Index

Abdullah, Abdullah, 315

Abizaid, John, 170–71, 173, 181–82, 195, 198, 223, 224, 231, 232, 234, 239, 260

Abraham Lincoln, USS, 58, 71

Abraham Lincoln Brigade, 9

Abrams, Creighton, 41, 194

Abu Ghraib prison, 160

Ackerman, Spencer, 292

Afghanistan, 4, 16, 42, 66, 69, 200

   Soviet invasion of, 85, 104, 309

Afghanistan Reconstruction Group, 321

Afghan War:

   Afghan election and, 300–302, 315

   Afghan government as U.S. partner in, 313–14

   al Qaeda in, 294–97, 300–304, 310, 316, 345, 353

   assessment of, 363–64

   assessment teams’ report in, 305–8, 311

   Biden’s strategy for, 297–98, 300–301, 309, 315–16

   CIA’s drone campaign in, 347–48, 353

   civilian casualties problem in, 324–26, 327, 328–29, 331, 344

   clear-hold-build strategy and, 307, 330–32

cost of, 299–300

   counterterrorism-counterinsurgency rivalry in, 300–301, 302, 308–9, 310, 311, 315–17, 319–20, 353–54

   Eikenberry’s critique of McChrystal’s strategy in, 313–15

   failed strategy in, 353–54

   Five Pillars strategy in, 320–22

   Gates and U.S. policy in, 309–10

   government corruption and patronage in, 301–2, 307–8, 324, 334, 339–41, 346–48, 363

   Iraq conflict compared with, 345–46

   ISAF problem in, 307–8

   Karzai’s threats to undermine U.S. in, 345–46

   legitimacy issue and, 302, 307, 314–15, 340–41

   McChrystal’s posting to, 303, 305

   McChrystal’s tactical directives in, 325–27, 343

   Marja battle in, 329–31, 332, 336

   NATO in, 294, 301, 305–8, 317–18, 322–26, 330, 334

   Obama’s “comprehensive” strategy for, 300–301

   Obama’s national address on, 351–53

   Obama’s West Point address on, 316–18

   Operation Moshtarak in, 330

   “opinion leaders” tour in, 338–40

   Petraeus’s guidelines for, 341–44

   Petraeus’s posting to, 338–40

   Riedel report on U.S. policy in, 295–97, 299–300, 301, 323

   RMA and, 53–55

   Rothstein report on, 344–45

   Rumsfeld and, 55–56

   Shinwari pact in, 332, 334–37, 363

   Special Forces in, 54–55

   specter of the Vietnam War and, 310–11

   Status of Forces Agreement and, 294

   surge and drawdown in, 317–18, 351–53

   “three-block war” scheme in, 327

African National Congress, 68–69

Agency for International Development (AID), 27, 112, 149, 183, 251–52, 287–88, 296, 319–20, 331

Agriculture Department, U.S., 287–88, 296

Air Force, U.S., 53, 99, 145, 232, 359

   drones dispute and, 271–72, 274–75

   revised Army field manual and, 57

   RMA and, 46–47, 48–51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 110, 271–72, 353, 359

   Transportation Command of, 274

AirLand Battle (Army field manual), 57–58, 105, 129, 146, 162

Algeria, 15, 17, 19, 104, 160, 170, 225, 364

al Haramain Foundation, 66

Ali-Jassim, Abu, 247

Allen, John, 248

al Qaeda, 86, 178, 250, 253, 263, 268, 278, 357

   in Afghan War, 294–97, 300–304, 310, 316, 345, 353

   Anbar Awakening and, 244, 246–48

   in Bosnia, 65–66

   drones strikes against, 54–55

   U.S. Baghdad operations and, 257–58, 267

al Qaeda in Iraq, 201, 253, 304

American Anthropological Association, 285

American Enterprise Institute (AEI), 200, 233, 235, 236–37, 305, 308, 350

American Interest, 222

Anaconda, Operation, 55

“Analysis of Iraqi and Coalition End States” (Ward), 209–10

Anbar Awakening, MacFarland and, 244–48, 259, 261, 262, 268–69, 276, 334, 342, 363

