Page numbers refer to the print edition.
Abbey Coal Company. See Hardscrabble Mine
ABC Saloon, 143
Adrian (MI) Telegram, 156
AEF. See American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)
Albany (NY) Knickerbocker Press, 156
Alex, Samuel, 52
All-Allied Anti-German League, 100
Alpine Chasseurs, 33
Alton Naval Militia, 101
Aluminum Ore Company, 104
Alunite Company of America, 31
American Anti-Anarchy Association, 100
American Bottoms, 12
American Carbon and Battery Company, 1
American Civil Liberties Union. See National Civil Liberties Bureau
American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), 32
American Protective League, 44, 100
Ameringer, Oscar, 211
Anderson, Paul, 162–63, 191, 197, 198, 199, 201
Angelus bells, 183
anti-German hysteria: and miner fears, 120–23; national and local, 96–98, 101; and pro-Germans, 141, 144, 150; regional and national incidents of, 105–6; and violence against German Americans, 108, 110, 114–17
Anti-Yellow Dog League, 100
Army, U.S.: amalgamation of, 32; aviation corps of, 82, 103–4; disease deaths in, 34, 36, 45, 223–24; and shipment of troops, 32; total casualties of, 223; training of, 28
arraignment, 170–71
Austria-Hungary, 14
automobiles, 14
Bach, Johann, 93
Bailey, Alfred, 130
Baker, Henry, 115
Baker, Newton, 18, 20, 23, 117
Baker’s Union Local 4, 124
Balsat, August, 55
Baltimore, 123
Bandy, James, 180, 186, 199, 200–201
Barr, Theda, 29
bars. See saloons
Barthelemont, France, 33
Barton, William, 89
Base Hospital 21, 35
The Beast of Berlin, 43
Beaver, Wesley “Popeye,” 136–37, 140, 164–65, 167, 177, 196, 228
beer (bier), 95
Beethoven, Ludwig von, 93
Belleville (IL) News Democrat, 147, 154, 157–58, 213–14
Belleville IL, 94, 95, 101, 122
Benton IL, 115
Bernreuter, Louis, 173–74, 181, 206–9
Bertino, Dom, 55
Bertolero, Robert, 67, 80, 85, 127
Bierbaum, M. F., 25
Big Red One. See First Division, U.S. Army
Bitzer, Earle, 144
Black Tuesday, 225
Bloomington IL, 91
Blue Devils. See Alpine Chasseurs
Blumberg, Louis, 143–44
Blum Manufacturing, 31
Bolshevik Revolution, 117
Boston MA, 102
Boyce LA, 117
Boy Spies of America, 100
Brazil IN, 229
Bremen, Germany, 123
Breslau, SS, 123
Brockmeier, William: charged, 165; at city hall, 137; and coal supply, 85–86; death of, 229; family of, 170; indictment of, 167–69; and mayor, 141–42; photographed, 177; testimony of, 164, 196;
Brooks Tomato Products, 31
Bruno, Lorenzo, 126
Bruno’s Bakery, 126
Bruso, John, 188–89
Bulgaria, 14
Bunker Hill Mine, 48
Burke, Edmund, 144
Burleson, Albert, 20
Cahokia Creek, 181–82
Cairo IL, 115
Camp Zachary Taylor, 24–26, 27, 36, 37–38
Cantine Creek, 12
Canton OH, 102
Castleman, J. A., 84
Cates, Theodore, 24
Central Howard Association, 124
Central Powers, 14
Central Union Bell Telephone Company, 89–90
Cherry Mine disaster, 52
Chester Knitting Mills, 31, 39, 40, 221
Chicago Daily Tribune, 212
Chicago White Sox, 32
Christ Episcopal Church, 24
Christopher IL, 114
Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 185
civil liberties, oppression of, 99, 104–5
Civil War, 17
Clark, Walter, 128
Cleaveland, Willis, 24
Cleopatra, 29
clubs. See lodges
