7. The Athenians and the Spartans.

8. Solon? See n. 6. A. I. Dovatur, Philologus, 116 (1972), pp. 309–11, suggests Alexander the Great; G. Huxley, On Aristotle and Greek Society (Belfast, 1979), pp. 55–6, argues for Hermias of Atarneus.

9. Hupothesis, i.e. a particular set of circumstances demanding ad hoc modification of the preferences of theory; cf. IV vii ad init.