A
- actor-network theory 36–7
- Adam and Eve driven out of Paradise (Poussin) 331
- admiration
- and domination 192–8
- and interpretation 191–2
- aesthetics 189
- Alberti, Leon Battista 171, 172–3
- alterations see pentimenti
- anachronism 9
- and mental persistency 57, 150
- Arambasin, Nella 195
- Aristotle 123, 124
- art historians 381–98
- role of 226–7, 234, 237
- and scientific methods 238–41
- see also named individuals
- art market
- history of 234
- and market for relics 213–14
- price of paintings 373–9
- associations
- paintings attributed to Poussin 279–81
- in power relations 80–5, 95
- Assyriology see Mesopotamia and Egypt
- auctor, notion of 164–5
- Austin, John 87–9, 278–9, 410–11
- authentication and attribution 212–15
- catalogue raisonné 224–5
- disattributions, controversies and changes of opinion 227–32
- exhibition 225–7
- expert opinion 219–24
- history and logic of 232–5
- scientific method 235–44
- scientific truth 216–19
- taking out the ‘obvious’ 244–7
- autograph paintings 222–3, 245–6
- autonomization of art 160, 182–3
B
- Bakhtin, Mikhail 184, 430
- Balzac, Honoré de 82–3, 84
- baptism metaphor of authentification 221
- Baxandall, Michael 39–40, 41
- Bazin, Germain 226, 271, 363
- Bazin, Jean 11, 200
- beliefs
- collective values and 62, 65–6, 67, 70, 71–2, 95
- habituation and 75
- magic and superstition 56–9
- religious and scientific 216, 218
- roots of 421–9
- self-evident facts and 21–47
- Benveniste, Émile 63, 67, 109, 111, 116, 164–5
- Berger, P. and Luckmann, T. 106, 122
- Bernini, Gian Lorenzo 6, 283–4, 299, 309, 340, 342
- Blunt, Anthony 5, 6, 265
- catalogues 271–2, 286
- death of 298, 321, 327
- life and career 384–8
- and Mahon 271, 292, 293, 386, 391–2, 397
- Massacre of the Innocents (Poussin) 323
- ‘Pardo’ version 299, 300, 367
- ‘Piasecka-Johnson’ version 287, 288–9, 292–3, 326, 382, 383
- Poussin exhibitions 271, 272
- ‘Wolf’ version 292
- Boltanski, Luc 28–9
- Bonfait, Olivier 321, 325, 383–4
- Bottéro, Jean 133–4, 135, 140–1
- Boucheron, Patrick 6, 123
- Boulard, Clémentine 201–2
- Bourdieu, Pierre
- culture and religion 167, 175
- dance and sport 187
- high and low distinction 126, 127, 129–31, 232
- ‘historical transcendental’ 24–5
- home ownership 33–4, 35
- and Passeron, J.-C. 79
- power relations 63, 66, 74, 83, 88–9
- and Sayad, A. 112
- science 439
- secularism 151
- ‘social magic’ 55–6
- symbolic capital 59–61
- ‘symbolic revolution’ 419–20
- Bourdon, Maître William 302–3, 313, 357, 365, 366, 370–1
- Braudel, Fernand 24, 39, 421
- Brigstocke, Hugh 327–9
- Brown, Peter 176–7
- bureaucratic societies 126, 127
C
- Caillois, Roger 72–3, 101
- Callon, M. and Latour, B. 36–7
- capital vs symbolic effects 59–91
- carnival culture of Middle Ages 184
- catalogue raisonné 224–5
- categorized and classified paintings 4–7, 214–15, 426
- Catholicism 138–9, 147, 148
- Ceccaldi, Michel Colonna 331–2, 333, 334–5
- certification/naming 86–94
- Cezanne, Paul 201–2
- Chantelou, Paul Fréart de 233, 255, 257, 258, 259, 283–4, 340
- Chevalier, Jean-Claude 182
- Christianity/Judeo-Christian tradition 136–9, 144, 146–7, 148–9, 152–3
- Christin, Olivier 180
