Illustrations

Unless otherwise indicated, photos were taken by the authors.

1.1The Picos de Europa (Peaks of Europe, Cantabria)
1.2The Toros de Guisando (Bulls of Guisando) near Ávila
2.1Remains of fortification walls in Tarragona (Catalonia). Photo courtesy of Lawrence V. Mott.
2.2The great aqueduct of Segovia
2.3The elaborate proscenium of the Roman theatre in Mérida (Extremadura)
2.4Roman road in the Gredos range of the Central Mountains
2.5Crown bearing the name of King Recceswinth (mid seventh century CE). Courtesy of the Archivo Fotográfico, Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Madrid.
2.6San Pedro de la Nave, c. 680–711 (Zamora)
3.1The Great Mosque at Córdoba (Andalusia)
3.2The Torre del Oro (Tower of Gold) in Seville
3.3The entry portico of the co-cathedral of Santa María in Guadalajara (Castile-La Mancha)
3.4The graceful Romanesque bridge at Puente la Reina (Navarre)
3.5Cloister of the convent of Las Dueñas (Salamanca)
4.1The Alhambra Palace, Granada
4.2Frontier castle at Peñafiel (Castile-León), overlooking the Duero River valley
4.3La Alberca near Salamanca (Castile-León)
4.4Cathedral of Santa María, Burgos
4.5Church of San Pablo, Valladolid (Castile-León)
4.6Lonja de los Mercaderes (Merchants’ Exchange) in Valencia. Photo courtesy of EFE News Service (US).
4.7The palace of Infantado in Guadalajara (Castile-La Mancha)
5.1The Roman bridge over the Tormes River in Salamanca (Castile-León). Photo courtesy of EFE News Service (US).
5.2(a) Plaza mayor, Salamanca; (b) Plaza mayor, Mérida (Extremadura)
5.3Kitchen hearth in the house–museum of the painter El Greco in Toledo
5.4Casa Lonja (House of Trade) in Seville
5.5Seville by Alonso Sánchez Coello. Reproduced courtesy of the Museo de América, Madrid.
5.6The royal palace in Madrid
6.1Paper factory in Prat de Llobregat (Barcelona). Photo by “Jordi” in España en blanco y negro, by Juan Miguel Sánchez Vigil. and Manuel Durán Blázquez (Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 1998), p. 138. Reproduced courtesy of Archivo Espasa, Madrid.
6.2Comida de bodas en Bergantiños, by Fernando Álvarez de Sotomayor (1875–1960). Reproduced courtesy of the Museo de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Madrid.
6.3The building in Barcelona known as “La Pedrera” (the stone quarry), by the architect Antoni Gaudí. Photo courtesy of EFE News Service (US).
7.1Poster, produced by the Communist Party of Spain, urging voters to choose the affiliated parties of the Popular Front in the elections of 1936. Reproduced with permission from the Collecció Cartells del Pavelló de la República / Universitat de Barcelona.
7.2Falange Party poster. Reproduced with permission from the Collecció Cartells del Pavelló de la República / Universitat de Barcelona.
7.3Street sign in Oñate (Guipúzcoa)
8.1The Roman bridge over the Guadiana River, Mérida
8.2The Alamillo bridge over the Guadalquivir River in Seville
8.3Street demonstrations after March 11, 2004, terrorist attacks. Photo courtesy of EFE News Service (US).
8.4María Teresa Fernández de la Vega, Vice-President under President José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, with female reporters and government workers at the Moncloa Palace, the seat of government, in 2004. Photo courtesy of EFE News Service (US).