NOTES

Images

Introduction

xi:    “a punishing, postwar recession,” Miller, Donald L., p. 115.

xii:   “When will hate be exhausted?”, quoted in McAuliffe, p. 309.

xii:   “shallow, depraved, and corrupt,” Bryson, p. 68.

xii:   “some kind of radical depletion,” quoted in Niven, p. 166.

xii:   “Neither race had won,” Fussell, p. 13.

xiv:  “Prohibition is better,” and “Why don’t they pass,” www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/prohibition.html.

Chapter One: “Two Sheets of Flame”

3:     “was very short and stocky,” Bryson, p. 282.

5:     “technology of haste,” Boorstin, p. 102.

5:     “with little regard to safety,” ibid., p. 103.

6:     “a national disgrace,” and “made of dirt,” Winchester, p. 282.

6:     “By the final decade,” McFarland, p. 31.

7:     “a small ‘mobilization army,’” www.history.army.mil/books/AMH-V2/AMH%20V2/chapter2.htm.

9:     “For millions of people,” McCullough, p. 614.

9:     “Wall Street seemed to be,” Gage, p. 18.

9:     “Sales and re-sales,” WSJ, July 4, 1919.

10:   “the sidewalks were as usual thronged,” Sullivan, United States, p. 176.

10:   “aggregation of ingenuity,” and “powered the unprecedented,” McFarland, p. 231.

11:   “While in Juneau Tuesday,” NYT, July 16, 1920.

11:   “little correspondence,” and, “inflated rises,” Bryson, p. 208.

12:   “Fluctuations in sugar,” MWS, p. 13.

13:   “the explosion darkened the area,” Brooks, p. 1.

13:   “That was the loudest noise,” quoted in Gage, p. 31.

13:   “I was sitting at my desk,” quoted in ibid., p. 32.

13:   “was at the southeast corner,” quoted in ibid., pp. 31–2.

13:   “‘he felt a concussion,” Nasaw, Patriarch, p. 69.

13:   “was lifted completely,” ibid., p. 31.

14:   “Survivors on the street,” Brooks, p. 5.

14:   “was hurled down the steps,” Gage, p. 32.

14:   “For several blocks,” Sullivan, p. 177.

14:   “A nearby automobile,” NYP, “Wall Street’s Unsolved Bombing Mystery,” Richard Bryk, March 26, 2001. Posted in Breaking News, Posts.

14:   “as nine-tenths of a billion dollars,” Brooks, p. 9.

Chapter Two: Homeland Security

20:   “The joint session,” quoted in Reed, pp. 270–271.

21:   “were found to be carrying,” and “neither man had been arrested,” Bryson, 275.

22:   “one of the most notorious anarchists,” quoted in Gage, p. 207.

22:   “licking the altars,” quoted in Bryson, p. 280.

23:   “With his neatly trimmed beard,” Gage, p. 208.

23:   “hatred of capitalism,” Avrich, Portraits, p. 167.

24:   “[o]ne of the most difficult,” Avrich, Sacco and Vanzetti, p. 209.

24:   “Mrs. Martin’s linen closet,” Wade, p. 33.

25:   “in caves in the bowels,” quoted in ibid., p. 43.

27:   “blaze of revolution,” and “like a prairie fire,” quoted in ibid., p. 165.

27:   “announced that a plot,” Daniels, p. 46.

27:   “as if something,” quoted in Bryson, p. 278.

27:   “Alice [Roosevelt] Longworth,” ibid., p. 46.

27:   “a terrific explosion,” Murray, Red Scare, p. 78.

28:   “This was a big loss,” Bryson, p. 279.

28:   “The more I think of it,” quoted in Coben, p. 71.

29:   “initiated the first,” Gage, p. 120.

29:   “most spectacular,” Moore, p. 227.

30:   “2,000 REDS ARRESTED,” NYW, January 3, 1920, p. 1.

30:   “Meetings wide open,” NYT, January 3, 1920, p. 1.

30:   “I was sent up,” quoted in Coben, pp. 228–9.

30:   “some six thousand to ten thousand,” Bryson, p. 281.

31:   “There is no time,” WP, January 4, 1920, p. 4.

31:   “The January raids,” Murray, Red Scare, p. 217.

31:   “halted the advance,” ibid., p. 217.

32:   “only 762 were ordered deported,” Cannato, pp. 326–7.

32:   “By then,” ibid., p. 326.

32:   “many domestic radicals,” Murray, Red Scare, p. 240.