- cinema and television, comparison 130–1
- Claudel, Camille 202
- codification of laws 167
- collective beliefs and values 62, 65–6, 67, 70, 71–2, 95, 425–6
- collective desirability 76–80, 95
- comparison tests of versions 294–7, 298, 327–9, 340, 392, 404–5
- conditions of possibility 33–6
- connoisseurs
- consecration of writers and artists 166–8
- contagious nature of the sacred 80–1
- copies
- Courbet, G.: The Origin of the World 4
- Cournot, Antoine Augustin 37–8
- court cases 349–52
- ‘creator’ metaphor 162–3, 198
- cultural capital 79
- culture
- current/present practices
- and historical beliefs 30–3
- historically determined 21–5
- as interaction of plurality 36–8
- Cuzin, Jean-Pierre
- and Pardo brothers 399–400, 405
- export license application 301, 306
- ‘Pardo’ version
- and Pomarède 308–9
- role of art historians 381–2
D
- Damian, Véronique 269
- Dante, Alighieri 125, 162, 168, 172
- de Quincy, Quatramère 174, 182
- del Po, Pietro 284–5, 286
- Delacroix, Eugène 261–2
- Delamare, Daniel 211
- demiurges
- connoisseurs as 220–1
- poets and artists as sovereigns and 161–8
- dependence 131–2
- desacralization 57–8
- Desjardins, Paul 262, 263, 266–7, 269
- Dewey, John 189–91
- Di Domenico, Yves 332–4
- Diderot, Denis 69, 124
- domination 426–7
- dominators
- duality
- of dominator 68–9
- of meaning of legitimacy 81–2
- of sacred objects and places 69–70
- Dubois-Brinkmann, Isabelle 318, 320, 324–5, 326, 382–3
- Dubuffet, Jean 175, 188–9, 196, 423–9
- Duchemin, Hubert 407–9
- Dumézil, George 127, 438
- Dupont, Florence 184, 186
- Dupront, Alphonse 150
- Duret-Robert, François 220, 221, 224–5, 231–2
- ‘Pardo’ version
- Saint-Arroman case/Olympus and Marsyas 362–3
- Durkheim, E. 33, 56–7, 80, 87, 95, 100, 103–6, 114, 118, 131
F
- fables and hoaxes 201–6
- Félibien, André 260, 262, 264, 267, 284, 340, 392
- Fish, Stanley 206
- flamenco fiesta 186
- The Flight into Egypt (Poussin) 258–9
- forgeries and copies 206–11
- Foucault, Michel 24, 45, 50, 54–5, 216
- François I 255–6
- French Revolution 105, 145–6, 150, 152, 221
G
- gallery owners (Pardo brothers) 398–411
- Gamson, William 76
- Gauchet, Marcel 108, 122, 199, 437–8
- Geary, Patrick 181
- Ginzburg, Carlo 102, 127–8, 152, 155, 192
- glass bowl metaphor of historical assumptions 45
- God
- created in man’s image 131–44
- dominators as 134–9
- eye of 172–3
- poets and artists as 161–6
- Godard, Jean-Luc 130–1
- Goethe, Johann Wolfgang 174–5
- Goffman, Erving 76, 81
- Goody, Jack 110, 111, 439
- ‘great chain of being’ 123–6, 169, 438
- Greek antiquity 125, 163–4, 184–5, 186, 193–4
- city-States 129
- stoics 25
- Gruyer, François-Anatole 231
- Gurevich, Aron 124–5, 143–4
H
- habituation and belief 75
- Hals, Frans: fake 204–5
- Haskell, Francis 252, 263, 264
- heritage
- Hertz, Robert 114–15
- hierarchies
- historical power relations 54–5, 63–4
- history
- ancestors in stateless societies 106–11
- of collective sanctification of art 168–74
- poets and artists as sovereigns and demiurges 161–8
- self-evident facts and foundations of beliefs 21–47
- hoaxes and fables 201–6
- Hocart, A.M. 58, 108, 110, 117, 140, 143
- Holbein attribution: Meyer Madonna 209, 234–5
