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4 .Vgontzas, A.N., E. Zoumakis, E.O. Bixler, et al. Adverse effects of modest sleep restriction on sleepiness, performance, and inflammatory cytokines. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2004;89:2119-26.
5 National Sleep Foundation. 2005 Sleep in America poll: Summary of findings. Washington, DC: National Sleep Foundation, 2005.
6 National Center for Health Statistics. QuickStats: Percentage of adults who reported an average of ≤6 hours of sleep per 24-hour period, by sex and age group—United States, 1985 and 2004. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2005;54:933.
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9 National Center for Health Statistics. Prevalence of overweight, obesity and extreme obesity among adults: United States, trends 1976-1980 through 2005-2006. Health E-Stat, December 2008. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/overweight/overweight_adult.pdf.
10 National Sleep Foundation. How much sleep do we really need? n.d. http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/how-sleep-works/how-much-sleep-do-we-really-need.
11 Ibid.
12 Institute of Medicine. Sleep disorders and sleep deprivation: An unmet public health problem. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2006.
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16 Williams, J.C., H. Boushey, The three faces of work-family conflict. Center for American Progress, January 25, 2010. http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2010/01/three_faces_report.html.
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19 National Institute of Mental Health. Anxiety disorders. NIH Publication No. 09-3879, 2009. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/anxiety-disorders/complete-index.shtml.
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21 Owens, J., R. Maxim, M. McGuinn, et al. Television-viewing habits and sleep disturbance in school children. Pediatrics 1999;104(3):e27.
22 Kantermann, T., T. Roenneberg. Is light-at-night a health risk factor or a health risk predictor? Chronobiology International 2009;26(6):1069-74.
23 Ibid.
24 Williams, J.C., H. Boushey. The three faces of work-family conflict. Center for American Progress, January 25, 2010. http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2010/01/three_faces_report.html..
25 Patel, S.R., A. Malhotra, D.P. White, et al. Association between reduced sleep and weight gain in women. American Journal of Epidemiology 2006;164:947-54.
26 Gangwisch, J.E., D. Malaspina, B. Boden-Albala, et al. Inadequate sleep as a risk factor for obesity: Analyses of the NHANES I. Sleep 2005;28(10):1289-96.
27 National Sleep Foundation. 2009 Sleep in America poll: Summary of findings. Washington, DC: National Sleep Foundation, 2009. http://www.sleepfoundation.org/sites/default/files/2009%20Sleep%20in%20America%20SOF%20EMBARGOED.pdf.
28 Nedeltcheva, A.V., J. M. Kilkus, J. Imperial, et al. Sleep curtailment is accompanied by increased intake of calories from snacks. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2009;89:126-33.
29 Van Cauter, E., K.L. Knutson. Sleep and the epidemic of obesity in children and adults. European Journal of Endocrinology 2008;159 Suppl 1:S59-66.
30 Nedeltcheva, A.V., J.M. Kilkus, J. Imperial, et al. Sleep curtailment is accompanied by increased intake of calories from snacks. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2009;89(1):126-33.
31 Knutson, K.L. Impact of sleep and sleep loss on glucose homeostasis and appetite regulation. Sleep Medicine Clinics 2007;2(2):187-97.
32 Sanders, L. Lack of sleep has genetic link with type 2 diabetes: Large genomic studies show body rhythms, melatonin may influence sugar levels in the blood. Science News 2007;175: 5, January 3.
33 Van Cauter, E., K.L. Knutson, P.J. Rathouz, et al. Association between sleep and blood pressure in midlife: The CARDIA sleep study. Archives of Internal Medicine 2009;169:1055-61.
34 Antunes, L.C., R. Levandovski, G. Dantas, et al. Obesity and shift work. Nutrition Research Reviews 2010;23(1):155-68.
35 Garaulet, M., J.A. Madrid, Chronobiology, genetics, and metabolic syndrome. Current Opinion in Lipidology 2009;20(2):127-34.
36 Katayose, Y., M. Tasaki, H. Ogata, et al. Metabolic rate and fuel utilization during sleep assessed by whole-body indirect calorimetry. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental 2009;58(7):920-26.
37 Sivak, M. Sleeping more as a way to lose weight. Obesity Reviews 2006;7:295-96.
38 Ferber, R. How to solve your child’s sleep problems. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985.
39 National Center for Health Statistics. QuickStats: Percentage of adults who reported an average of ≤6 hours of sleep per 24-hour period, by sex and age group—United States, 1985 and 2004. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2005;54:933.
40 Redline, S., P. Elbert, P.E. Wright. The association of sleep duration with adolescents’ fat and carbohydrate consumption. Sleep 33(9):1201-9.
41 National Sleep Foundation. Teens and sleep. n.d. http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/sleep-topics/teens-and-sleep.
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2 Breus, M.J. Skin cells and circadian rhythms. Sleep Well, WebMD.com, February 21, 2008. http://blogs.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/2008/02/skin-cells-and-circadian-rhythms.html.
3 Thomson, E.A. Rest easy: MIT study confirms melatonin’s value as sleep aid. MIT News, March 1, 2005. http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2005/melatonin.html.
