The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to
Background
As far as we can determine, Paul was released from Roman imprisonment shortly after Acts was written and engaged in additional missionary travels, possibly journeying as far as Spain. During the era of persecutions initiated by Nero in A.D. 64, Paul was again arrested, probably in Troas (4:13), and taken to Rome. The circumstances of his second Roman imprisonment were quite different from those of his first incarceration. Previously, he was in his own hired dwelling and was able to receive visitors freely, but now he was confined in a dungeon and friends could only see him with difficulty. Formerly he had expected to be released, but now he looked forward to death (4:6–8). At the writing of this letter, only Luke was with Paul (4:11), all others having left for various reasons.
Occasion and Date
The letter was occasioned by Paul’s concern for Timothy’s needs as well as for his own. He reminded Timothy of his responsibilities and admonished him to give himself wholeheartedly to his task. As for himself, Paul needed certain personal effects (4:13) and in his loneliness desired to see Timothy and Mark (4:9–11). There is little question that Paul wrote this letter shortly before his death. Therefore, since he was probably executed before Nero’s death in A.D. 68, the letter may be dated around 66/67.
Purpose
Paul’s immediate purpose in the letter was to issue an affectionate appeal to Timothy to come to him (4:9, 11, 13, 21). However, Paul’s main concern was the welfare of the church, and he gave Timothy instructions for perfecting its organization and safeguarding the gospel. With the realization that his death was imminent, and that Timothy might not reach him in time for a final visit, Paul injected into this letter solemn words of admonition. His preoccupation was with the gospel, and he expressed to Timothy his concern that his young coworker would faithfully transmit the gospel after the old warrior’s death. The letter urges Timothy to be faithful in the face of hardships, desertions, and error.
Characteristics
Although Paul is terse and to the point, he is also tender, warm, and affectionate. Second Timothy reveals Paul’s emotions more than his intellect, because his heart was speaking. Consequently, the letter is not an orderly, well-planned literary production, but a personal note passionately expressing the apostle’s last will and testament.
Personal Application
This epistle is a handbook for young ministers of the gospel. The church needs more Timothys who are determined to guard the gospel as a sacred deposit committed to them, who are faithful to proclaim it, who are ready to suffer for it, and who will pass it on to faithful followers.
Christ Revealed
For Paul, the gospel is more than statements and proposition; it is Christ (see 1:8). Spiritual blessings, such as grace, mercy, peace, and even life itself, reside in Him and are derived from Him (1:1, 2, 9, 10, 13, 16, 18; 2:1). Jesus came to earth as a man (2:8) to be our Savior (1:10; 2:10; 3:15) and was resurrected (2:8) following His death. He is faithful to those who follow Him (1:12; 2:11, 12; 4:17, 18, 22) and consistent in His purpose (2:12, 13). He also grants spiritual understanding (2:7). Christ will appear at His Second Coming as the righteous judge (4:1, 8; see 1:18; 4:14, 16).
The Holy Spirit at Work
The Holy Spirit had given Timothy a gift and Paul exhorted him to use it actively (1:6). Furthermore, the Holy Spirit grants power, love, and a sound mind (1:7). The indwelling Holy Spirit enables us to be faithful to the gospel committed to us and to safeguard its purity (1:13, 14).
Outline of 2 Timothy
I. Introduction 1:1–5
B. Thanksgiving 1:3–5
II. Fidelity in the face of hardships 1:6–14
A. Because of the nature of Christian experience 1:6–8
B. Because of the greatness of the gospel 1:9–11
C. Because of the example of Paul 1:12–14
III. Fidelity in the face of desertions 1:15—2:13
A. The example of Onesiphorus 1:15–18
B. The character of Timothy’s work 2:1–7
C. The redemptive work of Christ 2:8–13
IV. Fidelity in the face of error 2:14—4:8
A. Doctrinal error 2:14–26
V. Conclusion 4:9–22
A. Instruction 4:9–13
C. Explanation 4:16–18
D. Greetings 4:19–21
E. Benediction 4:22
Greeting
1 PAUL, an apostle of 1Jesus Christ by the will of God, according to the apromise of life which is in Christ Jesus,
2 To Timothy, a abeloved son:
Grace, *mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord.
