The Book of
MALACHI
Author
Though some attribute Malachi to an anonymous writer, thought by some to have been Ezra, using the pseudonym Mal’aki (“My Messenger”), it is best to see the book as written by the named prophet himself. Malachi is not mentioned anywhere else in the Bible, but from his writing we learn he had a great love for the people of Judah and the temple ceremonies. He was likely a contemporary of Nehemiah.
Date
The lack of the mention of any kings or identifiable historical incidents makes dating the book somewhat difficult. The use of various Persian words in the text and the reference to a rebuilt temple (1:10) make a postexilic date concurrent with Nehemiah the most likely (about 450 B.C.). Malachi wrote as the last of the twelve Minor Prophets, the final inspired writer of Scripture until the New Testament.
Background
As noted, Malachi is the last of a number of divinely inspired men who, over a period of a thousand years, foretold the coming of the Just One. Not only did they prophesy about the coming Messiah, but they clearly spelled out to the people their sins and warned them of God’s righteous judgment.
Following their return from exile, the people of Israel lived as a restored community in the land of Palestine. Instead of learning from their past negative experiences and returning to the worship and service of the God of their ancestors, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, they became immoral and careless. The ritual and political reforms initiated by the postcaptivity leaders Nehemiah and Ezra had not prevented a serious spiritual decline among the Israelite population. This grave situation caused Malachi to be burdened heavily with the spiritual problems of his people. With divine fervency he addressed their common disregard for their loving Lord.
Content
In his opening statement Malachi points out God’s unchanging love for His people, due to His mercy that endures forever. This is the background for the following rebukes and exhortations. First, the prophet addresses the arrogant, open contempt of the priests for the Law and their negative influence upon the people. He points out to them that they cause many to stumble in sin. Therefore he warns them that the Lord will not be an idle spectator but, unless they repent, will severely punish them.
Next he addresses, in no uncertain terms, the treachery of priests and laymen in divorcing faithful wives and marrying heathen women who practice idol worship. This is followed by an earnest plea to guard their passions and be faithful to the wives of their youth, given to them by the Lord.
The prophet furthermore rebukes the irreligious practices of the people, their denial of God’s justice, and their defrauding the Lord by withholding the required tithes and offerings.
In glowing and fervent language Malachi continues to describe the original type of priesthood. He prophesies of the Sun of Righteousness, the Messenger of the covenant, and the great and terrible day of divine judgment in which the righteous will be rewarded and the wicked punished.
Finally, Malachi exhorts the people to observe the laws given to Israel through Moses and promises a coming Messiah and His forerunner Elijah (John the Baptist). This statement concludes the Old Testament and ties it to the good news of God’s provision in the Sun of Righteousness described in the New Testament.
Personal Application
Malachi’s criticism of abuses and religious indifference is still valid today. God’s people always need to confess their inadequate response to divine love. Initial devotion to God and enthusiasm may diminish. Genuine worship frequently turns into mechanical observance of religious practices. Delinquent tithing, divorce of faithful spouses, and intermarriage between God’s covenant people and nonbelievers often create havoc in families. Selfish desires, combined with proud and arrogant attitudes, lead to serious problems for which God is blamed. Instead of acknowledging our neglect and changing our lives by the power of the Holy Spirit, we ask the question, “Where is the God of justice?” (2:17). However, true repentance still prepares the way for necessary reforms and Holy Spirit-inspired revivals.
Christ Revealed
In this last book of the Old Testament we find clear prophetic utterances regarding the sudden appearance of Christ—the Messenger of the (new) covenant (3:1). That day is a time of judgment. “Who can stand when He appears?” (3:2). No one can in his own strength, but for those who fear the Lord, “the Sun of Righteousness [‘the Messenger of the covenant,’ Jesus (3:1)] shall arise with healing in His wings,” that is, in victorious triumph (4:2).
The Holy Spirit at Work
The working of the Holy Spirit in Malachi is evident in his own personal life and prophetic ministry. His writings show him to have been a dedicated prophet—a person clearly in tune with the Holy Spirit. As such, he could be used effectively to warn people of their sinful behavior and to urge them to conform their lives to the law of the Lord. The Holy Spirit furthermore granted to him the privilege of bringing the line of faithful, dedicated writing prophets to a close by allowing him to proclaim with clarity and fervency his telescopic vision of Christ’s coming.
