Notes
One
West Point Cadet
1. Monaghan, Custer, 12; Schaff, Spirit of Old West Point, 2.
2. Wallace, Custer’s Ohio Boyhood, 19.
3. Merington, The Custer Story, 7; Wallace, Custer’s Ohio Boyhood, 19.
4. Wallace, Custer’s Ohio Boyhood, 18, 21, 23, 24; Monaghan, Custer, 10–12.
5. Monaghan, Custer, 22.
6. Reynolds, Civil War Memories, 16.
7. The most entertaining and informative book about Custer’s West Point years is Schaff, The Spirit of Old West Point.
8. Dupuy, Men of West Point, 13–14.
9. Schaff, The Spirit of Old West Point, 37 ff., 40, 68; J. P. Farley, West Point in the Early Sixties, 78.
10. Register of Delinquencies, 192; Horn, “Skinned.” 1, 2; Frost, Custer Legends, 45.
11. Horn, “Skinned,” passim.
12. Sergent, They Lie Forgotten, 23, 24, 55.
13. Carroll, Custer and His Times, 9; Carroll, Four on Custer, 26–28. (Schaff, The Spirit of Old West Point, 159.)
14. Regulations for the U. S. Military Academy, 12.
15. Register of Merit, 104, 108, 113; Register of Delinquencies, 193.
16. GAC to brother and sister, June 30, 1858, George Armstrong Custer Collection, Monroe County Library System. Hereinafter referred to as GAC Collection, MCLS.
17. Monaghan, Custer, 29; Reynolds, Civil War Memories, 39.
18. Frost, Custer Legends, 136; Schaff, The Spirit of Old West Point, 194; Hutton, Custer Reader, 9.
19. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 87.
20. Sergent, They Lie Forgotten, 23–24.
21. Frost, Custer Legends, 137; Reynolds, Civil War Memories, 20; Schaff, The Spirit of Old West Point, 26, 193–95.
22. Register of Delinquencies, 342; Horn, “Skinned,” 7–10.
23. O’Neil, “Custer’s First Romance Revealed,” 28.
24. Record of Delinquencies, 343; Register of Merit, 133, 139, 146, USMAA; Horn, “Skinned,” 11–14.
Two
Rumors of War
1. Sergent, They Lie Forgotten, 86.
2. Pappas, To the Point, 310–11.
3. Monaghan, Custer, 35, 83.
4. Ibid., 37.
5. Ibid., 36, 37.
6. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 79–80; Monaghan, Custer, 35.
7. GAC to sister, November 10, 1860, GAC Collection, MCLS.
8. Oliver Otis Howard, Autobiography, I: 99.
9. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 84.
10. Schaff, The Spirit of West Point, 193–94.
11. Schaff, The Spirit of West Point, 207–208; Pappas, To the Point, 327–28.
12. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 81.
13. G. A. Custer, “War Memoirs: From West Point,” Galaxy, 22, No. 3 (September 1876), 450–451.
14. GAC to sister, April 10, 1861, GAC collection, MCLS.
15. GAC to sister, April 22, 1861; GAC Collection, MCLS; Monaghan, Custer, 40–41.
16. Monaghan, Custer, 42.
17. Record of Delinquencies, 448, 449; Register of Merit, 150, 151, 158.
18. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 86.
19. Schaff, The Spirit of West Point, 260; Hatch, Custer Companion, 11–12.
20. Schaff, The Spirit of West Point, 260; Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 87, 88; Special Orders, no. 21, U.S. Military Academy Archives (USMAA), 8.
21. Special orders, no. 21, USMAA, 8.
22. Special orders, no. 21, USMAA, 8, 9; Frost, Custer Legends, 76.
23. Special orders, no. 21, USMAA, 8, 9; Frost, Custer Legends, 76, 77.
24. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 88–89.
25. Ibid., 89.
Three
Bull Run
1. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 89; Monaghan, Custer, 43–44.
2. Ibid., 89.
3. Ibid., 90, 91.
4. Hatch, Osceola, 131.
5. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 90, 91.
6. Ibid., 91.
7. Ibid., 92–93; Monaghan, Custer, 47.
8. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 92–94, 96.
9. Ibid., 101, 102.
10. The best biography is Bushong and Bushong’s Fightin’ Tom Rosser.
11. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 103.
12. Ibid., 103–04; Whittaker, Custer, 67–68.
13. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 100.
14. Faust, Historical Times Encyclopedia, 90–92.
15. Davis, Bull Run, passim; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, I: 73–74; Merington, Custer Story, 12.
16. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 103, 105; Whittaker, Custer, 72–73.
17. Faust, Historical Times Encyclopedia, 92.
18. Davis, Bull Run, passim.
19. Merington, Custer Story, 12–13; Monaghan, Custer, 56.
20. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 105.
Four
The Cavalry Charge
1. Warner, Generals in Blue, 290–91; Sears, George B. McClellan, 95–101, 110, 111.
2. Warner, Generals in Blue, 290–91; Starr, Union Cavalry, I, 234–38.
3. Starr, Union Cavalry, I: 58–59; Warner, Generals in Blue, 258–59.
4. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 113–114.
5. Monaghan, Custer, 58–59.
6. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 115; Merington, Custer Story, 25.
7. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 118.
8. Hatch, Custer Companion, 10; Wallace, Custer’s Ohio Boyhood, 25, 27.
9. Wallace, Custer’s Ohio Boyhood, 25, 27; Hatch, Custer Companion, 19.
10. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 14–17.
11. Whittaker, Custer, 89–90.
12. “Genealogical Information from the Emanuel Custer Bible,” George Armstrong Custer Papers, Monroe County Historical Museum Association, hereinafter referred to as GAC Papers, MCHMA; Wallace, Custer’s Ohio Boyhood, 6, 7.
13. Wallace, Custer’s Ohio Boyhood, 5, 6, 7.
14. Ibid., 7.
15. Merington, Custer Story, 6.
16. Reynolds, Civil War Memories, 9.
17. Frost, Custer Legends, 101.
18. Wallace, Custer’s Ohio Boyhood, 15, 16, 18; Merington, Custer Story, 7.
19. Wallace, Custer’s Ohio Boyhood, 11.
20. Ibid., 17.
21. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 13, 14, 19, 22.