Timothy’s Faith and Heritage
3 I thank God, whom I serve with a *pure conscience, as my aforefathers did, as without ceasing I remember you in my prayers night and day,
4 greatly desiring to see you, being mindful of your tears, that I may be filled with joy,
5 when I call to remembrance athe 1genuine* faith that is in you, which dwelt first in your grandmother Lois and byour mother Eunice, and I am persuaded is in you also.
6 Therefore I remind you ato stir up the *gift of God which is in you through the laying on of my hands.
7 For aGod has not given us a spirit of fear, bbut of power and of love and of a sound mind.
Not Ashamed of the Gospel
8 aTherefore do not be ashamed of bthe testimony of our Lord, nor of me cHis prisoner, but share with me in the sufferings for the gospel according to the power of God,
9 who has saved us and *called us with a holy calling, anot according to our works, but baccording to His own *purpose and grace which was given to us in Christ Jesus cbefore *time began,
10 but ahas now been revealed by the appearing of our *Savior Jesus Christ, who has abolished death and brought life and immortality to light through the gospel,
11 ato which I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher 1of the Gentiles.
12 For this reason I also suffer these things; nevertheless I am not ashamed, afor I know whom I have *believed and am *persuaded that He is *able to keep what I have committed to Him until that Day.
Be Loyal to the Faith
13 aHold fast bthe pattern of csound* words which you have heard from me, in faith and love which are in Christ Jesus.
14 That good thing which was committed to you, keep by the Holy Spirit who dwells in us.
15 This you know, that all those in Asia have turned away from me, among whom are Phygellus and Hermogenes.
16 The Lord grant mercy to the ahousehold of Onesiphorus, for he often refreshed me, and was not ashamed of my chain;
17 but when he arrived in Rome, he sought me out very zealously and found me.
18 The Lord agrant to him that he may find mercy from the Lord bin that Day—and you know very well how many ways he cministered 1to me at Ephesus.
Be Strong in Grace
1 You therefore, amy son, bbe strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus.
2 And the things that you have heard from me among many witnesses, commit these to faithful men who will be able to teach *others also.
3 You therefore must aendure1 hardship bas a *good soldier of Jesus Christ.
4 aNo one engaged in warfare entangles himself with the affairs of this life, that he may please him who enlisted him as a soldier.
5 And also aif anyone competes in athletics, he is not crowned unless he competes according to the rules.
6 The hardworking farmer must be first to partake of the crops.
7 Consider what I say, and 1may the Lord agive you *understanding in all things.
8 Remember that Jesus Christ, aof the seed of David, bwas raised from the dead caccording to my gospel,
9 afor which I suffer trouble as an evildoer, beven to the point of chains; cbut the word of God is not chained.
10 Therefore aI *endure all things for the sake of the 1elect,* bthat they also may obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus with *eternal glory.
11 This is a faithful saying:
For aif we died with Him,
We shall also live with Him.
12 aIf we endure,
We shall also reign with Him.
bIf we deny Him,
He also will deny us.
13If we are faithless,
He remains faithful;
He acannot deny Himself.
Approved and Disapproved Workers
14 Remind them of these things, acharging them before the Lord not to 1strive about words to no profit, to the ruin of the hearers.
15 aBe* diligent to present yourself approved to God, a worker who does not need to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth.
16 But shun profane and 1idle babblings, for they will 2increase to more ungodliness.
17 And their message will spread like cancer. aHymenaeus and Philetus are of this sort,
18 who have strayed concerning the truth, asaying that the *resurrection is already past; and they overthrow the faith of some.
19 Nevertheless athe solid foundation of God stands, having this seal: “The Lord bknows those who are His,” and, “Let everyone who names the name of 1Christ depart from *iniquity.”
20 But in a great house there are not only avessels of gold and silver, but also of wood and clay, some for honor and some for dishonor.
21 Therefore if anyone cleanses himself from the latter, he will be a vessel for honor, 1sanctified and useful for the *Master, aprepared* for every good work.
22 aFlee also youthful lusts; but pursue righteousness, faith, love, peace with those who call on the Lord out of a pure heart.
23 But avoid foolish and ignorant disputes, knowing that they generate strife.
24 And aa servant of the Lord must not quarrel but be gentle to all, bable to teach, cpatient,
25 ain *humility correcting those who are in opposition, bif God perhaps will grant them repentance, cso that they may know the truth,
26 and that they may come to their senses and aescape the snare of the devil, having been taken captive by him to do his will.