32:   “complete collapse,” and “The Attorney-General,” quoted in Coben, p. 222.

33:   “one-legged, one-armed,” NYW, November 25, 1919.

33:   “perpetual joke,” ibid.

33:   “The passport regulations,” NYT, July 18, 1920.

Chapter Three: The Long, Black Night of the Spirits

40:   “I came unexpectedly,” quoted in Kobler, p. 119.

40:   “east to Wheeling,” Burns, Spirits, p. 105.

41:   “Sometimes bartenders baptized,” ibid., p. 106.

42:   “organized mother love,” WCTU.

42:   “Tremble, King Alcohol,” and “Young Man,” WCTU.

43:   “locomotive in trousers,” quoted in Asinof, p. 227.

44:   “One day a laborer,” Burns, Spirits, p. 154.

45:   “informed that there are,” quoted in Behr, p. 69.

45:   “pleaded, they wheedled,” Mordden, p. 142.

45:   “actually purchased,” Burns, Spirits, p. 159.

46:   “I do it the way,” Mordden, p. 142.

46:   “controlled six Congresses,” quoted in Steuart, p. 11.

46:   “demanding that a worldwide prohibition,” Burns, Spirits, p. 158.

48:   “[t]he air became thick,” ibid., pp. 190–1.

49:   “He blended two parts,” Perrett, p. 176.

50:   “Last Sunday I manufactured,” quoted in Mordden, p. 147.

50:   “Mother’s in the kitchen,” Kobler, p. 238.

51:   “In southern Florida,” Perrett, p. 175.

51:   “To get started,” adapted and condensed from Burns, Spirits, pp. 195–6.

52:   “Appointments varied, of course,” Burns, Spirits, p. 199.

53:   “The headwaiters,” Miller, Donald L., p. 124.

53:   “Door fitters were in especial demand,” Lee, pp. 55–6.

54:   “never saw corpses,” quoted in Furnas, Great Times, p. 353.

54:   “speak softly shop,” quoted in Cashman, p. 43.

54:   “Hush! Don’t ’ee sing so loud,” Hardy, p. 26.

54:   “Robert Benchley,” Mordden, p. 134.

54:   “[f]ederal officials believed,” Burns, Spirits, p. 197.

55:   “People made jokes,” Burns, Spirits, p. 199.

55:   “it took money,” This Fabulous Century, p. 160.

55:   “New York speakeasy owners,” Cashman, p. 44.

56:   “[O]rganized crime afflicted,” Fox, p. 11.

56:   “Nothing like it,” Dash, p. 268.

57:   “a tightening of the throat,” Bryson, p. 160.

Chapter Four: Resolutions and Sentiments

59:   “There is but one way,” quoted in Parrish, pp. 138–9.

59:   “a reward for what women,” Cantor, p. 151.

60:   “a large property owner,” Gurko, pp. 23–4.

60:   “The governor, in response,” Tindall, Volume I, pp. 92–3.

60:   “In some colonies,” Gurko, p. 24.

61:   “When, in the course of human events,” and following quotes from the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions, DSR, unpaginated.

63:   “It was argued,” Gurko, p. 101.

65:   “The precedent was so unusual,” ibid., p. 72.

66:   “protested her disenfranchisement,” ibid.

66:   “With my own teeth,” quoted in Gordon and Radway, pp. 157–8.

66:   “Ever the innovator,” Weatherford, p. 165.

66:   “[T]all and slender,” ibid., p. 113.

67:   “to take the responsibility,” ibid., p. 250.

67:   “had the incredible experience,” ibid., p. 251.

67:   “The women who had voted,” ibid., p. 254.

67:   “Knowing that she would be tried,” Seldes, p. 280.

68:   “white and frail,” ibid., p. 179.

68:   “To think I have had,” quoted in www.biography.com/people/susan-b-anthony-194905.

68:   “Both the organized women’s movement,” Cooper, Jr., p. 63.

Chapter Five: Civil Wrongs

70:   “We were all poor,” and “churchpeople, thieves,” and “a woman hollered,” quoted in Bergreen, p. 15.

70:   “Chastized as the devil’s music,” Gioia, p. 31.

70:   “Does Jazz Put the Sin,” quoted in Bryson, p. 69.

70:   “Those Baptist rhythms,” Gioia, p. 31.

70:   “[Buddy] Bolden,” ibid., p. 31.

71:   “the mournful energy,” Moore, p. 45.

