INDEX
Act for the Settlement of Trade to Africa (1698). See Ten Percent Act of 1698
Act of Trade and Navigation (1651), (i), (ii), (iii). See also Navigation Acts
Act of Trade and Navigation (1660), (i), (ii), (iii). See also Navigation Acts
Act of Trade and Navigation (1670), (i), (ii). See also Navigation Acts
Act of Trade and Navigation (1673). See Plantation Act (1673)
Act of Trade and Navigation (1696), (i), (ii). See also Navigation Acts
Admiralty, English, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Admiralty Court, Jamaica, (i), (ii)
Admiralty Court, Nevis, (i)
Amussen, Susan Dwyer, (i)
Andrews, Charles M., (i)
Andros, Sir Edmund, (i), (ii), (iii)
Anglo-Dutch War, First (1651–1654), (i), (ii), (iii)
Anglo-Dutch War, Second (1664–1667), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Anglo-Dutch War, Third (1672–1674), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)n8
Anne, Queen of Great Britain, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Antigua, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv). See also Leeward Islands
asiento, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); Company of Royal Adventurers into Africa and the, (i); Company of Royal Adventurers of England Trading into Africa and the, (i), (ii), (iii); Royal African Company and the, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); South Sea Company and the, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Atkins, Sir Jonathan, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Atlantic empire, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Atlantic world, (i)
Bacon’s Rebellion (1676), (i), (ii), (iii). See also Virginia
Bank of England, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v). See also Heathcote, Sir Gilbert
Barbados, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); census of 1680, (i), (ii), (iii)n12; Commonwealth imperialism and, (i); conflicts with the Company of Royal Adventurers of England Trading into Africa, (i); conflicts with the Royal African Company, (i), (ii), (iii); Dutch merchants and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n19, (v)n23; early settlement of, (i); Gentlemen Planters of, (i), (ii)n34; migration from, (i), (ii); and the Nine Years’ War (i), (ii), (iii); planters in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); political divisiveness in, (i), (ii); population of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) (table 1), (vi), (vii); racial polarization of, (i), (ii), (iii) (table 1); Restoration imperialism and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); servants in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); slave trade to, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) (table 3); slave uprising of 1675, (i); slavery in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); tobacco cultivation in, (i); Western Design and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v). See also Barbados Assembly; Barbados Council
Barbados Assembly, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); 4.5% duty and, (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii); planters on the, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Barbados Council, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Barrington, Lt. Col. Francis, (i), (ii)
Beckles, Hilary McD., (i), (ii)
Beer, George Louis, (i)
Beeston, Sir William, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)n22
Bennet, Henry, Earl of Arlington, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Bermuda, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Bermuda Company, (i)
Bethel, Slingsby, (i)
Billop, Captain Christopher, (i)
Bland, John, (i)
Blathwayt, William, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); as secretary-at-war, (i); as secretary to the Lords of Trade, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Bliss, Robert, (i), (ii), (iii)
Blunt, John, (i)
Board of Trade, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); investigation into African trade (1708), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); origins of, (i). See also Council of Trade; Lords of Trade and Plantations
Breda, Treaty of, (i)
Brenner, Robert, (i)
Brewster, Sir Francis, (i)
Bristol, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Brown, Christopher L., (i)
Burnard, Trevor, (i)
Byndloss, Robert, (i), (ii), (iii)
Cape Coast Castle, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Carolina, (i), (ii), (iii). See also South Carolina
Cary, Colonel Theodore, (i)
Caswall, Sir George, (i)
Cavalier Parliament, (i)
Central America, (i)
Charles I, King of England, (i), (ii), (iii)
Charles II, King of England, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); Company of Royal Adventurers into Africa and, (i), (ii); Company of Royal Adventurers of England Trading into Africa and, (i), (ii); Exclusion Crisis and, (i); imperial administration and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); imperial agenda of, (i), (ii), (iii); Jamaica and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); Royal African Company and, (i), (ii), (iii); royal prerogative and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n4; Tory Ascendancy and, (i), (ii). See also Restoration; Stuarts; Tory Reaction
Chesapeake colonies, (i), (ii), (iii); population of, (i) (table 1). See also Maryland; Virginia
Child, Sir Josiah, (i)
Churchill, John, Duke of Marlborough, (i)
Civil War, English, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Clifford, Thomas, Baron Clifford, (i), (ii)
Codrington, Christopher, (i)
Coke, Roger, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Colleton, Sir Peter, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Commonwealth, (i), (ii), (iii); imperialism of the, (i)