Perilous Times and Perilous Men
1 But know this, that ain the last days 1perilous *times will come:
2 For men will be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, boasters, proud, *blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy,
3 unloving, 1unforgiving, slanderers, without self-control, brutal, despisers of good,
4 atraitors, headstrong, haughty, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God,
5 ahaving a form of godliness but bdenying its power. And cfrom such people turn away!
6 For aof this sort are those who creep into households and make captives of gullible women loaded down with sins, led away by various lusts,
7 always learning and never able ato come to the knowledge of the truth.
8 aNow as Jannes and Jambres resisted Moses, so do these also resist the truth: bmen of corrupt minds, cdisapproved concerning the faith;
9 but they will progress no further, for their folly will be manifest to all, aas theirs also was.
The Man of God and the Word of God
10 aBut you have carefully followed my doctrine, manner of life, *purpose, faith, longsuffering, love, *perseverance,
11 persecutions, afflictions, which happened to me aat Antioch, bat Iconium, cat Lystra—what persecutions I endured. And dout of them all the Lord delivered me.
12 Yes, and aall who desire to live godly in Christ Jesus will suffer persecution.
13 aBut evil men and impostors will grow worse and worse, deceiving and being deceived.
14 But you must acontinue in the things which you have learned and been assured of, knowing from whom you have learned them,
15 and that from childhood you have known athe Holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus.
16 aAll *Scripture is given by inspiration of God, band is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for 1instruction in righteousness,
17 athat the man of God may be complete, bthoroughly equipped for every good work.
Preach the Word
1 I acharge you 1therefore before God and the Lord Jesus Christ, bwho will *judge the living and the dead 2at His appearing and His kingdom:
2 *Preach the word! Be ready in season and out of season. aConvince, brebuke, cexhort, with all longsuffering and teaching.
3 aFor the time will come when they will not *endure bsound* doctrine, cbut according to their own desires, because they have itching ears, they will heap up for themselves teachers;
4 and they will turn their ears away from the truth, and abe turned aside to fables.
5 But you be watchful in all things, aendure afflictions, do the work of ban evangelist, fulfill your ministry.
Paul’s Valedictory
6 For aI am already being poured out as a drink offering, and the time of bmy departure is at hand.
7 aI have fought the *good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith.
8 Finally, there is laid up for me athe crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the *righteous bJudge, will *give to me con that Day, and not to me only but also to all who have *loved His appearing.
The Abandoned Apostle
9 *Be diligent to come to me quickly;
10 for aDemas has forsaken me, bhaving loved this present world, and has departed for Thessalonica—Crescens for Galatia, Titus for Dalmatia.
11 Only Luke is with me. Get aMark and bring him with you, for he is useful to me for ministry.
12 And aTychicus I have *sent to Ephesus.
13 Bring the cloak that I left with Carpus at Troas when you come—and the books, especially the parchments.
14 aAlexander the coppersmith did me much harm. May the Lord repay him according to his works.
15 You also must beware of him, for he has greatly *resisted our words.
16 At my first defense no one stood with me, but all forsook me. aMay it not be *charged against them.
The Lord Is Faithful
17 aBut the Lord stood with me and strengthened me, bso that the message might be preached fully through me, and that all the Gentiles might hear. Also I was delivered cout of the mouth of the lion.
18 aAnd the Lord will deliver me from every evil work and preserve me for His heavenly kingdom. bTo Him be glory forever and ever. Amen!
Come Before Winter
19 Greet aPrisca and Aquila, and the household of bOnesiphorus.
20 aErastus stayed in Corinth, but bTrophimus I have left in Miletus sick.
21 *Do your utmost to come before winter. Eubulus greets you, as well as Pudens, Linus, Claudia, and all the brethren.
Farewell
22 The Lord 1Jesus Christ be with your spirit. Grace be with you. Amen.
1:1 Paul states his office, the authority by which he held it, and the reason it was given to him.
1:3 See section 1 of Truth-In-Action at the end of 2 Tim.
1:3 As a Jew, Paul had been taught faith in the true God and the proper way to worship Him. When he became a Christian, he did not abandon those teachings, but discovered the fulfillment of Judaism.
