ABCA13 gene
ABCA13 transporter
Abrahams, B. S.
Achondroplastic dwarfism
Adoption studies, genetic factors and
African Americans: HSV-2 and CPP study; maternal stress and; vitamin D deficiency and
AKT1
AKT1 gene
Albee, G. W.
Almeida, S. S.
Alzheimer’s disease
American Journal of Psychiatry,
Amphetamine
Angelman syndrome
Anorlu, R. I.
Anoxia. See Hypoxia, of offspring
Antagonist pleiotrophy
Antibody markers, maternal infection studies and
Antigenic drift/antigenetic shift
Antipsychotic drugs: early use and amelioration of disease progression; epigenetics and; maternal infection, animal studies; maternal stress; toxic versus therapeutic effects
Anxiety-related behaviors, prenatal protein malnutrition and
Arnone, D.
ASTN2 gene
Auroux, M.
Autism: copy number variation; maternal infection; paternal age; pleiotropy and overlap with schizophrenia
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
Bacterial artificial chromosome probe-based array–comparative genomic hybridization (BAC-CGH)
Bacterial infection. See Maternal infection entries
Balancing selection
Barrier contraceptives, maternal infection prevention and
BDNF gene
Behavior, of offspring: maternal stress and; in NRG1 and ERBB4 mutant mice; in overexpressing NRG1 mice; prenatal protein malnutrition and changes in; prenatal protein malnutrition and pharmacological challenges
Benzodiazepines, prenatal protein malnutrition and
Bethus, I.
Bhattacharyya, S.
Bipolar disorder: Cavan-Monaghan First Episode Psychosis Study; genetics; Kraepelinian dichotomy between schizophrenia and; obstetric complications; pleiotropy and overlap with schizophrenia; prepulse inhibition
Birth weight. See Low birth weight (LBW)
Blackwood, D. H.
Borghese, C. M.
Bossong, M. G.
Bradford Hill criteria for causality
Brain development: DVD-deficient rat model, 288f, 292t; maternal stress and; vitamin D and
Brain structure and function; cannabis use; epigenesis and postmortem studies; in NRG1 and ERBB4 mutant mice; obstetric complications; prenatal protein malnutrition
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
Bramon, E.
Brandao, M. L.
Breast-feeding, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and
Broman, S. H.
Brown, A. S.
BTN3A1 gene
BTN3A2 gene
Budney, A. J.
Burdick, K. E.
Buss, C.
Byrne, M.
C. rectus,
CACNA1C gene
Camargo, L. M.
Cannabis, use of; brain structure and function; dependency issues and psychosis treatment; epidemiology of psychosis and; experimental studies; future research directions; genetics and; mechanics of effect of
Cannibidol (CBD)
Cannon, M.
Cannon, T. D.
Carter, C. J.
Caspi, A.,
Castanon-Cervantes, O.
Catecholamines, maternal stress and
Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), cannabis use, copy number variation; vitamin D deficiency
Cavan-Monaghan First Episode Psychosis Study (CAMFEPS),
Cavum septum pellucidum (CSP), maternal infection studies and
CB1 cannabis receptor
CDR2 gene
Cerebral palsy
Chandelier interneurons
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Syndrome
Chen, J. C.
Chinese famine, prenatal nutrition and
Chorioamnionitis, cytokines and
Christchurch Study, of cannabis use,
CHRNA7 gene
Chromatin remodeling
Chromosome Abnormality Database (CAD)
Cigarette smoking Cintra, L.
Circadian rhythms, behavior changes and prenatal protein malnutrition
Clozapine
CNTNAP2 gene,
CNTNAP2 protein
Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP),
Common disease–common allele (CDCA) hypothesist
Common disease–rare allele (CDRA) hypothesist
Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE),
Congenital anomalies, as evidence for early developmental disturbance
Conrad, D. F.
