Notes
INTRODUCTION
1. Alexander Roos, James Tucker, Fabrice Roghé, Marc Rodt, and Sebastian Stange, CFO Excellence Series: The Art of Planning (Boston, MA: Boston Consulting Group, 2017) http://image-src.bcg.com/Images/BCG-Art-of-Planning-Apr-2017_tcm30 -153928.pdf.
2. Kasey Panetta, Gartner CEO Survey, Gartner.com, April 27, 2017, https://www .gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/2017-ceo-survey-infographic/.
3. Gartner, “Gartner Survey Reveals that CEO Priorities are Shifting to Embrace Digital Business,” Gartner.com, May 1, 2018, https://www.gartner.com/newsroom /id/3873663.
4. Nicole Forsgren, PhD, Jez Humble, and Gene Kim, Accelerate: The Science of Lean Software and DevOps: Building and Scaling High Performing Technology Organizations (Portland, OR: IT Revolution Press, 2018), Kindle locations 348–351.
5. Ankur Agrawal, Brian Dinneen, and Ishaan Seth, “Are Today’s CFOs Ready for Tomorrow’s Demands on Finance?” McKinsey.com, December 2016, https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/are-todays-cfos-ready-for-tomorrows-demands-on-finance.
6. Julien Ghesquieres, Jeff Kotzen, Tim Nolan, Marc Rodt, Alexander Roos, and James Tucker, “The Art of Performance Management” (Boston, MA: Boston Consulting Group, 2017), https://www.bcg.com/en-us/publications/2017/finance -function-excellence-corporate-development-art-performance-management.aspx.
7. Ghesquieres et al., “The Art of Performance Management.”
8. Kimberly A. Whitler, Neil A. Morgan, D. Eric Boyd, and Daniel McGinn, “The Trouble with CMOs,” Harvard Business Review, July 1, 2017, https://hbr.org/product /the-trouble-with-cmos/R1704B-HCB-ENG.
9. David Court, “The Evolving Role of the CMO,” McKinsey Quarterly, August 2007, https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/marketing-and-sales/our-insights /the-evolving-role-of-the-cmo.
10. Ideas in this paragraph are paraphrased from: EY Reporting, “10 Priorities for Boards and Audit Committees in 2018,” EY, February 7, 2018, https://www.ey .com/gl/en/services/assurance/ey-reporting-10-priorities-for-boards-and-audit -committees-in-2018.
11. Pedja Arandjelovic, Libby Bulin, and Naufal Khan, “Why CIOs Should be Business- Strategy Partners,” McKinsey.com, February 2015, http://www.mckinsey.com /business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/why-cios-should-be-business -strategy-partners.
12. Arandjelovic, Bulin, and Khan, “Why CIOs Should be Business-Strategy Partners.”
13. KPMG as cited in Workday Staff Writers on Finance, “6 Priorities CEOs Care Most About,” Workday.com, April 12, 2016, https://blogs.workday.com/6-priorities-ceos -care-most-about/.
14. Geoffrey A. Moore, Zone to Win: Organizing to Compete in an Age of Disruption (New York: Diversion Books, 2015), Kindle locations 113–134.
15. C. K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel, “The Core Competence of the Corporation,” Harvard Business Review, May-June 1990: 79–91, https://web.archive.org/web /20140714112311/http:/km.camt.cmu.ac.th/mskm/952743/Extra%20materials /corecompetence.pdf.
16. Joseph A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy (New York: Harper Perennial, 1942).
17. Stephen Denning, The Age of Agile: How Smart Companies are Transforming the Way Work Gets Done (New York: American Management Association, 2018), Kindle locations 175–176.
18. George Westerman, Didier Bonnet, and Andrew McAfee, Leading Digital: Turning Technology into Business Transformation (Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press, 2014), 157.
19. Brendan McGowan, “Communication Between IT and Non-IT Workers in a State of Crisis,” CIO Magazine, May 18, 2015, Results from the CEC’s 2015 Power of Effective IT Communication Benchmark Survey.” https://www.cio.com/article/2923452 /it-organization/communication-between-it-and-non-it-workers-in-a-state-of -crisis.html.