71:   “entered just a fraction,” Bergreen, p. 205.

72:   “transformed whatever piece,” ibid.

72:   “put a new piece together,” quoted in Bergreen, p. 128.

73:   “He really did perform,” Teachout, p. 15.

74:   “The black population in Northern cities,” Green, p. 98.

75:   “The French allied forces,” Horton, p. 161.

75:   “About 2 A.M.,” www.northcarolinaroom.wordpress.com/2012/02/23/the-battle-of-henry-johnson.

76:   “I am of the opinion,” SEP, August 24, 1918.

77:   “In Chicago,” Weinberg, p. 213.

78:   “learned about the colonization,” Archer, p. 85.

78:   “But when Marcus Garvey,” Grant, p. 184.

79:   “I am President-General,” quoted in ibid., pp. 77–8.

79:   “eventually claimed a circulation,” Archer, p. 94

80:   “did what no black person,” Grant, p. 320.

80:   “Have this day,” quoted in ibid., p. 333.

80:   “Garvey intends to reorganise,” quoted in ibid., p. 334.

81:   “to encourage black,” www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/garvey_marcus.shtml.

81:   “Today I made myself,” quoted in www.afropoets.net/marcusgarvey2.html.

82:   “Garvey is a West Indian Negro,” quoted in ibid., p. 98.

83:   “Mr. Garvey immediately,” Grant, pp. 371–2.

84:   “Garvey’s and the Black Star Line’s,” Grant, pp. 373–4.

84:   “spectacular antics,” quoted in Smith, Page, pp. 213–14.

85:   “learning to accept insult,” quoted in NAACP, p. 2.

85:   “was not the mere gathering,” ibid.

86:   “is merely the logical result,” Current Biography, 1944, p. 742.

86:   “Father of Black History,” quoted in Goggin, p. 181.

87:   “a key to our freedom,” quoted in ibid., Goggin, p. 209.

87:   “Dr. Woodson often said,” NAACP, p. 2.

Chapter Six: The Robber Barons and Their Serfs

91:   “with the regularity,” Bain, p. 288.

92:   “Between a third and two-fifths,” Kyvig, Daily Life, p. 12.

93:   “As the historian Paul Johnson,” quoted in Roberts, p. 92.

93:   “the bitch-goddess SUCCESS,” quoted in www.goodreads.com/quotes168833-the-moral-flabbiness-born-of-the-worship-of-the-bitch-goddess-SUCCESS.

94:   “association of poverty,” quoted in Drabelle, p. 187.

95:   “There is no right,” quoted in Abels, p. 19.

97:   “We work in his mine,” quoted in Perrett, p. 46.

97:   “forced striking miners,” Savage, p. 12.

98:   “the Hatfields had tied,” Savage, p. 10

98:   “had been only a boy,” ibid., p. 11.

98:   “rather handsome young man,” ibid., p. 12.

99:    “The report circulated,” ibid., p. 21.

100: “cutting telephone and telegraph wires,” ibid. 47.

101: “The demand for coal,” ibid., p. 48.

102: “between the men,” quoted in McFarland, p. 413.

103: “In 1920,” photo sent to author by Matewan city officials.

Chapter Seven: The Beginning of Ponzi’s Dream

104: “a decidedly working-class neighborhood,” Zuckoff, p. 19.

105: “that relatives weary of paying,” Dunn, p. 9.

105: “dreamed aloud about,” Zuckoff, p. 20.

106: “I ship stuff,” and “a crate o’ tomatoes,” quoted Dunn, p. 9.

107: “with his growing skills,” ibid., p. 9.

108: “I have no figures,” quoted in ibid., p. 32.

108: “Ponzi was given a job,” Zuckoff, p. 47.

109: “thin, graying, tiny,” ibid., p. 31.

109: “He sold groceries,” Dunn, p. 10.

111: “That night, doctors removed,” pp. 53–4.

112: “Always have a goal,” quoted in ibid., pp. 30–31.

112: “In April 1906,” Zuckoff, p. 93.

112: “could be purchased,” www.images.businessweek.com/ss/09/0311_madoff/3.htm.

112: “more mundane and obscure,” Zuckoff, p. 93.

113: “The coupon had cost,” ibid., p. 95.

114: “Sixty-six coupons,” ibid., pp. 95–6.

114: “A confident tone of voice,” Dunn, p. 2.

116: “salesmanship and psychology,” quoted in ibid., p. 112.

118: “For every $10,” Parrish, p. 221.

