abuse, child, 3, 13–15, 28, 39–40, 50–51, 55–68, 112, 210, 219, 237–239; medicalization of, 58; physical, 64; satanic (or sadistic) ritual, 33–35, 113, 116–117, 284n.21; sexual, 28, 62–68, 194, 262
accident, 185
action: under a description, 192, 234, 247; intentional, 234; memory of, 249; rediscription of, 192, 249
AIDS, 15
Alice in Wonderland, 18
alternating personality, 69, 128, 223
alters, 18, 226, 266; age of, 51, 76, 279n.27; angelic, 157; child, 29, 37, 43, 228; contracts with, 28; cult, 119; and false consciousness, 266; fragments, 17, 27, 236, 271n.24; gender of, 51, 69, 76–79; number of, 21, 51, 77; persecutor, vicious, 24, 71, 77, 151, 168, 236; protective, rescuer, 28, 47, 49, 77; shared skills of, 228
ambulatory automatism, 170
American Medical Association, 58
American Psychiatric Association, 8, 9, 11, 47, 51
amnesia, 3, 22, 23, 25, 33, 72, 184, 189, 206, 208, 223, 264; anterograde, retrograde, 190; traumatic, 208; two-way, 154, 170
Amytal interview, 42
Anscombe, G.E.M., 234, 248–249, 279n.2
anthropometry, 201
antipsychiatry, 138
anxiety neuroses, 194
apperception: centers of, 229; transcendental unity of, 230
Aquinas, T., 202
As the World Turns, 50
attention deficit disorder, 145
Aubrey, J., 218
Augustine, 218
Austin, J. L., 11
autonomic nervous system, 31
autoscopy, 278n.12
Azam, E., 148, 171, 207, 228; bibliography of, 288n.1; biography of, 160; and Broca, 161, 203; on criminal responsibility, 49; and hypnotism, 161; on Louis Vivet, 182; and Louise Lateau, 165; presents Felida as double personality, 159; on total somnambulism, 157; on traumatic amnesia, 190–191
Bach, S., 138
Ballet, Dr., 275n.39
Barnum, P. T., 36
battered baby syndrome, 58, 60, 61, 80
Beahrs, J., 270n.21
Beauchamp, Miss Sally, 132, 228, 231
Belasco, D., 232
Bellanger, A.-R., 279n.22
Bernheim, H., 172
Bernstein, E. M. See Carlson, Eve Bernstein
Bertrand, A.-J.-F., 155
Bianchi, Kenneth, 49
biography, 218
bio-politics, 214
bisexuality, 77
Blanche Wittman, 191
Bleuler, E., 128–134, 138, 151
Bonaparte, M., 132
Boor, M., 52
Bouchut, F., 169
Bourne, Ansel, 223
Bourreau, A., 147
Bowers, M. K., 276n.46
brain, dual hemispheres of, 154, 169. See also head injury
Braun, B. G., 17, 52, 60, 117, 123, 277n.2
Breuer, J., 77, 86, 129, 137, 150, 166, 181, 191, 193, 273n.5
Briquet, P., 218
Brouardel, P., 275n.9
Browne, J. Crichton, 153–154, 162
cancer, 15
Carlson, E. T., 152
Carlson, Eve Bernstein, 97, 101–102, 110, 151
Carruthers, M., 201
Carter, C. K., 295n.14
catalepsy, 160
catatonia, 138
cause, causation, 12–15, 59, 73, 86–95
Cavell, M., 272n.24
Central Intelligence Agency, 125
Charcot, J.-M., 5, 133, 135, 169, 187, 191, 205, 275n.39; on ambulatory automatism, 170; as expert witness, 50; and Freud, 183, 192; on hypnotism, 144, 156, 171; on hysteria, 155; on metallotherapy, 172
Children’s Aid Society, 56
Chomsky, N., 199
Chu, J. A., 109, 270n.15, 283n.42
Cicero, 201
clairvoyance, 154
Collège de France, chair of psychology at, 159, 165, 207
Collins, W., 189
Comaroff, J., 126
Comte, A., 163
Condillac, E. B. de, 163
Condon, R., 119
conscience, 49
consciousness, 18, 19, 150, 160, 164, 221, 225; co-consciousness, 27, 130; of self, 223
consent, by multiple personality patient, 51
construct validity, 98, 281n.9
construction. See social construction