   al Qaeda and, 244, 245–48

   Casey’s doubts of, 246–47

   clear-hold-build strategy and, 246

   Odierno’s visit to, 248

   People’s Council in, 246

   Petraeus’s visit to, 249

   Sattar and, 247–48

Ancker, Clinton, 133–34, 136–37

Anderson, Gary, 81–84, 91

Anderson, Joseph, 71–72, 251

Anthropology Today, 285

“Anti-Iraq Forces” (AIF), 252–53

Aristide, Jean-Bertrand, 63

Armed Forces Journal, 278

Armitage, Richard, 51

Armstrong, Joel, 234–35, 236, 237, 240

Army, U.S., 1, 5, 61, 65, 130, 178, 195, 229, 362

   AirLand field manual of, 57–58, 105, 129, 146, 162

   firepower doctrine of, 2–3, 41, 110–11

   force generation model of, 236

   Future Combat System of, 271–73, 299

   General Officer Management Office of, 280

   Human Terrain Teams program of, 214, 285

   JRTC of, 130, 225–26, 228

   low intensity warfare disdained by, 45–46, 112

   Maneuver Center of Excellence of, 358

   MRAP controversy and, 272–74, 275

   National Training Center of, 37, 45, 130–32, 156, 167, 169, 172, 225–26, 277

   Office of Plans, Policy, and Programs of, 322

   Operations field manual of, 41–42

   Petraeus’s retirement from, 351

   post-Iraq role of, 358–59

   promotions system of, see promotions system

   Ranger School of, 191

   “Ready First” Brigade of, 277

   SAMS of, 57–58, 69–70, 81, 162

   after Vietnam, 2, 32–33

   Vigilant Warrior wargame of, 59–60

   Walter Reed Hospital scandal and, 271, 276, 280–81

Army After Next (think tank), 102–3

Army and Vietnam, The (Krepinevich), 33, 168

Army Intelligence Center, 213–16

Army War College, 29, 59, 88, 92, 94, 107, 112, 138, 139, 141

   Peacekeeping Institute of, 45

Arrowhead Brigade, 77, 403

Art of War, The (Sun Tzu), 57

Assault Breaker, 47–48

“Assessment of the Counterinsurgency Effort in Iraq” (McMaster), 171

Association of the United States Army, 276

Atlantic, 153

Atmar, Hanif, 331

Australia, 85, 90, 141, 166

Baath Party, Iraqi, 184, 245, 246

   Bremer’s CPA Order banning, 74–75, 114, 126, 171, 190, 196

Baghdad security operations, 253–69, 272

   al Qaeda assault plan in, 257–58

   Maliki and, 263–64, 267–68

   Sadr City raid in, 263, 267

   security stations in, 256–57, 264–65

   Sons of Iraq and, 262, 267–69

   surge troop deployment in, 258–59

Baker, James, 204–5, 233

Baker-Hamilton Commission, 204–8, 233, 270, 279

   Casey’s meeting with, 205–6

   Chiarelli’s briefing of, 207–8, 211

   members of, 204–5

   report of, 206–7, 234–35

   surge concept and, 204–5, 206, 207

Bali terrorist bombing, 141

Balkans, 44, 277

Barno, David, 236, 319–21, 322

Basin Harbor conference, 108–16, 119, 147, 174, 194

Bateson, Gregory, 285

Batiste, John, 189–90

Battle Command Training Program, 69, 130, 153, 239

Bechtel Group, 185

Bell for Adano, A (Hersey), 90

Benevolence International Foundation, 66

Bergner, Kevin, 198–99

Berlin Wall, 2, 36, 48

Bernstein, David, 155–56

Beschloss, Michael, 310

“Best Practices of Counterinsurgency” (Sepp), 146, 150, 167, 174

Better War, A (Sorley), 194, 311, 320

Beukema, Herman, 6–9

Beverly Hills Cop (film), 67

Biddle, Stephen, 238, 261–62, 305, 308, 338, 340–41, 342, 362

Biden, Joseph, 210, 295, 309, 310, 312, 337, 353

   Afghan War debate and, 297–98, 300, 315–16

Bigeard, Marcel “Bruno,” 15–16, 160

bin Laden, Osama, 54–55, 56, 294

   death of, 353

Bolivia, 29

BooksAMillion.com, 320

Boot, Max, 338

Borneo, 85

Bosnia, 53, 65–69, 76, 95–96, 127, 180, 182, 225, 229, 245, 251, 254, 350, 356

Bremer, L. Paul “Jerry,” 82–83, 110, 191, 229, 251

   and CPA Order banning Baathists, 74–75, 114, 126, 171, 190, 196

Briggs, Harold, 39, 79

Broadwell, Paula, 367–68

Brookings Institution, 306

Brooks, Nichoel, 257–58

Buckley, Dave, 131

Bundy, McGeorge, 310–11

Bureaucracy Does Its Thing (Komer), 209, 289

Burma, 39

Bush, George H. W., 49, 193, 204, 205, 239, 310, 349

Bush, George W., 51, 56, 71, 91, 95, 191, 193, 194, 196, 197, 199, 211, 233, 263, 270, 273, 280, 281, 296, 300, 353

   Baker-Hamilton report rejected by, 207

   in Iraq visit, 200–202, 203

   “mission accomplished” declaration of, 58, 71

   surge policy and, 237–43, 257, 260

   2004 election and, 204

   in White House surge meeting, 237–38, 239

Bush, G. W. administration, 84, 118, 146, 185, 210, 285, 294–95, 298, 300, 322

Cable News Network (CNN), 49, 335–36, 364

Callwell, Charles E., 38, 80

Campbell, Joseph, 70

Camp Nama, 304

Card, Andrew, 196

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 140

Caro, Robert, 310

Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, 138, 288, 328

   Sewall conference in, 139–41

Carter, Jimmy, 28

Cartwright, James “Hoss,” 312

Casey, George, Jr., 94–98, 103–4, 105, 127, 129, 136, 141, 167, 173, 186, 187–88, 193, 195, 198, 199, 210, 211, 231, 232, 238–40, 241, 251, 263, 264, 270, 273, 281

   Anbar Awakening operation doubted by, 246–47

   Baker-Hamilton Commission’s meeting with, 205–6

   COIN Academy and, 174–75, 257

   Iraq War strategy of, 178–83, 189–92, 201–3, 205, 249–51, 260

   surge opposed by, 205–8, 242

Casey, George, Sr., 95

Castro, Fidel, 28

Center for a New American Security, 296, 306, 355

Center for Army Lessons Learned, 130–31

Center for Strategic and International Studies, 137

Central Command, U.S., 170, 181, 182, 199, 223, 234, 282, 296, 302, 304, 328, 338

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 27, 45, 53, 54, 76, 97, 101, 153, 205, 271, 273, 276, 288, 296, 298, 304, 323

   counterinsurgency field manual and, 148–49

   drone campaign of, 347–48, 353

   Petraeus named director of, 350–51

Centurions, The (Larteguy), 15–17, 18, 31, 160, 305

Chayes, Sarah, 338–41

Cheney, Dick, 52, 71, 118, 196, 237, 238–39, 242, 312

Chewning, Eric, 254–55, 256

Chiarelli, Peter, 183–90, 193, 209, 210, 222, 239, 247, 249, 270–73, 276, 278, 282, 302, 341, 355, 362

   Baker-Hamilton Commission briefed by, 207–8, 211

   Gates’s hiring of, 211–12

   surge opposed by, 263

   SWET campaign of, 185–87, 207, 250

China, People’s Republic of, 25, 102, 123, 357

Churchill, Winston, 238

Civilian Operations and Revolutionary Development Support (CORDS), 27, 29, 31, 41, 82, 119, 209, 225

Clausewitz, Carl von, 57, 60, 87

clear-hold-build strategy, 194, 195–97, 204–8, 244–47, 279

Clinton, Bill, 53, 63, 138, 169, 205, 349

Clinton, Hillary, 302, 309, 313, 334–35, 336

   Afghan War debate and, 297–98

   Rumsfeld’s confrontation with, 224–25

Clinton administration, 68

“Closing the Gap” (Odierno), 250–51, 256

CNN (Cable News Network), 49, 335–36, 364

Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA), 74, 110, 191, 208, 229, 251

Coats, Dan, 51

Cody, Richard, 281, 283

Cohen, Eliot, 114, 118, 140, 144–47, 156, 164, 166, 174, 177, 194, 200–201, 231, 238, 239, 256, 261, 291–92, 323

   background of, 108–11

   Gulf War study of, 109–10

   at Strategic Studies Conference, 111–12

Cohen, William, 169

COIN Academy, 167, 179, 187–88, 202, 251, 265

“COIN Strategy: Civilian Concerns” (Eikenberry), 313

Cold War, 1–2, 9, 28, 35, 36, 42, 51, 59, 99, 105–6, 227, 271, 276

   weapons development and end of, 47–49

“collateral damage,” 139 Colombia, 25

colonialism, 160

Combined Arms Center, 105, 128, 145, 195, 255

   multiple domains of, 130–31

   Petraeus’s overhaul of, 131–32

Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate, 215

Command and General Staff College, 23, 57, 69, 72, 101, 103, 129, 130–31, 169, 178, 220, 225, 250

Commander’s Emergency Response Program (CERP), 75–76

Commerce Department, U.S., 287–88

CompanyCommand.com, 177

Conduct of Anti-Terrorist Operations in Malaya, The, 40–41

Conduct of War, The (Fuller), 57

Congress, U.S., 7, 26, 28, 204, 203

   Baker-Hamilton Commission of, see Baker-Hamilton Commission

   2006 election and, 270

   see also Senate, U.S.

Congressional Budget Office, 208

“Constraints on America’s Conduct of Small Wars” (Cohen), 110

Continental Airlines, 321

Continental Army, 4

Corum, James, 157

Costa Rica, 25

“council of colonels,” 223–24, 241, 260

   Kagan’s surge study and, 233

   meetings of, 231–32

Council on Foreign Relations, 78, 90, 238, 305

counterinsurgency field manual, 213–22, 239, 287, 289, 362–63

   AIC’s nonconcurrence and, 213–16

   bibliography of, 152

   combined arms doctrine in, 215

   Crane’s contribution to, 145–47, 149–51, 163–65

   critiques of, 136–37, 161–64, 213–16

   endorsements of, 148–49

   “Guide for Action” section of, 177

   and guide for civilians and policy makers, 286–91

   host government factor in, 340–41

   “intelligence” chapter of, 213–16

   interim version (FM 3–07.22) of, 136–37

   IO operations and, 144, 147–48, 149–52

   Kilcullen’s definition in, 175–76

   Kilcullen’s principles and commandments article and, 175–77

   leadership and ethics chapter of, 160

   Marks’s contribution to, 135–36

   Nagl-Peters meeting on, 220–21

   Nagl’s proposed outline for, 144–45, 147, 151

   need for, 133–34

   paradoxes section of, 216–18

   part publication of, 145–46, 164–65, 177

   Peters’s criticism of, 216–22

   Petraeus and, 143, 145, 147–49, 151, 213, 214–15, 218–19, 324

   published, 221–22

   religious extremism issue and, 217–19

   revisions of, 214–15, 218–19, 222

   West’s critique of, 161–64

   workshop on, see counterinsurgency field manual workshop

   writers of, 151–52

counterinsurgency field manual workshop, 153–65

   attendees of, 153

   Crane at, 155–56

   journalists at, 153

   Sewall at, 154–55

   West’s critiques in, 161–64

Counterinsurgency in Iraq: Implications of Irregular Warfare for the United States Government conference, 138