20. Steve Tack, “15 Ways to Bridge the Gap Between IT and Business,” APM Digest, November 19, 2012, https://www.apmdigest.com/apm-bridge-gap-between-it-and -business.
21. “Bimodal,” Gartner.com, accessed on November 26, 2018, https://www.gartner.com/it-glossary/bimodal/. Jez Humble talks about the problems with Gartner’s bi-modal approach in https://continuousdelivery.com/2016/04/the-flaw-at-the -heart-of-bimodal-it/.
22. D. L. Nelson, “The Economics of Bobbleheads,” Athletics Nation, June 13, 2013, https://www.athleticsnation.com/2013/6/13/4420506/the-economics-of-bobble heads.
CHAPTER 1
1. Stephen Denning, The Age of Agile, Kindle locations 917–918.
2. Laura Noonan, “JP Morgan’s Requirement for New Staff: Coding Lessons,” Financial Times, October 7, 2018.
3. Jeff Patton, User Story Mapping: Discover the Whole Story, Build the Right Product (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly, 2014), 26.
4. Jez Humble, Joanne Molesky, and Barry O’Reilly, Lean Enterprise: How High Performance Organizations Innovate at Scale (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly, 2015), 179.
5. Jim Highsmith, Adaptive Leadership: Accelerating Enterprise Agility (Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2014, Kindle locations 1042–1043.
6. Samuel Greengard, “Tackling the High Cost of Unused Software,” CIO Insight, November 18, 2014, https://www.cioinsight.com/blogs/tackling-the-high-cost-of -unused-software.html#sthash.XjTc9Ukr.dpuf.
7. Agile Alliance, “Manifesto for Agile Software Development,” AgileManifesto.org, 2001, http://agilemanifesto.org/.
8. Westerman, Leading Digital, 233.
9. Pascal van Cauwenberghe, “How Do You Estimate the Business Value of User Stories? You Don’t.” Thinking for a Change blog, December 30, 2009, http://blog .nayima.be/2009/12.
10. Richard Hunter and George Westerman, The Real Business of IT: How CIOs Create and Communicate Value (Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press, 2009), Kindle locations 154–156.
11. Moore, Zone to Win, Kindle locations 765–770.
CHAPTER 2
1. Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace, trans. Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky. (New York: Vintage Classics, 2007) 799–800.
2. Tolstoy, War and Peace, 800.
3. Carl von Clausewitz, On War (Create Space Publishing Platform, 2012), 101
4. Atul Gawande, The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2009), 23.
5. Gawande, The Checklist Manifesto, 24.
6. Gawande, The Checklist Manifesto, 24.
7. John Henry Clippinger III, ed., The Biology of Business: Decoding the Natural Laws of Enterprise (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1999), 10.
8. Clippinger, The Biology of Business, 5.
9. Peter Weill and Jeanne W. Ross, IT Savvy: What Top Executives Must Know to Go from Pain to Gain (Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press, 2009), Kindle locations 1822–1825.
10. Clippinger, The Biology of Business, 2–3.
11. Clippinger, The Biology of Business, 133.
12. A. M. Gray, Warfighting (New York: Crown, 1995), 82–83.
13. Tolstoy, War and Peace, 772–773.
14. John Lewis Gaddis, On Grand Strategy (New York: Penguin Press, 2018), 212–213.
15. Paul Drnevitch and David Croson, “Information Technology and Business-Level Strategy: Toward an Integrated Theoretical Perspective,” MIS Quarterly 37, no. 2 (June 2013): 498.
16. Christopher Avery, “Responsible Change,” Cutter Consortium Agile Project Management Executive Report 6, no. 10 (2005): 22–23.
CHAPTER 3
1. Gray, Warfighting, 11.
2. Gray, Warfighting, 79.
3. Mary Poppendieck and Tom Poppendieck, Lean Software Development: An Agile Toolkit (Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2003), 4.