Outline of Malachi
The title 1:1
I. The Lord’s love for Israel 1:2–5
II. Failure of the priests 1:6—2:9
III. Unfaithfulness of the people 2:10–16
IV. The day of judgment 2:17—3:5
V. Blessing in giving 3:6–12
VI. The destiny of the righteous and the wicked 3:13—4:3
VII. Exhortation and promise 4:4–6
1
1 THE 1burden of the word of the LORD to Israel 2by Malachi.
Israel Beloved of God
2 “Ia have loved you,” says the LORD.
“Yet you say, ‘In what way have You loved us?’
Was not Esau Jacob’s brother?”
Says the LORD.
“Yet bJacob I have loved;
3 But Esau I have hated,
And alaid waste his mountains and his heritage
For the jackals of the wilderness.”
4 Even though Edom has said,
“We have been impoverished,
But we will return and build the desolate places,”
Thus says the LORD of hosts:
“They may build, but I will athrow down;
They shall be called the Territory of Wickedness,
And the people against whom the LORD will have indignation forever.
5 Your eyes shall see,
And you shall say,
a‘The LORD is magnified beyond the border of Israel.’
Polluted Offerings
6 “A son ahonors his father,
And a servant his master.
bIf then I am the Father,
Where is My honor?
And if I am a Master,
Where is My *reverence?
Says the LORD of hosts
To you priests who despise My name.
cYet you say, ‘In what way have we despised Your name?’
7 “You offer adefiled food on My altar,
But say,
‘In what way have we defiled You?’
By saying,
b‘The table of the LORD is 1contemptible.’
8 And awhen you offer the blind as a sacrifice,
Is it not evil?
And when you offer the lame and sick,
Is it not evil?
Offer it then to your governor!
Would he be pleased with you?
Would he baccept1 you favorably?”
Says the LORD of hosts.
9 “But now entreat God’s favor,
That He may be gracious to us.
aWhile this is being done by your hands,
Will He accept you favorably?”
Says the LORD of hosts.
10 “Who is there even among you who would shut the doors,
aSo that you would not kindle fire on My altar in vain?
I have no pleasure in you,”
Says the LORD of hosts,
b“Nor will I accept an offering from your hands.
11 For afrom the rising of the sun, even to its going down,
My name shall be great bamong the *Gentiles;
cIn every place dincense shall be offered to My name,
And a pure offering;
eFor My name shall be great among the nations,”
Says the LORD of hosts.
12 “But you profane it,
In that you say,
a‘The table of the 1LORD is defiled;
And its fruit, its food, is contemptible.’
13 You also say,
‘Oh, what a aweariness!’
And you sneer at it,”
Says the LORD of hosts.
“And you bring the stolen, the lame, and the sick;
Thus you bring an offering!
bShould I accept this from your hand?”
Says the LORD.
14 “But cursed be athe deceiver
Who has in his flock a male,
And takes a vow,
But sacrifices to the Lord bwhat is blemished—
For cI am a great King,”
Says the LORD of hosts,
“And My name is to be feared among the nations.
Corrupt Priests
2
1 “And now, O apriests, this commandment is for you.
2 aIf you will not hear,
And if you will not take it to heart,
To give *glory to My name,”
Says the LORD of hosts,
“I will send a curse upon you,
And I will curse your blessings.
Yes, I have cursed them balready,
Because you do not take it to heart.
3 “Behold, I will rebuke your descendants
And spread arefuse on your faces,
The refuse of your solemn feasts;
And one will btake you away 1with it.
4 Then you shall know that I have sent this commandment to you,
That My covenant with Levi may continue,”
Says the LORD of hosts.
5 “Mya covenant was with him, one of life and peace,
And I gave them to him bthat he might *fear Me;
So he feared Me
And was reverent before My name.
6 aThe1 law of truth was in his mouth,
And 2injustice was not found on his lips.
He walked with Me in peace and equity,
And bturned many away from iniquity.
7 “Fora the lips of a *priest should keep knowledge,
And people should seek the law from his mouth;
bFor he is the messenger of the LORD of hosts.
8 But you have departed from the way;
You ahave caused many to stumble at the law.
bYou have corrupted the covenant of Levi,”
Says the LORD of hosts.
9 “Therefore aI also have made you contemptible and base
Before all the people,
Because you have not kept My ways
But have shown bpartiality in the law.”
Treachery of Infidelity
10 aHave we not all one Father?
bHas not one God created us?