22. Quaife, “Some Monroe Memories,” 9–12; Reynolds, Civil War Memories, 4.
23. Monaghan, Custer, 61.
24. Sears, George B. McClellan, 108–116.
25. Whittaker, Custer, 93–94.
26. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 128–129.
27. Ibid., 129, 130; Monaghan, Custer, 62, 63.
28. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 129–30.
29. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 130; GAC to parents, March 17, 1862, GAC Collection, MCLS.
Five
Balloons and Battle Flags
1. Sears, George B. McClellan, 168.
2. GAC to parents, March 17, 1862, GAC Collection, MCLS.
3. GAC to parents, March 26, 1862; GAC to sister, March 28, 1862, GAC Collection, MCLS.
4. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 134.
5. McClellan, Stuart, 47; Blackford, War Years, 60–62.
6. Blackford, War Years, 60.
7. Merington, Custer Story, 29.
8. GAC to My Dear Sister, April 11, 1862, GAC Collection, MCLS.
9. E. H. Custer to GAC, April 18, 1862, Frost Collection, MCHMA; O’Neil, “Sister’s Letter,” NLBHA 27 (2):6–7.
10. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 146; Sears, To the Gates, 41, 54.
11. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 146.
12. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 147; GAC to sister, May 15, 1862, GAC Collection, MCLS.
13. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 146–149.
14. U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Hereinafter referred to as “O. R.,” series 1, 11, pt. 1, 534; Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 149–50.
15. O. R., series 1, vol. 11, pt. 1, 526.
16. McClellan, Stuart, 48–50; Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 150.
17. O. R., series 1, vol. 11, pt. 3, 526.
18. O. R., series 1, vol. 11, pt. 1, 273.
19. O. R., series 1, vol. 11, pt. 1, 570–75.
20 O. R., series 1, vol. 11, pt. 1, 535; Stephen W. Sears, To the Gates, 73–74.
21. O. R., series 1, vol. 11, pt. 1, 536, 543, 608–13; Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 154–58.
22. O. R., series 1, vol. 11, pt. 1, pp. 536–543.
23. O. R., series 1, vol. 11, pt. 1, pp. 536–543, 608–13; Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 154–58; Sears, To the Gates, 78–81.
24. GAC to sister, May 15, 1862, GAC Collection, MCLS.
25. Starr, Union Cavalry, I: 268; GAC to sister, May 15, 1862, GAC Collection, MCLS.
26. O. R., series 1, vol. 11, pt. 1, 111, 651; National Tribune, May 7, 1903.
27. O. R., series 1, vol. 11, pt. 1, 651, 652, 653, 654; National Tribune, May 7, 1903; Reynolds, Civil War, 75.
28. O. R., series 1, 11, pt. 1, 651; McClellan, McClellan’s Own Story, 364; Merington, Custer Story, 31.
Six
Aide-de-Camp
1. McClellan, McClellan’s Own Story, 365.
2. Sears, To the Gates, 103–112.
3. Sears, To the Gates, chapter 6; Faust, Historical Times Encyclopedia, 668.
4. Eicher, The Longest Night, 279.
5. Monaghan, Custer, 83; Katz, Custer in Photographs, 6–7.
6. Sears, To the Gates, chap. 6.
7. The best biography is Thomas, Bold Dragoon. For Stuart’s adventurous tangle with the Cheyenne, see Hatch, Black Kettle, 61, 81.
8. Nesbitt, Saber and Scapegoat, 109.
9. Mosby, “The Ride Around McClellan,” 246–48; O. R., series 1, 11, pt. 1, 1038; Dowdey, Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee, 192; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, I: 277–78.
10. O. R., 11, pt. 1, 1036; Von Borcke, Memoirs, I, 37; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, I: 282.
11. O. R., 11, pt. 1, 1037–39; McClellan, Stuart, 54–57, 60–66; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, I: 282–83, 286, 288, 292–298, 300; Campbell, “Stuart’s Ride,” 86–89; Cooke, Wearing of the Gray, 175–181.
12. Richmond Enquirer, June 16 and June 18, 1862; Richmond Examiner, June 16, 1862; O. R., 11, pt. 1, 1042; Dowdey, Wartime Papers of Lee, 197–98; Hatch, “Custer vs. Stuart,” 45–47.
13. O. R., 11, pt. 1, 1042; Dowdey, Wartime Papers of Lee, 198–200.
14. O. R., 11, pt. 1, 117, pt. 2, 75; Sears, George B. McClellan Papers, 320; GAC to brother and sister, July 13, 1862, GAC Collection, MCLS.
15. O. R., vol. 11, pt. 1, 574–75.
16. O. R., vol. 11, pt. 2, 521.
17. Bushong and Bushong, Fighting Tom Rosser, 20.
18. GAC to brother and sister, July 13, 1862, GAC Collection, MCLS.
19. Monaghan, Custer, 87.
20. O. R., 11, pt. 2, 954, 955; Merington, Custer Story, 32–33.
21. Sears, George B. McClellan, 240–45.
22. McClellan, Stuart, 86, 91; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, I: 643, II: 4–5; Bushong and Bushong, Fighting Tom Rosser, 20.
23. Schaff, The Spirit of Old West Point, 180–183; Merington, Custer Story, 34–35.
24. Merington, Custer Story, 35.
25. Tom Carhart, Sacred Ties, 138–139.
26. Faust, Historical Times Encyclopedia, 92–93.
27. Sears, George B. McClellan, 247; Murfin, The Gleam of Bayonets, passim.
28. Stackpole, From Cedar Mountain to Antietam, 301, 303, 314–15.
29. Monaghan, Custer, 103.
30. Stackpole, From Cedar Mountain to Antietam, passim; Murfin, The Gleam of Bayonets, passim; Long, The Civil War, 268–81.
31. Foner, The Fiery Trial, 239–42; Nevins, Ordeal of the Union, vol. 6: 231–41, 273.
32. Monaghan, Custer, 99–100.
33. Merington, Custer Story, 35.
34. GAC to Augusta Ward, October 3, 1862, typescript, GAC Letters, Rochester Public Library.
35. O. R., 19, pt. 2, 52–56; Blackford, War Years, 164; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, II, 284–85.
36. O. R., 12, pt. 2, 52–56; Blackford, War Years, 165–78; McClellan, Stuart, 140–41, 148–49, 163–64.
37. Richmond Examiner, October 15, 1862; O. R., 19, pt. 2, 51.
38. Sears, George B. McClellan, 340–44.
Seven
Libbie
1. Leckie, Elizabeth Bacon Custer, 11–12.
2. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 14, 15; Merington, Custer Story, 14–16.
3. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 14–17.
4. Merington, Custer Story, 18–19.
5. Merington, Custer Story, 20–21.
6. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 16.
7. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 17, 18; Leckie, Elizabeth Bacon Custer, 5–7.
8. Leckie, Elizabeth Bacon Custer, 8; Elizabeth Clift Bacon Journal, 8 April 1852 to 31 December 1860. Gift of Marguerite Merington to Western Americana Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT (hereafter referred to as EBCJ), 9, 10, 11, 12, 18 April, 1852.
9. Leckie, Elizabeth Bacon Custer, 7, 8; EBCJ, 16, 19 April, 1852 and 5, 20 August, 1852 and 8 September, 1852.
10. EBCJ, 27 August, 1854.
11. EBCJ, 27 August, 1854; Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 25.
12. Leckie, Elizabeth Bacon Custer, 10, 11; EBCJ, 12 November, 1854.
13. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 28–30.
14. Leckie, Elizabeth Bacon Custer, 12–13.
15. Kines, A Life Within a Life, 8.
16. Leckie, Elizabeth Bacon Custer, 14–15; EBCJ, 15 January 1858.
17. EBCJ, 15 January 1858.
18. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 29–31.
19. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 32, 33.
20. EBCJ, 18 May, 1859.
21. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 32, 33; Merington, Custer Story, 42, 43.
22. Detroit Free Press, 20 June, 1862.
23. Libbie (Elizabeth Clift) Bacon’s Journal, 1861–1863, Brice C. W. Custer Collection, a private collection, (BCWCC), hereinafter cited as LBJ, 28 February, 1862.
24. Merington, Custer Story, 46–47.
25. Merington, Custer Story, 48.
26. Merington, Custer Story, 47; LBJ, 17 December, 1862.
27. LBJ, 17 December, 1862.
28. Leckie, Elizabeth Bacon Custer, 24; LBJ, 17 December, 1862.
29. Blackford, War Years, 189; Von Borcke, Memories, II: 112–34; Faust, Civil War Encyclopedia, 287, 289.
30. Leckie, Elizabeth Bacon Custer, 24.
31. Merington, Custer Story, 50; Leckie, Elizabeth Bacon Custer, 25; Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 58.
32. Merington, Custer Story, 50.
33. Merington, Custer Story, 50; Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 58, 59.
34. Merington, Custer Story, 50–51.
35. O. R., 25, pt. 1, 58–60; Blackford, War Years, 200–01.
36. Cooke, Wearing of the Gray, 116–129; Schaff, The Spirit of Old West Point, 133.
37. Bushong and Bushong, Fighting Tom Rosser, 42–43.
38. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 33, 60, 61.
39. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 60.
40. Leckie, Elizabeth Bacon Custer, 25; Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 59–63.
41. Monaghan, Custer, 115.
Eight
Pleasonton’s Pet
1. Stackpole, Chancellorsville, passim; McClellan, Stuart, 218–24.
2. O. R., 25, pt. 1, 1045–48.
3. Ibid., 886–89.
4. Ibid., 886–89.
5. Furgurson, Chancellorsville, 333.
6. Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 49.
7. Ibid., 46–47; Starr, Union Cavalry, I, 363, 367.
8. Ibid., 48–49; Starr, Union Cavalry, 1, 314n, 315.
9. Merington, Custer Story, 50–51.
10. Ibid., 53; Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 56; Carter, Last Cavaliers, 189.
11. O. R., 25, pt. 1, 1116; Monaghan, Custer, 117–122.
12. Merington, Custer Story, 53–54.
13. LBJ, 26 April 1863; Leckie, Elizabeth Bacon Custer, 27.
14. Reynolds, Civil War Memories, 5.
15. A. Pleasonton to Austin Blair, May 30, 1863. Pleasonton Papers, Library of Congress.
16. Harris, Personal Reminiscences, 17, 23.
17. O’Neil, “Two Men of Ohio: Custer & Bingham,” 33.
18. O. R., pt. 3, 5–8; Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 61–62; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 49–53.
19. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 906; Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 62; Nye, Here Come the Rebels!, 30–32.
Nine
Brandy Station
1. GAC to sister, June 8, 1863, GAC Collection, MCLS.
2. O. R., 25, pt. 2, 574; Carter, Last Cavaliers, 152.
3. Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 56; Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 66.
4. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 679–85; Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 70; Starr, Union Cavalry, I, 366–73; McClellan, Stuart, 264–69.
5. Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 56.
6. Merington, Custer Story, 57, 58.
7. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 754–55; Downey, Clash of Cavalry, 94.
8. Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 51, 67.
9. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 1046; Merington, Custer Story, 58, 59.
10. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 1047–48; Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 67.
11. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 1047–48.
12. Monaghan, Custer, 127.
13. Merington, Custer Story, 58–59; Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 69.
14. Carter, Last Cavaliers, 154; Starr, Union Cavalry, I: 380–83.
15. Carter, Last Cavaliers, 154; Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 70.
16. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 729, 772.
17. Downey, Clash of Cavalry, 123–24; Carter, Last Cavaliers, 159.
18. Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 84–85; Thomas, Robert E. Lee, 291.
19. Alberts, General Wesley Merritt, 58–59.
20. O. R., pt. 3, 39–40; McClellan, Stuart, 294–95.
21. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 905, 1046; Monaghan, Custer, 128.
22. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 168–169, 904 and pt. 2, 719, 768; Faust, Civil War Encyclopedia, 76.
23. Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 90.
24. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 687.
25. New-York Tribune, June 13, 1863.
Ten
Boy General
1. Long, The Civil War, 364–69; Carter, Last Cavaliers, 160–61.
2. McClellan, Stuart, 296–97; Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 102–04.
3. O’Neill, Cavalry Battles, 39; Meyer, Civil War Experiences, 33, 34.
4. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 687–710.
5. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 741.
6. O’Neill, Cavalry Battles, 60, 182n.
7. Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 108; Merington, Custer Story, 55–56.
8. Merington, Custer Story, 55–56.
9. Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 108; Merington, Custer Story, 55–56.
10. Merington, Custer Story, 55.
11. The New York Times, June 20, 1863; Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 108; Merington, Custer Story, 54–55.
12. Merington, Custer Story, 55.
13. Harper’s Weekly, October 3, 1863.
14. Merington, Custer Story, 56.
15. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 289, 908–10, 953–54.