4. Forsgren, Humble, and Kim, Accelerate, Kindle locations 604–605.
5. Forsgren, Humble, and Kim, Accelerate, Kindle locations 1500–1503.
6. Forsgren, Humble, and Kim, Accelerate, Kindle locations 2734–2735
7. The first known reference seems to be from David Guest, “The Hunt is on for the Renaissance Man of Computing,” The Independent, September 17, 1991. The idea was popularized by Tim Brown of IDEO.
8. Forsgren, Humble, and Kim, Accelerate, Kindle locations 2738–2740.
9. Forsgren, Humble, and Kim, Accelerate, Kindle locations 434–436.
10. Forsgren, Humble, and Kim, Accelerate, Kindle location 925.
11. Forsgren, Humble, and Kim, Accelerate, Kindle locations 1079–1080.
12. Eric Ries, The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses (New York: Crown, 2011), 61.
13. Eric Ries, The Startup Way: How Modern Companies Use Entrepreneurial Management to Transform Culture and Drive Long-Term Growth (New York: Currency, 2017), 86.
14. Ries, The Startup Way, 89–94.
SIDE GLANCE: THE GRAPHS
1. Adapted from Fred Brooks Jr., The Mythical Man-Month (Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995), figure 2.4, 19.
2. Adapted from Forsgren, Humble, and Kim, Accelerate, figure 5.1, 65.
3. Adapted from Maurice Dawson, Darrell Norman Burrell, Emad Rahim, Stephen Brewster, “Integrating Software Assurance into the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC),” Journal of Information Systems Technology & Planning 3, no. 6: January 2010, Figure 3, p. 51, https://www.researchgate.net/figure/255965523_fig1 _Figure-3-IBM-System-Science-Institute-Relative-Cost-of-Fixing-Defects.
4. Adapted from Elizabeth Hendrickson, Agile Quality and Risk Management, SlideShare .net, August 6, 2013, slides 9 and 11, https://www.slideshare.net/ehendrickson /to-aqarm-sm?next_slideshow=1.
5. Adapted from Sonatype, 2018 State of the Software Supply Chain (Fulton, MD: Sonatype, 2018), 7.
6. Adapted from Donald G. Reinertsen, The Principles of Product Development Flow: Second Generation Lean Product Development (Redondo Beach, CA: Celeritas Publishing, 2009).
CHAPTER 4
1. The Standish Group Report: Chaos (Boston, MA: The Standish Group, 1995), https://www.projectsmart.co.uk/white-papers/chaos-report.pdf.
2. Bob Sullivan, “Agile, Waterfall, Brooks’ Law, and 94% Failure Rates—There’s Lots to Learn from HealthCare.gov Troubles,” BobSullivan.net, October 22, 2013, https://bobsullivan.net/cybercrime/technology-run-amok/agile-waterfall-brooks-law-and -94-failure-rates-theres-lots-to-learn-from-healthcare-gov-troubles/.
3. IBM, Making Change Work, (Somers, NY: IBM Corp, 2008), 9, http://www-935.ibm .com/services/us/gbs/bus/pdf/gbe03100-usen-03-making-change-work.pdf.
4. KPMG New Zealand Project Management Survey 2010 (New Zealand: KPMG, 2010), http://www.beconfident.co.nz/files/events/Project-Management-Survey-report %20copy.pdf; italics added.
5. Michael Bloch, Sven Blumberg, Jürgen Laartz, “Delivering Large-Scale IT Projects On Time, On Budget, and On Value,” McKinsey.com, October 2012, https://www .mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/delivering-large -scale-it-projects-on-time-on-budget-and-on-value.
6. Bloch, Blumberg, Laartz, “Delivering Large IT Projects.”
7. “Why up to 75% of Software Projects Will Fail,” Geneca.com, January 25, 2017, https://www.geneca.com/why-up-to-75-of-software-projects-will-fail/.