Why do we deal treacherously with one another
By profaning the covenant of the fathers?
11 Judah has dealt treacherously,
And an abomination has been committed in Israel and in Jerusalem,
For Judah has aprofaned
The LORD’s holy institution which He loves:
He has married the daughter of a foreign god.
12 May the LORD cut off from the tents of Jacob
The man who does this, being 1awake and aware,
Yet awho brings an offering to the LORD of hosts!
13 And this is the second thing you do:
You cover the altar of the LORD with tears,
With weeping and crying;
So He does not regard the offering anymore,
Nor receive it with goodwill from your hands.
14 Yet you say, “For what reason?”
Because the LORD has been witness
Between you and athe wife of your youth,
With whom you have dealt treacherously;
bYet she is your companion
And your wife by covenant.
15 But adid He not make them one,
Having a remnant of the Spirit?
And why one?
He seeks bgodly offspring.
Therefore take heed to your spirit,
And let none deal treacherously with the wife of his youth.
16 “For athe LORD God of Israel says
That He hates divorce,
For it covers one’s garment with violence,”
Says the LORD of hosts.
“Therefore take heed to your spirit,
That you do not deal treacherously.”
17 aYou have wearied the LORD with your words;
Yet you say,
“In what way have we wearied Him?”
In that you say,
b“Everyone who does evil
Is good in the sight of the LORD,
And He *delights in them,”
Or, “Where is the God of justice?”
The Coming Messenger
3
1 “Behold, aI send My messenger,And he will bprepare the way before Me.
And the Lord, whom you seek,
Will suddenly come to His temple,
cEven the Messenger of the covenant,
In whom you delight.
Behold, dHe is coming,”
Says the LORD of hosts.
2 “But who can endure athe day of His coming?
And bwho can stand when He appears?
For cHe is like a *refiner’s fire
And like launderers’ soap.
3 aHe will sit as a refiner and a purifier of silver;
He will purify the sons of Levi,
And 1purge them as gold and silver,
That they may boffer to the LORD
An offering in righteousness.
4 “Then athe offering of Judah and Jerusalem
Will be 1pleasant to the LORD,
As in the days of old,
As in former years.
5 And I will come near you for judgment;
I will be a swift witness
Against sorcerers,
Against adulterers,
aAgainst perjurers,
Against those who bexploit wage earners and cwidows and orphans,
And against those who turn away an alien—
Because they do not fear Me,”
Says the LORD of hosts.
6 “For I am the LORD, aI do not change;
bTherefore you are not consumed, O sons of Jacob.
7 Yet from the days of ayour fathers
You have gone away from My ordinances
And have not kept them.
bReturn* to Me, and I will return to you,”
Says the LORD of hosts.
c“But you said,
‘In what way shall we return?’
Do Not Rob God
8 “Will a man rob God?
Yet you have robbed Me!
But you say,
‘In what way have we robbed You?’
aIn tithes and offerings.
9 You are cursed with a curse,
For you have robbed Me,
Even this whole nation.
10 aBring all the tithes into the bstorehouse,
That there may be food in My house,
And try Me now in this,”
Says the LORD of hosts,
“If I will not open for you the cwindows of *heaven
And dpour out for you such blessing
That there will not be room enough to receive it.
11 “And I will rebuke athe devourer for your sakes,
So that he will not destroy the fruit of your ground,
Nor shall the vine fail to bear fruit for you in the field,”
Says the LORD of hosts;
12 “And all nations will call you *blessed,
For you will be aa delightful land,”
Says the LORD of hosts.
The People Complain Harshly
13 “Youra words have been 1harsh against Me,”
Says the LORD,
“Yet you say,
‘What have we spoken against You?’
14 aYou have said,
‘It is useless to *serve God;
What profit is it that we have kept His ordinance,
And that we have walked as mourners
Before the LORD of hosts?
15 So now awe call the proud blessed,
For those who do wickedness are 1raised up;
They even btempt God and go free.’ ”
A Book of Remembrance
16 Then those awho feared the LORD bspoke to one another,
And the LORD listened and heard them;
So ca book of remembrance was written before Him
For those who fear the LORD
And who 1meditate on His name.
17 “Theya shall be Mine,” says the LORD of hosts,
“On the day that I make them My bjewels.1*
And cI will spare them
As a man spares his own son who serves him.”