counterinsurgency warfare and doctrine, 2, 24, 34, 60, 119, 135, 324, 327

   anthropologists’ opposition to, 284–86

   Army doctrine and, 3–4

   assessment of, 362–65

   Bush administration’s opposition to, 84

   in Central and South America, 25–29

   colonialism and, 160

   cultural awareness and, 80, 157, 214

   dark side of, 364

   Defense Department directive on, see Defense Department Directive 3000.05

   definition of, 175–76

   F-bomb affair and, 292–93

   Galula and, 17–20

   host country and, 158–59, 289–91

   human rights and, 138–39, 155

   intelligence and, 142, 150, 213–14, 255

   interagency conference on, 287–88

   Kilcullen’s “folly” statement on, 290–92

   legitimacy issue and, 156–57, 158

   local population and, 18–19, 136, 151, 158, 159–60

   long-term commitment and, 163–67

   in Malaya, 38–41

   Marine Corps tradition and, 83–84

   military policy review and, 354–55

   military’s attitude toward, 88–89

   modern officers corps and, 31

   neoconservatives and, 233

   Parameters article on, 29–31

   Petraeus’s Mosul operation and, 71–74

   political environment and, 142–43

   principles and paradoxes of, 141–43, 149, 161–62

   Sewall’s conference on, 139–42

   West Point and, 4–5

Counterinsurgency Warfare: Theory and Practice (Galula), 17–18, 82, 178, 230, 255, 342

“Counterinsurgency Guidance” (Kilcullen), 265–66

counterterrorism (CT), 300–301, 302, 308–9, 310, 311, 315–17, 319–20, 353–54

Crane, Conrad, 139, 140, 154, 161, 169, 177, 215–16, 218, 219, 255, 287–88, 291–92, 356

   COIN field manual and, 145–47, 149–51, 163–65

   Dave Bernstein Memorial Award and, 155–56

   IO operations and, 144, 147–48, 149–51

   in visit to West Point’s alumni cemetery, 360–61

Crocker, Ryan, 259, 263–64

Crumpton, Henry “Hank,” 111, 166, 177

C-Span, 224

Cuba, 25, 28, 41, 104

Cyber Command, U.S., 355

Czechoslovakia, 32, 36

Dallek, Robert, 310

Darley, William, 106–7, 137, 145, 165, 177, 187

Darul Islam, 86

Davidson, Janine, 112, 119–20, 141, 144, 153, 177, 287–88

Davison, Ketti, 257–58

Dayton Peace accords, 65, 67, 245

Deane, Tony, 247

Defeating Communist Insurgency (Thompson), 17

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), 47, 119

Defense Department, U.S., 5–6, 8, 45, 48, 51, 64, 66, 109, 119, 145, 192, 194, 199, 205, 231, 288, 345

   Defense Policy Board of, 108, 231

   Directive 3000.05 of, see Defense Department Directive 3000.05

   Gates’s overhaul of, 271–75

   Karzai’s threats and, 345–46

   Kilcullen’s move to, 89–90

   Obama’s new strategic guidelines and, 356–60

   Office for Stability Operations of, 112, 141

Defense Department Directive 3000.05, 118–23, 124, 141, 238, 270

   early drafts of, 120–22

   hearings on, 122

   key passage of, 122

   MOOTW and, 123

   Nagl and, 120–22

   new strategic guidelines and, 358

   Phase IV operations and, 123

   Rumsfeld and, 119–21, 123

   stability operations and, 118–19

Defense Intelligence Agency, 76, 144

Defense Ministry, Iraqi, 208

Defense Science Board, 118–19, 121–22

Delta Force, 28, 95, 303

Democratic Party, U.S., 204, 237, 296

Dempsey, Martin, 349, 354, 358–59

Deptula, Dave, 49–50, 52

DePuy, William, 41–42, 57, 105

Dereliction of Duty: Lyndon Johnson, Robert McNamara, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Lies That Led to Vietnam (McMaster), 168–69, 190

Desert Shield, Operation, 36

Desert Storm, Operation, 1, 8, 36, 37, 42, 44, 58, 61–62, 95, 97, 182, 359

   smart bombs in, 49–51, 53–54

Devlin, Peter, 247

Dien Bien Phu, Battle of, 15

Dilbert (comic strip), 79

“doctors without orders,” 98, 179

Dominican Republic, 29, 41

Downing, Wayne, 237–38

drones (unmanned aircraft), 46–48, 271–75, 276

   in Afghan War, 347–48, 353

Dubai, 349

Dunwoody, Ann, 282

Dwyer, Dan, 235–36, 237, 240

Eagleburger, Lawrence, 205

Eagle Troop, 169

East Timor, 85, 86

Edelman, Eric, 118, 238–41, 287

82nd Airborne Division, U.S., 62, 63, 65, 97, 100, 128, 172, 184, 226, 282, 301, 303

Eikenberry, Karl, 322, 341, 346

   McChrystal’s strategy criticized by, 313–15

   Shinwari pact opposed by, 335–37

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 5–6, 351

election of 2000, 204

election of 2006, 270

election of 2008, 295

11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, U.S., 169

Ellsberg, Daniel, 22

El Salvador, 25–26, 28–30, 31, 36, 68, 100, 102, 111–13, 149, 153, 158–59, 291

Emanuel, Rahm, 299, 349

England, Gordon, 117, 121–22, 129–30

Estonia, 99

Exum, Andrew, 306

Fall, Bernard, 15–17

Fallows, James, 153

Fallujah, Second Battle of, 91

Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, 25

Fast, Barbara, 215–16

Federation of American Scientists, 138

Feith, Doug, 118

Fields, Craig, 119–21

Fil, Joseph, 256

Filkins, Dexter, 330

Finance Ministry, Iraqi, 188

1st Armored Division, U.S., 95, 244

1st Cavalry Division, U.S., 1, 36, 95, 183–84, 185, 186, 193, 253–57

1st Infantry Division, U.S. “Big Red One,” 22

1st Marine Division, U.S., 161

5th Cavalry Regiment, U.S., 254

5th Special Forces Group, U.S., 28

509th Airborne battalion combat team, U.S., 14

Five Pillars strategy, 320–22

Flournoy, Michèle, 140, 141, 153–54, 157, 296–97, 301, 306, 355

FM 3–24, Counterinsurgency, see Counterinsurgency field manual Ford administration, 120

Fore, Henrietta, 293

Foreign Office, British, 251

Foreign Service Institute, 290

For Whom the Bell Tolls (Hemingway), 85

Foster, John, 46–47, 52, 271

4th Infantry Division, U.S., 71, 113–14, 194, 227, 239, 248, 251–52, 333

Fox News, 216

France, 15, 68, 110

Franks, Tommy, 52, 56, 59, 170

Free French, 15

Fuller, J. F. C., 57

Fuller, Kurt, 183–84

Future Combat System, 271–73, 299

Gallipoli campaign, 110

Galula, David, 17–20, 24, 31, 38, 73, 76–77, 82, 87, 105, 150, 154, 160, 171, 172, 175, 178, 225, 230, 231, 255, 286–87, 290, 305, 327, 342