8. Bloch, Blumberg, Laartz, “Delivering Large-Scale IT Projects On Time.”
9. Tom DeMarco, Why Does Software Cost So Much?: And Other Puzzles of the Information Age (New York: Dorset House Publishing Company, 1995), 3.
10. DeMarco, Why Does Software Cost So Much?, 4.
11. Peter Weill and Jeanne W. Ross, IT Governance: How Top Performers Manage IT Decision Rights for Superior Results (Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press, 2004), 16.
12. Dan Strumpf, “U.S. Public Companies Rise Again,” Wall Street Journal, February 5, 2014, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304851104579363272107177430.
13. Mary Ellen Biery, “4 Things You Don’t Know About Private Companies,” Forbes, May 26, 2013, http://www.forbes.com/sites/sageworks/2013/05/26/4-things-you -dont-know-about-private-companies/.
14. Bill Javetski, Cait Murphy, and Mark Staples, eds., Perspectives on Founder- and Family-Owned Businesses (New York: McKinsey and Co., 2014), 4.
15. Belén Villalonga, “Growing, Financing, and Managing Family and Closely Held Firms,” Harvard Business School Course Number 1402 description, accessed October 18, 2018, http://www.hbs.edu/coursecatalog/1402.html.
16. National Venture Capital Association Yearbook 2015 (Washington, DC: Thomson Reuters, 2015).
17. Brice S. McKeever and Sarah L. Pettijohn, The Nonprofit Sector in Brief 2014, (Washington, DC: Urban Institute Center on Nonprofits and Philanthropy, 2014), http: //www.urban.org/sites/default/publication/33711/413277-The-Nonprofit -Sector-in-Brief--.PDF.
18. Drnevitch and Croson, “Information Technology and Business-Level Strategy,” 496.
19. Moore, Zone to Win, Kindle location 156.
20. Clayton Christensen, The Innovator’s Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail (Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015) Kindle locations 2025–2029.
21. Drnevitch and Croson, “Information Technology and Business-Level Strategy,” 484.
22. Drnevitch and Croson, “Information Technology and Business-Level Strategy,” 486.
23. Drnevitch and Croson, “Information Technology and Business-Level Strategy,” 497.
SIDE GLANCE: HUMILITY AND HUBRIS
1. Mental Floss UK, “17 Famous Authors and Their Rejections,” Mental Floss, May 16, 2017, http://mentalfloss.com/article/91169/16-famous-authors-and-their-rejections.
2. Joshua Moraes, “20 Famous People Who Faced Rejection Before They Made it Big,” SchoopWhoop.com, June 23, 2015, https://www.scoopwhoop.com/inothernews /famous-people-rejected/#.3l2ysbcfu.
3. Highsmith, Adaptive Leadership, Kindle locations 2000–2001.
4. Ries, The Startup Way, 115.
5. Coined by Robert K. Greenleaf, Servant Leadership: A Journey into the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness (Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 1977).
6. Tolstoy, War and Peace, 785–786.
7. Clippinger, The Biology of Business, 22.
8. Tolstoy, War and Peace, 781.
CHAPTER 5
1. Moore, Zone to Win, Kindle locations 301–304.
2. Michael Feathers, Working Effectively with Legacy Code (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall PTR, 2005), xvi.
3. Eric S. Raymond, The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly, 2001), 117.
4. Raymond, The Cathedral and the Bazaar, 119.
5. Raymond, The Cathedral and the Bazaar, 120.
6. Forsgren, Humble, and Kim, Accelerate, Kindle locations 1029–1031.
CHAPTER 6
1. Ulrich Pidun, Marc Rodt, Alexander Roos, Sebastian Stange, and James Tucker, CFO Excellence Series: The Art of Risk Management (Boston, MA: Boston Consulting Group, 2017), https://www.bcg.com/en-us/publications/2017/finance-function -excellence-corporate-development-art-risk-management.aspx.
2. Pidun et al., The Art of Risk Management.
3. Pidun et al., The Art of Risk Management.
4. Pidun et al., The Art of Risk Management.
5. William Samuelson and Richard Zeckhauser, “Status Quo Bias in Decision Making,” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 1, no. 1 (1988): 7–59.