16. O. R., 27, pt. 3, 193, 210–11, 482.
17. McClellan, Stuart, 307–08, 312–13; Starr, Union Cavalry, 1: 411–12.
18. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 687–710.
19. Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 148–49; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III, 41.
20. O. R., 27, pt. 3, 358, 430, 913, 915, 923; Gallagher, First Day at Gettysburg, 16–17; Nesbitt, Saber and Scapegoat, 57–67.
21. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 693; Blackford, War Years, 223.
22. Faust, Historical Times Encyclopedia, 482; O. R., pt. 3, 315, 334–36.
23. O. R., 27; pt. 3, 373–74.
24. Alfred Pleasonton to John F. Farnsworth, June 23, 1863. Pleasonton Papers, Library of Congress.
25. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 61, pt. 3, 373, 376.
26. Monaghan, Custer, 133.
27. Custer to Judge Christiancy, July 26, 1863. Christiancy-Pickett Papers, United States Army Military History Institute.
28. Merington, Custer Story, 60.
29. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 167 and pt. 3, 376.
30. Monroe Commercial, July 28, 1863.
31. Monaghan, Custer, 134–35; Longacre, Custer and His Wolverines, 131.
32. Merington, Custer Story, 60.
33. Monaghan, Custer, 134–35; Longacre, Custer and His Wolverines, 131.
34. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 687–710; Blackford, War Years, 224–25; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III: 65–67.
35. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 687–710; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 198–99.
36. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 687–710; Blackford, War Years, 224–25.
37. Monaghan, Custer, 134–35.
Eleven
East of Gettysburg
1. Longacre, Custer and His Wolverines, 131–32.
2. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 73–74.
3. Whittaker, Custer, 171.
4. O. R., 27; pt. 1, 991, 992; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 124, 125.
5. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 694–95; McClellan, Stuart, 325; Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 157–58.
6. McClellan, Stuart, 326–27; Nye, Here Come the Rebels!, 319–20; O. R., 27, pt. 2, 694.
7. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 992.
8. Longacre, Custer and His Wolverines, 132.
9. McClellan, Stuart, 327; Shriver, “My Father,” 3.
10. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 687–710; McClellan, Stuart, 327–28; Nye, Here Come the Rebels!, 322–25.
11. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 992, 1000; Alexander, “Gettysburg,” 26.
12. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 992, 997; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 128.
13. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 127, 128; Alexander, “Gettysburg,” 27.
14. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 125–29.
15. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 696; McClellan, Stuart, 329–30.
16. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 193, 924, 987–88, 992 and pt. 2, 713–14.
17. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 696; Blackford, War Years, 228.
18. McClellan, Stuart, 329–30; Blackford, War Years, 228; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 201; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III, 136–37.
19. Longacre, Custer and His Wolverines, 38–39.
20. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 927, 934, 939 and pt. 2, 637, 642–43, 646, 648–49.
21. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 992; Carter, Last Cavaliers, 165.
22. Tucker, Lee and Longstreet at Gettysburg, 205.
23. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 318.
24. Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 194–95; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 201.
25. Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 194–95, 196; Cooke, Wearing of the Gray, 245; The New York Times, July 3, 1863.
26. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 221; Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 196–97; Cooke, Wearing of the Gray, 245.
27. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 221, 697; McClellan, Stuart, 330–31; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 202.
28. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 145, 992.
29. Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III: 139; Nesbitt, Saber and Scapegoat, 89–90.
30. Nesbitt, Saber and Scapegoat, 91; Thomas, Bold Dragoon, 247.
31. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 992.
32. Mackey, “Duel of General Wade Hampton,” 122–26; Nye, “Affair at Hunterstown,” 29–30.
33. Shevchuk, “Battle of Hunterstown,” 99.
34. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 999; Nye, “Affair at Hunterstown,” 33.
35. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 992.
36. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 992, 998–1000; Shevchuk, “Battle of Hunterstown,” 99, 100; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 134.
37. Shevchuk, “Battle of Hunterstown,” 100.
38. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 992; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 134; Nye, “Affair at Hunterstown,” 33; Shevchuk, “Battle of Hunterstown,” 102, 103.
39. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 992.
40. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 135.
Twelve
Custer vs. Stuart
1. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 697, 699, 724; McClellan, Stuart, 337; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 520–21.
2. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 956; Trowbridge, Operations of the Cavalry, 9–12; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 136–42.
3. Alexander, “Gettysburg,” 37; Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 223.
4. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 697; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 520–21.
5. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 139–44; Trowbridge, Operations of the Cavalry, 10–12.
6. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 139–44; Trowbridge, Operations of the Cavalry, 10–13.
7. McClellan, Stuart, 338–39; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 521.
8. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 141–44; Robertson, Michigan in the War, 582–83; Harris, Personal Reminiscences, 29–30.
9. Alexander, “Gettysburg,” 32.
10. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 956; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 521–22.
11. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 145.
12. Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 225; Longacre, Custer and His Wolverines, 148; Carter, Last Cavaliers, 169.
13. Krolick, “Forgotten Field,” 84.
14. Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 228; Longacre, Custer and His Wolverines, 148–49; Nesbitt, Saber and Scapegoat, 100.
15. Harris, Personal Reminiscences, 31–32; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 148–49.
16. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 147–49.
17. Nesbitt, Saber and Scapegoat, 101; Longacre, Custer and His Wolverines, 150.
18. Lee, “Personal and Historical Sketches,” 148–49; Trowbridge, Operations of the Cavalry, 13.
19. Brooke-Rawle, “The Right Flank,” 480; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 148–52.
20. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 151–52; Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 231.
21. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 687–710; McClellan, Stuart, 337–40; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 152.
22. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 687–710; McClellan, Stuart, 337–40; Brooke-Rawle, “The Right Flank,” 481; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 152–53.
23. Miller, “The Cavalry Battle Near Gettysburg,” 404.
24. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 687–710; Brooke-Rawle, “The Right Flank,” 481.
25. Harris, Personal Reminiscences, 34; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 153–54.
26. Harris, Personal Reminiscences, 34; Brooke-Rawle, “The Right Flank,” 481–82.
27. Brooke-Rawle, “The Right Flank,” 481.
28. Miller, “The Cavalry Battle Near Gettysburg,” 404.
29. Trowbridge, Operations of the Cavalry, 14–15; Miller, “The Cavalry Battle Near Gettysburg,” 404–05.
30. Starr, Union Cavalry, I: 436; Miller, “The Cavalry Battle Near Gettysburg,” 404–05; Carter, Last Cavaliers, 171.
31. Custer to his sister, July 26, 1863, U.S. Military Academy Library; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 154–55.