Galvin, John, 21–26, 29, 30, 32, 33–34, 35, 36, 65, 74, 111, 148, 154, 156–57, 222, 227, 360

   body count incident and, 22–23

Garrett, Michael, 282

Gates, Robert, 205, 240, 293, 300, 301, 308, 312, 316, 317, 323, 349–52

   Afghan War policy and, 309–10

   Air Force’s drones dispute with, 271–73

   career of, 270–71

   Chiarelli hired by, 211–12

   Defense Department overhauled by, 271–75

   McKiernan relieved by, 302–3

   Maliki’s meeting with, 241

   MRAP dispute and, 272–75

   in Obama administration, 298–99

   promotions system reform and, 282–83

   Rumsfeld replaced by, 211–12, 238–39, 270, 298

   Walter Reed Hospital scandal and, 271, 276, 280–81

Geithner, Tim, 309

General Dynamics, 117

General Motors, 321

Geneva Peace Accords, 15

George, Alexander, 38

George, Randy, 332–37

Georgia, Republic of, 293

Geren, Pete, 279–82

Germany, Democratic Republic of (East Germany), 36, 99

Germany, Federal Republic of (West Germany), 27, 47, 99

Germany, Nazi, 6, 32, 59, 87

Germany, reunified, 193

“Getting Counterinsurgency Right” (Peters), 221–22

Ghani, Ashraf, 346

Giambastiani, Edmund, Jr., 121

Global Hawk (drone), 271

Global Positioning System (GPS), 53

“Global Reach-Global Power” (U.S. Air Force), 49

Golden Mosque, 166, 183

Goldstein, Gordon, 310–11

Goodwin, Doris Kearns, 310

Gorbachev, Mikhail, 36

Gore, Al, 204

Gorman, Paul, 22–23

Graham, Lindsey, 314

Grant, Ulysses S., 351

Great Britain, 87, 107

   Malaya insurgency and, 38–40, 42, 80, 86, 112–13, 143, 159, 333, 364

Greece, 17, 104

Green Berets, 100–101

Greenwood, Tom, 231–32

Grenada, 95, 182, 320, 356

Grizzle, David, 321

GSG-9 (counterterrorism squad), 27

Guevara, Che, 156

Gulf War Airpower Survey (Cohen), 110

Gulf War of 1991, 1, 36

   air campaign study in, 109–10

   onset of, 49

   Nagl and, 1–3

   smart bombs in, 49–51, 53–54

Gusterson, Hugh, 285–86

Hadley, Stephen, 196–97, 237, 242

Haig, Alexander, 28

Haiti, 44, 63–65, 68, 95, 111, 140, 225, 277, 296, 356

Hamas, 159

Hamilton, Lee, 204, 233

Hammes, T. X., 111, 141, 153, 177

Hampson, Françoise, 158

Hannah, John, 242

Harvard University, 101–2, 109, 138, 182, 208, 288, 322, 328

Harvey, Francis, 126, 128, 271, 280–81

Hastings, Michael, 337

Health Ministry, Iraqi, 188

Hellfire missile, 53

Hell in a Very Small Place (Fall), 15

Helmick, Frank, 90–91, 129, 144–45, 147

Hemingway, Ernest, 85

Hero with a Thousand Faces, The (Campbell), 70

Hersey, John, 90

Hezbollah, 159, 182

Hickey, Jim, 114

Hicks, Kathleen, 355–56

Hillen, John, 287

Hix, William, 97–99, 103–4, 105, 136, 141, 153, 167–68, 173–74, 178–79, 193, 194–95, 250–51

Hoffman, Bruce, 141

Hoffman, Frank, 111, 141, 177

Hoffman, Martin, 120–21, 321

Holbrooke, Richard, 296

Holocaust, 109

Honduras, 25, 41, 100

Hong Kong, 17

Hoover Institution, 179

Hopkins, Donna, 287

Horvath, Jan, 134, 135–36, 137, 143, 145, 149, 154, 156, 164, 177, 255

House of Representatives, U.S., 237, 280

Houtman, Gustaaf, 285–86

Howard, Russ, 68

Hué, Battle of, 91

Huffington Post, 292

Hughes, Louis, 321

Human Terrain Teams program, 214, 285

Hungary, 38

Hussein, Saddam, 1, 36, 49, 56, 71, 75, 84, 87, 109, 189, 245, 304, 363

Iltizam Mushtarak (United Commitment) strategy, 174, 179

Independent Directorate of Local Governance, 332

Indonesia, 86

information operations (IO), 135, 144, 147–48, 149–52, 165, 191, 214, 220, 259, 260–61, 334

Institute for Defense Analysis, 81, 216

“Insurgent Within the COIN Revolution, An,” 3

intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance (ISR), 271

Interagency Counterinsurgency Initiative, 287–88

Interior Ministry, Afghan, 341

Interior Ministry, Iraqi, 188, 264

International Institute for Strategic Studies, 223

International Security, 110

International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), 305, 306, 307–8, 322–25, 326, 330, 334

Iran, 28, 123, 180–81, 250, 253, 267

Iraq, 1, 2, 4, 16, 37, 49, 104, 270

Iraq Study Group, see Baker-Hamilton Commission

Iraq War, 4, 31, 80–81, 84, 122–23, 124, 131, 159, 166, 355, 365

   Abu Ghraib scandal in, 160

   Afghan War compared with, 345–46

   Australian Special Operations in, 87

   Golden Mosque attack in, 166, 183

   insurgency in, see Iraq War, insurgency in

   lack of postwar planning in, 59–60

   “mission accomplished” declaration and, 58

   Mosul operations in, 71–76, 126–27, 141–42, 184, 227–28, 244, 246, 251, 255, 259–60, 269, 279

   Petraeus in, 62–63. See also Petraeus, David Howell

   revised army manual and, 55–58

   Rumsfeld’s approach to, 56–57

   Sunni Triangle in, 79, 113

   technology and, 57

   turnover of U.S. personnel in, 76–77

   U.S. invasion in, 56, 62–63, 87

Iraq War, insurgency in, 94, 155, 166–73

   Anbar Awakening in, see Anbar Awakening

   Baghdad operations in, see Baghdad security operations

   Bremer’s orders banning Baathists and, 74–75, 114, 126, 171, 190, 196

   Bush’s visit and, 200–202, 203

   Camp David meeting on, 199–201

   Casey’s strategy for, 178–83, 189–92, 201–3, 205, 249–51, 260

   CERP projects and, 75–76

   civilian casualties in, 266–67

   clear-hold-build strategy in, 194, 195–97, 204–8, 244–47, 279

   “Closing the Gap” memo and, 256

   coalition’s incompatible aims in, 209–11

   Cohen’s perception of, 110–11

   COIN Academy and, 167, 179, 187–88, 202, 251, 265

   COIN survey in, 173–74, 193, 195

   Iraq government as faction in, 188–89, 207–10, 232, 263

   JSOC interrogations in, 304

   Kilcullen’s warnings of, 87–88

   McMaster’s dissertation on, 168–72

   Marine Corps and, 83–84

   Odierno’s memo on, 249–51

   official perception of, 192

   revolt of the generals and, 189–90

   Rice’s Senate testimony and, 195–96

   Rumsfeld and, 58–59

   Samarra bombing in, 187

   sectarian violence in, 178, 180–81, 187–89, 192, 197–98, 201–2, 210, 256, 263

   SWET campaign in, 185–87, 207–8

   Tal Afar stronghold in, 172–73, 177, 181, 193, 230, 234–35, 244–46, 279, 363

   Ward’s briefing on, 209–11

   Zelikow’s report on, 193–94

Iraq War, surge in, 204–8, 223–43, 260, 263

   Baghdad operations and, 267–68

   Baker-Hamilton Commission and, 204–5, 206, 207

   Bush and, 237–43, 257, 260

   Casey’s opposition to, 205–8, 242

   concept of, 204–7

   “council of colonels” and, see “council of colonels”

   Gates-Maliki meeting and, 241

   Joint Chiefs briefed on, 231–32

   Keane and, 225–30, 237–40

   McMaster and, 223–24

   mobilization debate and, 234–36, 241, 243

   neoconservatives and, 233, 235, 236–37

   NSC and, 237–38

   Odierno and, 239–41

   Pace-Keane meeting and, 230–31

   Petraeus and, 227, 228, 229, 236, 238, 240–42, 243, 260, 263, 267, 268

   Rumsfeld-Keane meeting and, 230–31

   Rumsfeld’s proposed force reduction and, 227–28

   troop deployment in, 257–59

   White House meeting on, 237–38, 240

Irregular Warfare conference, 84–85, 88–89, 92, 108, 141, 355

“ISAF Commander’s Counterinsurgency Guidance,” 326

Ishmael (Quinn), 70

Israel, 101, 109, 182

Italy, 68

Jaffe, Greg, 153

Japan, 5, 6, 7

Jaysh al Rashideen, 252

Jaysh Muhammad, 252

Jaysh Rijal al-Tariq, 252

Jefferson, Thomas, 4

Jemaah Islamiya, 86

Johnson, Lyndon B., 27, 310–11

Johnson administration, 41

Joint Chiefs of Staff, 24, 26, 27, 45, 56, 65, 113, 120, 121, 128, 168, 171, 190, 195, 223, 224, 229, 231–32, 242, 295, 300, 304, 308, 312, 338, 346, 354, 355, 356

Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM), 53–54

Joint Forces Command, U.S., 121

Joint Interagency Counterterrorism Task Force, 65–66, 76

Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC), 130, 225–26, 228

Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), 272, 282, 303–4, 323, 344, 350

Joint Special Operations University, 135

Joint Strategic Assessment Team (JSAT), 260–61, 263

Jones, Jim, 316

Justice Assured, Operation, 65

Justice Department, U.S., 287–88, 296

Kabul Bank, 348

Kagan, Donald, 233, 309

Kagan, Frederick, 199–200, 233–37, 239, 240, 241, 243, 270, 305, 306, 308–9, 338

Kagan, Kimberly, 305, 308, 309, 338

Kagan, Robert, 233, 309

Kaplan, Robert, 200

Karzai, Hamid, 55, 300, 301–2, 307, 312, 313–18, 332, 335, 337, 339–41, 344, 352

   corruption and, 314–15, 323–24

   Eikenberry’s criticism of, 314–15

   McChrystal and, 324

   patronage network of, 347–48

   Petraeus’s “untenable” threat and, 346–47

   Shinwari pact sabotaged by, 332, 336

   and threats undermining U.S. policy, 345–48

Kaufman, Dan, 61

Keane, Jack, 224, 225–29, 241, 243, 249, 261

   Petraeus and, 227–28

   Rumsfeld’s meeting with, 230–31

   surge and, 225–30, 237–40

Kennedy, John F., 26–27, 41, 135, 170, 361–62

Kennedy administration, 84

Kenya, 17, 104, 170, 364

Kerry, John, 315

Khalilzad, Zalmay, 321

Khrushchev, Nikita, 26

Kilcullen, David, 85, 111, 117, 118–20, 123, 124, 141, 153, 166, 174, 202, 231, 239, 260, 261, 265, 269, 295, 351, 355, 357, 362

   anthropologists vs., 284–86

   background of, 85–87

   civilian field manual and, 287–91

   counterinsurgency defined by, 175–761

   “F-bomb” affair and, 292–93

   “folly” statement of, 290–92, 341, 364

   insurgency paper of, 87–88

   at irregular warfare conference, 88–89

   in move to Defense Department, 89–90

   Nagl’s friendship with, 92–93

   QDR and, 92–93, 114–15

   in return to Iraq, 166–67

Killebrew, Robert, 64, 111

Kissinger, Henry, 74

Kitson, Frank, 17, 38, 105, 154, 156, 170, 175, 178, 225

Knowlton, William, 12, 27

Komer, Robert, 27, 41, 82, 119, 194, 209, 289, 362

Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of (North Korea), 123, 356

Korea, Republic of (South Korea), 100

Korean War, 33, 59, 99, 110, 302–3, 356

Kosovo, 71, 138–39, 225, 356

Krepinevich, Andrew, Jr., 33–34, 50, 51, 52, 111, 118, 168, 209, 277

Krulak, Charles, 84, 157, 164

Krulak, Victor “Brute,” 84

Kurdistan, 72

Kurds, 95, 181, 182, 210, 251, 253, 269, 333

Kuwait, 1, 36, 49, 71, 182

Lacquement, Richard, Jr., 120, 141, 144, 151, 157

Lansdale, Edward, 170, 178

Larteguy, Jean, 15, 17–18, 31

Lawrence, T. E., 43, 80, 82, 85, 90, 97, 105, 141, 156, 172, 175, 177, 245, 320, 346

“Learning Counterinsurgency: Observations from Soldiering in Iraq” (Petraeus), 137, 141, 149, 154

“Learning from Our Modern Wars” (Scott), 276

Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife (Nagl), 43, 82, 94, 111, 238, 245, 276, 320

   paperback edition of, 117–18

Lebanon, 81, 159, 182, 268

Lenin, V. I., 113, 156

Leno, Jay, 299

Lessons in Disaster (Goldstein), 310–11

Liddell Hart, B. H., 57

Lieberman, Joe, 51

Lincoln, Abraham, 238

Lincoln, George Arthur, 5, 6–9, 24, 31, 35, 222

“Lincoln Brigade,” 9–10, 35, 68, 137, 185

Lovelace, James, 321

low intensity conflict (LIC), 26, 361

   Army’s attitude toward, 45–46

Low Intensity Operations (Kitson), 17

Lute, Doug, 316, 317–18, 323, 349–50

Maass, Peter, 91

MacArthur, Douglas, 12, 302–3

McCaffrey, Barry, 237–38

McChrystal, Stanley, 282, 323, 333–35, 339, 341, 342–43, 344, 353

   assessment teams of, 303–8, 311

   career of, 303–4

   civilian casualties problem and, 324–26

   COIN strategy of, 308–9, 310

   Eikenberry’s criticism of, 313–15

   governance briefing of, 330–31

   Iraq posting of, 303–4, 305

   Karzai and, 324

   Marja fight and, 329–30

   New York Times interview of, 330

   resignation of, 337–38

   Rolling Stone article on, 337–38

   Sewall’s confrontation with, 329

   staff of, 328–29

   tactical directives of, 325–27

MacFarland, Sean, 244–49, 250, 256, 261–62, 268–69, 276, 282, 336

McFate, Montgomery “Mitzy,” 157, 214, 219, 285

McGuire, Colleen, 282

McGurk, Brett, 199, 201

McKiernan, Dave, 302–3, 312, 316, 323

McMaster, Herbert Raymond, 168, 178, 181, 190, 193, 195, 231–32, 233, 241, 244, 260–63, 283, 302, 308, 340, 348, 355, 358

   “council of colonels” and, 223–24

   doctoral dissertation of, 168–72

   insurgency view of, 170–72

   military background of, 168–70

   Petraeus and, 169–71

   promotion issue and, 279–80, 281, 282

   surge debate and, 223–24

   Tal Afar operation and, 172–73, 177, 230, 234–35, 246, 279

McNeil, Dan, 323

Mahdi Army, 184, 185, 186, 263, 267–68

Makers of Modern Strategy (Paret, Craig and Gilbert, eds.), 81

Malaya, 17, 33, 79, 80, 85, 86, 104, 112–13, 141, 149, 170, 217, 219, 225, 333, 364

   insurgency in, 38–40, 42, 143, 159

Maley, William, 85

Maliki, Nouri Kamal al-, 188–89, 192, 197, 199, 201, 207–8, 210, 241, 253, 268, 284, 294, 307, 341, 346

   U.S.’s Baghdad operations and, 263–64

Mancuso, Mario, 175

Mandela, Nelson, 68

Mansoor, Peter, 220, 231–32, 260

Manwaring, Max, 157–58

Mao Zedong, 17, 19, 39, 96, 113, 156, 305, 327

March Up, The (Smith and West), 161

Marine Corps, U.S., 83–84, 105, 148, 156, 195

   MRAP dispute and, 272–74

   Warfighting Lab of, 141

Marine Corps Gazette, 177

Marine Corps University, 144

Marja, Battle of, 329–31, 332, 336

Marks, Tom, 134–35, 153, 156, 165

Marr, Phebe, 172

Marshall, Andrew, 47–52, 55, 109, 359

Marshall, George C., 5, 6

Martin, John, 159

Marx, Karl, 113, 156

Mattis, Jim, 148

Mauriac, François, 13

Mead, Margaret, 285

Meese, Mike, 68–69, 76, 78, 126, 128, 251, 260

Merrill Lynch, 321

Metz, Steve, 92, 111–12, 141, 153, 157–58

Mexico, 41

Meyer, Heidi, 330–32

Michaelis, Patrick, 185, 186–87

Military Misfortunes: The Anatomy of Failure in War (Cohen and Gooch), 110

military operations other than war (MOOTW), 45–46, 63, 112, 123, 225, 320, 361

Military Review, 31, 105, 112, 137, 140, 141, 145–46, 149, 154, 167, 187, 202, 214, 255, 275–76