Continuing Medical Education (CME), 53
coping, coping mechanism, 13–14, 28, 43, 47, 74, 87, 93, 120, 226, 256
Crabtree, A., 149, 151, 173, 270n.21
cruelty to children, 56
Davidson, D., 279n.2, 294nn. 2 and 3
Davis, D., 37
dédoublement, 160, 161–165, 171, 175–176, 207
Delannay, 200
Deleuze, G., 184
DeMause, L., 242
dementia, 208
depersonalization, 102, 137, 164, 278n.12
derealization, 102
désagrégation, 44
Despine, C.H.A., 45, 156, 288n.26
Dewey, R., 279n.24
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), 15, 22, 24; DSM-III, 10, 20, 26, 51, 102, 107, 180; DSM-III-R, 10, 52, 107, 269n.10, 271n.34; DSM-IV, 10, 17, 18, 22, 90, 102, 107, 133, 140, 142, 188, 271n.34; DSM-V, 19
Diderot, D., 148
dissociation, 15, 150; “dissociation,” 44; linear continuum of, 24, 89, 96–98, 107–110, 145, 230; measurement of, 89, 96–110
Dissociation, 39, 45, 52, 114, 115
dissociative disorders, 15
Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule (DDIS), 107
Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), 96, 100, 101, 280n.6
dissociative identity disorder, 3, 17–18, 54, 71, 232, 237, 266; criteria for, 19
Dissociative Questionnaire (DQ), 281n.11
dissociative trance disorder, 142
Donovan, D. M., 88, 91–92, 242, 280n.16
Dostoyevsky, F., 40, 72, 127, 278n.12
double consciousness, 21, 27, 69, 128, 148, 150, 164, 166, 169, 184, 216, 221; double conscience, 150, 160
Douglas, M., 146
Dubrow, J., 52
Durrell, L., 123
eating disorders, 16, 26, 109, 120, 151, 272n.10
Egger, V., 168
Ellenberger, H., 40, 43, 50, 130, 151, 195–196, 269n.4, 278n.11
epidemiology, 69
Erichsen, J. E., 185
ethical theory, types of, 65, 263
etiology, 43, 55, 61, 85, 88, 93, 114, 137. See also cause
Eve, 34, 40–41, 232. See also Sizemore, C. C.; Three Faces of Eve, The
extrasensory powers, 154
false consciousness, 79, 258–267
False Memory Syndrome Foundation, 14, 54, 115, 121, 122, 210, 258
false positives, 110
family resemblances (Wittgenstein), 23
Fechner, G., 204
Félida X., 148, 159–170, 171, 176, 207, 228
feminism, 13, 28, 50–51, 57, 74, 78, 137, 213, 264–266; feminist historians, 162; Radical Feminist Conference, 62
Féré, C., 172
Fernando, L., 108
flashbacks, 26, 125, 126, 203, 214, 252
Flock, The, 36
Foucault, M., 4, 198, 214–218, 264, 295n.2
fractional personality disorder, 226
Franco-Prussian War, 163, 188, 207
Frankel, F., 9, 96, 105, 108, 124, 270n.17
Franklin, B., 144
Fraser, S., 122
Freud, S., 4, 9, 39, 42–43, 126, 132, 133–134, 136, 150, 181, 183, 199, 209, 242, 254, 286n.17, 295nn. 14 and 1; and feminism, 137; on hysteria, 84–86, 192; and Janet, 44, 191, 195, 273n.15; and Masson, 122; on primal scene, 249; on splitting, 9, 150; and truth, 195; uses Azam’s terminology, 129, 166
Freyd, J. F., 123
functionalism, 216
Galton, F., 201
Gardner, M., 124
Garnier, P., 275n.39
Gauld, A., 148, 151, 155, 173, 181
Gelfand, T., 192
Genesis, 87
genocide, 211
George, A., 275n.43
Geraldo Rivera. See Rivera, Geraldo
germ theory of disease, 193
glasses, prescription for, 30
Goddard, H. H., 86, 97, 231, 245, 252, 261
Goldstein, J., 218
Goodman, N., 3
Graham, M., 275n.5
Greaves, G. B., 45, 52, 129, 132, 134, 269n.4
hallucinations, 140
handwriting, 30
Harrington, A., 288n.22
Hartmann, E. von, 206
health insurance, 52
Hegel, 164
Herodotus, 188
heterosexism, 79