coal: in Collinsville, 12, 39–41, 225–26; price controls of, 65–68; production of, 51, 68, 225; and rail car shortages, 51; supply of, 39–40, 51, 68; use restrictions of, 39–41
coal miners: in Benton mob, 115; black workers as, 226; and bond sales, 120; in Christopher mob, 114; and discretionary spending, 56; in DuQuoin mob, 114; in Macoupin and Montgomery County mobs, 109; from Maryville, 135–36; paranoia of, 120–23; and pursuit of Prager, 130–32; in St. Louis Road mob, 2; wages of, 53, 64, 66, 69, 89; and wildcat strikes, 61–68, work of, 48–50
coal mines, 47–50, 51–52, 68, 225–26
Collinsville (OK) Star, 158
Collinsville (Township) High School, 35, 53, 90–91, 229
Collinsville Advertiser, 18, 37–38, 79–80, 98, 138, 143, 214–16
Collinsville Candy Kitchen, 143
Collinsville chamber of commerce, 151
Collinsville city council, 20
Collinsville city hall, 3, 25, 80, 134
Collinsville Commercial Club, 20, 22, 39
Collinsville Community Band, 13
Collinsville Concert Band, 9–10, 228
Collinsville Cooperative Store, 127
Collinsville Herald: charges dismissed bulletin in, 216; court case criticism in, 86–87; CPI releases in, 18; on East St. Louis riots, 79; and economic calm, 68; and Emil Gerken, 23; extras of, 23, 148, 214–15; and James Monroe, 143, 215–16, 231; and Liberty Bond sales, 222–23; “A Little Tar” column in, 113–14; and Prager note, 145–46; and Red Cross members, 38; reporting integrity of, 79–80, 215–16; and riot report, 82; and unpatriotic comments, 26; and verdict announcement, 209, 216
Collinsville IL: alcohol consumption in, 55–56, 58; bond drives in, 222–23; and Cecil Larremore, 229; churches in, 24; city finances of, 55–56; and coal production, 51, 68, 225; demographics of, 12–13, 53–54; description of, 12–15; disease in, 45, 224; drafted and enlisted men from, 223–24; and election (1919), 224; fear in, 84–85; intolerance in, 220; and lynching, 147, 151, 214–17, 226; propaganda impact in, 226; saloons in, 55–56; tensions in, 80, 84–85; wartime economy of, 30, 35
Collinsville Neighborhood Committee, 39, 44, 119–20, 161, 191, 220
Collinsville OK, 158
Collinsville Park, 13
Collinsville police: and arrest of Prager, 128–29; criticism of, 153–54; and dismissal of charges, 211–12; and harassment on streetcars, 81; hiding of Prager by, 138–39; inaction by, 142–43; indictment of, 170; and mob, 4, 133–34, 142
Collinsville Township, 14, 224–25, 229
Collinsville Trades Council, 74, 82, 90
Collinsville Zinc Smelter, 30
“Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean,” 132
Columbia IL, 94
Columbia MO, 126
Commercial Hotel, 55
Committee on Public Information (CPI), 17–18, 19, 24, 43–44, 98, 102, 219
Congress, Sixty-Fifth, 16
Consolidated Mine No. 17, 48, 60, 62, 68, 69
conscription. See draft
Coolidge, Calvin, 225
Coons, Vernon, 83, 167–68, 177, 180
coroner’s inquest, 152, 159–65, 188–89, 198
Coukoulis, George, 143
CPI. See Committee on Public Information (CPI)
Cranmer, Charles, 8, 168, 174, 175, 177–78, 197, 229
Croix de Guerre, 34
Cuba Mine. See Donk Brothers Coal and Coke Mine No. 1
Daniels, Josephus, 17–18
Danville IL, 229
Darmody, James, 224
Daughters of Pocahontas, 38