6. Rob Henderson, “How Powerful Is Status Quo Bias?” Psychology Today blog, September 29, 2016, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/after-service/201609 /how-powerful-is-status-quo-bias.
7. Daniel Kahneman, Jack L. Knetsch, and Richard H. Thaler, “Anomalies: The Endowment Effect, Loss Aversion, and Status Quo Bias,” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 5, no. 1 (1991): 193–206.
8. Gray, Warfighting, 8.
9. Highsmith, Adaptive Leadership, Kindle locations 1638–1639.
10. Xerxes quoted in Gaddis, On Grand Strategy, 3.
11. Highsmith, Adaptive Leadership, Kindle locations 1782–1784.
12. Leonard Mlodinow, The Drunkard’s Walk: How Randomness Rules Our Lives (New York: Vintage, 2009), 53–56.
13. Mlodinow, The Drunkard’s Walk, xx.
CHAPTER 7
1. Ross and Weill, IT Governance, 12.
2. Hunter and Westerman, The Real Business of IT, Kindle locations 1216–1217.
3. Hunter and Westerman, The Real Business of IT, Kindle locations 941–943.
4. Cauwenberghe, “How Do You Estimate the Business Value of User Stories?”
5. Gojko Adzic, Impact Mapping: Making a Big Impact with Software Products and Projects (Woking, UK: Provoking Thoughts, 2012), Kindle locations 162–164.
6. Adzic, Impact Mapping, Kindle locations 207–209.
7. Adzic, Impact Mapping, Kindle locations 270–273.
SIDE GLANCE: INNOVATION
1. Joseph A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy (New York: Harper Perennial, 1962).
2. Edgar Schein, The Corporate Culture Survival Guide (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2009), 105.
3. Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1958), 9.
4. Jan Gonda, “The Hindu Trinity,” Anthropos 63/64, no ½ (1968): 212–226. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40457085?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
5. James G. Lochtefeld, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 147, entry for Chidambaram. ISBN 978-0-8239-3179-8. Cited in Wikipedia (Nataraja).
6. James G. Lochtefeld (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z (New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2002), 464–466.
7. Jeremy Roberts, Japanese Mythology A to Z (New York: Chelsea House, 2010), 28.
8. Igor Stravinsky, Poetics of Music in the Form of Six Lessons (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1942), 65.
9. Drnevitch and Croson, “Information Technology and Business-Level Strategy,” 498.
10. Ries, The Startup Way, 37–38.
11. Sarah L. Kaufman, Jayne Orenstein, Sarah Hashemi, Elizabeth Hart, and Shelly Tan, “Art in an Instant: The Secrets of Improvisation,” The Washington Post, June 7, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2018/lifestyle/science-behind -improv-performance/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.6f05d5e77fa1.
12. Kaufman, et al., “Art in an Instant.”
13. Deborah Ancona and Henrik Bresman, X-Teams: How to Build Teams that Lead, Innovate, and Succeed (Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press, 2007), Kindle location 267.
14. Ancona and Bresman, X-Teams, Kindle location 667.
15. Ancona and Bresman, X-Teams, Kindle locations 673–794.
CHAPTER 8
1. Max Weber, Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology, ed. by Guenther Roth and Claus Witch (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1978), 223.
2. Daniel Katz and Robert L. Kahn, The Social Psychology of Organizations (New York: Wiley, 1966), 222.
3. Daniel Wren and Arthur Bedeian, The Evolution of Management Thought, 6th ed. (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2009), 233.
4. Weber, Economy and Society, 975.
5. Weber, Economy and Society, 975.
6. Hirotaka Takeuchi and Ikujiro Nonaka, “The New New Product Development Game,” Harvard Business Review, January 1986, https://hbr.org/1986/01/the-new-new -product-development-game.
7. Paul S. Adler, The “Learning Bureaucracy”: New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. (Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California, School of Business Administration, 1992), 64. https://www.marshall.usc.edu/sites/default/files/padler/intellcont /NUMMI%28ROB%29-1.pdf.