Hilgard, E., 124, 226, 276n.46
Hillside Strangler, 49
Horevitz, R. P., 277n.2
host-parasite model, 115, 135, 256
Humane Society, 56
Hume, D., 252
hypermnesia, 205
hypnoid state, 151
hypnotism, 15, 31, 42, 51, 71, 87, 96–97, 106, 119–120, 131, 135, 136, 143, 148, 155–162, 184, 187, 193, 223
hysteria, 5, 21, 29, 69, 84, 86, 97, 131–135, 155, 167–169, 184, 212, 219; agents provocateurs of, 188, 193; bibliography of, 289n.5; in Freud, 192–193; grande hystérie, 144, 187, 192, 212; and inheritance, 187, 192; male, 170–171, 187; statistics of, 187; and trauma, 191
impressionism, 5
incest, 5, 43, 58, 62, 86, 114, 126, 213, 246, 261–262
indeterminacy of the past, 234–257
Inner (or Internal) Self Helper (ISH), 28, 46–47
intention, 235
International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), 10, 140, 142
International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 112
International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation (ISSMP&D), 17, 19, 23, 39, 45, 60, 70, 73, 81, 90, 112–113, 117, 123, 156
Janet, J., 191
Janet, Pierre, 50, 129, 131, 136, 144, 165, 251–252, 278n.12; and “dissociation,” 112; on double personality as a bipolar disorder, 44, 133–134; and Ellenberger, 44; and Estelle, Despine, 157–158; on Félida, 159, 207; and Freud, 44, 191, 195, 273n.15; on hysteria, 163; his patients Marie and Marguerite, 260–261; removing traumatic memories by hypnotism, 246, 263; and R. L. Stevenson, 278n.12, 286n.17; on trauma, 86, 137; and truth, 195
Jones, E., 134
Kael, Pauline, 119
Kahneman, D., 110
Kant, I., 68, 164, 229–230, 260, 264–265
Kempe, C. H., 60
Kinsey, A. C., 63
Kitcher, P., 194
Kleist, H. von, 72, 238, 278n.13
Kluft, R. P., 9, 78, 82, 124, 175, 277n.2; on Despine, 45, 156–157; and Dissociation, 52; Four-Factor Model of, 89; on MPD subculture, 38; on overuse of DES, 103; on satanic ritual abuse, 115–117
knowledge, connaissance and savoir (depth and surface), 190, 198, 212–214, 291n.1
Krüll, M., 122
Kubrick, S., 47
Kurosawa, A., 123
La Mettrie, J. D. de, 208
labeling theory, 70
Ladame, P. L., 169
Laing, R. D., 138
Lakoff, G., 272n.8
Lateau, Louise, 165
Lavoisier, A. L., 144
Legrand du Saulle, 190
Lester, T., 50
Lichtheim, L., 203
Lindau, P., 50
Locke, J., flashbacks in, 203, 219; on personal identity, 146, 164, 218, 221, 264
Loewenstein, R. J., 74, 81, 88, 93
looping effect of human kinds, 21, 61, 68, 239
Louis V. See Vivet, Louis
Luys, J. B., 172
MacHugh, P., 124
MacKinnon, C., 75
magnetism, animal, 144, 148, 151, 155–156, 165
making up people, 6, 94, 293n.6
Manchurian Candidate, The, 119–120
manic-depressive, 44
Masson, J. M., 75, 122, 137, 194
Mayo, T., 288n.19
Mayotte, trance among, 145
McNish, R., 278n.12
mediums, 48, 135, 142, 145, 229
memoro-politics, 143, 210–220, 250, 260, 264
memory, 3, 18–20, 54, 95, 113–127, 273n.15; anatomical study of, 204; art of, 4, 201–202; bizarreries of, 159, 165; communal, 210; and double consciousness, 154–155, 170; false, 31, 78, 121, 258–259; of Félida, 160; and hysteria, 193; psychodynamics of, 199, 204; recovered, 120, 126, 196, 212, 246; regression of, 179; repressed, 86, 234, 252; and responsibility, 146; as scene, 251; sciences of, 126, 155, 160, 198–209, 212; screen, 137, 259, 295n.1; and the social order, 200–201; and specific alter personality, 174; statistical study of, 204; as surrogate for soul, 197, 198, 207, 209, 220, 260