Davis, George, 168, 175, 197, 212
Davis, Gil, 175
daylight savings time. See Standard Time Act
Debs, Eugene, 102
declaration of war, 16
defendants, 171, 176–78, 195–98, 208–10
Delaney, R. C., 75
DeMatties, James, 140–41, 168, 177–78, 196
deserters, 27
Deutsch-Amerikanischer National Bund, 95
“Deutschland, Deutschland über Alles,” 108–9
Diogenes, 6
Dippold, William, 193
distributing mines. See shipping mines
Dolzadelli, Charles, 52
Donaldson, Clifford, 109
Donaldson, Henry, 109
Donk Brothers Coal and Coke Mine No. 1, 48, 51, 52, 60, 64–65, 68
Donk Brothers Coal and Coke Mine No. 2, 48, 51, 60, 63, 68, 110, 126–28
Dooner, Mike, 69
Dorris, C. H., 35, 36–37, 43–45, 119, 221, 227
Dorris, Milburn, 44
Dorris, Susan, 44
doughboy, term of, 37
draft: exemption board of, 23–24, 28; and induction, 24–26, 206, 223; and military, 16, 20–24, 28; quota of, 28; registrants for, 21, 22, 23, 25; registration day for, 20–22, 134; resistance to, 22, 27–28
Draft 258, 43
Dresden, Germany, 123
dry laws, 59
Dukes, James, 36
Dukes, Richard “Dick”: charged, 165; at city hall, 137; drafted, 223; indictment of, 167–68; at inquest, 164; later life of, 229; photographed, 177–78; relationship of, with Hannah Jokerst, 179; trial testimony of, 196
DuQuoin IL, 114–15
Dyersburg TN, 107–8
Eagles Lodge, 39
Easter egg hunt, 9–10
East St. Louis and Suburban Railway Company, 1–3, 13, 81, 89, 108, 143
East St. Louis IL, 11, 12–13, 78–79, 86–87, 101–2, 104
Ebey, Keith, 207
Edwardsville (IL) Democrat, 213
Edwardsville IL, 30, 109–10, 174–75, 182–82
Eighteenth Amendment, 59
Eldnar Mine, 122
Elmore, Enid “Peanuts,” 164, 165, 167–68, 170, 177–78, 195, 223, 229
Emerson NE, 117
Enright, Thomas, 33–34
Equal Protection Clause, 104
Espionage Act, 19–20, 99, 101–2, 155–56, 219
Evanoff’s Saloon, 81
Evatt, Humphrey Leighton, 34–35
Face to Face with Kaiserism, 43
Fairbanks, Charles, 15
Fairbanks, Douglas, 29
Farrington, Frank, 64, 67, 68, 73
Federal Lead, 89
Fellhauer, Lewis, 131
Ferdinand, Franz, 14
Fiegenbaum, David, 193
Fiegenbaum, Edward, 187
Field, Jules, 22
First Division, U.S. Army, 33
First Methodist Church, 24
First Presbyterian Church, 24–25
Flannery, Frank, 168, 169, 177–78, 195
Flannery, Patrick, 169
Fletcher, Arthur, 31–32
Florida, 103
Food Administration, 41
food conservation programs, 41–42
Fornero, James, 110, 126–30, 135–36, 155, 176
Fort McPherson, 37
Four Minute Men, 43–44
Fourteenth Amendment, 104
France, 14
Franke, Leo, 63
Franklin County IL, 114, 115, 116–17
Freeport IL, 178
Frost, Fred, 132–34, 138–39, 153–54, 161, 170, 191
Fulton’s Y Saloon, 128–29, 131, 135–36, 140, 141, 152, 209, 228
Futchek, Martin, 132–34, 138–39, 170, 191
Galinat, Sam, 42
Garfield, Harry, 40, 45, 65–67
gas wagons. See automobiles
Gemmingen, Hans, 112–13
Gerard, James, 202–3
German(s): alien registration, 35–36; churches, 96; culture, 93–94; free speech, 93, 95; harassment of, 97, 108, 141, 144, 219; immigration, 93–94; language classes, 96; newspapers, 218–19; sabotage, 96; spy paranoia, 98, 99–100, 101, 219
German Triangle, 123
Germany, 14, 15–16, 112–13, 202–3, 219
Gillespie IL, 126
Gilmore, Calvin, 2–3, 167–68, 170, 177–78, 196