8. Analysis of Alternatives, DHS Acquisition Instruction/Guidebook #102-01-001: Appendix G, Interim Version 1.9, November 7, 2008. https://dau.gdit.com/aqn201a /pdfs/Appendix_G_Analysis_of_Alternatives_(AoA)_Interim_v1_9_dtd_11-07-08 .pdf; A 56-page explanation of how to use it may be found at https://www.anser.org /docs/reports/AOA%20Methodologies%20Considerations%20for%20DHS%20Acq%20Analysis.pdf.
9. Schein, The Corporate Culture Survival Guide, 27.
10. Avery, “Responsible Change,” 22–23.
11. John Shook. “How to Change a Culture: Lessons from NUMMI,” MIT Sloan Management Review 51, no. 2 (2010): 63.
SIDE GLANCE: SECURITY
1. “These Cybercrime Statistics Will Make You Think Twice About Your Password: Where’s the CSI Cyber Team When You Need Them?,” CBS, March 3, 2015, https://www.cbs.com/shows/csi-cyber/news/1003888/these-cybercrime-statistics-will -make-you-think-twice-about-your-password-where-s-the-csi-cyber-team-when -you-need-them-/.
2. Rugged Software, Rugged Handbook, https://www.ruggedsoftware.org/wp-content /uploads/2013/11 /Rugged-Handbook-v7.pdf, 6.
CHAPTER 9
1. Highsmith, Adaptive Leadership, Kindle locations 1558–1560.
2. Peter Weill and Jeanne W. Ross, IT Savvy, Kindle locations 860–893.
3. “AWS Case Study: Intuit,” AWS website, accessed February 12, 2019, https://aws .amazon.com/solutions/case-studies/intuit-cloud-migration/.
4. “Under Armour Case Study,” AWS website, accessed February 12, 2019, https://aws .amazon.com/solutions/case-studies/under-armour/.
5. Tim Mullaney, “Obama Adviser: Demand Overwhelmed HealthCare.gov,” USA Today, October 5, 2013, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/10/05 /health-care-website-repairs/2927597/.
6. Alexander Roos, James Tucker, Fabrice Roghé, Marc Rodt, and Sebastian Strange, “The Art of Planning,” BCG blog, April 30, 2017, https://www.bcg.com/en-us/publi cations/2017/strategic-art-planning.aspx.
7. Roos et al., “The Art of Planning.”
8. Bjarte Bogsnes, Implementing Beyond Budgeting: Unlocking the Performance Potential (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons, 2009), Kindle locations 542–543.
9. Bogsnes, Implementing Beyond Budgeting, Kindle locations 547–548.
10. Bogsnes, Implementing Beyond Budgeting, Kindle locations 195–196.
11. Ries, The Startup Way, 26–27.
12. Christensen, The Innovator’s Dilemma, Kindle locations 382–386.
13. Highsmith, Adaptive Leadership, Kindle location 877.
SIDE GLANCE: THE CLOUD AND THE FUTURE
1. “AWS Case Study: Intuit,” AWS website.
2. See the following case studies: “Mark Schwartz, DHS, CIS CIO Shares How Agencies are Modernizing and Accelerating the Pace of IT,” YouTube video, 9:40, posted by Amazon Web Services, July 20, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Whbed 3dAxiU; Kim S. Nash, “J.P. Morgan Set to Run First Apps in Public Cloud,” Wall Street Journal, March 30, 2017, https://blogs.wsj.com/cio/2017/03/30/j-p-morgan-set-to -run-first-apps-in-public-cloud/; “Capital One Case Study,” AWS website, accessed February 12, 2019, https://aws.amazon.com/solutions/case-studies/capital-one /; “Netflix Case Study,” AWS website, accessed February 12, 2019, https://aws .amazon.com/solutions/case-studies/netflix/; “Expedia Increases Agility and Resiliency by Going All In on AWS,” AWS website, accessed February 12, 2019, https://aws.amazon.com/solutions/case-studies/expedia/.