119: “Securities Exchange Company,” quoted in Zuckoff, p. 133.

120: “DOUBLES THE MONEY,” BP, July 24, 1920.

121: “Ponzi literally couldn’t,” Bryson, pp. 337–8.

Chapter Eight: The Ignoble Experiment

126: “a Hogarthian degradation,” quoted in Miller, Donald L., p. 122.

127: The statistics on crime during Prohibition are provided by www.albany.edu/~wm731882/organized_crime1_final.html.

127: “Most often, the cutting,” Burns, Spirits, p. 218.

128: “It did not quarrel with,” ibid., p. 218.

128: “The person who drinks,” quoted in Barr, p. 241.

128: “seemed a notice,” Holbrook, p. 105.

129: “They should have permitted,” quoted in Bryson, p. 173.

129: “Bootleggers claimed,” Burns, Spirits, p. 219.

129: “a no-frills mixture,” ibid., p. 220.

130: “a distillation of alcohol,” ibid., p. 220.

130: “She just liked to drink,” ibid., p. 220.

130: “people wet their whistles,” ibid., p. 220.”

130: “The experienced drinker,” Morris, p. 36.

130: “Farm hands in the Midwest,” Burns, Spirits, p. 221.

131: “I call it legalized murder,” quoted in Mordden, p. 135.

131: “The victim of ‘jake paralysis,’” Shepherd, CW, July 26, 1930.

132: “so vicious a poison,” Burns, Spirits, 223.

132: “Recipes were invented,” Birmingham, pp. 241–2.

133: “In 1925,” ibid., p. 223.

133: “In 1927,” Mordden, p. 135.

134: “During the period,” Kyvig, Repealing, p. 24.

134: “reviewed the literature,” Lender and Martin, p. 139.

135: Table of figures, and “Obviously, drinking decline,” Abels, p. 87.

135: “In 1943,” Lender and Martin, p. 138.

135: “seemed more clear-headed,” Burns, Spirits, p. 280.

137: “There is less drinking,” quoted in ibid., p. 282.

Chapter Nine: Planning Parenthood

138: “if any of the Republican members,” quoted in Weatherford, p. 241.

139: “confidence that the [Ohio] legislature,” quoted in ibid., p. 241.

139: “Many women also went,” ibid., p. 241.

139: “devotion to states’ rights,” ibid., p. 242.

139: “that they filed suits,” ibid., p. 240.

140: “conscience struck,” Weatherford, p. 243.

140: “Vote for suffrage,” quoted in Flexner and Fitzpatrick.

141: “Women screamed frantically,” NYT, August 19, 1920.

141: “a point of personal privilege,” and, “I changed my vote,” quoted in Weatherford, p. 243.

141: “Unable, despite threats and bribery,” Flexner, pp. 323–4.

142: “had no experience,” Weatherford, p. 196.

143: “Carrie Chapman Catt summed it up,” ibid., p. 244.

143: “Never in the history of politics,” quoted in ibid., p. 242.

145: “fine, clean and honest,” Gray, p. 23.

145: “Then she faced her worst test,” Douglas, Emily Taft, p. 9.

146: “Have Jake sleep on the roof,” quoted in Miller, Nathan, p. 264.

146: “Her standard lecture,” Chesler, pp. 218–9.

146: “‘What Every Girl Should Know,’” Gray, p. 43.

147: “indicative of a higher,” Chesler, p. 66.

147: “insisted that existing,” ibid., p. 66.

147: “The editors printed,” Miller, Nathan, p. 266.

147: “The marriage bed,” quoted in Gray, p. 74.

147: “The Western Watchman,” quoted in ibid., p. 75.

148: “In Defense of Assassination,” ibid., p. 75.

149: “In court, however,” ibid., p. 76.

149: “Don’t wait to see,” and “If there is,” and “By taking the above,” FL, Project Gutenberg eBook, March 26, 2010, [eBook #31790], unpaginated.

150: “where a new system,” Furnas, p. 94.

151: “a brilliant pamphlet,” Chesler, p. 145.

151: “However small this operation,” ibid., p. 146.

151: “No other class,” ibid., p. 146.

151: “The little woman,” BDE, October 26, 1916.

152: “to do away with the Jews,” NYT, January 5, 1917.

152: “die, if need be,” quoted in Chesler, p. 153.

152: “[T]he national wire services,” ibid., pp. 153–4.

153: “Regardless of the outcome,” quoted in Cooper, Jr., Pivotal Decade, p. 207.