Copy number variants (CNVs): candidate risk genes; DISC1 and; in human genome, generally; paternal age; pathogenesis and causality; prenatal nutrition; in schizophrenia generally
Corticosteroids, maternal stress and
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), maternal stress and
CpG dinucleotides
CpG hypermethylation or hypomethylation
Craniofacial dysmorphology: distinguishing bipolar patients from schizophrenic, ; as evidence for early developmental disturbance; trajectory of
Cretinism, prenatal nutrition and
Cross-fostering, to reverse effects of maternal stress
Crow, T. J.
CTNND2 gene
Cytokines: maternal infection; maternal infection, animal studies; maternal stress
Darwinian paradox
Database of Chromosomal Imbalance and Phenotype in Humans using Ensembl Resources (DECIPHER)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV)
Death, maternal stress and,
Defective chorionic villous vascularization,
Δ9-THC Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol). See Cannabis, use of
Dementia praecox
Depression; cannabis use; DISC1 and; maternal stress; schizophrenia contrasted to major
Developmental Insult and Brain Anomaly in Schizophrenia Study (DIBS)
Dexamethasone (Dex), maternal stress and,
Di Forti, M.
Diathesis stress model
Diazepam
DICER1 enzyme
DISC1 gene; as causal risk factor; future research directions; maternal infection and; other genes for schizophrenia and; positional cloning of; role in neurodevelopment and neurosignaling; as target for interventions
DISC2 gene
Disconnectivity, as basis of neuronal network dysfunction
DNA methylation maternal infection; maternal stress; prenatal protein malnutrition
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), prenatal nutrition and
Done, D. J.
Dopamine (DA); maternal stress; NRG1 and signaling; pathobiology of schizophrenia; prenatal protein malnutrition; vitamin D deficiency.
Drug abuse, prenatal protein malnutrition and
D’Souza, D. C.
DTNBP1 gene
Duan, X.
Dunedin study, of cannabis use
Duran, P.
Dutch Hunger Winter, prenatal nutrition
DVD-deficiency. See Vitamin D deficiency
E. coli
Early developmental disturbance, as origin of schizophrenia; “hard” evidence for; indirect evidence for; nature of
Ebner, F.
EEF2K kinase
eIF4E translation inhibition factor
Ellman, L. M.
Enomoto, A.
Environmental enrichments, to reverse effects of maternal stress
EphBI gene
Epidemiology: Cavan-Monaghan First Episode Psychosis Study; paternal age
Epigenetics; animal models, covalent histone modifications; DNA methylation; future research directions; heritability and; neurodevelopmental hypothesis and; paternal age; postmortem brain studies; prenatal nutrition; prenatal protein malnutrition
Epimutation
ERBB4 gene, See also NRG1 and
ERBB4 genes, mutant models of Ethnicity, maternal stress and, See also African Americans
European Cytogeneticists Association Register of Unbalanced Chromosome Aberrations (ECARUCA)
Event-related potentional (ERP) P300
F. nucleatum
Facial dysmorphology. See Craniofacial dysmorphology
Falkai, P.
Familial schizophrenia; copy number variant; paternal age Famines, prenatal nutrition and,
Fatjo-Vilas, M.
Fatty acids. See n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)
Fearon, P.
Felden, J.
Fetal infection. See Maternal infection entries
FGF-2 fibroblast growth factor
FMRP1 protein
Folate: maternal stress, prenatal nutrition,
Fragile X mental retardation1 (FMR1)
Francolin-Silva, A. L.
Frankova, S.
GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons: cannabis use and NRG1 and; NRG1 and ERBB4 and
GABAergic gene promoters (GAD1/GAD2/NPY/SST)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid, prenatal protein malnutrition and
Geddes, J. R.