Gilmore, Maida, 1–3
Gondrecourt, France, 33
Great Lakes Naval Training Center Band. See Jackie Band
Great War. See World War I
Gregory, Thomas, 100, 101, 102, 111–12, 156, 217
Gresham, James, 34
Groshans, John, 208
Hale, Edward Everett, 24
Hallworth, John, 133, 136, 168–69, 170, 177–78, 195, 229
hanging, 9
harassment incidents, 104–17
Harrison, J. P., 1
Hay, Merle, 34
Hayes, Frank, 69
Heatless Monday, 40
Hedger, William, 52
Hefferly, Frank, 68
Heim Brewery, 88
Herculaneum MO, 74
Herrin Massacre, 226
Highland (IL) Leader, 213
Highland Brewing Company, 87–88
Hillside Park, 9
Hitler, Adolph, 222
Hogge, Frank, 164
Holt, Thomas, 194
Holy Cross Lutheran Church, 24, 96, 159
Holzweg and Thomas Agency, 129
Horn, Frederick, 193
Hrubetz Saloon and Hall, 128
Hughes, Charles, 15
Humphrey, J. Otis, 76, 81–82, 84, 86, 89
Hyde Park Beer, 88
If You Don’t Weaken, 211
Illinois coal report, 52–53
Illinois food production, 31
Illinois High School Association, 31
Illinois National Guard, 22, 91, 112, 153
Illinois State Utilities Commission, 89
immigrants, 17, 20–21, 27–28, 96–97
Immigration Act (1917), 97
Improved Order of Redmen, 32
income tax. See War Revenue Act
Independent Order of Odd Fellows, 125, 150, 158, 159, 161, 166, 176, 227
Indiana Reformatory at Jeffersonville, 124
indictments, grand jury, 168
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), 63, 99, 102, 103, 114, 121
International Mill and Smelter Workers Union, 73
“in the peace of the people,” 181, 183
Isenberg’s Store, 43
isolationism, 222
IWW. See Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
Jefferson Barracks, 33
Jenkins, Jenkin: background of, 82; and civil suit, 87; closing of saloons by, 82; and day in court, 84; and deputies, 77; fined, 86; investigates at Pleasant Ridge, 112–13; investigates lynching, 147–48; and juror duties, 178–79; pollution lawsuit comments by, 88; and Prager meeting plan, 128–29, 130, and search of Prager home, 148; and state officials, 153; and state’s attorney, 186–87; and weapons searches, 83–84
Jerusalem Lutheran Church, 24, 96
Jesus Evangelical Church, 166
Johann, Louis, 144
John Barleycorn, 54–55
Johnson, Cecil, 224
Johnson, Mose: and closed inquest, 160; and election challenge, 68; and first wildcat strike, 62–63; and Gil Davis, 175; on indictments, 169; investigates at Pleasant Ridge, 112–13; and Lumaghi No. 3 strike, 65; and Maryville men, 135–36; and phone strike, 90; and Prager, 128–29; protests court ruling, 86; and sheriff, 130–31; son of, 224; stabbing of, 63; statement of, on Prager, 155; testimony of, 164; at trial, 176
Jokerst, Bill, 229–30
Justice Department, U.S., 211
justices of the peace, 152
The Kaiserite: 101 German Lies, 19
Kansas IL, 36
Kant, Immanuel, 93
Karch, Charles, 115–16
Karwelat, August, Jr., 223
Kern, Fred, 154, 157–58, 213–14
Keystone Cops, 142
King, Peter, 108
King Coal, 225
Kinloch Telephone Company, 89–90
Kirkpatrick, Marshall, 83
Kitson, Claude, 37
Kneedler, Albert, 192
Kneedler, R. Guy, 38, 47, 113–14, 137, 187–88
Knights of Columbus, 37–38
Knights of Liberty, 107
Kohler, Eugene, 36
Kreider’s Military Band, 80
Kremmer, Jake, Sr., 109