Memos in Multiplicity, 51
Menninger Clinic, 138
Merskey, H., 124, 269n.4, 270n.20
Mesmer, F. A., 144
Mesnet, E., 275n.39
Miller, Mr., of Springfield, 152
mind and body, 6, 35, 204–206, 221–233
missing time, 25
Mondale, W., 64
Moonies, 119
Motet, A., 275n.39
motion pictures of multiples, 31, 272n.21
Müller, G. E., 204
Multiple Personality Consortium, 37
multiple personality disorder: base rates for, 109–111; benign neglect of, 13; in childhood, 19, 34, 71, 85, 90, 151, 155; among college students, 102–103, 283n.38; and crime, 48–50, 70, 275n.39; criteria for, 10, 22–23, 269n.10, 271n.34; disappearance of, 132–137; “disorder,” 17, 37, 229; epidemic of, 8, 14, 41, 236; as an experiment of nature, 225–227; fictional, 40, 50, 72, 127, 238, 275n.43, 278nn. 11, 12, and 13; incidence of, 8–9, 110, 111, 269n.6, 283nn. 38 and 46; “multiple,” 172; “personality,” 17–18; and schizophrenia, 9, 128–132, 138–141; “split personality,” 9, 160; as superordinate disorder, 16. See also cause; etiology; gender
multobiography, 36, 41, 116, 122, 294n.26
Murray, D., 204
Myers, A. T., 289n.3
Myers, F.W.H., 136, 182, 289n.3
narcissism, 137
National Institute of Mental Health, 23
necessary and sufficient conditions, 22
Nelson, B., 64
Nelson, L., 30, 272n.15, 275n.44
Netherlands, multiple personality in, 14, 107
neurasthenia, 194
neurhypnology, 144
neurobiology, 208
nominalism, 264
normative process, substrate, 87
nostalgia, 205
Oedipus complex, 242
Oprah Winfrey. See Winfrey, Oprah
Orwell, G., 52
panic disorder, 16
paraplegia, 157
parapsychology. See psychical research
Perrier, Dr., of Caen, 157
personal identity, 146, 221, 231, 264
Petrarch, 218
phrenology, 203
physiology, experimental, 205, 217
Pinel, P., 205
Pitres, A., 291n.15
Plint, T., 218
Plutarch, 218
pornography, 239
positivism, 135, 163, 207, 251
possession, 149
post-traumatic stress disorder, 71, 86, 89, 103, 109, 188, 212, 241, 277n.18; of the Franco-Prussian War, 188
pregnancy, in alter state, 167, 279n.22, 288n.23
Prince, M., 44, 77, 97, 129, 132, 133, 134, 224, 228, 231
Prince, W. F., 286n.24
programming, by cults, 34, 118, 213
prototype, 24, 33–35, 82–83; of child abuse, 58; of co-consciousness, 130; of dédoublement, 169; of double consciousness, 72, 131, 151, 154; of multiple personality disorder, 32, 33–35, 43, 82, 102, 103, 227, 272n.21; of recanter, 258; of recovered memory, 254; of spontaneous somnambulism, 156; Sybil as, 43
Proust, A., 251
psychiatry: antipsychiatry movement, 138; dynamic, 44, 209, 291n.2; forensic, 48–49
psychical research, 48, 136, 143, 224, 230
psychoanalysis, 39, 42–44, 83, 132, 135–136, 144, 246, 280n.7
psychokinesis, 230
psychology, associationist, 206; dynamic, 129; experimental, 216; laboratory, 204
psychophysics, 204
psychophysiology, 87
Putnam, F. W., 17, 46–48, 61, 129, 137; his criteria for MPD, 10, 22; and dissociative experiences scale, 96–112; on etiology of MPD, 85–89; on satanic ritual abuse, 116–118; and survey of multiple personality disorder patients, 69; on training of clinicians, 53
Puységur, A.M.J. de C., 149
Questionnaire of Experiences of Dissociation (QED), 281n.11
railroad, railway spine, 184, 192–193
Ramadier, Dr., 181
Randi, J., 124
Rank, O., 137
Ray, W. J., 107