Gender, effects of maternal stress and
Gene-environment interaction: maternal infection; obstetric complications,
Genetic architecture; cannabis use; copy number variation; copy number variation, candidate risk genes; copy number variation in human genome; copy number variation’s pathogenic nature; future research directions; mutant mice modeling; obstetric complications; paternal age; prenatal nutrition; of psychiatric disorders generally
Genetics; complexity of; Darwinian paradox and; early gene association studies; evidence for environmental factors; evidence for genetic factors; future research directions and challenges; genomewide association studies, for schizophrenia; genomewide association studies, generally; genomewide association studies, major histocompatibility complex locus; genomewide association studies, non-major histocompatibility complex locus; linkage and; pleiotropy and overlap with other disorders; polygeneic contributions to schizophrenia
Genital-reproductive infection
Genomewide association studies (GWAS). See under Genetics
Genomewide significance threshold
Genomic imprinting
Gestational diabetes, prenatal nutrition and
Gestational hypertension, maternal stress
Gingrich, Jay
Girdin
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
Glucocorticoid (GC), maternal stress and. See also Dexamethasone (Dex)
Glutamate
Glutamatergic plasticity
GRIK4 receptor
GRM3 gene
GSK3α
H2A histone
H2B histone
H3 histone
H3-lysine 9 (H3K9) histone methylation
H4 histone
Hakak, Y.
Hallucinations
Haloperidol
Hammoud, S. S.
Handling, to reverse effects of maternal stress
Handoko, H.
Haney, M.
HapMap project
Harrison, P. J.
Hatch, M. C.
Hauser, J.
Hennah, W.
Henquet, C.
Heritable germ-line epimutation
Herman, D. B.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), maternal infection and
Hersch, S. P.
Heterozygote advantage
Hippocampus, prenatal protein malnutrition and
HIST1H2AH gene
Histone modifications
Homocysteine: maternal stress and prenatal nutrition and
HPA axis, maternal stress and,
Human Genome Project
Huttunen, M. O
Hyperbilirubinemia
Hyperlocomotion
Hypertension, maternal stress and
Hypoxia, of offspring
Iafrate, A. J.
Icelandic risk haplotype
Immune dysregulation
Immune system, maternal stress and,
Infection. See Maternal infection entries
Influenza: maternal infection; maternal stress
Ingason, A.
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (igf2) gene, prenatal nutrition and
Intelligence, parental age and
Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
Interleukin-4 (IL-4)
Interleukin-6 (IL-6): maternal infection; maternal infection, animal studies; maternal stress
Interleukin-8 (IL-8)
Interleukin-10 (IL-10): maternal infection, animal studies; maternal stress
International Schizophrenia Consortium (ISC)
Iodine, prenatal nutrition and
Iron: maternal stress; prenatal nutrition
Ischemia
Iwuala, N. C.
Jaaro-Peled, H.
Jablensky, A. V.
Jerusalem Perinatal Study (JPS)
Jones, P. B.
Kaij, J.
Kamiya, A.
Khashan, A. S.
Kim, J. Y.
Kirov, G.
Knobloch, H.
Koenig, J. I.
Kraepelin, Emil
Kraepelinian dichotomy
Landsbergis, P. A.
Lane, E. A.
Latent inhibition (LI); maternal stress; in NRG1 and ERBB4 mutant mice
Lateral ventricles, enlargement of in NRG1 and ERBB4 mutant mice
Laviola, G.
Lawrie, S. M.
Learning and working memory, deficits in NRG1 and ERBB4 mutant mice,
Lehmann, J.
Lewis, S. W.
Lewis-Murray scale
Lifetime trajectory schema maternal infection and periods of vulnerability; sequence of events
Linkage disequilibrium (LD)
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), maternal immune activation with
L-methionine
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH)
Low birth weight (LBW): maternal stress obstetric complications
LRRTM1 gene
Lysine residues, methylation of
Macronutrient deficiencies, prenatal nutrition and
Maize, epigenetic inheritance in
Major depression. See Depression
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC): major and genomewide association studies maternal infection; non-major and genomewide association studies
Malaspina, D.
Malnutrition. See Prenatal nutrition; Prenatal protein malnutrition
Malondialdehyde (MDA), prenatal nutrition
Manic-depressive psychoses
Mao, Y.
Mata, I.