154: “beyond verbal instruction,” ibid., p. 157.

155: “to rest and be alone,” ibid., p. 158.

156: “made a curious refrain,” ibid., p. 159.

157: “sought to prevent,” Miller, Nathan, p. 269.

158: “[t]o purify the breeding stock,” quoted in Bryson, p. 365.

158: “the surest, the simplest,” quoted in ibid., p. 362.

159: “The real hope of the world,” quoted in Parrish, p. 135.

Chapter Ten: The End of Ponzi’s Scheme

160: “was tiny, at four foot eleven,” Zuckoff, p. 79.

161: “By July 4,” ibid., p. 221.

162: “recognized internationally,” quoted in Zuckoff, p. 184.

163: “QUESTIONS THE MOTIVE,” BP, July 26, 1920, p. 1.

163: “If Mr. Rockefeller,” quoted in Zuckoff, p. 294.

163: “‘immoral’ because it would be,” quoted in Dunn, p. 228.

164: “PUBLIC NOTICE,” quoted in BP, July 27, p. 1.

165: “EXTRA COUPON PLAN,” quoted in ibid., July 30, 1920, p. 1.

166: “DECLARES PONZI IS NOW HOPELESSLY INSOLVENT, quoted in ibid., August 2, 1920, p. 1.

167: “fabulous sum,” Zuckoff, p. 228.

168: “The clerk persisted,” ibid., p. 288.

168: “There are no second acts in American life,” Fitzgerald, Last Tycoon, p. 189.

168: “A few days after,” ibid., pp. 293–4.

169: “The deportation scene,” Dunn, pp. 251–2.

170: “When he was down,” quoted in Zuckoff, p. 310.

170: “corresponded with some regularity,” ibid., p. 311.

171: “Perhaps I made a mess,” quoted in ibid., p. 311.

172: “by running a small rooming house,” ibid., p. 310.

172: “I hit the American people,” ibid., p. 313.

172: “I am doing fairly well,” quoted in ibid., p. 313.

173: “It was false hope,” ibid., p. 313.

173: “a swindle in which,” The Random House Dictionary of the English Language, Second Edition, Unabridged. New York: Random House, 1987.

174: “Ponzi was a great equalizer,” NYT, December 15, 2008.

Chapter Eleven: The Closed Door in the White House

176: “they talked like master,” Walworth, Volume I, p. 9.

176: “There were readings,” ibid., p. 10.

177: “First, he wanted,” Cooper, Jr., Warrior, p. 107.

179: “It seemed the whole,” Smith, Gene, pp. 37–8.

180: “THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES,” LNC.

181: “narrow, selfish, provincial purposes,” quoted in Walworth, Volume II, p. 269.

182: “I have fighting blood,” quoted in ibid.

184: “Omnipotence,” LC-J, December 9, 1916.

184: “We have petticoat government!” quoted in Miller, Kristie, p. 193.

184: “So began my stewardship,” quoted in Levin, p. 344.

185: “It has been written,” ibid., pp. 515–16.

185: “was petulant, irascible,” Blum, p. 191.

186: “a completely discounted factor,” Smith, Gene, p. 102.

186: “What this country needs,” quoted in ibid., p. 102.

186: “Mme. President,” quoted in ibid., p. 214.

188: “The only decision that was mine,” quoted in Levin, p. 344.

188: “senators of both parties united,” NYT, March 20, 1920,

188: “Edith withheld the news,” Miller, Kristie p. 216.

189: “has been criticized,” ibid., pp. 216–7.

189: “Mr. Wilson died,” quoted in Smith.

Chapter Twelve: On the Air

193: “a central need,” Barnouw, p. 48.

193: “Experimental stations opened in New York,” Perrett, p. 229.

194: “AIR CONCERT ‘PICKED UP,’” PS, September 29, 1920.

194: “If a retail store,” quoted in Abels, p. 195.

195: “On the roof,” Barnouw, p. 69.

196: “Will anyone hearing this broadcast,” KDKA, p. 4.

196: “while … crowds stood,” ibid., p. 4.

196: “And so it seems, ladies and gentlemen,” KDKA-CD.

196: “many of whom,” Lewis, Tom, p. 153.

196: “To increase audience,” KDKA, p. 3.

198: “The first regularly broadcast church services,” ibid., p. 2.

198: “the electronic equivalent,” and “middle-class consumers,” quoted in Miller, Donald L., p. 302.