1:5 A Christian upbringing and a spiritual family atmosphere are decided advantages. Timothy’s mother Eunice, and his grandmother Lois, communicated their faith to Timothy.
1:6 See section 2 of Truth-In-Action at the end of 2 Tim.
1:6 Stir up: The initiative for keeping the fires of the soul stirred is upon the recipient. This principle applies to all believers. Thus, Paul urges Timothy to the fullest use of the spiritual equipment given to him for ministry. While he does not specify the gift, his use of the Greek word charisma suggests a distinct manifestation of the Holy Spirit bestowed upon Timothy through the prayers of the apostle and others. See 1 Tim. 1:18 and the notes on 1 Cor. 12—14.
1:7 Possibly because of his youth or natural temperament, Timothy was prone to timidity (fear) and may have been reluctant to accept heavy responsibilities. In these verses (6, 7) Paul is reminding him that the Holy Spirit’s fullness and gifts provide enabling power to exercise one’s ministry.
1:8 See section 5 of Truth-In-Action at the end of 2 Tim.
1:8 In those days of persecution, Christian leaders who remained loyal to Christ almost certainly would suffer for the gospel’s sake, but they could rely on the power of God for endurance. The power of God had been most dramatically revealed in the death and resurrection of Jesus. See 1 Cor. 1.
1:9 Salvation is entirely a matter of God’s purpose and grace, apart from human works.
1:10 What God purposed “before time began” (v. 9) has been historically disclosed by the appearing of our Savior. Although physical death is still experienced by believers, Christ has abolished it by rendering it ineffective. See 1 Cor. 15:54–57.
1:11, 12 Paul encourages Timothy to steadfastness by his own example of fearlessness in the face of death. The basis of his courage is his assurance that Christ will safely guard him until that Day of His glorious return. See 1 Thess. 5:23.
1:13, 14 See section 5 of Truth-In-Action at the end of 2 Tim.
1:13, 14 In view of his impending death, and in the face of desertion by false friends, Paul urges Timothy to fidelity by the power of the indwelling Holy Spirit.
1:15 Asia refers to the Roman province of which Ephesus was the capital. Nothing is known of Phygellus and Hermogenes except this defection.
1:16–18 The devotion and loyalty of Onesiphorus served to encourage Timothy. That Day refers to the Second Coming (see notes on v. 12 and Obad. 15).
2:1 See section 2 of Truth-In-Action at the end of 2 Tim.
2:2 See section 5 of Truth-In-Action at the end of 2 Tim.
2:2 Paul establishes a pattern for the preservation and transmission of the gospel. Apostolic teaching is to be passed on to succeeding generations without addition or alteration.
2:3–7 See section 5 of Truth-In-Action at the end of 2 Tim.
2:3–6 Paul illustrates the strenuous duties of a Christian minister with the metaphors of a soldier, an athlete, and a farmer.
2:4 Rather than entangling himself in civilian matters, the soldier must dedicate himself wholeheartedly to the business of soldiery. In like manner, the warfare of the kingdom demands one’s full attention.
2:5 An athlete must play by the rules; otherwise, he will forfeit the prize. Rewards for Christian service depend on faithfulness. See 1 Cor. 3:10–15.
2:6 The hardworking farmer must first plow the ground before he reaps a crop, but if he does he receives the reward of a bountiful harvest. The hardworking laborer in God’s field will receive an appropriate reward.
2:8–13 Paul expounds the principle that suffering is the condition of blessing, enforcing it with the experience of Jesus Christ (v. 8), himself (vv. 9, 10), and every believer (vv. 11–13).
2:8 This principle took Christ through lowly birth and even lowlier death to His glorious Resurrection and reign.
2:9, 10 The same principle brought Paul’s imprisonment, that through his work many may obtain the salvation.
2:11–13 Paul reinforces the principle of present suffering followed by future glory with a quotation from an early hymn or confession. His purpose is to call for courage and endurance, even martyrdom, in the service of the Lord.
2:13 Although it is true that Christ remains faithful to His promises, here the statement refers to His faithfulness in carrying out the warning that He will disown us in the presence of the Father “if we [willfully and knowledgeably] deny Him” (v. 12) in the midst of peril or scorn. See Matt. 10:33.
2:14 See section 3 of Truth-In-Action at the end of 2 Tim.
