Page numbers followed by “f” and “t” indicate figures and tables.
A
Abbott, Arnold, 61–62
access
creation of, 13
to equipment, 72–74
member worker programs and, 46
as new ownership, 13
ADA. See Americans with Disabilities Act
advances, cash, 36–38
“The Agricultural Ladder” (1919 article), 103
agricultural subsidies, 43
Airbnb, 5
Airdine app, 118–122
Aldi, 9
Alger, Horatio, 109
Allen (hacker foodie), 99–101
American Seed Trade association, 86
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 52
Anastasia (butcher), 113
Apna Beej, 95
Arlene (peer-to-peer lender), 144–146
Arudino boards, 100–101
Assembly Bill 1810 (California), 89–90
associations, volunteer labor and, 45
authorization, equipment repair and, 32
banks, 135–137
Bart (Kansas farmer), 71–74
Becky and Lois (Vermont farmers), 57–60
Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program, 57
Ben (Cookapp client), 80–84
Big Data, 97–98
Bobilin v. Board of Education, State of Hawaii, 45
Bowman v. Monsanto Co., 90
Bread and Stuff, 133–135
Brice (seed saver), 92–93
Brown, David, 139
butchers, 112–113
C
California Farm Bureau Federation, 108
Camila (Airdine host), 118–122
carcass shrinkage, 24
car-munities, 139
cash advances, 36–38
Catherine (Denver food cooperative member), 123–129
Chesky, Brian, 117–118
Chhabria, Vince Girdhari, 51
children, community service and, 45
circular economy, 110–111
Climate Corporation, 97
Climate Pro sensors, 98
collaboration, labor laws and, 39–42
collaborative consumption, 5–6, 117–118
Colleen (cooperative member), 155–156
colleges, 105
commissions, Uber and, 12–13
commodification of relationships, 74
Community Sourced Capital (CSC), 135–137
community-based trusts, overview of, 10
competitive injury, 26–27
composting, 108–109
concentration of markets, 20–22, 21f, 22t
conservation easements, 58
conventional foodscapes, 20, 21f
Cookapp (meal-sharing platform), 80–84
cooperatives
challenges of, 123–130
circular economy and, 111–116
corn, 86–88
cosmetic food standards, 9, 61
Cottage Foods Act, 15
CR4 (four firm concentration ratio), 20–22, 22t
Craig (ice cream parlor owner), 140
Cross, Barbara, 89
crushing, volunteers, labor laws and, 41–42
CSC. See Community Sourced Capital
culture shock, 130
D
data, generation and ownership of, 97–102
Dawb (California family farmer), 48–50
debt, 135–136
deed restrictions, 58
default rates, 141
diagnostic equipment, 35
Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), 31–36, 98–99
discrimination, private individuals and, 53
DMCA. See Digital Millennium Copyright Act
Doris (Farmers Guild member), 106–108
Dorothy (Bread and Stuff owner), 133–135
E
easements, 58
Eatwith (meal-sharing platform), 76
economic survival, 46
ecosystem services, 16
education, 104–105
Ellsworth, Henry, 85
employees, defining, 40
equipment
contract farming and, 24–26
increasing consumption of, 78
repairing, 31–36
sharing of, 8
short-term renting of, 72–74
exploitation, incentivizing, 39–40
F
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), 40, 45, 46
Farm Bureau Federation, 108
Farm Service Agency of USDA, 57, 106–107
farmbots, 99–101
Farmer Fair Practices Rules, 26
Farmers Guild, 106–110
Faye’s Place, 36–38
FDA. See Food and Drug Administration
fear, 122
Feastly (online meal-sharing platform), 68, 76–78
Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, 110–111
FLSA. See Fair Labor Standards Act
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 65
food banks, 62–63
food cooperatives
challenges of, 123–130
circular economy and, 111–116
