, 23–4
case of (Julie), 178 ff.
examples of onset of, 148–9
as maladaptation, 27
three stages in evolution, 181 ff.
psychotherapy, 26 ff.
psychotic(s):
‘cures’ of, 148–9
schizophrenic as pretended, 163
negative therapeutic, 45
patient’s, 35
reality:
defence against, 90
impingement of, 45
loss of feeling of, 138
magical acquirement of, 145
recapturing, 151–2
testing of, 142
see also realness
realization, self, 37
recognition, moment of, 114
redemption, 66 n.
reference, ideas of, 128–9, 178
reification, 50, 76, 143; see also depersonalization
dread of, 44
relationship(s):
creative, 75, 83 ff., 90–91, 132
guilty to self, 157–8
inter- and intra-personal, 74–5, 180
magical, 149–50
to organism and person, 21–2
sado-masochistic, 83
self-self, 158
sterile, 82
varieties of, 24–6
responsiveness, failure of, 116
Rimbaud, Arthur, 189
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 39 n., 47, 52, 84–5, 94 n., 95, 120
false self of, 94 ff.
transition to psychosis, 137 ff.
use of term, 17–18
vulnerability of, 76
schizophrenia:
as nonsense, 164–5
schizophrenic:
incomprehensibility of, 163
study of (Julie), 178 ff.
use of term, 18
Schreber, D. P., 149
Scott, W. Clifford M., 67 n.
Searles, H. F., 180
security:
ontological, 39 ff., 52, 57, 83, 112, 189
threshold of, 42–3
Segal, H., 56 n.
self:
aloneness of, 37
and body, scission between, 78
compliant, 166
desire to preserve, 77
destruction of, 77
disembodied, 162
as divorced from body, 42, 69, 78–9, 161
embodied, 175
embodied and unembodied, 65 ff.
false, 69, 71, 73–1, 78, 82–3, 88, 93, 94 ff., 124, 126, 176; three forms of, 95 ff.; see also system
identity of, 85
imaginary, 84–5
inner, 69, 72, 73, 78 ff., 93, 95, 99, 102–3, 106, 124, 142, 162, 200; changes in, 139–40; division of, 132–3, 162-in-phantasy, 143
murder/killing of, 149–50, 151, 153, 158, 161
observing, 117
original, 158
real, 37, 73, 84–5, 150, 163–4, 166, 175
temporal, discontinuity of, 109
true, 59–60, 69, 73–4, 75, 78, 82–3, 114, 124, 126–7, 138, 141, 147, 176, 202–3; phantasticized, 141
unembodied, 69 ff., 74, 78, 87, 150
self-affirmation, 130
self-condemnation, 68
self-consciousness, 74, 76, 103, 106 ff.
self-recognition, 138
self-scrutiny, 112
settings, existential, two basic, 67
‘shutupness’, 74, 84, 125, 147
shyness, 107
significance, need of, 54
signs of disease, 28–9, 32 ff., 44, 165
sleep, 119
Socrates, 68
Soviet psychiatry, 181
speech, schizophrenic’s, 163
splits, molar and molecular, 196
mind-body, 65
secondary, 83
of self, 158
self-body, 78–9, 162, 166, 174–5
see also depersonalization; dissociation
La Strada (film), 155
‘subjective’, use of term, 25
Sullivan, Harry Stack, 34, 42 n., 172
system, false-self, 73–4, 138, 142, 168, 174, 187
history of, 148
See also self, false
terminology, see vocabulary, technical,
terror, 145
thinking, compulsive, 59
Trilling, Lionel, 39 ff., 70 n.
truth:
‘real’ and ‘existential’, 37–8
unconscious, the, 56–7
understanding and explanation, 32 ff.
unreliability, 59
vacuum, 45, 75, 77, 80, 90, 168
van den Berg, J. H., 27
verbal behaviour, 21–2
visibility, danger of, 110–11
vocabulary, technical, 19–20
weaning, 185
whole, unitary, concept of, 19
Wiener, N., 195
Winnicott, D. W., 45, 67 n., 94 n.
Wittgenstein, L., 19
Wolberg, A. R., 94 n.
Wolf, A., 94 n.
word-salad, 196
world:
feasible, 189
man and, 19–20
shared, 138
Yeats, W. B., 137
REFERENCES TO CASES
David, 69 ff., 74, 101, 103, 111
James, 47 ff., 52–5, 91, 97, 98, 102, 111, 113–14, 140 ff., 143–4, 146, 157
Julie, 178 ff.
Marie, 153 ff.