2:15–26 Paul uses the metaphors of an unashamed workman, a clean vessel, and a gentle servant to illustrate the Christian minister.
2:15 See section 1 of Truth-In-Action at the end of 2 Tim.
2:15 Rightly dividing: Paul likens the word of truth to a road being built or a furrow being plowed, both of which must be straight. The good workman must be accurate and clear in his exposition of God’s Word, keeping to the road himself and making it easy for others to follow. The “dividing” of the Word of God does not mean to segment it, but to rightly discern its truth by capturing the spirit of the Word (John 6:63; Heb. 4:12; 1 Cor. 2:13, 14).
2:17, 18 Hymenaeus and Philetus apparently taught that a spiritual rebirth was the only kind of resurrection that would occur.
2:20 Some household utensils are for menial use, and others are for noble use. By use of this metaphor Paul states that in the church there are true and false teachers.
2:21, 22 Christian teachers are to be righteous in character and conduct, because only in their purity will they be fit for the Lord’s work.
2:22 See section 2 of Truth-In-Action at the end of 2 Tim.
2:24–26 See section 3 of Truth-In-Action at the end of 2 Tim.
2:24–26 False teachers are in reality ensnared by the devil, but the gentle correction of the Lord’s servant may lead false teachers to repentance.
3:1–9 Paul exhorts Timothy to continue in the gospel in the face of a great increase of evil. In the last days, the time from the first appearing of Christ until His Second Coming (see note on Acts 2:17; see also 1 Tim. 4:1; Heb. 1:1, 2; 1 Pet. 1:20, 1 John 2:18), people will be characterized by all kinds of self-centered and unnatural perversions. Some will maintain an outward pretense, speaking the vocabulary of Christianity, but refusing the reality that Christian faith expresses (v. 5). The power they deny is the heart of Christianity—the fact of a risen Redeemer, the truth of the inspired Word and the indwelling and overflowing of the Holy Spirit, working within believers and transforming their lives. The false teachers are compared to Jannes and Jambres, Egyptian magicians who opposed Moses because of their base and perverted minds (see Ex. 7).
3:5 See section 3 of Truth-In-Action at the end of 2 Tim.
3:10–17 The religious impostors will steadily degenerate, becoming worse and worse (v. 13), and Timothy will suffer persecution in opposing them (v. 12). However, Timothy has Paul’s own perseverance as an example (vv. 10, 11), and he will also find strength and stability in the Scriptures (vv. 14–17).
3:12 See section 1 of Truth-In-Action at the end of 2 Tim.
3:16 See section 4 of Truth-In-Action at the end of 2 Tim.
3:16 Given by inspiration of God translates the Greek word theopneustos, which literally means “God-breathed.” This is Scripture’s most important statement about itself, meaning that Scripture is the product of God’s creative breath. Therefore, being God’s own utterance, it is properly called “the Word of God.” Here Paul only states the fact of inspiration without explaining its process. Elsewhere he elaborates on the Holy Spirit’s role in the production of the written Word (1 Cor. 2:9–15; see also 2 Pet. 1:21).
4:1 Paul underscores the urgency of his exhortations to Timothy. The Greek word for I charge is used in connection with a solemn and emphatic testimony in a court of law.
4:2 See section 5 of Truth-In-Action at the end of 2 Tim.
4:2 Timothy is to preach the word with equal urgency when circumstances are favorable and when they are unfavorable.
4:3–8 Paul bases his urgent appeal on the fact that people will prefer fables to truth (vv. 3, 4), and on the reality of his imminent death (vv. 6–8). In light of the contemporary situation, Timothy’s responsibility was to be faithful in fulfilling his ministry (v. 5).
4:5 See section 4 of Truth-In-Action at the end of 2 Tim.
4:6 Paul’s death was a sacrifice poured out before God and, as such, enabled him to share the sufferings of Christ.
4:7, 8 Whether Paul regarded his life as a battle, a race, or a test of the truth of the gospel, he had achieved victory. The past, with its many duties, has been completed; the present is secure in faith; the future promises rewards.
4:11 Because of Mark’s early failure in mission work (see Acts 13:13), Paul had spurned him as a deserter and had refused his service (see Acts 15:36–40). However, Mark redeemed his reputation, and Paul now recognized his sincerity and value as a minister.
