CONTENTS

CHAPTER 7
MAY - AUGUST 1943

BASIS OF POLICY BETWEEN FEBRUARY AND AUGUST 1943 DÖNITZ FIRST MEASURES

MAY 1943

PROBLEMS AT THE OUTBREAK OF WAR

JUNE - AUGUST 1943

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW-TYPE UBOATS

MAY - AUGUST 1943

OPERATIONAL PLANS

NORTH ATLANTIC AND BAY OF BISCAY

REMOTE OPERATIONS AND REFUELLING AREAS

METOX PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 8
NORTH ATLANTIC SEPTEMBER 1943 - FEBRUARY 1944

OVER-ESTIMATION OF THE EFFECT OF ZAUNKÖNIG

SEPTEMBER - NOVEMBER 1943

FAILURE OF ESTABLISHED CONVOY ATTACK TACTICS

NOVEMBER 1943

EXPERIENCE AND CONCLUSIONS

DECEMBER 1943 - FEBRUARY 1944

ABANDONMENT OF OPERATIONS WEST OF THE BRITISH ISLES

SEPTEMBER 1943 - FEBRUARY 1944

REMOTE AREAS

CHAPTER 9
MAY - AUGUST 1943

CONTAINING THE ENEMY

ANTI-INVASION PREPARATIONS

REMOTE AREAS

RETROSPECT

U-BOATS AS BLOCKADE-RUNNERS

CHAPTER 10
JUNE - SEPTEMBER 1944

JUNE 1944

THE NORMANDY INVASION

JULY 1944

TIGHTENING OF THE ENEMY BLOCKADE OFF THE BISCAY COAST

AUGUST - SEPTEMBER 1944

EVACUATION OF THE ATLANTIC BASES

OTHER AREAS

CHAPTER 11
OCTOBER 1944 - MAY 1945

THE NEW U-BOAT ARM TAKES SHAPE

OCTOBER 1944 - JANUARY 1945

THE SCHNORKEL PROVES ITS WORTH

FEBRUARY - MAY 1945

THE FINAL PHASE

THE END

APPENDICES

1 - LIST OF SOURCES

2 - DESIGNATION OF CONVOYS MENTIONED IN THE TEXT

3 - DATES ON WHICH THE U-BOATS SAILED AND RETURNED TO BASE, AND THE BASES USED

4 - ALLIED WARSHIPS AND AUXIARY LOSSES THROUGH GERMAN U-BOATS