4 Martin, S.E., H.M. Engleman, I.J. Deary, N.J. Douglas. The effect of sleep fragmentation on daytime function. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1996;153:1328-32.
5 National Women’s Health Information Center. Insomnia: Do more women than men have insomnia? February 17, 2010. https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/insomnia.
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7 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Diseases and conditions index: Restless legs syndrome: Who is at risk for restless legs syndrome? November 2010. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/rls/rls_WhoIsAtRisk.html.
8 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Diseases and conditions index: Restless legs syndrome: Key points. November 2010. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/rls/rls_Summary.html.
9 Hirshkowitz, M., C.A. Moore, C.R. Hamilton, et al. Polysomnography of adults and elderly: Sleep architecture, respiration and leg movement. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 1992;9:56-62.
10 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Diseases and conditions index: Sleep apnea: Who is at risk for sleep apnea? http://https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/sleep-apnea.
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2 Stranges, S., F.P. Cappuccio, N.B. Kandala, et al. Cross-sectional versus prospective associations of sleep duration with changes in relative weight and body fat distribution: The Whitehall II study. American Journal of Epidemiology 2008;167(3):321-29.
3 Singh, M., C.L. Drake, T. Roehrs, et al. The association between obesity and short sleep duration: A population-based study. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 2005;1:357-63.
4 Taheri, S., L. Lin, D. Austin, et al. Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index. PLoS Medicine 1(3):e62. http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0010062#pmed-0010062-t002.
5 Katayose, Y., M. Tasaki, H. Ogata, et al. Metabolic rate and fuel utilization during sleep assessed by whole-body indirect calorimetry. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental 58(7):920-26.
6 Nedeltcheva, A.V., J.M. Kilkus, J. Imperial, et al. Insufficient sleep undermines dietary efforts to reduce adiposity. Annals of Internal Medicine 2010;153(7):435-41.
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11 Ibid.
12 Ibid.
13 Wang, J., A. Akabayashi, J. Dourmashkin, et al. Neuropeptide Y in relation to carbohydrate intake, corticosterone and dietary obesity. Brain Research 1998;802(1-2):75-88.
14 Epel, E.S., B. McEwen, T. Seeman, et al. Stress and body shape: Stress-induced cortisol secretion is consistently greater among women with central fat. Psychosomatic Medicine 2000;62(5):623-32.
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16 Tchernof, A., A. Nolan, C.K. Sites, et al. Weight loss reduces C-reactive protein levels in obese postmenopausal women. Circulation 2002;105(5):564-69.
17 American Psychological Association. Stress in America. October 7, 2008. http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2008/10/stress-in-america.pdf.
18 Nedeltcheva, A.V., J.M. Kilkus, J. Imperial, et al. Sleep curtailment is accompanied by increased intake of calories from snacks. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2009;89(1):126-33.
19 Tang-Christensen, M., N. Vrang, S. Ortmann, et al. Central administration of ghrelin and agouti-related protein (83-132) increases food intake and decreases spontaneous locomotor activity in rats. Endocrinology 2004;145:4645-52.
20 Schmid, S.M., M. Hallschmid, K. Jauch-Chara, et al. Short-term sleep loss decreases physical activity under free living conditions but does not increase food intake under time-deprived laboratory conditions in healthy men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2009;90:1476-82.
21 Briones, B., N. Adams, M. Strauss, et al. Relationship between sleepiness and general health status. Sleep 1996;19:583-88.
1 National Sleep Foundation. Menopause and sleep. n.d. http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/sleep-topics/menopause-and-sleep.
2 National Center on Sleep Disorders Research. Sleep, sex differences, and women’s health. 2003 National Sleep Disorders Research Plan, July 2003. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/sleep/res_plan/section4/section4a.html [inactive].
3 Phillips, B., N.A. Collop, C. Drake, et al. Sleep disorders and medical conditions in women. Journal of Women’s Health (Larchmont) 2008;17(7):1191-99.
4 Young, T., D. Rabago, A. Zgierska, et al. Objective and subjective sleep quality in premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. Sleep 2003;6(6):667-72.
5 Ikehara, S., H. Iso, C. Date, et al. Association of sleep duration with mortality from cardiovascular disease and other causes for Japanese men and women: The JACC study. Sleep 2009;32:295-301.
6 Coyne, M.D., C.M. Kesick, T.J. Doherty, et al. Circadian rhythm changes in core temperature over the menstrual cycle: Method for noninvasive monitoring. American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2000; 279:R1316-20.
7 Van Cauter, E., R. Leproult, D.J. Kupfer. Effects of gender and age on the levels and circadian rhythmicity of plasma cortisol. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1996;81:2468-73.
8 National Sleep Research Project. 40 facts about sleep you probably didn’t know. n.d. http://www.abc.net.au/science/sleep/facts.htm.
9 Silber, B.Y., J. A. Schmitt. Effects of tryptophan loading on human cognition, mood and sleep. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 2010;34(3):387-407.
10 National Sleep Foundation. 2007 Sleep in America poll: Women and sleep. n.d. http://www.sleepfoundation.org/sites/default/files/Summary_Of_Findings%20-%20FINAL.pdf.