- Horace 128, 163–4
- Hours, Madeleine 238, 241–3, 338
- Hume, David 128–9
I
- inequality and collective desirability 77–9
- infrared rays 242–3
- institutions of power
- interpretation and admiration 191–2
- invisible cage of historical assumptions 45
- Italy
K
- Kafka, Franz 51-2 73–4, 76, 77, 79–80, 84–5
- Kant, Immanuel 24, 189, 194
- Kantorowicz, Ernst 152–3, 161–2, 165, 198
- Kock, Robert 8–9
- Kurz, Otto 205
L
- La Fontaine, Jean de 81, 124
- laboratory/scientific analyses 301–2, 303, 305–6, 328, 337–49
- language 87–94
- Larbaud, Valéry 174
- Latour, Bruno
- Callon, M. and 36–7
- death of Ramses II 8–9
- Scrabble metaphor 44
- laws, codification of 167
- legal issues see court cases
- legitimacy
- Leonardo de Vinci: Mona Lisa 4
- lighting techniques 236
- linked oppositions 99–102
- high and low distinction 123–31
- history of 102–6
- political fictions 131–44
- secularization, sanctification and sacred foundations 150–6
- State societies 116–23
- stateless societies 106–16
- struggle for appropriation of the sacred 144–50
- Louis XIII 256–8, 262, 263
- Louvre
- expertise 220
- laboratory analysis 236, 238, 338, 346
- Poussin exhibitions 226, 271, 273, 318–19
- Raphael: Apollo and Marsyas 230–1
- Rembrandt: Philosophers 242–3
- see also Bazin, Germain; Cuzin, Jean-Pierre; Pomarède, Vincent; Rosenberg, Pierre
- Lovejoy, A.O. 438
- Lumière Technology laboratory 239–40, 319, 349
M
- Macrobius 165–6
- magic
- Mahon, Sir Denis 5, 265
- ‘mandarins of painting’ 221, 222
- Marion, Jean-Luc 196–7
- Marseille: ‘European Capital of Culture 2013’ 428–9
- Martin, Louis 207–8
- Marx, Karl 22, 49, 53, 133
- and Engels, Friedrich 23–4
- masterpieces, magic of 199–201, 317–20
- Mauss, Marcel 66–7, 80, 99, 106
- Mayor of Lyon 311–12
- mental/retinal persistence 57, 150
- Merleau-Ponty, Maurice 96, 433
- Mesopotamia and Egypt 118–21, 125, 131–5, 140–4, 167–8, 435–6
- microcosms 37–8
- Middle Ages 91, 124–5, 127, 161–2, 165
- Mirbeau, Octave 195–6
- Monod, J.-C. 152, 153, 154
- monotheism 146–50
- Montesquieu 131
- Monty Python and the Holy Grail 71
- Moore, Morris 229–30, 231
- multidisciplinary approach 434–40
- multiple perspectives 55–9
- multiple scientific truths 217
- Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon 1, 2, 7, 13
- conditions of enchantment and disenchantment 327–9
- director see Ramond, Sylvie
- interest in acquisition 309–10
- laboratory analysis 348–9
- links, associations and status changes 279–81
- magic of a masterpiece 317–20
- Poussin exhibitions and end of controversy 320–7
- price of painting 374–8
- search for sponsors 310–17
- sociological research 40–2, 282–3
- study day (13 May 2008) 239, 321–5
- see also ‘Pardo’ version
- Musées de France: laboratory analysis 301–2, 305–6, 338, 344–5, 348
- museum director, role of 412–16
- museums as churches/temples 174–5, 188–9
- music 187–8
- mythology
- of the laboratory 237–8
- of leaving behind myth and religion 57–8
- in stateless societies 106–11
- and theology as political fictions 131–4
O
- objects of research 9–12, 223
- Olympos and Marsyas (Poussin)/Saint-Arroman case 290–1, 359–66, 407
- originals and copies 232–5, 242–4, 245–6
