In respect to these, what we have noted in the preceding chapter should be noted especially, nor is it necessary to illustrate it by examples. However, they differ most strongly in this, that their intensive forms are always without any dagesh punctuation which gutturals cannot have, and in place of the dagesh they do not usually change the preceding vowel from a short to a long one. Other intensive verbs, as we have said, usually double the middle letter of the root, or when this cannot be done, change the preceding vowel into a long one, like for
, and
for
. But I have said that the verbs of this conjugation cannot double the middle, nor do they usually change the preceding syllable on that account. Thus
to be merry has the intensive
to make merry (play), and
to burn has
to kindle, and
to cleanse,
to administer, or to perform the sacred service,
to stir up. But in many cases those which have an
do change the syllable into a long vowel like
to explain,
to be unwilling,
to loathe, and others likewise. Finally with regard to compound verbs, composed of this and the preceding conjugations, it should be noted this can be learned easily from the preceding.
1. [Term not used by Spinoza.—M.L.M.]