18 aThen you shall again discern
Between the righteous and the wicked,
Between one who serves God
And one who does not serve Him.
The Great Day of God
4
1 “For behold, athe day is coming,Burning like an oven,
And all bthe proud, yes, all who do wickedly will be cstubble.
And the day which is coming shall burn them up,”
Says the LORD of hosts,
“That will dleave them neither root nor branch.
2 But to you who afear My name
The bSun of Righteousness shall arise
With healing in His wings;
And you shall go out
And grow fat like stall-fed calves.
3 aYou shall trample the wicked,
For they shall be ashes under the soles of your feet
On the day that I do this,”
Says the LORD of hosts.
4 “Remember the aLaw of Moses, My servant,
Which I commanded him in Horeb for all Israel,
With bthe statutes and judgments.
5 Behold, I will send you aElijah the *prophet
bBefore the coming of the great and dreadful day of the LORD.
6 And he will turn
The hearts of the fathers to the children,
And the hearts of the children to their fathers,
Lest I come and astrike the earth with ba curse.”
1:1 The burden of the word of the LORD to Israel by Malachi: This threatening word from the Lord to His “messenger” (Mal’aki) created a considerable burden, causing him a significant amount of anxiety. With 23 probing questions, the prophet delivers a self-examination, full of sharp reproaches against the priests and the people of Israel. This small colony, the remnant of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, returned to their land after the Babylonian captivity and became the central focus of the divine promises and threats.
1:2–5 See section 4 of Truth-In-Action at the end of Mal.
1:2–5 The whole prophecy, framed in a question-and-answer format, clearly represents the covenant relationship of the Lord to His people. In reply to the people’s request for proofs of His love for them, He refers to the historical fact of His free choice of their ancestor Jacob over his brother Esau (vv. 2, 3). God loved, or “preferred,” Jacob and his descendants and hated, or “rejected,” his brother Esau and Edom his offspring for reasons only He knows. Paul refers to this passage as an example of divine electing love (Rom. 9:13). Jacob’s descendants were chosen for ministry purposes, to be God’s instrument for blessing all peoples, including Edom (Gen. 12:2, 3; 28:14). No one is chosen by God to be excluded from His salvation (Rom. 10:11–13; 2 Pet. 3:9).
If they reflect upon the Lord’s love for them and contrast their condition with that of Edom, the people of Israel will be convinced of His gracious care and guidance. They will confess that the LORD is magnified beyond the border of Israel, that is, “the fame of His great power goes far beyond our borders!” (v. 5).
1:3 Laid waste … his heritage: See notes on Obad. 10, 11.
1:4 Because Edom continues to refuse the lessons of God’s judgment, His judgment continues against them.
1:6—2:9 The second topic, the condemnation of the priests, is introduced in Hebrew parallel form by the questions in 1:6: “As Father and Master, where are My honor and reverence?” The open contempt of the sacrificial requirements (Lev. 1:10; 22:17–25; Deut. 17:1) is a disgrace to the loving and caring Lord God of Israel. Imperfect sacrifices, offered without sincerity, are unbecoming to governors and displeasing to the Lord. Pure offerings and incense from the peoples around the world, from the rising of the sun, even to its going down, are preferred by the Lord of hosts (1:11). The Lord pronounces a curse (retributive judgment) upon the priests for their open contempt of His instructions (2:2). It includes some type of severe humiliation: spread refuse on your faces (2:3).
All of the temple’s attendants, whether priests or Levites, were descendants of Levi, whose tribe was blessed by Moses in Deut. 33:8–11. All agreements or covenants (Mal. 2:4) made by God with them regarding their temple responsibilities were, in a sense, made with their father Levi, including words spoken to Aaron’s grandson (2:5; Num. 25:10–13).
1:6 See section 4 of Truth-In-Action at the end of Mal.
1:12–14 See section 2 of Truth-In-Action at the end of Mal.
2:10–16 The reprehensible practice of divorce of Israelite wives (vv. 14–16) and intermarriage with women serving pagan deities was a violation of the covenant of the fathers (Deut. 7:1–4). The early postexilic enforcement of this law (Ezra 9; 10) was followed by a gradual return to this abominable practice, producing offspring with diluted religious beliefs (v. 15). He hates divorce answers their question as to why God does not regard their worship, in spite of their weeping and crying (v. 13). The husbands’ sending away their wives is a violation of the covenant that God witnessed between them, and He is displeased. This truth goes back to Gen. 1 and 2, and is a basis for Jesus’ teaching in Matt. 5:31, 32; 19:4–9.