Maternal age
Maternal body mass index (BMI), prenatal nutrition and
Maternal infection, animal models; assaying for positive symptoms of schizophrenia; future research directions; maternal immune activation (MIA) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS); maternal immune activation (MIA) with Poly(I:C) nonhuman primate models; periodontal bacteria; respiratory infection; vaccination and
Maternal infection, as environmental risk birth cohort studies common pathways between infection and risk; ecologic data studies; future research directions genetic vulnerability and; maternal stress and preventive approaches
Maternal nutrition. See Prenatal nutrition Prenatal protein malnutrition
Maternal stress, animal models; effects on behavior; effects on brain development; future research directions; immune system and; major depression versus schizophrenia; molecular mediators of; reversing effects of; timing of stress Maternal stress, as environmental factor; childhood outcomes; DNA modification and; epidemiological studies ethnic and racial differences in responses to; fetal growth and; future research directions; hypoxia-associated complications; immune functioning and
McCabe, K. D.
McCarthy, S. E.
McNeil, T. F.
Measles
Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS)
Mednick, S. A.
Mendelian Cytogenetics Network Online Database
Methionine
Methyl donor s-adenosylmethionine (SAM)
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), prenatal nutrition and
Micronutrient deficiencies, prenatal,
Mill, J.
Millar, J. K.
Mismatch negativity (MMN), in NRG1 and ERBB4 mutant mice
Mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) pathways
MK-801, prenatal protein malnutrition and,
Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia (MGS)
Monoallelic expression
Moore, T. H.
Moreno, D.
Morrison, P. D.
Murray, R. M.
Mutation rates, Darwinian paradox and,
Myelination, NRG1 and
Myhrman, A.
MYT1L gene
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), prenatal nutrition and
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) antioxidant
Natural selection, Darwinian paradox and schizophrenia
NDE1 gene
NDEL1 protein
Neural tube defects (NTDs)
Neuregulin proteins, maternal infection and. See also NRG1 and ERBB4 genes, mutant models of
Neurochemical abnormalities
Neurodevelopmental hypothesis, obstetric complications and
Neuroimaging, structural brain abnormalities and
Neuronal cytoarchitecture
Neuropathology
Neuropeptides, maternal stress and
Neutrotropines, maternal stress and
Nicholson, R.
Nicodemus, K. K.
Niskanen, P.
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)
NPAS3 neuronal transcription factor
NRG1 and ERBB4 genes, mutant models of; anatomic/structural defects and alterations in synaptic functions; behavioral abnormalities; future research directions; mutant mouse models; NRG1 and neurotransmission; NRG1 signaling through ERBB, 383; NRG1 structure and function; proteolytic processing of NRG1, as schizophrenia susceptibility genes
NRG3 gene
NRGN gene
NRXN1 gene
Nutrition. See Prenatal nutrition; Prenatal protein malnutrition
NXPH2 gene
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Obstetric complications (OCs); childhood onset studies; future research directions; genetic risk and; genetic-environmental interactions high-risk studies; historical perspective; neurodevelopmental hypothesis and other psychotics disorders and symptoms; pathways and mechanisms of action population-based cohort studies; specific individual complication studies
O’Donavan, M. C.
Odum, C. U.
Ogendhal, B. K.
Owen, M. J.
Oxytocin
P. gingivalis,
Paramutation, in plants
PARK2 gene
Pasamanick, Benjamin
Paternal age; animal and human models epidemiological evidence, familial schizophrenia and future research directions; genetic and epigenetic mechanisms,
Pathobiology of schizophrenia
PDE4
PDE4B gene
PDE4D gene
Periodontal bacteria, maternal infection and
Periventricular leukomalacia, cytokines and,
Phillips, D. I.
Physical anomalies: as evidence for early developmental disturbance; obstetric complications and
Pickard, B. S.
Pitt-Hopkins syndrome,
Pollack, Max
Polygenic mutation-selection balance
Poly(I:C) model of maternal immune activation
Polymorphisms, prenatal nutrition and,
Population-attributable proportion (PAP)
Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Prabakaran, S.