Ku Klux Klan, 231
Kunze, Robert, 110
Labor Party, 224
Lake County IN, 124
Lansing, Robert, 18
Larremore, Cecil, 7, 168–69, 177–78, 196–97, 229
Larremore, John, 52
LaSalle IL, 117
Lead Works. See St. Louis Smelting and Refining
League of Nations, 222
Leavitt’s Restaurant, 136
Lebanon IL, 59
Lebanon Road, 62
letters from soldiers, 37
Lewis, John, 226
Liberty Bonds: and beating of Louisiana man, 106; drive results for, 222–23; Holy Cross purchase of, 159; national sales of, 19; quota of, 29–30; and teachers, 39; third bond drive for, 120, 132–33, 167–68, 206; and war expos, 19
Liberty Stamps, 220
Liederkranz, 95–96
Life magazine, 34
literacy, 53–54
Lobenat, John, 127
local mines, 47
Lockhart, Zenas, 77–78
lodges, 38
London, Jack, 54
Louisiana, 117
Lowden, Frank, 61, 111–12, 150, 153, 171, 211
Lowe, Roy, 146, 148–49, 152, 153, 157, 159–60, 165, 192, 224
Loyalty Leaflets, 19
loyalty pledge cards. See Collinsville Neighborhood Committee
Lumaghi, Joseph, 85–86
Lumaghi, Octavius, 12
Lumaghi Coal Mine No. 2, 48, 51, 60, 61–63, 122
Lumaghi Coal Mine No. 3, 48, 51, 60, 65, 85–86
Lusitania, 14–15, 95, 124, 202–3, 220
Lutheran churches and schools, 96
lynching: of blacks, 107–8; editorial reaction to, 156–58; nature of, 173; of Prager, 5–10; and prosecution difficulty, 173; witnesses of, 143–44, 188
Macoupin County IL, 109, 110–11, 116–17
Madison County IL: courthouse in, 174–75; draft registrants and inductees from, 223; and election (1918), 221; farmer prosecuted in, 103–4; federal prosecutions in, 103–4; German case reversed in, 104; jail in, 174; last coal mine in, 225; and legal system condemnation, 212–14; and mob incidents, 117; mood of, on June 3, 211; Republican factions in, 186; volunteers in, 223; and war bond quota, 29–30
Madison IL, 25
“A Man Without a Country,” 24
Marne, Second Battle of the, 223
Marshall, Thomas, 15
Mason-Dixon Line, 107
Massa, Charles, 33–34
Matthews, James, 75
Maurer, Charles, 27–28
Mayer, Jonah, 52
McAdoo, William, 30
McKendree College, 59
McLanahan, J. C., 43
McLanahan Ford, 143
McLean County IL, 103
Medical Officer Reserve Corps, 22, 25
Metzler, J. D., 182–83
Mexico, 16
Middlekauf, Charles, 178, 204–5
Miller, S. L., 202
Miners Institute, 60–61, 67, 224
Mississippi, 59
Mississippi River Valley, 181–82
Mitchell, Joseph, 114
mob: businessmen with, 6, 143–44; forming of, 131–32; on Main Street, 132, 134–36; and police intervention, 133–34; with Prager, 140–41; on St. Louis Road, 2–9; storming of city hall by, 136–40; temperament changes of, 132–33
A Modern Musketeer, 19
Moehle, Henry, 103–4
Monk’s Mound, 231
Monroe, J. O.: and comment on John Szillat, 220–21; on coroner’s jury, 152, 160; and court case criticism, 86–87; and criticism by August Schimpff, 214–15; on East St. Louis riots, 79; and extra on lynching, 148; and knitting, 113–14; and later view of Prager affair, 231–32; “A Little Tar Might Help,” 110–11; in mob, 143; and phone strike, 90; and Prager letters, 149; and Prager note, 145–46; and reporting integrity, 79–80; on unpatriotic talk, 26; and verdict reaction, 216, 231
Montgomery County IL, 109
Moore, James, 1
Moose Lodge, 39