Company of Royal Adventurers into Africa, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); the asiento and, (i); Charles II and, (i), (ii); James, Duke of York, as governor, (i). See also Company of Royal Adventurers of England Trading into Africa; Royal African Company
Company of Royal Adventurers of England Trading into Africa, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); the asiento and, (i), (ii), (iii); Charles II and, (i), (ii); conflicts with Barbados colonists, (i); influence over imperial administration, (i), (ii); Stuart imperialism and, (i), (ii). See also Company of Royal Adventurers into Africa; Royal African Company
convict transportation, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); failure as a source of colonial labor, (i), (ii), (iii); and Monmouth’s Rebellion, (i), (ii), (iii); of prisoners of war, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)n26. See also indentured servants; indentured servitude; servants
Cooper, Sir Anthony Ashley, Earl of Shaftesbury, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii). See also Council of Trade and Foreign Plantations
Council of Foreign Plantations (Restoration), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n6
Council of State (Commonwealth), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Council of State (Protectorate), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Council of Trade (Commonwealth), (i)
Council of Trade (Restoration), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)n6. See also Board of Trade; Council of Trade and Foreign Plantations; Lords of Trade and Plantations
Council of Trade and Foreign Plantations, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)n4. See also Cooper, Sir Anthony Ashley, Earl of Shaftesbury
Country Whigs, (i)
Court Whigs, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Courteen, Sir Peter, (i)
Courteen, Sir William, (i)
Coventry, Sir Henry, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Coventry, Sir William, (i), (ii)
Crispe, Sir Nicholas, (i)
Cromwell, Oliver, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); imperial designs of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); Jamaica and, (i), (ii), (iii); as Lord Protector (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); religious worldview of, (i), (ii), (iii)n10; the Western Design and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv). See also Commonwealth; Protectorate
Dashwood, Sir Samuel, (i)
Davenant, Charles, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Davis, David Brion, (i)
De Krey, Gary, (i), (ii), (iii)
De Ruyter, Admiral Michel, (i)
Defoe, Daniel, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Dominion of New England, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Dominion of the West Indies, (i)
Downing, Sir George, (i)
D’Oyley, Colonel Edward, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Dunn, Richard, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Dutch West India Company, (i), (ii)
Dutton, Sir Richard, (i)
East India Company, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); union with “new” East India Company, (i), (ii), (iii). See also East India Company v. Sandys
East India Company v. Sandys, (i), (ii), (iii). See also East India Company; Jeffreys, George
Elletson, Roger, (i), (ii), (iii)
Eltis, David, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
empire, English/British, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); Commonwealth and, (i); critics of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); Glorious Revolution and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); integrated vision of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); James II and, (i), (ii), (iii); labor and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); origins of, (i), (ii); Restoration and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); slave trade and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); slavery and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); Western Design and, (i), (ii). See also Atlantic empire
English law, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
English liberties, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Evelyn, John, (i)
Exclusion Crisis, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); Charles II, King of England, and, (i); imperial administration and, (i), (ii); Jamaican constitutional crisis and, (i); James, Duke of York, and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); Parliament and, (i), (ii); Royal African Company and, (i), (ii); Tories and, (i), (ii); Whigs and, (i), (ii). See also Popish Plot
Finch, Daniel, Earl of Nottingham, (i), (ii)
Finucane, Adrian, (i)
Fortrey, Samuel, (i)
forts and castles, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
France, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); war against, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii). See also Leeward Islands; Louis XIV, King of France; Nine Years’ War; War of Spanish Succession
free trade: concepts of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); demands for, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Freeman, William, (i), (ii), (iii)
Gentlemen Planters of Barbados, (i), (ii)n34
George I, King of Great Britain, (i)
Glorious Revolution of 1688–1689, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); diminished status of the Royal African Company after, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); English/British empire and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); James II, King of England, and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); Parliament after, (i)