2:13–16 See section 4 of Truth-In-Action at the end of Mal.
2:17—3:5 The priests and Levites held an arrogant and distorted view of worship, stating that evildoers who question God’s justice please Him (2:17). The Lord will vindicate Himself. He will suddenly come to His temple (3:1) and judge sorcerers, adulterers, those who swear falsely, those who cheat their hired hands, those who take advantage of widows and orphans or do not welcome aliens, that is, all those who do not fear Me (3:5). My messenger … before Me is linked in the NT with John the Baptist, indicating that Malachi’s prophecy had both a historical and a messianic application. Malachi’s own name is reflected in the Hebrew word meaning “My Messenger.”
2:17 See section 1 of Truth-In-Action at the end of Mal.
3:2–7 See section 3 of Truth-In-Action at the end of Mal.
3:6, 7 Although the Lord abhors and condemns the hypocritical, corrupt, and immoral acts of His people, there is hope because the Lord never changes (v. 6). He is faithful to His covenant promises and will not abandon His people. Therefore, He exhorts them, return to Me, and I will return to you (v. 7).
3:8–12 These verses teach the following principles: 1) Israel was neglecting her covenant relationship with God by robbing Him of the tithes and offerings. 2) Her neglect brought retributive judgment. 3) God challenged her to counter her neglect by proving His faithfulness in this matter of giving. If she would give all the tithes, He would open … the windows of heaven (send the needed rains) and rebuke the devourer (destroy the locusts that devour crops). Although there is no consensus in the contemporary church as to the NT applicability of the principle of tithing, of testing God financially, of God’s promised rebuking of those things that devour finances, or of God’s providing financially for those who faithfully give, there is general agreement that the NT teaches us to give substantially to the Lord. It is also agreed that He is a God who delights to respond with gracious provision, especially to meet essential needs (Matt. 6:25–34).
3:8–12 See section 5 of Truth-In-Action at the end of Mal.
3:13—4:3 The names of those who fear the Lord are written in a book of remembrance. In contrast with the end of the wicked, the righteous shall be mine … jewels (or special possession) on the day (see note on Obad. 15) when I act (see 3:16, 17; Ex. 32:32; Ps. 56:8). At that Day of Judgment, the righteous and the wicked will be clearly distinguishable (3:18). That day is coming and shall burn them up who do not serve the Lord (4:1). But the same heat that burns up the wicked will bring healing warmth to the righteous (4:2). The Sun of Righteousness occurs as a symbolic designation of Yahweh only here in the OT. It pictures God rising in victorious triumph (with healing in His wings), likely through the Messiah.
3:13–16 See section 1 of Truth-In-Action at the end of Mal.
3:17, 18 See section 2 of Truth-In-Action at the end of Mal.
4:2 See section 2 of Truth-In-Action at the end of Mal.
4:4–6 In conclusion, the prophet admonishes the people to remember the Law of Moses (v. 4). Then follows the promise of the coming of Elijah the prophet, earlier referred to as “My messenger” (see note on 2:17—3:5).
This prophetic utterance closes the OT with the hope of unity and healing. Malachi, like Obadiah and other predecessors, looks with telescopic vision toward Christ’s First Advent and salvation for all who believe in Him. But he also views Christ’s Second Advent, with the final judgment of the wicked and ultimate salvation of those who fear His name (v. 6).
CHAPTER 1
1 oracle, prophecy
2 Lit. by the hand of
a Deut. 4:37; 7:8; 23:5; Is. 41:8, 9; [Jer. 31:3]; John 15:12
b Rom. 9:13
a Jer. 49:18; Ezek. 35:9, 15
a Jer. 49:16–18
a Ps. 35:27; Mic. 5:4
a [Ex. 20:12]; Prov. 30:11, 17; [Matt. 15:4–8; Eph. 6:2, 3]
b [Is. 63:16; 64:8]; Jer. 31:9; Luke 6:46
c Mal. 2:14
* See WW at Is. 8:13.
a Deut. 15:21
b Ezek. 41:22
1 Or to be despised
a Lev. 22:22; Deut. 15:19–23
b [Job 42:8]
1 Lit. lift up your face
a Hos. 13:9
a 1 Cor. 9:13
b Is. 1:11
a Is. 59:19
b Is. 60:3, 5
c 1 Tim. 2:8
d Rev. 8:3
e Is. 66:18, 19
* See WW at Ps. 106:47.