32. Miller, “The Cavalry Battle Near Gettysburg,” 404–05.
33. McClellan, Stuart, 344; Nesbitt, Saber and Scapegoat, 105; Longacre, Custer and His Wolverines, 153.
34. Cooke, Wearing of the Gray, 247; O. R., 27, pt. 3, 1001.
35. Miller, “The Cavalry Battle Near Gettysburg,” 405.
36. O. R., vol. 27, pt. 2, 697, 698.
37. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 687–710; Riggs, East of Gettysburg, 49.
38. Blackford, War Years, 233.
39. Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 244.
40. Rosser, Addresses, 41.
41. Cooke, Wearing of the Gray, 248.
Thirteen
Withdrawal and Pursuit
1. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 993.
2. Faust, Historical Times Encyclopedia, 307.
3. Tucker, High Tide at Gettysburg, 406–07; Tucker, Lee and Longstreet, 8, 205; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III: 207.
4. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 687–710.
5. Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III: 207.
6. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 321; Nesbitt, Saber and Scapegoat, 132–33; Tucker, High Tide at Gettysburg, 406–07; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III: 208.
7. The best source for debate about this controversy is Nesbitt, Saber and Scapegoat.
8. Blackford, Letters from Lee’s Army, 195–96.
9. Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 535–37.
10. Blackford, War Years, 234; Cooke, Wearing of the Gray, 248–49.
11. A great book on the aftermath of the battle in Gettysburg is Days of Darkness: Gettysburg Civilians by William G. Williams. Shippensburg, PA: White Mane Publishing Co., 1986.
12. Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 535–37.
13. Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 245–46.
14. Carter, Last Cavaliers, 175.
15. Longacre, Custer and His Wolverines, 154.
16. Detroit Free Press, 15 July, 1863.
17. Faust, Historical Times Encyclopedia, 307.
18. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 1018–19.
19. Carter, Last Cavaliers, 174.
20. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 1018–19; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 161–65.
21. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 164, 165.
22. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 993.
23. Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 246.
24. Imboden, “The Confederate Retreat,” 424.
25. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 993–94.
26. Ibid., 998.
27. Ibid., 994.
28. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 994, 1000, 1019; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 168–71; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 549.
29. The New York Times, 21 July, 1863.
30. Longacre, Custer and His Wolverines, 158.
Fourteen
Evasion
1. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 994–95, 1006, 1014 and pt. 2, 700.
2. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 994–95.
3. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 700–01.
4. Longacre, Cavalry at Gettysburg, 254; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 553.
5. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 995, 998–1000; McClellan, Stuart, 357.
6. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 174–77.
7. Ibid., 174–77; Longacre, Custer and His Wolverines, 159.
8. McClellan, Stuart, 358–59; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 553.
9. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 928; Imboden, “The Confederate Retreat,” 314.
10. McClellan, Stuart, 361.
11. LBJ, 6 July, 1863.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 75.
15. Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 565.
16. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 703.
17. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 999.
18. Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 365–67.
19. Longacre, Custer and His Wolverines, 161.
20. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 663–64, 925–26, 929, 936, 941–42, 1033 and pt. 2, 398–99.
21. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 988–89, 99 and pt. 2, 704–05; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 181.
22. Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 567–68.
23. Ibid., 569–70.
24. Heth, Memoirs of Henry Heth, 173; McClellan, Stuart, 366.
25. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 327.
26. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 929, 990; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 183–84.
27. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 639–40, 705.
28. O. R., 1, 27, pt. 1, 990.
29. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 990, 1000 and pt. 2, 640–42.
30. O. R., 27, pt. 2, 640–41, 648, 705.
31. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 185.
32. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 990, 1000 and pt. 2, 640–41.
33. O. R., 1, 27, pt. 1, 990; The New York Times, 21 July 1863.
34. Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 571–72.
35. Pohanka, “Letters,” 6.
Fifteen
Culpeper
1. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 130, 131.
2. Custer, “Boots and Saddles,” 9–10; Grand Rapids Daily Eagle, July 8, 1876; Chicago Tribune, July 7, 1876.
3. Taylor, With Sheridan up the Shenandoah Valley, 30.
4. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 918, 992–96.
5. Merington, Custer Story, 62.
6. Ibid., 62–63.
7. Leckie, Elizabeth Bacon Custer, 32.
8. Merington, Custer Story, 61; Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 95.
9. Custer, Tenting, 40, 41.
10. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 95.
11. Wiley, The Life of Billy Yank, 157–58.
12. Grand Rapids Daily Eagle, 8 July 1876.
13. O. R., 27, pt. 1, 999, 1001–04 and pt. 3, 753–54.
14. Ibid.
15. GAC to sister, July 26, 1863, GAC Collection, MCLS.
16. McCrea, Dear Belle, 146, 214–15.
17. O. R., 29, pt. 2, 128.
18. Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III, 211.
19. Army of Northern Virginia, Special Orders, no. 226, September 9, 1863: McClellan, Stuart, 371–72.
20. Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III, 211–212.
21. Bushong and Bushong, Fightin’ Tom Rosser, 43.
22. Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III, 212–13; Thomas, Bold Dragoon, 261–62.
23. Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III, 212–213.
24. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 111; Henderson, Road to Bristoe Station, 36.
25. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 111, 112; Henderson, Road to Bristoe Station, 32, 33; The New York Times, September 17, 1863.
26. McClellan, Stuart, 372–73.
27. Henderson, Road to Bristoe Station, 36, 38; The New York Times, September 28, October 21, 1863; McClellan, Stuart, 372–373.
28. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 118, 119; Henderson, Road to Bristoe Station, 38, 39; The New York Times, September 28, 1863.
29. McClellan, Stuart, 373; Henderson, Road to Bristoe Station, 40.
30. Henderson, Road to Bristoe Station, 40, 39; The New York Times, September 17, 28, 1863.
31. Whittaker, Custer, 193–96; Monaghan, Custer, 161; McClellan, Stuart, 373–74.
32. McClellan, Stuart, 374.
33. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 126–28; Grand Rapids Daily Eagle, September 25, 1863; Agassiz, Meade’s Headquarters, 17.
34. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 70.
Sixteen
The Bristoe Campaign
1. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 75.
2. Ibid.
3. Reynolds, Civil War Memories, 6.
4. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 75; Merington, Custer Story, 64.
5. LBJ, 18 and 25 October, 1863.
6. Merington, Custer Story, 65.
7. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 75.
8. Merington, Custer Story, 65.
9. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 389, pt. 2, 270; Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 10; Henderson, Road to Bristoe Station, 70–72.
10. McClellan, Stuart, 377; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III, 249.
11. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 230, 374, 381, 389; McClellan, Stuart, 377–78; Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 10; Henderson, Road to Bristoe Station, 78–81, 84, 86.
12. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 230, 374, 381, 389.
13. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 381, 390; Grand Rapids Daily Eagle, October 28, 1863.
14. McClellan, Stuart, 379; Cooke, Wearing of the Gray, 257.
15. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 10.
16. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 381, 390, 393, 443.
17. Lee, Personal and Historical Sketches, 36–37.
18. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 390 and pt. 2, 771–72, 779, 788.
19. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 443.
20. Ibid., 390.
21. Ibid., 390; Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 11; Merington, Custer Story, 66.
22. Merington, Custer Story, 66.
23. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 390; Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 11; Merington, Custer Story, 66.
24. Longacre, Custer and His Wolverines, 188; Carter, Last Cavaliers, 193.
25. McClellan, Stuart, 381–82; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III: 251.
26. Longacre, Custer and His Wolverines, 188; Carter, Last Cavaliers, 193.
27. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 387, 390.
28. McClellan, Stuart, 382–83.
29. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 381, 390–91, 393–95; McClellan, Stuart, 383; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 205–09.
30. Merington, Custer Story, 67.
31. Lee, History of the 7th Michigan Cavalry, 38–39.
32. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 382, 391, 451.
33. Ibid., 391, 397.
34. Ibid., 451, 464.
35. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 216–17; The New York Times, October 23, 1863.
36. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 216; Merington, Custer Story, 68.
37. Blackford, War Years, 241; McClellan, Stuart, 394–95.
38. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 391; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 213–220.
39. Blackford, War Years, 241–42.
40. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 391, 392.
41. Ibid., 383, 387–88, 391–92; Merington, Custer Story, 68; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 215–216; Henderson, Road to Bristoe Station, 204, 205.
42. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 391, 392, 438–54; McClellan, Stuart, 394–95; The New York Times, October 23, 1863.
43. Merington, Custer Story, 68–69.
44. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 392; Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 10–13.
Seventeen
Marriage
1. Merington, Custer Story, 67; Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 77.
2. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 78, 79.
3. Merington, Custer Story, 73, 74; Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 80.
4. Merington, Custer Story, 737.
5. LBJ, 18 and 25 October, 1863.
6. Merington, Custer Story, 74.
7. Ibid., 71, 72; Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 81.
8. Merington, Custer Story, 70.
9. LBJ, 19 October, 1863.
10. O. R., 29, pt. 2, 448.
11. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 84, 85.
12. Ibid., 83–85.
13. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 811; Long, Civil War, 439.
14. The New York Times, 18 November 1863.
15. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 811, 815–16.
16. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 811, 815–16.
17. O. R., 29, pt. 1, 812–13, 816.
18. O. R., 29, pt. 2, 555.
19. Merington, Custer Story, 76; Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 86.
20. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 86.
21. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 86; D. S. Bacon to My Young Friend, December 12, 1863, Frost Collection, MCHCA.
22. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 87.
23. GAC to My Dear Friend, n.d. [two letters of January 7, 1864], GAC Papers, United States Military Academy Library (USMAL); Hutton, Custer Reader, 18.
24. GAC to My Dear Friend, n.d. [two letters of January 7, 1864], GAC Papers, USMAL.
25. Hutton, Custer Reader, 18–19.
26. Merington, Custer Story, 80; GAC to My Dear Friend, January 20, 1864, GAC Papers, USMAL.
27. Libbie to Autie, 26 December 1863, BCWCC.
28. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 90, 91; Monaghan, Custer Story, 177, 178.
29. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 92, Merington, Custer Story, 82.
30. Ibid., 92, Merington, Custer Story, 82.
31. Ibid., 92–94, Merington, Custer Story, 82–84.
32. Merington, Custer Story, 84–85.
Eighteen
The Kilpatrick-Dahlgren Raid
1. Custer, Boots, 1; Reynolds, Civil War, 44, 45.
2. Custer, Boots and Saddles, 1–2.
3. O. R., 33, 172–73; Thomas, “Kilpatrick-Dahlgren Raid,” 4–6; Starr, Union Cavalry, II: 57–61.
4. O. R., 33, 163, 169; Starr, Union Cavalry, II: 60; O’Neil, Custer Chronicles, I, 2.
5. O. R., 33, 162, 164; Moore, “Custer’s Raid,” 340, 342, 344, 345.
6. Moore, “Custer’s Raid,” 340, 342, 344, 345; McClellan, Stuart, 399–401.
7. McClellan, Stuart, 401.
8. O. R., series 1, 33, 161–65; Harper’s Weekly, 26 March 1864, 193.
9. McClellan, Stuart, 401.
10. O. R., 33, 162, 165; Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 19; Moore, “Custer’s Raid,” 346, 347.
11. O. R., series 1, 33, 165.
12. The New York Times, March 3, 1864.
13. O. R., 1, 33, 163.
14. O. R., 33, 162–63, 165–66; Moore, “Custer’s Raid,” 347, 348.
15. O. R., 1, 33, 163, 166; The New York Times, March 3, 1864.
16. O. R., 33, 163, 171; Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 103; Harper’s Weekly, March 19, 26, 1864.
17. O. R., 33, 174, 179, 188; Starr, Union Cavalry, II, 66, 67; Thomas, “Kilpatrick-Dahlgren Raid,” passim.
18. O. R., 1, 33, 174, 188.
19. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 235–36.
20. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 96.
21. Reynolds, Civil War Memories, 43.
22. Custer, “Boots and Saddles,” 1–2, 10; Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 96; Merington, Custer Story, 86–87.