Godolphin, Sidney, Earl of Godolphin, (i), (ii)
gold, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Gold Coast, (i)
Gookin, Daniel, (i)
Gracedieu, Sir Bartholomew, (i), (ii)n58
Greene, Jack P., (i), (ii), (iii)
Haffenden, Philip, (i)
Hakluyt, Richard (the younger), (i), (ii)
Hamilton, Archibald, (i)
Harley, Edward, (i)
Harley, Robert, Earl of Oxford, (i), (ii); South Sea Company and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii). See also South Sea Company
Harris, Tim, (i)
Hartlib Circle, (i)
Hatsell, Captain Henry, (i), (ii)
Hay, James, Earl of Carlisle, (i)
Hayton, David, (i)
Heathcote, Sir Gilbert, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv). See also Bank of England
Herrup, Cynthia, (i)
Hill, Colonel Thomas, (i)
Hispaniola, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii). See also Santo Domingo
Holland, (i). See also Netherlands
Holt, John, (i)
Houghton, John, (i)
Howard, Charles, Earl of Carlisle, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Hyde, Edward, Earl of Clarendon, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
indentured servants, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix). See also convict transportation; indentured servitude; servants
indentured service. See indentured servitude
indentured servitude, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi). See also convict transportation; servants
indigo, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
interlopers, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); in Africa, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); in the colonies, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v). See also merchants, private; separate traders
Ireland, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); Cromwellian conquest of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); prisoners of war from, (i); servants from, (i), (ii), (iii)
Jamaica, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); Charles II, King of England, and (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); conflicts with the Royal African Company, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); constitutional crisis in, (i), (ii), (iii); Cromwell, Oliver and, (i), (ii), (iii); and the Nine Years’ War, (i), (ii); plans to settle, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); planters and privateers in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); planters in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); political divisiveness in, (i), (ii); population of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) (table 1), (vi); privateers in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); Restoration imperialism and, (i), (ii), (iii); servants in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); slave trade to, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x) (table 3); slave uprising (1685), (i); slavery in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); Western Design and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv). See also Jamaica Assembly; Jamaica Council; Lynch, Sir Thomas; Modyford, Sir Thomas; Morgan, Sir Henry; Port Royal; privateering; privateers; Western Design
Jamaica Assembly, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); Jamaica’s constitutional crisis and, (i), (ii)
Jamaica Council, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
James, Duke of York (later James II, King of England), (i), (ii), (iii); Catholicism of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); Exclusion Crisis and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); as governor of the Company of Royal Adventurers into Africa, (i); as governor of the Royal African Company, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); hostility toward the Dutch, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); imperial administration and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); imperial agenda of, (i), (ii), (iii); as Lord High Admiral, (i), (ii), (iii); royal prerogative and, (i), (ii), (iii)n4. See also James II, King of England
James I, King of England, (i), (ii)
James II, King of England, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); Glorious Revolution and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); as governor of the Royal African Company, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); hostility toward the Dutch, (i), (ii); imperial administration and, (i); imperial agenda of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); Tory Ascendancy and, (i), (ii), (iii). See also James, Duke of York
Jeaffreson, Christopher, (i)
Jeffreys, George, (i), (ii), (iii). See also East India Company v. Sandys; Monmouth’s Rebellion
Jenkins, Sir Leoline, (i)
Johnson, Sir Nathaniel, (i), (ii), (iii)
joint-stock companies. See specific companies
Jordan, Withrop, (i)
Keirn, Tim, (i)
Kendall, James, (i), (ii), (iii)
kidnapping servants, (i), (ii). See also servant trade; servants
King’s Bench, (i), (ii), (iii)
labor: colonial demand for, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii). See also convict transportation; indentured servitude; slavery
Lambert, General John, (i), (ii)
Leeward Islands, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); conflicts with the Royal African Company, (i); convict transportation and, (i), (ii); early settlement of, (i), (ii); migration to other colonies from, (i); and the Nine Years’ War, (i), (ii); planters in, (i), (ii), (iii); population of, (i), (ii), (iii) (table 1); servants in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); slave trade to, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) (table 3); war with France and, (i); Western Design and, (i). See also Antigua; Montserrat; Nevis; Saint Christopher
