4. Throughout their lives, presumably.

5. I.e. neither young soldiers nor older men will both fight and deliberate.

6. Axia, ‘desert, merit’.

7. Genos, ‘type’, ‘sort’.

8. Tēs aretēs dēmiourgos, perhaps a reminiscence of Plato, Republic 500d.

9. Perioikoi, but here apparently not Greeks; cf. VII vi, VII x and introduction to II ix.