23. Merington, Custer Story, 76–77.
24. Leckie, Elizabeth Bacon Custer, 36.
25. Merington, Custer Story, 78.
26. Ibid., 86, 87.
27. McCann, “Anna E. Jones,” 16, 18, 20; Frost, Custer Legends, 70, 71.
28. McCann, “Anna E. Jones,” 18–23.
29. Monaghan, Custer, 187.
30. Merington, Custer Story, 87–89.
31. Ibid., 112–13.
32. Ibid., 90–92.
Nineteen
Change of Command
1. Merington, Custer Story, 87.
2. The best book for Grant is Grant, Personal Memoirs.
3. Starr, Union Cavalry, II: 68–80; Kidd, Recollections, 261–63.
4. The best book for Sheridan is Sheridan, Personal Memoirs.
5. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 299.
6. Starr, Union Cavalry, II: 77; Warner, Generals in Blue, 508.
7. O. R., 33, 893; Starr, Union Cavalry, II, 75; Warner, Generals in Blue, 566–67.
8. Starr, Union Cavalry, II, 75, 76.
9. Merington, Custer Story, 89.
10. Starr, Union Cavalry, II, 80–82; Carter, Last Cavaliers, 206.
11. Long, Civil War, 492.
12. O. R., 33, pt. 1, 815.
13. O. R., 36, pt. 1, 816.
14. Sanford, Fighting Rebels and Redskins, 227–28.
15. McClellan, Stuart, 406; Trout, With Pen and Saber, 242, 244.
16. Trout, With Pen and Saber, 245–46.
17. Trout, With Pen and Saber, 246.
18. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 21; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 264.
19. Merington, Custer Story, 95.
20. O. R., 36, pt. 2, 466; Steere, Wilderness Campaign, 379, 381.
21. Kidd, “The Michigan Cavalry Brigade in the Wilderness,” I: 12–13.
22. O. R., 36, pt. 1, 815–16; Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 22; Steere, Wilderness Campaign, 381–83.
23. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 268–70.
24. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 22.
25. Trout, With Pen and Saber, 247
26. Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III: 365–66; 372.
27. Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III: 357–58.
28. O. R., 36, pt. 1, 774.
29. O. R., 36, pt. 1, 798.
30. Starr, Union Cavalry, II, 94–96; Sheridan, Personal Memoirs, I, 354–56, 367–70.
31. Sheridan, Personal Memoirs, I: 354–56, 367–70.
Twenty
Jeb Stuart
1. Longacre, Custer and His Wolverines, 209; McClellan, Stuart, 408.
2. McClellan, Stuart, 409–10; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III: 413.
3. Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III, 414.
4. O. R., 36, pt. 1, 817, 826, 828.
5. Ibid., 777, 812, 817, 828.
6. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 293–94; King and Derby, Camp-Fire Sketches, 249.
7. McClellan, Stuart, 410; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III: 416.
8. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 294, 295; Starr, Union Cavalry, II: 99, 100.
9. McClellan, Stuart, 410–11.
10. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 295; Starr, Union Cavalry, II, 99, 100.
11. McClellan, Stuart, 411.
12. McClellan, Stuart, 412.
13. Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III: 420.
14. O. R., 36, pt. 1, 817–18, 828, 834.
15. Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III: 421.
16. McClellan, Stuart, 412.
17. O. R., 36, pt. 1, 818; King and Derby, Camp-Fire Sketches, 408.
18. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 23.
19. O. R., 36, pt. 1, 818; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 302.
20. Lee, Personal and Historical Sketches, 224–25.
21. King and Derby, Camp-Fire Sketches, 408.
22. O. R., 36, pt. 1, 818, 826.
23. Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III: 423.
24. King and Derby, Camp-Fire Sketches, 408–09.
25. O. R., 36, pt. 1, 818; King and Derby, Camp-Fire Sketches, 408–09.
26. The New York Times, May 26, 1864; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III: 424.
27. O. R., 36, pt. 1, 819.
28. Ibid., 828–29.
29. McClellan, Stuart, 414–15; Oliver, “J. E. B. Stuart’s Fate at Yellow Tavern,” 531; Dorsey, “Gen. J. E. B. Stuart’s Last Battle,” 76–77.
30. Dorsey, “Gen. J. E. B. Stuart’s Last Battle,” 76–77.
31. Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III, 426–27.
32. McClellan, Stuart, 415–16.
33. King and Derby, Camp-Fire Sketches, 409.
34. McClellan, Stuart, 415; Von Borcke, Memoirs, II, 314.
35. King and Derby, Camp-Fire Sketches, 409–10; Sheridan, Memoirs, I: 384–87.
36. O. R., 36, pt. 1, 819.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid.
39. “The Wounding and Death of General J. E. B. Stuart,” Southern Historical Society Papers 7 (1879), 140–41.
40. McClellan, Stuart, 416; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III: 428–30.
41. McClellan, Stuart, 416.
42. McClellan, Stuart, 417; Von Borcke, Memoirs, II: 313–14.
43. McClellan, Stuart, 417; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III: 431.
44. McClellan, Stuart, 417.
Twenty-one
Trevilian Station
1. Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III, 432.
2. Ibid., 436.
3. O. R., 36, pt. 2, 1001.
4. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 314.
5. Merington, Custer Story, 97.
6. Long, Civil War, 506–09; O. R., series 1, vol. 36, pt. 1, 792, 819.
7. Starr, Union Cavalry, II: 116–17; Sheridan, Memoirs, I: 394.
8. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 318–19, 325, 326; O. R., 36, pt. 1, 820; Williams, “Haw’s Shop,” 13–14.
9. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 325, 326; Longacre, Custer and His Wolverines, 222–223.
10. Williams, “Haw’s Shop,” 16–18; Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 27–28.
11. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 24.
12. James H. Kidd to parents, June 3, 1864, Kidd Papers, University of Michigan.
13. Starr, Union Cavalry, II: 119–20.
14. Starr, Union Cavalry, II: 119–20; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 329–32.
15. Baltz, Battle of Cold Harbor, 84; Starr, Union Cavalry, II: 119.
16. Baltz, Battle of Cold Harbor, passim; O. R., 36, pt. 1, 822.
17. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 342; Sheridan, Memoirs, I, 413–17.
18. Longacre, “Long Run for Trevilian Station,” 32–34.
19. O. R., 36, pt. 1, 823, 830.
20. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 30; Kidd, Personal Recollections, 351–52; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III: 521.
21. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 30–31.
22. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 357, 359, 360; Lee, Personal and Historical Sketches, 53; Merington, Custer Story, 104–105; Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 108.