- Otto, Rudolf 129, 136–8, 193, 194, 197
P
- Pardo brothers (gallery owners) 398–411
- ‘Pardo’ version 287–92, 293, 342–3
- comparison tests 294–7, 298, 327–9, 340, 392, 404–5
- export licence 301, 306, 308–9, 313
- first public recognition 298–302
- laboratory analyses 301–2, 305–6, 338, 344–9, 348
- as ‘MBA de Lyon’ 319–20
- see also court cases; Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon
- Paris
- Pascal, Blaise 68–9, 75
- Passeron, Jean-Claude 103, 440
- pentimenti 243, 305–6, 319, 337–8, 339, 344, 346, 349
- performative acts of authentication 224–7
- photography 236, 237–8, 348
- ‘Piasecka-Johnson’ version 287, 288–9, 292–3, 301, 303–4, 306
- art historians 382–4
- comparison tests 294–7, 298, 327–9, 340, 392, 404–5
- laboratory analyses 301, 303, 305–6, 328, 337–8, 339–43, 349
- and ‘Pardo’/‘MBA Lyon’ version acquisition 318, 321, 322, 325, 326–7
- Plato 164
- plurality
- interaction of 36–8
- of values 95
- poetry 184–5
- poets and artists as sovereigns and demiurges 161–8
- Poussin, Nicolas 251–3
- hand tremor 259, 283, 299, 309, 348
- independence and creative freedom 253–9
- nation’s gratitude, power and heritage 273–6
- painter-philosopher and independent artist 259–62
- studies 241
- success and enduring fame 262–73
- works
- Achilles among the Daughters of Lycomedes 228
- Adam and Eve driven out of Paradise 331
- Aeneas and Dido 384
- The Death of Germanicus 254
- Death of the Virgin 253
- The Destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem 254
- Eliezer and Rebecca 386
- The Martyrdom of Saint Erasmus 254
- The Massacre of the Innocents 254, 323, 376
- Olympos and Marsyas (Saint-Arroman case) 290–1, 359–66, 407
- Self-portrait 239
- see also The Flight into Egypt
- political fictions 131–44
- polytheism and monotheism 140–4
- Pomain, Krzysztof 177–8
- Pomarède, Vincent 218, 305, 308–9, 313, 322–3, 371–2, 375, 413, 414–15
- Pommier, Édouardo 169, 173, 275–6
- power
- general theory of magic of 62–98, 280–1
- manifestations of 210
- power relations
- price of paintings 373–9
- ‘primitive societies’ see stateless societies
- Princeton version see ‘Piasecka-Johnson’ version
- Proust, Marcel 21, 62, 99, 270–1
- public and art, separation of 182–91
R
- Racine, Jean 159
- Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred Reginald 102, 115–16, 132, 140
- radiography/X-rays 236, 237–8, 243–4, 339, 344
- Ramond, Sylvie 1, 309, 312–13, 314–15, 320, 333, 375
- Ramses II, death of 8–9
- Raphael: attributions
- Apollo and Marsyas 228–32
- Holy Family 243
- Madonna of the Pearl 244
- regressive approach
- conditions of possibility 33–6
- histories of varied duration 38–42
- relics
- religious language 65–6, 146–50, 174–5, 179
- religious and scientific beliefs 216, 218
- Rembrandt: originals and copies 245–6
- research 1–2
- approach 12–16
- breaking away from legends 2–4
- categorized and classified paintings 4–7
- material continuity and social discontinuity 7–9
- question 40–2
- status of objects of 9–12, 223
- researcher role 44
- retinal/mental persistence 57, 150
- Richelieu, Cardinal 255, 256, 258
- rituals
- in institutions 58, 83
- sanctification 85–94
