INTRODUCTION: Imperial Overview
THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: A Resilient Polity
SPAIN: The Genealogy of Modern Colonialism
PORTUGAL: Empire-building in the Old World and the New
THE NETHERLANDS: A Small Country with Imperial Ambitions
SCANDINAVIA: An Outsider in European Imperialism
FRANCE: Empire and the Mère-Patrie
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: The Making of Central Europe
BELGIUM: The Single-Colony Empire