The Gang Paradox: Inequalities and Miracles on the U.S.-Mexico Border

Figures

1.1 Viceroyalty of New Spain Map, 1810

1.2 U.S. Territorial Acquisitions Map

1.3 Historical Trade Route Map

2.1 El Paso Gangs in the 1950s

2.2 El Paso Gangs in the 1970s

4.1 Hispanic or Latino Relative Rate Index (RRI) Compared to Whites

4.2 Levels of Concentration of Latinos in Southern New Mexico and El Paso

5.1 Border Region: Border Enforcement Enhanced 100 Miles North of the Border

Tables

3.1 Official Reports of Number of Gangs and Gang Members Compared to the Population

4.1 7-Year Averages (2002–2008) for the State of New Mexico by Race and Ethnicity

7.1 Number of Homicides per Year in the City of El Paso and Rate per 1,000

7.2 Number of Homicides per Year in Las Cruces and Rate per 1,000

7.3 Estimated Number of Homicides per Year in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, and Rate per 1,000