a Mal. 1:7
1 So with Bg.; MT Lord
a Is. 43:22
b Lev. 22:20
a Mal. 1:8
b Lev. 22:18–20
c Ps. 47:2
CHAPTER 2
a Mal. 1:6
a [Lev. 26:14, 15; Deut. 28:15]
b Mal. 3:9
* See WW at Is. 60:1.
a Ex. 29:14
b 1 Kin. 14:10
1 Lit. to it
a Num. 25:12; Ezek. 34:25
b Deut. 33:9
* See WW at Is. 8:13.
a Deut. 33:10
b Jer. 23:22; [James 5:20]
1 Or True instruction
2 Or unrighteousness
a Num. 27:21; Deut. 17:8–11; Jer. 18:18
b [Gal. 4:14]
* See WW at Lev. 5:6.
a Jer. 18:15
b Num. 25:12, 13; Neh. 13:29; Ezek. 44:10
a 1 Sam. 2:30
b Deut. 1:17; Mic. 3:11; 1 Tim. 5:21
a Jer. 31:9; 1 Cor. 8:6; [Eph. 4:6]
b Job 31:15
a Ezra 9:1, 2; Neh. 13:23
a Neh. 13:29
1 Talmud, Vg. teacher and student
a Prov. 5:18; Jer. 9:2; Mal. 3:5
b Prov. 2:17
a Gen. 2:24; Matt. 19:4, 5
b Ezra 9:2; [1 Cor. 7:14]
a Deut. 24:1; [Matt. 5:31; 19:6–8]
a Is. 43:22, 24
b Is. 5:20; Zeph. 1:12
* See WW at Ps. 112:1.
CHAPTER 3
a Matt. 11:10; Mark 1:2; Luke 1:76; 7:27; John 1:23; 2:14, 15
b [Is. 40:3]
c Is. 63:9
d Hab. 2:7
a Jer. 10:10; Joel 2:11; Nah. 1:6; [Mal. 4:1]
b Is. 33:14; Ezek. 22:14; Rev. 6:17
c Is. 4:4; Zech. 13:9; [Matt. 3:10–12; 1 Cor. 3:13–15]
* See WW at Zech. 13:9.
a Is. 1:25; Dan. 12:10; Zech. 13:9
b [1 Pet. 2:5]
1 Or refine
a Mal. 1:11
1 pleasing
a Lev. 19:12; Zech. 5:4; [James 5:12]
b Lev. 19:13; James 5:4
c Ex. 22:22
a [Num. 23:19; Rom. 11:29; James 1:17]
b [Lam. 3:22]
a Acts 7:51
b Zech. 1:3
c Mal. 1:6
* See WW at Ruth 4:15.
a Neh. 13:10–12
a Prov. 3:9, 10
b 1 Chr. 26:20
c Gen. 7:11
d 2 Chr. 31:10
* See WW at 1 Kin. 8:23.
a Amos 4:9
a Dan. 8:9
* See WW at Prov. 31:28.
a Mal. 2:17
1 Lit. strong
a Job 21:14
* See WW at Ps. 100:2.
a Ps. 73:12
b Ps. 95:9
1 Lit. built
a Ps. 66:16
b Heb. 3:13
c Ps. 56:8
1 Or esteem
a Ex. 19:5; Deut. 7:6; Is. 43:21; [1 Pet. 2:9]
b Is. 62:3
c Ps. 103:13
1 Lit. special treasure
* See WW at Deut. 26:18.
a [Ps. 58:11]
CHAPTER 4
a Ps. 21:9; [Nah. 1:5, 6; Mal. 3:2, 3; 2 Pet. 3:7]
b Mal. 3:18
c Is. 5:24; Obad. 18
d Amos 2:9
a Mal. 3:16
b Matt. 4:16; Luke 1:78; Acts 10:43; 2 Cor. 4:6; Eph. 5:14
a Mic. 7:10
a Ex. 20:3
b Deut. 4:10
a [Matt. 11:14; 17:10–13; Mark 9:11–13; Luke 1:17]; John 1:21
b Joel 2:31
* See WW at 1 Sam. 3:20.
a Zech. 14:12
b Zech. 5:3