Levant Company, (i)
Ley, James, Earl of Marlborough, (i), (ii)
liberty of conscience, (i)
Limbery, Captain William, (i), (ii)
Limbery, John, (i)
Littleton, Edward, (i)
Lloyd, Richard, (i)
Locke, John, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
logwood cutting, (i)
Long, Samuel, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n22
Lords of Trade and Plantations, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x); demise of, (i); imperial administration and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); origins of, (i), (ii). See also Board of Trade; Council of Trade (Restoration); Council of Trade and Foreign Plantations
Louis XIV, King of France, (i), (ii), (iii)
Lynch, Sir Thomas, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); the asiento and, (i), (ii); as lieutenant governor of Jamaica, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi). See also Jamaica
Lyttleton, Sir Charles, (i), (ii), (iii)
Madrid, Treaty of (1667), (i)
Madrid, Treaty of (1670), (i), (ii)
Manke, Elizabeth, (i)
martial law, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Mary II, Queen of England, (i), (ii)
Maryland, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv). See also Chesapeake colonies; Virginia
Massachusetts Bay Colony, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Menard, Russell, (i), (ii), (iii)
mercantilism, (i), (ii), (iii)
mercantilist policies, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
mercantilists, (i)
merchants, colonial, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); imperial administration and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); the Navigation Act of 1651 and, (i); servant trade and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); Western Design and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
merchants, Dutch, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); in Barbados, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n19; slave trade and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
merchants, independent, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
merchants, private, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix). See also interlopers; separate traders
merchants, Spanish, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Mexico, (i)
Middle Passage, (i)
migration: anxiety about, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); from Barbados, (i), (ii); within England, (i); from England to the colonies, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Modyford, Sir James, (i), (ii)
Modyford, Sir Thomas, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); as governor of Jamaica, (i), (ii), (iii); privateering and, (i), (ii); Western Design and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv). See also Jamaica; privateering; privateers
Molesworth, Sir Hender, (i), (ii), (iii)
Monck, Christopher, Duke of Albemarle, (i), (ii), (iii)
Monck, George, Duke of Albemarle, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Monmouth’s Rebellion, (i), (ii); convict transportation and, (i), (ii), (iii). See also Jeffreys, George
Montagu, Charles, Earl of Halifax, (i), (ii), (iii)
Montagu, Edward, Earl of Sandwich, (i), (ii), (iii)
Montserrat, (i), (ii). See also Leeward Islands
Morgan, Colonel Edward, (i)
Morgan, Edmund, (i)
Morgan, Sir Henry, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); privateering and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv). See also Jamaica; privateering; privateers
Myngs, Christopher, (i)
national debt, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Navigation Acts, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii). See also Acts of Trade and Navigation
Netherlands, (i), (ii), (iii). See also Holland
Nevis, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii). See also Leeward Islands
New England, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); King Philip’s War in, (i), (ii)
New York, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Newgate Prison, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Nightingale v. Bridges, (i), (ii)
Nine Years’ War, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); arming slaves during, (i), (ii), (iii); Jamaica and, (i), (ii); Leeward Islands and, (i), (ii); West Indies colonies and, (i), (ii); William III and, (i), (ii), (iii)
Noell, Martin, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); connections in Barbados, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); Western Design and, (i)
Noell, Thomas, (i), (ii), (iii)
North America, (i), (ii), (iii). See also specific colonies
Osborne, Thomas, Earl of Danby, (i), (ii), (iii)
outsider governors, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Palmer, Colin, (i)
Parliament, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); authority over imperial affairs, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); Barbados sugar refining controversy and, (i), (ii); Exclusion Crisis and, (i), (ii); the Glorious Revolution and, (i); petitions to, regarding African trade, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); regulation of the slave trade and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Penn, General William, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Pennoyer, William, (i), (ii), (iii)
Pettigrew, William, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Petty, Sir Willliam, (i)
Petyt, William, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Plantation Act (1673), (i), (ii). See also Acts of Trade and Navigation; Navigation Acts