   Field Manual summary published by, 177

   renovation of, 105–7

“Military Support for Stability, Security,

   Transition, and Reconstruction (SSTR)

   Operations,” 122

Miller, Harry, 40

Miller, Monica, 257–58

Milosevic, Slobodan, 65

Mine-Resistant Ambush-Protected (MRAP)

   vehicles, 272, 276

Modern History of Iraq, The (Marr), 172

Moseley, T. Michael, 274, 303

Moshtarak, Operation, 330

Mulholland, John, 282

Mullen, Mike, 295, 297–98, 302, 312, 314, 338, 352

Myers, Richard, 229

My Lai massacre, 13

Nadaner, Jeffrey “Jeb,” 119, 120–22, 123, 125, 141, 287

Nagl, John, 34, 37, 40–41, 46, 69, 82, 86, 94, 96, 97, 105, 117, 119, 123, 137, 147, 150, 154, 156, 164–65, 172, 177, 199, 225, 245, 254, 255, 260, 276, 277–78, 283, 287–88, 305–6, 320, 321, 333, 351, 356, 361, 364–65

   COIN field manual and, 143–45, 147, 151–52

   Defense Department posting of, 90

   Desert Storm and, 1–3

   Directive 3000.05 and, 120–22

   doctoral dissertation of, 3, 38–39, 42–43, 79, 209

   at IO conference, 149, 151

   Iraq War posting of, 79–80

   Kilcullen’s friendship with, 92–93

   military background of, 1–2, 9–10

   New York Times profile of, 91–92, 111, 140–41

   Peters’s confrontation with, 220–21

   Petraeus and, 10, 34, 35–36, 129–30, 137, 143, 145, 147, 220, 351

   promotions issue and, 280–82

   retirement of, 296–97

   at SSC, 112–15

   West Point’s Social Sciences Department and, 44

Nagl, Susanne Varga, 37–38

National Army Museum (British), 38

National Defense Force, South African, 68

National Defense Panel, 51

National Defense University, 55, 111, 321

National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, 304

National Liberation Front, Algerian, 15

National Public Radio, 338

National Security Agency, 76, 304

National Security Council, 78, 84, 140, 194, 196, 199, 240, 309

   Special Group of, 26, 84

   surge and, 237–38

National Training Center, 37, 45, 130–32, 156, 167, 169, 172, 225–26, 277

National War College, 183

Naval Postgraduate School, 103, 136, 344

Naval War College, 109

Navy, U.S., 53, 145, 232, 271

Navy SEALs, 245, 303

   bin Laden killed by, 353

Negroponte, John, 186

Neoconservatives, 109, 118

   surge and, 233, 235, 236–37

Network of Concerned Anthropologists, 284–85

Neumann, Ron, 322

“New Rules for New Enemies” (Nagl and Yingling), 278–79

Newsweek, 127

New Yorker, 153, 177

New York Post, 216, 220, 221–22

New York Times, 330, 334

New York Times Magazine, 91–92, 111, 140

Niaz, Malik, 334

Nicaragua, 3, 25, 28, 41, 103, 104

Night Stackers, 303

Nixon, Richard M., 52

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 35, 36, 41–42, 47, 183, 272, 300, 306, 337, 346, 352, 353

   in Afghan War, 294, 301, 305, 307–8, 317–18, 322–23

   Balkans crisis and, 65–68, 182

   see also International Security Assistance Force

Northern Alliance, 54, 87

Northern Ireland, 104, 226, 364

Obama, Barack, 293, 294, 302, 315, 322, 335, 347, 349, 354

   Afghan War debate and, 301–2, 310–13, 316–18, 326, 351–53

   elected president, 295

   Gates retained by, 298–99

   McChrystal’s resignation and, 337–38

   military policy review called for by, 354–56

   new “strategic guidance” address of, 356–60

   Petraeus named CIA director by, 350–51

   Riedel report and, 297–300

   West Point address of, 316–18

Obama administration, 339

   Gates retained in, 298–99

Odierno, Ray, 194–95, 197, 227–28, 243, 259, 261, 263, 265, 266, 267, 269, 270, 283, 296, 355, 358

   in Anwar visit, 248

   Baghdad security and, 253–54, 256–58

   Casey’s campaign plan memo of, 249–51

   as chief of staff, 354

   “Closing the Gap” memo of, 250–51, 256

   as 4th Infantry Devision commander, 113–14, 194, 227, 239, 248, 251–52, 333

   Iraq surge and, 239–41

   at Strategic Studies Conference, 113–16

Office of Net Assessment, 47, 109

Office of Strategic Services, 101

Of Paradise and Power (Kagan), 233

Ollivant, Doug, 254–56

101st Airborne Division, U.S., 31, 61–62, 69, 71–72, 77, 114, 126, 172, 187, 191, 199, 227, 333, 348

172nd Stryker Brigade, U.S., 202

173rd Airborne Brigade, U.S., 251

O’Neill, Mark, 220

On Guerrilla Warfare (Mao), 19

On War (Clausewitz), 57

Operation Anaconda, 55

Operation Desert Shield, 36

Operation Desert Storm, 1, 8, 36, 37, 42, 44, 58, 61–62, 95, 97, 182, 359

   smart bombs in, 49–51, 53–54

Operation Justice Assured, 65

Operation Moshtarak, 330

Operation Phantom Thunder, 267

Operations (field manual), 105

Operation Together Forward, 202

Operation Together Forward II, 202

Operation Uphold Democracy, 63–64

O’Sullivan, Meghan, 191–92, 197–99, 201, 202, 238, 242, 264

Pace, Peter, 121, 171, 195–96, 223–24, 230–31, 241–42

Packer, George, 153, 177

Pakistan, 56, 66, 295, 297, 322, 353

   Afghan War and, 300–302, 314, 318

Palmer, Bruce, Jr., 33–34

Panama, 25, 29, 71, 95, 320, 356

Panetta, Leon, 205, 351, 354, 356

Paradiso, Dante, 332, 334–37

Parameters, 29–31, 32, 33–34

Patriquin, Travis, 246, 248

Peacekeeping Institute, 45

Pearl Harbor attack, 5

Pentagon Papers, 22

Perry, William, 204–8, 211

Peru, 25

Peters, Ralph, 216

   COIN Field Manual criticized by, 217–22

   Nagl’s meeting with, 220–21

Petraeus, David Howell, 10, 43, 83, 91, 95, 96, 102, 105, 111, 120, 125, 126, 172, 175, 177, 182, 191, 195, 209, 220, 221, 223, 236, 256, 276, 285, 287, 302, 305, 314, 317, 327, 328, 329, 333, 336, 341, 353, 355, 356, 360