Morley, Christopher, 34
Mueller, Bernhardt, 143, 179–80, 190–91, 200, 201
Muren Mine, 122–23
“My Country ’Tis of Thee,” 9–10
My Four Years in Germany, 202–3
NAACP. See National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Nagel, Clarence, 189–90
Nagel, Edmund, 189–90
“The Name of Old Glory,” 24
Nashville IL, 173–74
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 107–8
National Civil Liberties Bureau, 104–7
National Council of Defense, 44
National Lead, 29
National Security League, 97
National Stockyards, 8
Navy, Royal, 14
Navy, U.S., 39, 109, 125, 148, 223
Nebraska, 59
Nessen, W. C., 81
neutrality, 95
Nevada, 107
New Douglas IL, 114
New Mexico, 106–7
New Republic, 157
New York Sun, 156
New York Times, 212
New York Yankees, 31–32
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 93
Nieuport 28, 41
Nobel Peace Prize, 222
Norddeutscher Lloyd, 123
Odd Fellows. See Independent Order of Odd Fellows
O’Fallon IL, 123
Oglesby, John, 112
Oklahoma, 116
Omaha NE, 124
Order of Owls, 38
Orpheum Opera House, 13, 132, 161, 168
Ottoman Empire, 14
Overman, Lee, 155
Over the Top, 37
Palecek, Gus, 164–65
Panama IL, 121
Pancho Villa, 37
Paris, France, 33
Pelczor, Frank, 135
Pelepot, Sam, 55
Pennsylvania, 106
Pergen, Frances, 115
Perry County IL, 117
Pershing, John “Black Jack,” 32
Picher Lead Company, 30
Pleasant Ridge Evangelical Lutheran Church, 112–13
police, 116
Poor Man’s Club, 56–57
Post Office, U.S., 19–20
potash, 31
Prager, Augusta Maria Louisa, 123
Prager, Karl Heinrich, 123, 228
Prager, Robert Paul: in Collinsville, 125–26; draft registration and attempted enlistment of, 125; funeral of, 166; hanging of, 5–10, 107, 226–27; immigration of, 123; locking up of, by police, 132–34; in Niobrara, 124; in Omaha, 124; paraded on Main Street, 132–33; patriotism of, 183–84, 194–95; personality of, 124, 125, 127, 129; at reformatory, 124; remains of, 227; searching of home of, 148–49; in St. Louis, 124–26; with St. Louis Road mob, 2–10; taking of, by mob, 131–32; taking of, from city hall, 140–41; and union, 126–30, 233–34
Prairie Mine, 121–22
presidential election, 15, 224
Private Peat, 37
Progressive Lead Workers, 226
Progressive Miners of America, 226
Progressive Party, 224
prohibition, 59–60
Pro Milone, 173
Pulitzer, Joseph, II, 177
Red Cross, 24–25, 38, 39, 44, 103, 113–14, 117, 183
Red Scare, 224
Reformation, four hundredth anniversary of, 24
Reese Hall, 13
Reimer, Henry, 158
Republican Party, 15, 221–22, 224
Revenue Act (1913), 59
Riegel, Emma, 163–64
Riegel, Fred, 230
Riegel, Joe: arrest of, 165; background of, 135, 138; confession of, 162–63; crying of, in courtroom, 206, 208; drafting of, 223; family of, 170; fight of, with Mose Johnson, 62; indictment of, 167–68; later life of, 230; and mob, 5–9, 135, 139–41; photographed, 177; and Prager’s note, 145–46; testimony of, 161–62, 197–98
Riley, James Whitcomb, 24
Ritter, Leonard, 37
Robino, Joseph, 167
Rockford IL, 22
Roosevelt, Quentin, 41
Roosevelt, Theodore, 14–15, 41, 97, 98, 156
Rossman, Anna, 33
Rouen, France, 35
Saints Peter and Paul Catholic Church, 126
Salel, Charles, 55
Salel’s Ye Olde Corner Bar, 75–76