4:13 Paul needed his cloak in the cold and damp dungeon. The books, or papyrus rolls, may have been portions of the OT. The leather parchments could have been unused material, which Paul wanted for planned writing endeavors; more probably, however, they were sections of the OT, prized highly by Paul, or perhaps even copies of the Lord’s words and early narratives of His life.
4:14 Alexander was possibly the blasphemer mentioned in 1 Tim. 1:20.
4:16, 17 Though men abandoned Paul at his first court hearing, the Lord did not. Evidently Paul was able to use that occasion to preach the gospel. As a Roman citizen, Paul would not be thrown to the lions in the public theater. Delivered out of the mouth of the lion was a figurative way of saying that Satan’s efforts to bring about a premature death for Paul had been averted for the present.
4:18 Paul does not express an immunity to physical ill. On the contrary, he expects death (vv. 6–8), but no attack upon him could do him abiding harm. His death would bring deliverance from suffering and entrance into heaven.
4:19 Paul first met Prisca and Aquila in Corinth (Acts 18:1, 2).
4:20 Erastus was either the treasurer of Corinth (Rom. 16:23) or a messenger whom Paul had sent to Macedonia (Acts 19:22). Trophimus was the Ephesian who had traveled with Paul on the third missionary journey (Acts 20:4). That Paul left him in Miletus sick expresses a mystery concerning healing. Although divine healing is part of the saints’ inheritance (see Matt. 8:14–17), sometimes we are not healed, even when we have prayed in faith and confessed our faith outwardly. The Bible gives no explicit answers to this issue, and the fact that a close associate of an apostle was not healed shows that this reality has existed from the early days of the church. Such a fact should never discourage or introduce doubt to our prayers. It should, however, serve as a guard against presumption or condemnation.
4:21 Timothy may have reached Rome in response to Paul’s appeal, at which time he himself may have been arrested (see Heb. 13:23). Of the others mentioned here, nothing further is known, except for a tradition that Linus was appointed a bishop of Rome.
4:22 The Greek pronoun you is plural, indicating that Paul’s message was to the entire congregation at Ephesus.
CHAPTER 1
1 NU, M Christ Jesus
* See WW at 2 Tim. 1:16.
1 Lit. unhypocritical
* See WW at 1 Pet. 1:22.
* See WW at 1 Cor. 1:7.
a John 14:27; Rom. 8:15; 1 John 4:18
a [Mark 8:38; Luke 9:26; Rom. 1:16]; 2 Tim. 1:12, 16
c Rom. 16:25; Eph. 1:4; Titus 1:2
1 NU omits of the Gentiles
* See WW at 2 Thess. 3:4.
* See WW at Matt. 19:26.
1 to me from Vg., a few Gr. mss.
CHAPTER 2
1 NU You must share
* See WW at Matt. 13:48.
a [2 Pet. 2:20]
a [1 Cor. 9:25]
1 NU the Lord will give you
1 chosen ones
* See WW at Matt. 24:13.
* See WW at 1 Pet. 2:9.
1 battle
1 empty chatter
2 lead
b Num. 16:5; [Nah. 1:7]; John 10:14, 27
1 NU, M the Lord
a 2 Cor. 9:8; [Eph. 2:10]; 2 Tim. 3:17
1 set apart
a Gal. 6:1; Titus 3:2; 1 Pet. 3:15
* See WW at 1 Tim. 6:11.
CHAPTER 3
a 1 Tim. 4:1; 2 Pet. 3:3; 1 John 2:18; Jude 17, 18
1 times of stress
1 irreconcilable
c Matt. 23:3; 2 Thess. 3:6; 1 Tim. 6:5
* See WW at Heb. 10:36.
a [2 Pet. 1:20]
1 training, discipline
CHAPTER 4
1 NU omits therefore
2 NU and by
* See WW at John 18:31.
* See WW at 2 Thess. 1:4.
b [Phil. 1:23]
* See WW at Matt. 13:48.
* See WW at Matt. 1:19.
* See WW at Matt. 22:21.
* See WW at John 20:21.
a Ps. 121:7; [2 Pet. 2:9]
b Rom. 11:36; Gal. 1:5; Heb. 13:21; 2 Pet. 3:18
1 NU omits Jesus Christ