Prader-Willi syndrome
Preeclampsia: maternal stress; prenatal nutrition
Prenatal infection. See Maternal infection entries
Prenatal nutrition; famine and future research directions; micronutrient deficiency n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; possible mechanisms; protein-calorie malnutrition; physiological consequences; trace metals and
Prenatal protein malnutrition; behavioral responses to pharmacological challenges; cognitive function and; effects on developing nervous system; effects on rodent behavior epigenentics’ role; future research directions; neurodevelopmental hypothesis and; sleep abnormalities and
Prepulse inhibition (PPI): maternal infection; maternal stress; in NRG1 and ERBB4 mutant mice; prenatal nutrition
Progression, enigma of schizophrenia’s
Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM)
PRSS gene
Pryce, C. R.
Psychiatric GWAS Consortium (PGC)
Psychotic ideation, in lifetime trajectory schema
Psychotic illnesses, breadth of,
Purkinje cells
Pyelonephritis, maternal infection and
Race, maternal stress and, See also African Americans
Rais, M.
Ranade, S. C.
Rapamycin
RAPGEF2 gene
RAPGEF6 gene
Redon, R.
REELIN glycoprotein
Representational oligonucleotide microarray analysis (ROMA)
Respiratory viral infections, maternal animal studies; maternal stress and
Retinoids, prenatal nutrition and
Rieder, R. O.
Rifkin, L.
Rolipram
Rosa, A.
Rosanoff, Aaron
Rosenthal, D.
Rubella, maternal infection and
Sacker, A.
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)
Sawa, Akira
Schaefer, C.
Schizoaffective disorder Schizophrenia, developmental neuroscience and pathobiology; breadth of psychotic illness and; developmental origins enigma of “progression” of; lifetime trajectory schema and; pathobiology
Schizophrenia Genetics Consortium (SGENE),
“Schizophrenia spectrum” diagnoses,
Schlotz, W.
Schmidt-Kastner R.
Scott, J.
Scottish t(1;11) family, DISC1 and
Seasonality of birth: maternal infection; prenatal nutrition
Sebat, J.
Selenium, prenatal nutrition and
Serotonin (5-HT): maternal stress; prenatal protein malnutrition
Shalev, U.
Sikkema, J. M.
Silver-Russell syndrome
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); in early gene association studies in genomewide association studies,
Sleep abnormalities, behavior changes and prenatal protein malnutrition
Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants
Smith, G.
Smith, S. E.
Smoking, of cigarettes. See also Cannabis, use of
Social interaction: behavior changes and prenatal protein malnutrition; impaired in NRG1 and ERBB4 mutant mice
Socioeconomic status, paternal age and
Song, W.
Spermatogenesis, paternal age and
Spine density, decreased in mutant mice,
Sporadic schizophrenia,
St Clair, D.
Stefansson, H.
Stohr, T.
Stokes, P. R. A.
Stress. See Maternal stress entries
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, prenatal protein malnutrition and
Susser, E.
Swedish Army Study, of cannabis use
TCF4 (transcription factor 4) 1000 Genomes Project Torrey, E. F.
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), 36t,
Tramer, M.
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
Trinucleotide repeat disorders
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α): maternal infection; maternal stress
Turner’s syndrome
microdeletion
Twin studies,
Type 1 diabetes (T1D)
Unwanted pregnancy, maternal stress and
Vaccination, maternal infection prevention
Val158Met, cannabis use and,
Varicella-zoster
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin D deficiency brain development DVD-deficient rat model, future research directions and public health relevance
Vitamin K
Vollebregt, K. C.
Wadhwa, P. D.
Wahlbeck, K.
Walsh, T.
Wang, X.
Watkins, A. J
Weinberger, D. R.
Weiner, I.
Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium (WTCCC)
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Woerner, Margaret
X-chromosome inactivation, paternal age
Xiong, X.
Xu, B.
Yucel, M.
Zammit, S.
Zinc, prenatal nutrition and
ZNF804A gene