reality, 11–16; “real,” 11; real people, 232, 262
redescribing the past, 240–241, 249–250
reincarnation, 48
religion, 18
Renan, E., 163
responsibility, 50
retractors, 122
Ribot, 159, 165–166, 197, 204, 214, 223, 228, 230; Ribot’s Law, 206, 208, 292n.27
Richet, C., 136
Rosch, E., 24
Rose, J., 75
Rosenfeld, I., 251
Ross, C. A., 11, 22, 97, 107–108, 124, 136, 271nn. 2 and 24, 275n.37, 285n.38; and fragments, 271n.24; and gender in MPD, 69, 77, 79, 278n.7; and incidence of MPD, 269n.6, 283n.38; on scientific status of MPD, 97, 141, 276n.49
Roth, M., 205
Rothstein, N., 275n.44
Rouillard, A.-M.-P., 189
Rush, F., 62
Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Hospital, 52, 123
Sartre, J.-P., 216
Sauvages, F. B. de la C., 162
schizophrenia, 9, 16, 26, 70, 103, 128, 132, 138–141, 160; first-rank symptoms of, 140; medications for, 139, 287n.36; positive and negative criteria for, 140; schizophreniform episodes, 9, 140, 168, 176
Schneider, K., 140
Schreiber, F. R., 42
Schubert, G. H. von, 278nn. 12 and 13
second state, état second, condition seconde, 129, 166–168, 171, 236
self, 215, 221, 227–228; knowledge of, 196; moi, 207; self-help, 37; transcendental ego, 208, 227, 230
self-sealing argument, 109, 283n.43
semantic contagion, 238, 247, 255–259
Sexton, A., 274n.37
sexual harassment, 243
Showalter, E., 289n.5
Sizemore, C. C., 34, 40–41, 116, 232
sleepers, 147
social construction, 67, 112, 216, 257
Society for Psychical Research, 136
somnambulism, 147–148, 153–155, 161, 169, 182, 221–222; artificial, 149; provoked, 176; spontaneous, 165; total, 148, 157, 169
Sontag, S., 15
soul, 5–6, 20, 68, 94–95, 126, 160, 163–164, 196, 208–209, 215, 217, 219, 221, 227, 250, 260–266; of Bernice R., 263; as patriarchal, 216
Speaking for Ourselves, 52
Spiegel, D., 9, 18, 52, 89, 143
spiritism, spiritualism, 48, 135
splitting, 9, 130, 150, 269n.7
statistics, 46, 204, 217, 292n.13
Stevenson, R. L., 50, 72, 278n.12
substantial forms, 147
suggestion, 15, 31, 73, 172, 193, 255–256
Sybil, Sybil, 28, 34, 40–45, 51, 77, 124, 138, 233, 285n.37
symptom language, 149, 154–155, 171, 174, 226
Taine, H.-A., 159, 163, 165–166, 207
telepathy, 136
television, 32
Terr, L., 248
theosophy, 46
Thomism, 147
Three Faces of Eve, The, 40
Tolstoy, L., 113
Tourette, G. de la, 279n.22
trance, 21, 31, 72, 142, 146, 148, 154, 157, 159, 223
trauma, 137, 141, 183–197, 211; of abuse in childhood, 13, 15, 20, 42, 114; Allison on, 70; Charcot on, 187; and Freud, 273n.15; hysteria and, 186–189; Janet on, 191, 195, 261, 273n.15; memory of, 212; moral, 183, 189; physical, 183–197, 208; psychological, 189, 193, 196, 209; psychologization of, 128, 191, 196; Putnam on, 85, 88; research on, 248; Rivera on, 74; single-event, 248; Wilbur on, 83
traumatic neurosis, 188
traumatic stress, 85
truth: “historical,” 264; in Janet and Freud, 195–196
tuberculosis, 15
Tversky, A., 110
unconscious, 206
van der Kolk, B., 125
violence and family, 212
Voisin, A., 275n.39
Voisin, J., 171, 173, 176, 181
Wernicke, C., 203
Whewell, W., 23
whiplash injury, 185
Whitehead, A. N., 223–224, 277
Wholey, C. C., 272n.21, 279n.24
Wigan, A. L., 288n.22
Wilbur, C. B., 28, 36, 40, 46, 50, 62, 70, 77, 82–83, 124, 137–138, 240, 285n.37
Wittgenstein, L., 6, 23, 36, 216, 226, 235
World Health Organization, 10