Chapter Thirteen: The Ohio Gangsters

200: “In the end,” Murray, p. 120.

201: “When one surveys,” and other Harding Inaugural excerpts from www.bartleby.com/124/pres46.html.

201: “He writes the worst English,” quoted in NYTM, “The Language Thing,” Maureen Dowd, July 29, 1990.

202: “did not provide moral leadership,” Trani and Wilson, pp. 191–2.

202: “had another side,” Hoover, p. 48.

203: “Forbes nonetheless had earlier once,” ibid., p. 429.

204: “worthless,” quoted in Wish, p. 352.

204: “Forbes was indeed selling,” Dean, p. 140.

204: “and even hardware,” Murray, p. 460.

205: “You yellow rat!”, quoted in Trani and Wilson, p. 182.

206: “Years later,” Dean, p. 141.

207: “In an ironic twist,” ibid., p. 141.

208: “Given the fact,” Dean, p. 142.

209: “without doubt,” Murray, p. 106.

209: “definitely knew about,” ibid., p. 484.

210: “a gay crowd,” quoted in Kramer, 434.

211: “Mystery had surrounded Smith’s death,” Dean, p. 144.

211: “Although Jess Smith’s suicide,” Murray, p. 437.

212: “illegally transferring,” ibid., p. 159.

212: “maintained that he had been unaware,” Trani and Wilson, p. 181.

213: “If anybody does not like,” Murray, p. 482.

214: “was regarded as above suspicion,” Trani and Wilson, p. 106.

215: “When the hearings commenced,” Dean, p. 157.

215: “a decade of financial difficulties,” Wish, p. 357.

217: “My God, this is a hell of a job,” quoted in White, Autobiography, p. 619.

218: “the most beautiful woman,” Dean, p. 26.

219: “I believe I can swing it,” White, Puritan, p. 241.

220: “Some will say,” CDS, Volume XLIV, Number 65, December 11, 1923.

Chapter Fourteen: The Investigation

227: “sent off to Barren Island,” Gage, p. 199.

227: “Are the authorities,” NYW, September 22, 1920.

228: “the murder hour,” quoted in Brooks, p. 12.

229: “Remember, we will not tolerate,” quoted in Gage, p. 171.

230: “The Anarchist Fighters,” quoted in ibid., p. 172.

230: “Carusso, Abato, Ferro,” Brooks, p. 15.

230: “fit nobody’s picture,” Gage, p. 175.

230: “neither a Sicilian,” Brooks, p. 16.

231: “In the week before,” Gage, p. 176.

231: “a passenger in a Hudson Tube train,” Brooks, p. 16.

231: “I know when,” quoted in ibid., p. 17.

232: “Lunacy Commission,” quoted in Gage, p. 176.

232: “millionaires who ought to be killed,” Brooks, p. 17.

232: “a lopsided gray cap,” ibid., p. 18.

233: “With just a handful,” Gage, p. 172.

233: “A chauffeur named,” ibid., p. 197.

234: “Dupont Powder Company,” and “Danger,” quoted in Gage, p. 198.

234: “She told police,” ibid., p. 198.

234: “It was revealed,” NYT, September 17, 1920.

235: “[Palmer] suggested,” ibid., p. 183.

236: “For a decade and more,” Brooks, p. 19.

237: “notorious for its Italian criminals,” quoted in Gage, p. 226.

Chapter Fifteen: Uproar in the Arts

240: “satirized Gopher Prairie,” Miller, p. 64.

240: “The days of pioneering,” and “a bulwark of sound religion,” Lewis, p. 1.

241: “owed much of its success,” Furnas, p. 83.

241: “inventing stereotypes,” ibid., pp. 83–4.

242: “What is the greatest thing,” quoted in Miller, p. 65.

242: “Home is the place where,” quoted in Lathem, ed., “The Death of the Hired Man,” p. 38.

242: “pointed at the fuzzy brown head,” and “‘Yump, probably be changes,’” Lewis, p. 367.

243: “This is a hell,” and “How about some of that champagne,” Hemingway, p. 61.

243: “For a true writer,” www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1954/hemingway-speech.html.

244: “Women—of whom he had expected,” Fitzgerald, Paradise, p. 238.

245: “she wrote to him,” Milford, p. 56.

245: “And she added,” quoted in ibid., p. 56.

246: “practiced in front,” ibid., pp. 142–3.

246: “There was no automatic,” ibid., p. 383.

246: “So we beat on,” Fitzgerald, Gatsby, p. 159.