planters, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); absentee, resident in England, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); in Barbados, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); Barbados Assembly and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); conflicts with the African Companies, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); debts owed to the Royal African Company, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); in Jamaica, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); in the Leeward Islands, (i), (ii), (iii); opposition to the asiento in Jamaica, (i); petitions on the slave trade, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); petitions to the Royal African Company, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); and privateers in Jamaica, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); in Virginia, (i); vision of empire, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); in the West Indies, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix). See also Gentlemen Planters of Barbados
political economy, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); debates about, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Popish Plot, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v). See also Exclusion Crisis
Popple, William, (i)
population, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); anxiety about declining population in England, (i), (ii), (iii); anxiety about overpopulation in England, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); of Barbados, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) (table 1), (vi), (vii); concerns about colonial expansion and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); contraction in England, (i), (ii), (iii); of England, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); of Jamaica, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) (table 1), (vi); of the Leeward Islands, (i), (ii), (iii) (table 1); of London, (i)
Port Royal, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii). See also Jamaica
Povey, Thomas, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
prisoner transportation. See convict transportation
prisoners. See convict transportation
privateering, (i), (ii); in Jamaica, (i), (ii); official policies regarding, (i), (ii), (iii). See also Jamaica; Morgan, Sir Henry; privateers
privateers, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); in Jamaica, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); and planters in Jamaica, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv). See also Jamaica; Morgan, Sir Henry; privateering
privateers, French, (i), (ii), (iii)
Privy Council, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); imperial administration and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Protectorate, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); imperialism of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Protestant Dissenters, (i)
Protestants, (i), (ii). See also Protestant Dissenters
Providence Island, (i), (ii), (iii)
Providence Island Company, (i), (ii)
Quakers, (i)
quo warranto campaign, (i), (ii). See also Tory Ascendancy; Tory Reaction
racial polarization, (i), (ii), (iii); in Barbados, (i), (ii), (iii). See also racism; slave codes
racism, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii). See also racial polarization; slave codes
Randolph, Sir Edward, (i)
Restoration, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); imperialism of the, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii). See also Charles II, King of England; Stuarts
Reynell, Carew, (i)
Rhode Island, (i), (ii), (iii)
Riccard, Sir Andrew, (i), (ii)
Royal African Company, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); in Africa, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); the asiento and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); authority of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); campaigns to re-affirm charter, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); Charles II, King of England, and, (i), (ii), (iii); commercial success of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); conflicts with Barbados colonists, (i), (ii), (iii); conflicts with Jamaica colonists, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); conflicts with Leeward Islands colonists, (i); connections to Tories, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); diminished status after the Glorious Revolution, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); Exclusion Crisis and, (i), (ii); formation of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n6; influence over imperial administration, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); James, Duke of York, as governor, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); James II, King of England, as governor, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); petitions to, from planters, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); planters’ debts to, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); royal prerogative and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); separate traders’ campaign against, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); slave trade and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x); slave trade debates and, (i), (ii); South Sea Company and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); Stuart imperialism and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); Stuarts and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); Ten Percent Act of 1698 and, (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x). See also Company of Royal Adventurers into Africa; Company of Royal Adventurers of England Trading into Africa; slave trade