3. “About McDonald’s,” AWS website, accessed February 12, 2019, https://aws .amazon.com/solutions/case-studies/mcdonalds/.
4. “AWS Case Study: McDonald’s Home Delivery,” AWS website, accessed February 12, 2019, https://aws.amazon.com/solutions/case-studies/mcdonalds-home-delivery/.
5. Jeff Barr, “GE Oil & Gas—Digital Transformation in the Cloud,” AWS News Blog, May 2, 2016, https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/ge-oil-gas-digital-transformation -in-the-cloud/; “GE Oil & Gas Saves Millions with AWS,” PolarSeven, accessed February 12, 2019, https://polarseven.com/ge-oil-gas-saves-millions-with-aws/.
6. “AWS Case Study: BMW,” AWS website, accessed February 12, 2019, https://aws .amazon.com/solutions/case-studies/bmw/.
7. Jeff Bar, “Natural Language Processing at Clemson University—1.1 Million vCPUs & EC2 Spot Instances,” AWS News Blog, September 28, 2017, https://aws.amazon .com/blogs/aws/natural-language-processing-at-clemson-university-1-1-million -vcpus-ec2-spot-instances/.
8. “International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children Case Study,” AWS website, accessed February 12, 2019, https://aws.amazon.com/solutions/case-studies /icmec/.
9. “FINRA Case Study,” AWS website, accessed February 12, 2019, https://aws .amazon.com/solutions/case-studies/finra/.
10. “C-SPAN Case Study,” AWS website, accessed February 12, 2019, https://aws .amazon.com/solutions/case-studies/cspan/.
11. “An Eye on Science: How Stanford Students Turned Classwork into Their Life’s Work,” AWS Government, Education, & Nonprofits Blog, October 4, 2016, https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/publicsector/an-eye-on-science-how-stanford-students -turned -classwork-into-their-lifes-work/.
12. “Fraud.net Case Study,” AWS website, accessed February 12, 2019, https://aws .amazon.com/solutions/case-studies/fraud-dot-net/.
13. Derek Hernandez, “Hudl raises $30MM to Bring Cutting-Edge Sports Analytics to Teams around the World,” Hudl blog, July 6, 2017, https://www.hudl.com/blog /hudl-raises-30mm-to-bring-cutting-edge-sports-analytics-to-teams-around-the -world.
CHAPTER 10
1. John P. Kotter, A Sense of Urgency (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Review Press, 2008), Kindle Edition.
CHAPTER 11
1. Pierre Branda, “Did the War Pay for the War? An Assessment of Napoleon’s Attempts to Make His Campaigns Self-Financing,” Napoleonica La Revue 3, no. 2 (2008): 2–15. https://www.cairn.info/revue-napoleonica-la-revue-2008-3-page-2.htm.
2. “CFOs Play a Major Role in Digital Investment Decisions Across the Enterprise, According to Latest Accenture Research,” Accenture news release, September 12, 2018, https://newsroom.accenture.com/news/cfos-play-a-major-role-in-digital-in vestment-decisions-across-the-enterprise-according-to-latest-accenture-research .htm.
3. Amanda Houston, “Expert Interview: Jeanette Wade, CFO, Executive Office of Technology Services & Security,” Innovation Enterprise Channels, accessed on November 26, 2018, https://channels.theinnovationenterprise.com/articles/expert-interview -jeanette-wade-cfo-executive-office-of-technology-services-security.
4. Ghesquieres, et al. “The Art of Performance Management.”
5. “Today’s CFO Strategic Role: Changing the Game Plan for Tomorrow,” GrantThorn ton.com, March 27, 2017, https://www.grantthornton.com/library/survey-reports /CFO-survey/2017/changing-game-plan-for-tomorrow.aspx.
6. David Court, “The Evolving Role of the CMO,” McKinsey Quarterly, August 2007, https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/marketing-and-sales/our-insights /the-evolving-role-of-the-cmo.