11 Thys-Jacobs, S., P. Starkey, D. Bernstein, et al. Calcium carbonate and the premenstrual syndrome: Effects on premenstrual and menstrual symptoms. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1998;179(2):444-52.
12 Singleton, G. Premenstrual disorders in adolescent females—Integrative management. Australian Family Physician 2007;36(8):629-30.
13 Mizuno, S., T. Mihara, T. Miyaoka, et al. CSF iron, ferritin and transferrin levels in restless legs syndrome. Journal of Sleep Research 2005;14(1):43-47.
14 Kwan, I., J.L. Onwude. Premenstrual syndrome. Clinical Evidence (Online) 2007 May 1;2007:0806.
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16 Ibid.
17 Kwan, I., J.L. Onwude. Premenstrual syndrome. Clinical Evidence (Online) 2007 May 1;2007:0806.
18 Baker, F.C., T.L. Kahan, J. Trinder, I.M. Colrain. Sleep quality and the sleep electroencephalogram in women with severe premenstrual syndrome. Sleep 2007;30(10):1283-91.
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20 National Sleep Foundation. Pregnancy and sleep. n.d. http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/sleep-topics/pregnancy-and-sleep.
21 Ibid.
22 Gunderson, E., S.L. Rifas-Shiman, E. Oken, et al. Association of fewer hours of sleep at 6 months postpartum with substantial weight retention at 1 year postpartum. American Journal of Epidemiology 2008;167(2):178-87.
23 National Sleep Foundation. Stressed-out American women have no time for sleep. March 6, 2007. http://www.sleepfoundation.org/sites/default/files/Poll [inactive] Release—FINAL.pdf. [press release]
24 National Women’s Health Information Center. Depression during and after pregnancy. March 6, 2009. https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/depression-during-and-after-pregnancy.
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26 Bennett, S., M. Alpert, V. Kubulins, R. Hansler. Use of modified spectacles and light bulbs to block blue light at night may prevent postpartum depression. Medical Hypotheses 2009;73:251-53.
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29 National Sleep Foundation. Stressed-out American women have no time for sleep. March 6, 2007. http://www.sleepfoundation.org/sites/default/files/Poll [inactive] Release—FINAL.pdf. [press release]
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31 Nelson, H. D., E. Haney, L. Humphrey, et al. Management of Menopause-Related Symptoms. Evidence Reports/Technology Assessments, No. 120. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2005 Mar. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK37767/ [inactive]
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34 National Sleep Foundation. 2007 Sleep in America poll: Women and sleep. n.d. http://www.sleepfoundation.org/sites/default/files/Summary_Of_Findings%20-%20FINAL.pdf.
35 Ohayon, M.M. Severe hot flashes are associated with chronic insomnia. Archives of Internal Medicine 2006;166(12):1262-68.
36 Nowakowski, S., C.J. Meliska, L.F. Martinez, B.L. Parry. Sleep and menopause. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 2009;9(2):165-72.
37 Dancey, D., P. Hanly, C. Soong, et al. Impact of menopause on the prevalence and severity of sleep apnea. Chest 2001;120:151-55.
38 Young, T., D. Rabago, A. Zgierska, et al. Objective and subjective sleep quality in premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. Sleep 2003;26(6):667-72.
39 Raymann, R.J.E.M., E.J.W. Van Someren. Diminished capability to recognize the optimal temperature for sleep initiation may contribute to poor sleep in elderly people. Sleep 2008;31(9):1301-9.
40 Ibid.
41 Ibid.
42 Ibid.
43 Parmeggiani, P.L. Temperature regulation during sleep: A study in homeostasis. In Orem J, Barnes CD (eds). Physiology in sleep. New York: Academic Press, 1980. pp. 98-143.
44 National Sleep Foundation. 2007 Sleep in America poll: Women and sleep. n.d. http://www.sleepfoundation.org/sites/default/files/Summary_Of_Findings%20-%20FINAL.pdf
45 National Sleep Foundation. Menopause and sleep. n.d. http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/sleep-topics/menopause-and-sleep.
46 Murphy, P.J., S.S. Campbell. Sex hormones, sleep, and core body temperature in older postmenopausal women. Sleep 2007;30(12):1788-94.
47 Ibid.
48 Dancy, D.R., P.J. Hanly, C. Soong, et al. Impact of menopause on the prevalence and severity of sleep apnea. Chest 2001;120:151-155.
49 Ibid.
50 Young, T., P.E. Peppard, D.J. Gottlieb. Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2002;165:1217-39.
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4 American Psychological Association. Stress in America: October 7, 2008. http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2008/10/stress-in-america.pdf.
5 Ibid.
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7 He, Y., C.R. Jones, N. Fujiki, et al. The transcriptional repressor DEC2 regulates sleep length in mammals. Science 2009;325(5942):866-70.
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2 National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Diseases and conditions index: Sleep apnea. August 2010. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/SleepApnea/SleepApnea_WhatIs.html.
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4 Blumenthal, M., A. Goldberg, J. Brinckmann. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications, 2000. pp. 226-29.
5 Ibid.
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