- in stateless societies 106–11
- Ritz Hotel, Paris: comparison test 294–7, 298, 340, 392, 404–5
- Roman antiquity 64–5, 146–7, 148, 165–6, 438
- Rosenberg, Pierre 262, 265, 271–2
- Achilles among the Daughters of Lycomedes (Poussin) 228
- on Blunt and Mahon 392, 397
- comparison test 295
- life and career 395–7
- Musée des Beaux Arts of Lyon: study day (13 May 2008) 239, 321, 322–4
- and Pardo brothers 400–2, 406–7
- and ‘Pardo’ version 289–91, 296, 297, 298–9, 300–1, 366
- on role of art historians 227
- Saint-Arroman case/Olympus and Marsyas 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 366
- on Thuillier 394
- Rosier-Catach, Irène 94
- Roy, Dr Ashok 328, 339, 343
- Ruskin, John 195, 389
S
- sacred and profane
- Saint Augustin 92, 94, 138
- Saint Paul 146–7
- Saint-Arroman case/Olympos and Marsyas 290–1, 359–66, 407
- sanctification
- sanctification of art 159–61
- admiration and domination 192–8
- admiration and interpretation 191–2
- copies and forgeries 206–11
- fables and hoaxes 201–6
- from relics to works of art 174–82
- history of 168–74
- magic of paintings 199–201
- poets and artists as sovereigns and demiurges 161–8
- power and its manifestations 210
- separation of art and life 182–91
- Sassoon, Donald 4
- Savatier, Thierry 4
- Scaliger, Jules César 166
- Schmitt, J.-C. 145–6, 152, 154
- Schnapper, Antoine 259, 392
- scientific/laboratory analyses 301–2, 303, 305–6, 328, 337–49
- scientific methods 235–44
- scientific truth 216–19
- secularization 57–8
- sanctification and sacred foundations 150–6
- self-evident facts
- critique 425–6
- and foundations of beliefs 21–47
- historical power relations 54–5, 63–4
- Serisier, Jacques 6, 257, 283–4, 285, 299, 312, 341
- signature of artists 170
- social differentiation and forms of the sacred 94–5
- social division of labour
- accumulated history 23–4
- and unawareness of actors 42–3
- ‘social magic’ 55–7
- social science 418–19
- fragile learned game 431–3
- multidisciplinary approach 434–40
- multiple perspectives 55–9
- outside perspective 419–21
- role of sociologist 96–8
- roots of beliefs 421–9
- ‘society’ as invisible monster 429–31
- ‘social structure’/social order 39, 43
- socialization 51–2, 76–7, 96, 109, 137–8, 423
- Socrates 96
- sovereigns and demiurges, poets and artists as 161–8
- Spinoza, Baruch 17, 45, 96–7
- Standring, Timothy 294–5, 296–7
- State societies 116–23
- stateless societies 106–16
- status of objects of research 9–12, 223
- stoics 25
- sublime 193–5
- symbolic capital 59–61
- symbolic power 61, 122
- symbolic quality of dominator 66–7
- ‘symbolic revolution’ 419–20
U
- uncertainty and criticism, role of 27–30
V
- Valéry, Paul 64, 75, 135
- values, collective beliefs and 62, 65–6, 67, 70, 71–2, 95, 425–6
- Van Meegeren, Hans 203–4
- Vasari, Giorgio 169–70, 173–4, 224
- Vemeer: fakes 203–4
- Verdi, Richard 273
- Verrières-le-Buisson museum version 330–5
- Versailles version see ‘Pardo’ version
- Veyne, Paul 191–2
W
- Weber, Max 49, 50, 51, 55, 62, 72, 95, 103, 108, 143, 144–5, 219, 440
- Wilde, Oscar 194–5
- Wiles, Andrew 434–5
- ‘Wolf’ version 292, 293, 318
- Wright, Christopher 292, 293, 295, 318
- writing 14