Sammie, term of, 37
San Francisco, 107
Sangrelet, Marshall, 52
Sarajevo, Bosnia, 14
Saxony, Germany, 123
Scott, Lation, 107–8
Schiller, Jules, 55
Schimpff, August, 37–38, 79–80, 138, 143–44, 214–15
Schmidt’s Mound Park, 4–5
Schnick, Henry, 72
Schrieber, Paul, 167
Schreiber’s Barrelhouse, 82
Schroeppel, Adam, 152
Schuster, Theodore, 109–10
Secret Service, 100
Sedition Slammers, 100
Selkirk, William, 37
Seventh Bavarian Landwehr Regiment, 34
Shelton, Bernie, 229
Shelton, Carl, 229
Shereikis, Henry, 62
Sherman, Lawrence, 155–56
shipping mines, 47
Shoal Creek Mine, 121
Siegel, John: background of, 75; at city hall, 134, 136–39; and closed inquest, 160; and closing of saloons, 134–35; at council of defense meeting, 161; at draft inductions, 24–25, 26; and election (1919), 224; at inquest, 160; and Lead Works strike, 74–75; in Medical Reserve, 22; and mob on Main Street, 132; and police, 85, 154, 170; and rebuttal testimony, 197–98; and state officials, 153; and suspected pro-Germans, 144; telegram from, 155–56; trial testimony of, 187; and vigilance committee, 144; vigilance of, 150
Siegel, Stella, 75
Siegel, Vivien, 75
Silverblooms, 143–44
Simms, W. T., 107
Simon, W. S., 166
Simpson, James, 160
Sinclair, Upton, 20
Sioux Falls SD, 117
The Slacker, 43
Slinger, Dan, 68
smallpox, 45
Smith, Robert, 89
Smith, Tom, 89
Socialists, 16, 20, 63, 99, 102, 127, 219, 220–21
Sommerville, France, 33
Sorento IL, 114
Sousa, John Philip, 206
Spangler, Ruby, 1 1
Spanish influenza. See influenza
Spring, Joe, 202
Springfield IL, 91
Stapen, Joseph, 16–17
“The Stars and Stripes Forever,” 206
“The Star Spangled Banner,” 2, 26, 108, 136, 206
State Bank, 56
State Council of Defense, 61, 100, 119–20, 191
Staten, Tony, 26–27, 128–29, 154, 170
St. Boniface Catholic Church, 182–83
St. Clair County IL, 103–4, 146
Steeleville IL, 115–16
Stejskal, Joseph, 124
Stephens, Harry, 69, 142–43, 170
St. Francis MO, 226
St. John Evangelical Church, 24, 25, 96
St. Joseph Lead Company, 74
St. Louis Argus, 157
St. Louis Fife and Drum Corps, 39
St. Louis Labor, 213
St. Louis MO, 11, 91, 94, 123, 225
St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 162–63, 177–78, 213
St. Louis Road, 13
St. Louis Smelting and Refining: and Christmas bonuses, 88; closure of, 226; and coal shutdown, 40; and coal supply, 85–86; and competitive wages, 74; and court hearings, 84, 86; description of, 71–72; and federal injunction, 76; and habeas corpus suit, 84; and harassment, 78, 81, 83–84, 88–89; and Humphrey Leighton Evatt, 35; and imported workers, 78–79; and John Siegel, 74; and Liberty Bond sales, 29; new smokestacks of, 72; and pollution lawsuit, 88; and raises, 72, 73; reopening of, 76–77, 80; and unionization effort, 73; and union strategy, 78; and walkout, 73–74; and weapons searches, 83–84
St. Louis Star, 212–13
St. Matthew Cemetery, 166, 227
St. Nicholas Hotel, 55
Streuber, Joseph: background of, 178; closing statement of, 199–200; and grand jury, 167–68; at inquest, 160; and lynching, 147–48; opening statement of, 185–86; reaction of, to verdict, 211–12; and sheriff, 186–87; and state officials, 153