royal prerogative, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); Charles II, King of England, and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n4; James, Duke of York, and, (i), (ii), (iii)n4; Royal African Company and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); Stuart imperialism and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Rudyerd, Sir Benjamin, (i)
Rupert, Prince, (i), (ii), (iii)
Rye House Plot, (i)
Ryswick, Treaty of, (i)
Saba, (i)
Sacks, David Harris, (i)
Saint Christopher, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); convict transportation and, (i), (ii); French occupation of, (i), (ii); population of, (i). See also Leeward Islands
Saint Eustatius, (i)
Sandys, Sir Edwin, (i)
Santo Domingo, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv). See also Hispaniola
Scotland, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); Cromwellian submission of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); demands for free trade with, (i), (ii); prisoners from, (i); servants from, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Searle, Daniel, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Sedgwick, Major Robert, (i), (ii)
separate trader interest, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v). See also separate traders
separate traders, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); campaign against the Royal African Company, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); vision of empire, (i). See also interlopers; merchants, private; separate trader interest
servant trade, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); colonial merchants and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); slave trade and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v). See also servants
servants, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); in Barbados, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); difficulties obtaining servants for the colonies, (i), (ii), (iii); in Jamaica, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); kidnapping of, (i); in the Leeward Islands, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); registries for, (i), (ii); in Virginia, (i), (ii), 33PP. See also indentured servants; indentured servitude; servant trade
shipwrecks, (i)
Sidney, Algernon, (i)
slave codes, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv). See also racial polarization; racism
slave trade, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); to Barbados, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) (table 3); British dominance of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); debates about, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); Dutch merchants and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)n19; English/British empire and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); English/British imperialism and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); to Jamaica, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix) (table 3); to the Leeward Islands, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) (table 3); national interest and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); opening of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); Royal African Company and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x); servant trade and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); to the Spanish, see asiento; to Virginia, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); volume, (i), (ii), (iii) (tables 2 and 3), (iv), (v); to the West Indies, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x). See also Company of Royal Adventurers into Africa; Company of Royal Adventurers of England Trading into Africa; Royal African Company; slavery; South Sea Company
slavery: in Barbados, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); English acceptance of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); English/British empire and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); English/British imperialism and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); imperial economy and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); in Jamaica, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); origins of, (i); popular perceptions of, (i), (ii), (iii); racism and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); in the West Indies, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii). See also slave trade, slaves
slaves: arming during war, (i), (ii), (iii); colonial demand for, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); legal status of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); population in the colonies, (i) (table 1). See also slave codes; slave trade; slavery
Smallwood, Stephanie, (i)
Society of Merchant Venturers, (i)
Sosin, Jack, (i)
Souden, David, (i)
South America, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv). See also Spanish colonies; Spanish Main
South Carolina, (i). See also Carolina
South Sea Company, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); the asiento and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); Harley, Robert, Earl of Oxford, and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); Royal African Company and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); Tories and, (i), (ii). See also asiento; slave trade
Southwell, Sir Robert, (i), (ii)
Spain, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); war against, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Spanish colonies, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix). See also asiento; South America; Spain; Spanish Main
Spanish Main, (i), (ii), (iii). See also South America; Spanish colonies
Spanish Town, (i)
Spencer, Robert, Earl of Sunderland, (i), (ii), (iii)