   Afghan War counterinsurgency guide of, 341–44

   Afghan War posting of, 338–40

   in Army Fellows program, 64

   assessment of, 361–63, 365

   background of, 11–13

   Baghdad operations and, 263–65

   Balkans posting of, 65–68

   CAC posting of, 128, 130–31

   cancer of, 342, 348

   Casey replaced by, 238, 251

   CentCom posting of, 296

   counterinsurgency field manual and, 143, 145, 147–49, 151, 213, 214–15, 218–19, 324

   counterinsurgency readings of, 15–17

   doctoral dissertation of, 32–34, 35, 38, 168, 209, 276–77, 364–65

   French military’s influence on, 14–20

   in Haiti operation, 63–65

   Iraq command posting of, 259–61, 267–69

   Italy posting of, 14

   Joint Chiefs posting denied to, 349–50

   Keane and, 227–28

   McMaster and, 169, 170–71

   marriage of, 12–13

   Mosul operation and, 71–76, 126–27, 141

   42, 184, 227–28, 244, 246, 251, 255, 259–60, 269, 279

   Nagl and, 10, 34, 35–36, 129–30, 137, 143, 145, 147, 220, 351

   named CIA director, 350–51

   on Newsweek cover, 127

   as 101st Division commander, 61–62

   in Operation Desert Storm, 62–63, 107

   O’Sullivan and, 198–99, 202

   in parachute accident, 62

   Parameters article of, 29–31, 32, 33–34

   promotion board and, 282

   retirement of, 351

   Rumsfeld’s first encounter with, 126–27

   Sanchez and, 127–28

   Sewall’s conference and, 137–38, 141–42

   shooting incident and, 62

   in Southern Command, 25–26

   surge debate and, 240–41, 242

   on Vietnam War, 364–65

   at West Point, 11–12, 14

   Wilson recruited by, 69–71

   See also Iraq War; Iraq War, surge in

Petraeus, Holly Knowlton, 12–13

Phantom Thunder, Operation, 267

“Phase IV Operations: Where Wars Are Really Won” (Crane), 107, 146

Phee, Molly, 159

Philippines, 17, 33, 41, 97, 104, 107, 113, 159, 170, 219, 225, 364

“Pledge of Non-Participation in Counterinsurgency,” 284–85

Poland, 32

“Politically Correct War” (Peters), 216

Potsdam Conference (1945), 5

Powell, Colin, 24, 349–50

Powell Doctrine, 24–25

Power, Samantha, 138

Power of Myth, The (Campbell), 70

Praeger Publishers, 79, 92, 178

Predator drone, 53, 55, 271–72, 275

Princeton University, 24

“Principles, Imperatives, and Paradoxes of Counterinsurgency,” 165

“Producing Victory: Rethinking Conventional Forces in COIN Operations” (Ollivant and Chewning), 255

“Professor Nagl’s War” (Maass), 91

promotions system, 279–82

   McMaster and, 169–71, 279–80, 281, 282

   new strategic guidelines and, 358

Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR), 92–93, 111, 114, 117, 140

   Rumsfeld and, 52–53, 123–24

   of 2001, 52, 89

   of 2005, 89, 123–24, 166, 260, 355, 357

Quinn, Daniel, 70

RAND Corporation, 49, 98, 141, 156, 161, 170–71, 209

   COIN symposium of, 177–78

Rangers, U.S., 14, 21

Rapid Deployment Force, 21

Rayburn, Joel, 181–82, 260, 263

“Ready First” Brigade, 277

Reagan, Ronald, 9–10, 24, 28, 138

Reconstructing Iraq (Defense Department), 146

Red Army, Soviet, 359

Red Army Faction, 27

Red Crescent, 66, 127

Red Cross, 127

Republican Guard, Iraqi, 50, 63, 169

Republican Party, U.S., 109, 204, 270, 296, 312

Resistance, 15

Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, 25

revolution in military affairs (RMA), 46–48, 89, 124, 271–73, 359

   Afghan War and, 53–55

   Air Force and, 46–47, 48–51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 110, 271–72, 353, 359

   JDAM and, 53–54

   onset of, 46–47

   smart bombs and, 49–51, 53, 56, 353

   2000 election and, 51

   unmanned aircraft development and, 47–48, 53–54

   and weapons of transformation, 58

Revolution in Warfare? (Cohen), 110

Rice, Condoleezza, 166, 192–94, 197, 199, 239, 241, 286, 322, 323

   F-bomb affair and, 292–93

   Iraq War Senate testimony of, 195–96

Rice, Don, 48–49, 109–10

Rice, Susan, 140

Richards, David, 322, 323

Ricks, Tom, 78

Riedel, Bruce, 294, 323

   Afghan policy report of, 295–97, 299–300, 301

Robb, Charles, 205, 206–7

Robinson, Linda, 153

Rolling Stone, 337

Rothstein, Hy, 344–45

Rove, Karl, 237

Royal Military College, Australian, 85–86

Royal Military College, Canadian, 87

Rubaie, Mowaffak al-, 264

Rumsfeld, Donald, 51, 71, 82, 89, 94, 97, 106, 117, 118, 128, 171, 180, 182, 189–90, 194, 199, 206, 227–29, 237, 241, 275, 280, 281, 303, 345, 347, 359

   Afghan War and, 55–56

   clear-hold-build strategy opposed by, 195–97

   Directive 3000.05 and, 119–21, 123

   Gates’s replacement of, 211–12, 238–39, 270, 298

   Hillary Clinton’s confrontation with, 224–25

   Iraq insurgency failure of, 58–59

   Iraq War and, 56–57

   Keane’s meeting with, 230–31

   Petraeus’s first meeting with, 126–27

   2001 QDR and, 52–53

   2005 QDR and, 123–24

Russia, 293

Sadr, Mohammad Sadiq al-, 184

Sadr, Muqtada al-, 184, 188, 263–64, 267–68

Sanchez, Ricardo, 96–97, 106, 127–28, 229

Sandanistas, 3, 28, 103

Sargeant, Stephen, 96–98

Sassoon, Siegfried, 70

Sattar Abu Risha, Abdul, 247–48

Saudi Arabia, 36, 169, 181

Saudi High Commission for Relief, 66

Schmidle, Robert “Rooster,” 83–84, 88, 355–56, 357

School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), 81, 108, 144

School of Advanced Military Studies (SAMS), 57–58, 69–70, 81, 162

Schoomaker, Peter, 94–95, 96, 117–18, 128–29, 215, 227

Schwartz, Norton, 274–75

Schwarzkopf, Norman, 8, 58

Scott, Thayer, 275

Scowcroft, Brent, 310

2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment, U.S., 169

Second Boer War, 85

Second Marine Regiment, U.S., 167–68

Senate, U.S., 237, 270, 297, 299, 314

   Armed Services Committee of, 51, 224–25

   Foreign Relations Committee of, 194–95, 295, 315

Sepp, Kalev “Gunner,” 136, 141, 146, 150, 153, 163, 168, 178–79, 187, 193, 194–95, 250–51, 255

   COIN Academy and, 167, 173–74

   insurgency war paper of, 104–5, 107

   in Iraq, 103–4

   military education of, 99–102

Sepp, Sulev, 99

September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, 53, 65, 86, 94, 103, 139, 193, 204, 208, 254, 303, 353

Seven Pillars of Wisdom (Lawrence), 43, 82, 90, 320

7th Special Forces Group, U.S., 26

sewage, water, electricity, trash collection (SWET), 185, 207, 250

Sewall, Sarah, 138–41, 149, 165, 174, 287–88, 328, 331, 337

   Carr Center conferences of, 139–41, 145–47, 153

   in field manual workshop, 154–55

   McChrystal’s confrontation with, 329

Shalikashvili, John, 45, 64

Shapiro, Jeremy, 306

Shelton, Hugh, 168–69

Sherman, Matt, 345–46

Shias, 178, 180–81, 183, 189, 192, 210, 250, 253, 254, 262, 265, 267–68

Shining Path, 25

Shinseki, Eric, 65, 227

Shinwari pact, 332, 334–37, 363

Shivers, Mitchell, 321

Shock and Awe: Achieving Rapid Dominance (Ullman and Wade), 52

Simpson, Erin, 144

Sitting Bull, 70

Six-Day War, 109

6th Parachute Regiment, French, 14–15

Sky, Emma, 251–53, 266, 333

Sling and the Stone, The (Hammes), 141

Small Wars Journal, 177, 275

Small Wars Manual (U.S. Marine Corps), 82–83, 105, 156, 320

Small Wars: Their Principles and Practice (Callwell), 38, 80

smart bombs, 53, 56, 353

   in Gulf War, 49–51

Soldier of Fortune, 135

Soldier Reports, A (Westmoreland), 42

Somalia, 27, 44, 45, 81, 104, 225, 277, 356

Sons of Iraq, 262, 267–69

Sorley, Lewis, 194–95, 311, 320

South Africa, 68

Southern Command, U.S., 25, 29–30, 65, 148

Soviet Union, 1–2, 25, 36, 38, 47, 87, 292, 299, 361

   in Afghanistan, 85, 104, 309

   collapse of, 299

Spanish Civil War, 9

Special Forces, U.S., 29, 45, 63, 65, 97, 101, 103, 200, 257, 282, 323, 350, 362

   in Afghan War, 54–55

   irregular warfare and, 94–95

   JFK and, 26–27

   Mogadishu hostage rescue and, 100

   Zarqawi killed by, 201

Special Operations Command, U.S., 106, 274

Sri Lanka, 191

Stability, Security, Transition, and Reconstruction (SSTR), 122

stability operations, 145, 354–56, 357

   see also Defense Department Directive 3000.05

Stanton, Paul, 255

Star Wars Missile Defense Program, 138

Star Wars: Return of the Jedi (film), 58, 154

State Department, U.S., 8, 64, 97, 111, 112, 119, 121, 148–49, 166, 183, 192, 194, 198, 199, 205, 208, 239, 256, 287, 296, 304, 323