247: “Here was a new generation,” Fitzgerald, Paradise, p. 255.

249: “sham, spurious,” Lawrence, Rainbow, p. 410.

249: “organised fighting,” and “tumbling into the bottomless pit,” ibid., p. 308.

249: “[s]he hated religion,” ibid., pp. 270.

249: “The two men had,” Lawrence, Women, p. 193.

250: “I do not claim,” quoted in Pilley, W. Charles. John Bull, September 17, 1921.

250: “I should like to know,” LHS, December 2, 1913.

250: “I believe the nearest,” quoted in Mackenzie, pp. 167–8.

251: “savage enough pilgrimage,” Carswell, book title, various references.

252: “his extravagance of personality,” Morgan, p. 78.

252: “desolate, tranquil,” and, “was dreary, yes,” Hack, p. 65.

253: “wanted to hug someone,” ibid., p. 74.

253: “The intense interest,” Christie, Mysterious Affair, p. 193.

254: “curiously colourless,” Morgan, p. 25.

255: “Apart from replying,” Christie, Autobiography, p. 511.

256: “Hercule Poirot, a Belgian detective,” NYT, August 6, 1975.

257: “a thin-skinned sensitive,” quoted in www.googlebooks.com/?id=CnnX6jlFufec&pg=PA67&dq=a+thin-skinned+sensitive,+a+dithering+compass.

258: “You [Americans] will be having,” quoted in Douglas, Ann, p. 181.

258: “Let us go then,” Eliot, p. 13.

261: “Smoke of a brick-red dust,” quoted in www.americanpoems.com/poets/carlsandburg/12898.

263: “a curious restaurant,” Manchester, p. 34.

264: “was a heavy drinker,” Smith, Page, pp. 1007–8.

264: “he worked briefly,” ibid., p. 1008.

264: “was based on a story,” ibid., p. 1008.

264: “Only when the eye,” quoted in Gelb and Gelb, pp. 261–2.

265: “overthrown by his own fear,” Perrett, p. 275.

265: “striking and dramatic study,” Smith, p. 1008.

265: “a simon pure uncompromising American tragedy,” Gelb and Gelb, p. 634.

265: “had little plot,” Perrett, p. 274.

265: “Supposing I was to tell you,” O’Neill, p. 85.

266: “slut,” O’Neill, 128.

266: “In its time,” Gelb and Gelb, p. 638.

266: “so full of meat,” quoted in ibid., p. 639.

266: “hid behind a pillar,” Perrett, p. 274.

266: “I have an innate feeling,” quoted in Gelb and Gelb, p. 638.

267: “Vicious Circle,” quoted in Frewin, p. 36.

267: “illuminating not only the world of theatre,” Hart, p. 35.

268: “nearly all famous,” ibid., p. 152.

268: “[New Yorker art critic Murdock] Pemberton,” Yagoda, p. 31.

269: “Every girl,” quoted on algonquinroundtable.org/quotes.html.

269: “I know I’m drinking,” and “That woman speaks, and “I like to have a martini,” and “Men seldom make passes,” quoted on brunerbiz.com/humour/Algonquin-round-table-quotes/high_#4.

269: “You can lead a horticulture,” quoted in www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/4181000.html.

269: “I know a man,” and “We wish you,” quoted in Altman, p. 168.

269: “For an entire decade,” Meister, p. 190.

271: “The Algonquin Round Table,” quoted in Teichman, Kaufman, p. 64.

272: “These things don’t last forever,” quoted in enwikipedia.org/wiki/AlgonquinRound Table/#Decline_of_the_Round_Table.

272: “These were no giants,” quoted in ibid.

273: “Americans had more steel,” quoted in www.manythings.org/voa/history/173.htm.

Chapter Sixteen: The “Jass” Age

274: “Fate was a very serious musician,” quoted in Bergreen, p. 144.

275: “Best dance music,” quoted in Teachout, p. 53.

275: “Knowin’ that my tone,” quoted in ibid., p. 73.

276: “widely held to be,” Bryson, p. 69.

276: “‘Does Jazz Put the Sin,” quoted in ibid., p. 69.

276: “a non-musical nineteenth-century slang,” Goodall, p. 245.

276: “from black patois,” and “as popularly applied,” Mordden, p. 153.

277: “trying to explain jazz,” Douglas, Ann, p. 451.

278: “Never before had that black community,” Fax, p. 1.

278: “Harlem was clean,” Miller, Nathan, p. 220.