“spiriting” servants. See kidnapping servants
St. George (ship), (i), (ii), (iii)
St. John, Henry, Lord Bolingbroke, (i)
Stanhope, James, (i)
Stapleton, Sir William, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Starkey, James, (i)
Stede, Edwin, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Stop of the Exchequer (1672), (i), (ii)
Stuart court, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv). See also Stuarts
Stuarts, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); absolutism of, (i), (ii); imperialism of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); Royal African Company and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv). See also Charles II, King of England; James, Duke of York (later James II), King of England; Restoration; Royal African Company; royal prerogative
sugar, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); cultivation of, (i), (ii), (iii); duties on, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); importation of, (i), (ii); plantations, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); refining, (i), (ii), (iii)
Sword Blade Company, (i)
Talbot, Charles, Duke of Shrewsbury, (i), (ii)
Ten Percent Act of 1698, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi). See also Royal African Company
Thomson, Maurice, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Thurloe, John, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
tobacco, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); in Barbados, (i); duties on, (i), (ii), (iii); in Virginia, (i), (ii). See also Chesapeake colonies; Virginia
Tories, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); Exclusion Crisis and, (i), (ii); Royal African Company and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); South Sea Company and, (i), (ii). See also Exclusion Crisis; Tory Ascendancy; Tory Reaction
Tory Ascendancy, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); Charles II, King of England, and, (i), (ii); James II, King of England, and, (i), (ii), (iii). See also Tory Reaction
Tory Reaction, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv). See also Tory Ascendancy
Tower of London, (i), (ii), (iii)
Treasury, English, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Trumbull, Sir William, (i), (ii)
unfree labor. See convict transportation; indentured servitude; slavery
universal monarchy, (i), (ii), (iii)
Utrecht, Treaty of (1713), (i), (ii), (iii); negotiations for, (i), (ii)
Vaughan, John, Earl of Carbery, (i), (ii), (iii)
Venables, General Robert, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Venning, Timothy, (i)
Vernon, James, (i)
Villiers, George, Second Duke of Buckingham, (i), (ii), (iii)
Vincent, William, (i)
Virginia, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); Cromwellian submission of, (i); early settlement of, (i); planters in, (i); prisoners sent to, (i), (ii), (iii); servant trade to, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); slave trade to, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv). See also Bacon’s Rebellion (1676); Chesapeake colonies; Maryland; tobacco; Virginia Company
Virginia Company, (i), (ii), (iii). See also Virginia
Waite, Thomas, (i)
War of Spanish Succession, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Webb, Stephen Saunders, (i), (ii)
West India Company, English (proposed, 1657), (i), (ii)
West Indies, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); colonists in, (i), (ii); convict transportation to, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); economic impact of, (i), (ii); James II’s imperialism and, (i), (ii); perceptions of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); planters in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); privateering in, (i), (ii); Restoration imperialism and, (i), (ii), (iii); servants in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); slave trade to, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x); slavery in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); war in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); Western Design and, (i), (ii). See also specific colonies
West Indies Company, English (proposed, 1688), (i)
Western Design, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); Barbados and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); colonial merchants and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); Cromwell, Oliver, and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); imperialism of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); Jamaica and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); Leeward Islands and, (i); news of in England, (i), (ii), (iii)n32; planning of, (i). See also Cromwell, Oliver; Jamaica; Protectorate
Wheeler, Sir Charles, (i), (ii)
Whig Junto, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v). See also Country Whigs; Court Whigs; Whigs
Whigs, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); Exclusion Crisis and, (i), (ii); financial establishment and, (i), (ii). See also Country Whigs; Court Whigs; Whig Junto
Whiting, Captain Richard, (i), (ii)
Whitson, James, (i)
William III, King of England (William of Orange), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); assassination plot against (1696), (i); and the Nine Years’ War, (i), (ii), (iii)
Williams, Eric, (i)
Williams, William, (i)
Williamson, Sir Joseph, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Willoughby, Francis Lord, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Willoughby, William, (i), (ii)
Willoughby, William Lord, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Windsor, Thomas Lord, (i), (ii), (iii)
Winslow, Edward, (i)
Worsley, Benjamin, (i)
Zahedieh, Nuala, (i)