Status of Forces Agreement, 294

Steele, James, 158

Steele, Michael, 187

Stephenson, James “Spike,” 186

Stinger missiles, 44

Strategic Air Command, 9

Strategic Studies Conference, 111–16

   Cohen at, 111–12

   impact of, 113

   Odierno and, 113–16

   participants in, 112

   venue of, 112

Strategy: The Indirect Approach (Liddell Hart), 57

Strategy and Policy Group, 5

Street Without Joy (Fall), 15, 17

Sullivan, Gordon, 226–27

Sunnis, 178, 180–81, 184, 188–89, 192, 210, 244, 245, 247, 250, 253, 254, 261–64, 265, 267–68, 269, 333

Sunni Triangle, 79, 113

Sun Tzu, 57

Supreme Command (Cohen), 200

Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq, 254

Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE), 35–36

“Sustaining US Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense,” 356–57

Swain, Richard, 160

Sylvester, John, 66

Syria, 74, 172, 250, 253–54, 268

Taiwan, 25

Tal Afar, 172–73, 177, 181, 193, 230, 234–35, 244–46, 279, 363

Taliban, 53, 56, 87, 103, 236, 307, 314, 319, 332, 336, 340, 343, 347, 363

   in Afghan War, 294–95, 300–301, 302, 306, 310, 316–17, 320, 321, 322–23, 329–30, 331, 333–34, 344–45, 353

   in Battle of Marja, 329–30

   drone strikes against, 54–55

Task Force Mountain Warrior, U.S., 332

Task Force 6–26, U.S., 304

Teamey, Kyle, 144, 151, 157, 216

Templer, Gerald, 38, 40, 42, 79, 143, 364

10th Mountain Division, U.S., 63, 282

Tet offensive, 13

Texas Monthly, 276

Thabit, Adnan, 187

Thayer, Sylvanus, 4–5

“Thinking Beyond War” (Wilson), 77–78

3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment, U.S., 168, 172, 223, 244, 279

3rd Army, U.S., 110

3rd Colonial Parachute Regiment, French, 15

III Corps, U.S., 133, 239

3rd Infantry Division, U.S., 63

“Thirteen Observations from Soldiering in Iraq” (Petraeus), 137

Thomas, Jim, 81–83, 84, 89–92, 108, 123–24

Thompson, Robert, 17, 38, 41, 156

Thurman, J. D., 239–40

Together Forward, Operation, 202

Together Forward II, Operation, 202

Tonight Show, 299

“Toward a Mercenary Anthropology?”, 285

Townsend, Steve, 282

Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), 102, 130

Transforming Defense: National Security in the 21st Century, 51

Transition to and from Hostilities, 118–19

Transportation Department, U.S., 287

Truman, Harry, 302–3

Turkey, 71, 74, 104, 114, 181, 253

Twain, Mark, 32

24th Infantry Division, U.S, 20–21, 30, 148

25th Infantry Division, U.S., 321

“Twenty-seven Articles” (Lawrence), 177

“Twenty-eight Articles: Fundamentals of Company-level Counterinsurgency” (Kilcullen), 176–77, 202, 260, 265

Ullman, Richard, 33

“Uncomfortable Wars: Toward a New Paradigm” (Petraeus), 30–32, 154

United Commitment (Iltizam Mushtarak) strategy, 174, 179

United Nations, 17, 64, 174, 182

University of Chicago Press, 92

Uphold Democracy, Operation, 63–64

Usman, Malik, 334

US Naval Institute Press, 110

U.S. News & World Report, 153

Vichy France, 15

Vickers, Michael, 200

Viet Cong, 22, 23, 24, 27, 33, 38, 41, 161, 209

Viet Minh, 15

Vietnam, Republic of (South Vietnam), 32, 209

Vietnam War, 17, 24, 35, 47, 49, 58–59, 79, 99, 100, 104, 109, 111, 118, 119, 134, 141, 149, 170, 190, 209, 225, 297, 355, 362

   Afghan War and, 310–11

   Battle of Hué in, 91

   body count policy in, 22–23

   collateral damage in, 139

   McMaster’s dissertation on, 168

   Malaya insurgency and, 38–39

   My Lai massacre in, 13

   Petraeus on, 364–65

   smart bombs in, 50

   Tet offensive in, 13

   U.S. Army doctrine in, 41–42

   U.S. military in aftermath of, 32–33

“Vigilant Warrior” (war game), 59–60

Village, The (West), 82, 161

Vo Nguyen Giap, 156

Vuono, Carl, 61–62, 64

Wade, James, 51–52

Waghelstein, John, 29, 111, 153, 159

Wallace, William Scott, 106, 128, 131, 133, 136–37, 186–87

Wall Street Journal, 29, 153

Walter Reed Hospital scandal, 271, 276, 280–81

Ward, Celeste, 208–10, 211, 222, 263, 289, 341, 362

Warfighting Laboratory, 84

War of Information, 23, 30, 74, 148

War on Terror, 210, 284, 347

Warsaw Pact, 13, 41–42, 47, 183, 272

Washington, George, 4

Washington Independent, 292

Washington Post, 78, 81, 160, 271, 336, 346

Wass de Czege, Huba, 57, 60, 105, 129, 146, 162, 164

Weapon of Choice: U.S. Army Special Operations in Afghanistan (Sepp), 103

Weekly Standard, 308–9

Weigley, Russell, 41

Weinberger, Caspar, 24

Weinberger Doctrine, 24–25

“We’re Not the Soviets in Afghanistan” (Kagan), 308–9

West, Francis “Bing,” 82, 161–62, 218

Westmoreland, William, 41, 42–43, 194

West Point, 33, 57, 126, 313

   alumni-cemetery of, 360–61

   Bernstein Memorial Award of, 155–56

   COIN rebellion at, 4–6

   History Department of, 101–2, 169, 181, 200, 233

   Nagl at, 1–2

   Obama’s Afghan War address at, 316–18

   Petraeus at, 11–12, 14

   Social Science Department (Sosh) of, 5–9, 11, 24, 31, 44, 46, 68, 120, 183, 184–85, 212, 254

   Thayer’s proposed motto for, 4–5

Wilson, Isaiah “Ike,” 44–45, 46, 77, 254

   Petraeus’s recruitment of, 69–70

Woerner, Fred, 28

Wolfowitz, Paul, 82–83, 90–91, 111, 117, 228

Woodward, Bob, 313

World Bank, 117

World Trade Center, 53

World War I, 43

World War II, 5, 15, 33, 99, 101, 110, 285, 286, 309

   bombing accuracy in, 50

   postwar planning in, 59

Wynne, Michael, 274

Yalta Conference (1945), 5

Yingling, Paul, 278–79, 281, 283

Zarqawi, Musab al-, 201, 304

Zelikow, Philip, 192–96, 199, 208, 239–40, 241, 256

Zilmer, Richard, 248