278: “Du Bois encouraged Langston Hughes,” Parrish, p. 220.

279: “The idea of taking a residential community,” quoted in Schoener, ed., p. 79.

279: “there was another part of it,” Hasse, p. 114.

279: “synonymous with the greatest Negro entertainment,” ibid., p. 132.

279: “[e]legant, reserved without being stiff,” quoted in Miller, Donald L., p. 504.

279: “This was no ordinary night club,” Hasse, p. 102.

279: “a backdrop painted with weeping willows,” Calloway, p. 88.

279: “brutes at the door,” quoted in Miller, Donald L., p. 515.

280: “However Ellington felt about it,” Hasse, pp. 100–101.

280: “his influence to have the owners,” Miller, Donald L., p. 515.

281: “feeling like a bull moose,” quoted in Morris, Colonel, p. 215.

281: “the nightclub capital of the world,” Miller, Donald L., p. 516.

281: “Long after the cascading lights,” Morris, Lloyd, p. 333.

283: “Now I can read his letters,” www.songlyrics.com/mamie-smith/crazy-blues-lyrics/.

283: “for the Hammond (Indiana) pros,” Stewart, Ed., pp. 44–45.

283: “The play was about an Ethiopian,” Stewart, ed., p. 190.

284: “that ultimately led,” ibid., p. 205.

285: “I ain’t got no quarrel,” and “Shall Negro sharecroppers,” quoted in www.iancfriedman.com/?=284.

286: “Long before Native Son,” Rodgers, p. 310.

286: “Mencken had made,” quoted in ibid., pp. 179–180.

286: “buoyed up,” quoted in ibid., p. 180.

287: “The Negro is primarily an artist,” Du Bois, p. 287.

287: “Above and beyond,” ibid., p. 320.

287: “English contemporaries [of Eliot],” ibid., p. 112.

288: “hoped to get from their friendship,” ibid., p. 94.

288: “African guardian of souls,” www.poemhunter.com/poem/conversion.

290: “Play that thing,” quoted in Rampersad and Roessel, eds., p. 60.

290: “Shake your brown feet, honey,” quoted in ibid., p. 29.

291: “O, let America be,” quoted in allpoetry.com/poem/8495513-Let_America_Be_America_Again-by-Langston_Hughes.

291: “On the Mediterranean Sea,” Jackson, ed., p. 103.

292: “slumbering but awful God,” ibid., p. 144.

292: “What matters that I stormed,” ibid., p. 36.

293: “a pillar of the Harlem intellectual community,” Miller, Donald L., p. 517.

293: “Locke was as much in his element,” Lewis, pp. 87–8.

293: “observed that European artists,” Huggins, p. 80.

294: “The Negro mind,” quoted in ibid., p. 116.

294: “The only safeguard,” quoted in ibid., p. 115.

294: “We have tomorrow,” quoted in ibid., p. 118.

295: “laid the philosophical basis,” Douglas, Ann, p. 116.

Chapter Seventeen: The Flapper

296: “a hint of sexual frenzy,” Bryson, p. 69.

297: “Before the First World War,” Perrett, p. 157.

297: “The girl who jumped,” Moore, p. 69.

297: “Originating with Southern blacks,” Boardman, p. 16.

298: “which involved hopping forward,” Bryson, p. 69.

298: “Everyone! Down on your heels,” quoted in www.allmusicals.com/lyrics/goodnews.varsitydrag/htm.

299: “And tell me, Niel,” Cather, pp. 111–112.

299: “There was a huge increase,” Burns, Smoke, p. 175.

299: “More women now do the same work,” ibid., p. 175.

300: “Particularly when smoked by women,” Tate, p. 24.

300: “The amount of fabric,” Bryson, p. 69.

300: “breathtaking skimpiness,” Bryson, p. 69.

302: “The Roaring Twenties,” quoted in Miller, Donald L., p. 529.

Epilogue

303: “has fallen into oblivion,” Avrich, Portraits, p. 167.

304: “Once you register,” Avrich, Sacco and Vanzetti, p. 59.

304: “You heard Galleani speak,” quoted in enwikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Galleani.

305: “I have never heard,” Avrich, Sacco and Vanzetti, p. 49.

305: “Attending lectures,” Avrich, Portraits, p. 173.

306: “After selecting a target,” Gage, p. 326.

307: “fits what we know of him,” ibid., p. 326.

307: “my uncle’s bomb,” ibid., p. 326.