Streuber, Katherine, 178
Streuber, William, 178
strikes. See wildcat strikes
Sulphur OK, 117
Taft, William Howard, 156
Taylor Mine, 123
teachers, 39, 90–91, 96, 99, 105
Terrible Threateners, 100
Third Illinois Artillery, 22
Third Judicial Circuit, 173
Thirteenth Amendment, 59
Thomas, Frank, 81
Thompson, Thetis, 129
Tiedemann Milling Company, 31
Tonso, John, 167
Treason Act. See Espionage Act
Treaty of Versailles, 222
trench warfare, 32
trial: character witnesses in, 198; closing arguments in, 199–205; defendant testimony in, 195–98; early attendance at, 176; first day of, 175; instructions to jurors at, 206–7; and judge definition, 183–84; jury selection phase of, 175–85; jury sworn in at, 185; and motion to quash indictment, 175; newspaper coverage of, 176; opening statements in, 185–86; and patriotic murder theory, 201; and potential juror sentiment, 179; and Prager’s patriotism, 194–95; prosecution rebuttal in, 197–98; and sheriff, 178–79; and start of defense, 194; and start of prosecution, 187; verdict in, 208–9, 212–15; witnesses not called in, 192–93. See also jurors
Truman Doctrine, 16
Tulsa Daily World, 202
Tulsa OK, 202
Tumat, George, 52
Turnvereine, 94
typhoid, 45
UMW. See United Mine Workers of America (UMW)
Uncle Sam, 18
Union Shoe Company, 135, 163–64
United Mine Workers Journal, 11
United Mine Workers Local 1802, 126–32, 135–36
United Mine Workers of America (UMW), 60, 68, 69, 120, 122–23, 166–67, 222, 226
University of Michigan, 178
Unterseeboot 20, 14
U.S. Army. See Army, U.S.
U.S. Department of Justice. See Justice Department, U.S.
U.S. Navy. See Navy, U.S.
U.S. Post Office. See Post Office, U.S.
U.S. Senate, 16–17, 155–56, 222
Utah, 106
Vandalia Railroad, 12
Vater, W. D., 25
Versailles, Treaty of, 222
Victory Bonds, 223
vigilance committees, 144, 150, 153
Voltaire, 217
Wadsworth, James L. R., 54
Wagner, Richard, 93
Ward, William, 52
war expos, 19
War Revenue Act, 29
Washington County IL, 173
Washington Post, 156–57
Washington University School of Medicine, 35
Weber, Max, 93
Webster School, 44
Weeks, Frank, 185
Weidel, Ben, 161
Welfare Hotel, 72
“We’ll Fight for the Red, White and Blue,” 132
West End Saloon, 2
Westliche Post, 157
“What the Government Asks of the Press,” 18
White, Tom, 83–84
wildcat strikes, 61–68
Wildey Theater, 109–10
Wille, Louis, 52
William Schumacher Undertaking Company, 166
Williamson, Thomas, 119–20, 180–81, 183, 201–4
Wilson, Tom, 83
Wilson, Woodrow: and administration of war, 41; campaign of (1916), 15; and comments of April 22, 217; and CPI, 17–18; and immigrant loyalty, 96; and Lusitania protest,14–15; and lynching statement of July 22, 217–19; and Nobel Prize, 222; and Pershing charge, 32; popularity of, 221–22; and responsibility for hysteria, 219; and spy threat, 100; and veto of Immigration Act, 97; on vigilante mobs, 156
Winters, Alex, 77
Wobblies. See Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
women’s suffrage, 15
Woodmen of America, 38
Workmen’s Compensation Act, 52
World Series (1917), 31–32
World War I, 14–17, 23, 32, 44–45, 220, 221–22
World War II, 222
York SC, 107
Zimmerman, Arthur, 202–3
Zumald, Joel, 108