23. Lee, Personal and Historical Sketches, 231; Pyne, History of the First New Jersey Cavalry, 263; Merington, Custer Story, 104–105.
24. O. R., 36, pt. 1, 824, 832.
25. Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 31; Morris, Jr., Sheridan, 175–76; Swank, Trevilian Station, 19–25.
26. Swank, Trevilian Station, 27, 31, 32.
27. Merington, Custer Story, 113–14; Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 111.
Twenty-two
The Shenandoah
1. O. R., 18, pt. 1, 722, 730.
2. O. R., 43, pt. 1, 698.
3. Monaghan, Custer, 203.
4. Monaghan, Custer, 203; Longacre, Custer and His Wolverines, 260–62.
5. The New York Times, August 21 and 25, 1864; Wert, Mosby’s Rangers, 187–97; Taylor, With Sheridan, 523–27, 536–38.
6. Wert, From Winchester to Cedar Creek, 40–43; Sheridan, Memoirs, II: 8–9.
7. O. R., 43, pt. 1, 454; Wert, From Winchester to Cedar Creek, 47–52, 71–73.
8. O. R., 43, pt. 1, 457; Taylor, With Sheridan up the Shenandoah, 345; Grand Rapids Daily Eagle, July 8, 1876.
9. O. R., 43, pt. 1, 457–58.
10. Ibid., 457–58.
11. Beecher, Record of the 114th Regiment N. Y. S. V., 427–28.
12. King and Derby, Camp-Fire Sketches, 77.
13. O. R., 43, pt. 1, 458.
14. Wert, From Winchester to Cedar Creek, chap. 6–7.
15. O. R., 43, pt. 2, 158, 177, 218; Merington, Custer Story, 110–111.
16. O. R., 46, pt. 1, 575.
17. Merington, Custer Story, 119–20.
18. Wert, Mosby’s Rangers, 187–97; Taylor, With Sheridan up the Shenandoah, 523–27, 536–38.
19. Sheridan, Memoirs, II: 50–52; Taylor, With Sheridan up the Shenandoah, 434–35.
20. Hatch, Custer Companion, 83–84.
21. Monaghan, Custer, 210.
22. Sheridan, Memoirs, II: 53–56; Wert, From Winchester to Cedar Creek, 157–60.
23. King and Derby, Camp-Fire Sketches, 365–66.
24. Whittaker, Custer, 258; Merington, Custer Story, 121.
25. O. R., 43, pt. 1, 521.
26. Merington, Custer Story, 122.
27. Rodenbough, Potter, and Seal, History, 60; Hannaford, “Reminiscences,” 317–4, 318–1, Cincinnati Historical Society.
28. Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III: 598–603.
29. Sheridan, Memoirs, II: 66–81.
30. Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III: 607–08.
31. O. R., 43, pt. 1, 53, 59, 435, 547, 582; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III: 607–08.
32. Taylor, With Sheridan up the Shenandoah, 496; Harper’s Weekly, November 5, 1864.
33. Merington, Custer Story, 126–27.
34. Ibid.
35. The New York Times, October 27, 1864.
Twenty-three
Five Forks
1. Starr, Union Cavalry, II: 256–58.
2. Kidd, Personal Recollections, 131.
3. Charles Capehart to Captain Charles King, August 16, 1890, E. B. Custer Collection, Little Bighorn National Battlefield.
4. Longacre, Custer and His Wolverines, 263.
5. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 121–22.
6. Hatch, Custer Companion, 10.
7. Custer, “A Beau Sabreur,” 226.
8. O. R., 43, pt. 1, 674–75; Starr, Union Cavalry, II, 339; Sheridan, Memoirs, II, 102.
9. O. R., 43, pt. 1, 675–76.
10. Longacre, Custer and His Wolverines, 263.
11. Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 124.
12. O. R., 46, pt. 1, 502.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid., 476, 502–03, 505; Carroll, Custer in the Civil War, 57–58; Early, War Memoirs, 463–64.
15. Sanford, Fighting Rebels and Redskins, 316.
16. O. R., 46, pt. 1, 818, 833–34, 848.
17. Merington, Custer Story, 140–41.
18. Ibid., 143.
19. Ibid., 136, 144.
20. Ibid., 145.
21. Grant, Personal Memoirs, 525–30; Bearss and Calkins, Battle of Five Forks, 2–3.
22. O. R., 46, pt. 1, 575.
23. Ibid., 1130.
24. Ibid., 1103; Sheridan, Memoirs, II: 153.
25. Sheridan, Memoirs, II: 153.
26. Sheridan, Memoirs, II: 153, 154–59; Bearss and Calkins, Battle of Five Forks, 73–77.
27. O. R., 46, pt. 1, 1130–31; Sheridan, Memoirs, II, 162–63; Bearss and Calkins, Battle of Five Forks, 83–85.
28. O. R., 46, pt. 1, 1131; Bearss and Calkins, Battle of Five Forks, 108, 109.
Twenty-four
Appomattox
1. Grant, Personal Memoirs, 532–35.
2. O. R., 46, pt. 1, 1131–32.
3. Ibid., 1125, 1132, 1136.
4. Merington, Custer Story, 150–51.
5. O. R., 46, pt. 1, 1132, 1136.
6. Whittaker, Custer, 305; Bearss and Calkins, “Battle of Five Forks,” 28.
7. Bearss and Calkins, “Battle of Five Forks,” 30, 32–33.
8. Tenney, War Diary, 158.
9. O. R., 46, pt. 1, 1109, 1132.
10. Reynolds, Civil War Memories, 142–43.
11. O. R., 46, pt. 1, 1109.
12. Stevenson, “Boots and Saddles,” 349.
13. O. R., 46, pt. 1, 1132–33; The New York Times, April 10, 1865; National Tribune, June 25, 1896.
14. Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 627; Burke Davis, To Appomattox, 360–63.
15. Botkin, Civil War Treasury, 484–86.
16. Private Collection of John Merritt, Colorado Springs, Colorado.
17. Cauble, Surrender Proceedings, 112–13; Merington, Custer Story, 165.
18. E. W. Whitaker to Charles E. Green, 4 February 1907.
19. O. R., 46, pt. 1, 1133–34.
20. Ibid., 1191; Frost, General Custer’s Libbie, 133.
21. Merington, Custer Story, 166.
22. The New York Times, May 24, 1865.
23. Frost, Custer Legends, 124–25.