food sovereignty, 14–16, 148–150
Food Standards Agency, 63–64
food trucks, 64
foodscape, loss of individual ownership of, 4
Fort Collins, Colorado, 65–69
four firm concentration ratio (CR4), 20–22, 22t
G
Gates, Bill and Melinda, 63
Gersen, Jacob, 61
gestation crates, 24–26
Gilchrist, Cullen, 156
GIPSA rules, 26
Goetz, Stephan, 139
Good Samaritan Laws, 61
Google ethos, 96
Grab, 12
Grain Inspection, Packers, and Stockyards Administration (GIPSA) rules, 26
The Grapes of Wrath (Steinbeck), 104
guilds, 106–110
H
hacker clubs, 96–102
hacktivists, 34
Harvard Food Law and Policy Clinic, 60–61
Haw. Rev. Stat. Ann § 421C-33 and, 45, 47
Hawaii Board of Education, Bobilin v., 45
Heritage Farm (Iowa), 92–93 hierarchies, 157
hierarchy of entitlements, 66–67
Hmong refugees, 48–50
homeless, sharing food with, 61–62
homelessness, 134
Homestead Act of 1862, 2–3, 105
horizontal concentration, 21
hybrid corn, 86–88
I
immigrant laborers, 147
independence, 109
individualism, ideology of, 109
inequality, 147
infrastructure, waste and, 61
integrated pest management, 7
Iu Mien refugees, 48–50
Jack (farmer), 27–30
Jack (Feastly user), 76–78
jam companies, 64–69
Jeb (Nebraska farmer), 31–36
Jeff (chef), 64–69
Jeffersonian ideal of ownership, 2–3, 4, 85, 104
John Deere Electronic Data Link drivers, 34
John Deere Payload files, 34
John Deere Service Advisor, 34
Josephine (online meal-sharing platform), 50–53, 67–68, 76
Josh (Massachusetts dairy farmer), 1–2, 6–8, 129–132
Joy (attorney), 45–46
Julia (Chicago community activist), 111–114, 116
Julie (hacker club member), 101–102
K
Keywords (Williams), 148
kitchen space
regulation of, 64–65
knowledge
acquiring, 103–105
cooperatives and, 111–116
creating and exchanging, 14
data and, 98–99
knowledge commons, 99
Kreiczer-Levy, Shelly, 67
L
label printing, 16
labels, seed libraries and, 88
labor laws, 39–42
ladder, agricultural, 103–105
land cooperatives, overview of, 10
land ownership, 2–4, 55–60, 130–132. See also Jeffersonian ideal of ownership
land transfers, 55–60, 105–106
Lao refugees, 48–50
legal issues
Bobilin v. Board of Education, State of Hawaii and, 45
of data generation and ownership, 97–102
Haw. Rev. Stat. Ann § 421C-33 and, 45, 47
labor laws and, 39–42
seed libraries and, 88–91
volunteer labor and, 45
waste and, 61
lending. See Loans
liability, 16, 61. See also Legal issues
liability insurance, 16
Librarian of Congress, 33
libraries, seeds and, 88–91
licensing agreements, 29, 33–34
government and, 107
peer-to-peer, 10, 135–137, 140–143
lobbying, 86
Lois and Becky (Vermont farmers), 57–60
Lyft, 12
Lyle (NY State Department of Labor retiree), 47–48
M
MachineryLink Sharing, 72–74
Maggie (Foodcloud inspector), 62–64
Maine Center for Economics Policy, 138
Marcela (peer-to-peer borrower and lender), 140–143
Marcie (cook), 50–53
Marcus (Washington winery owner), 41–44
market concentration, 4
market power, 97
market speculation, 98
Marvin (Ohio farmer), 19–27
Marvin (seed-sharing activist), 90–91
Mary (Farmers Guild member), 108–109
Mauss, Marcel, 52
McLuhan, Marshall, 158
medium is the message, 158
merchant cash advances, 36–38
Michael (cooperative member), 153
mimicry, 105
money, psychological consequences of, 144–145
Monsanto Co., Bowman v., 90
moral economy, 10
N
Nathan (college student), 75–79
negotiation power. See Leverage
Network for Incubator and Commissary Kitchens Facebook group, 15–16
New Zealand, conventional foodscape of, 20, 21f
Newton, Casey, 12
NICK (Network for Incubator and
Commissary Kitchens), 69 Nicole (Chicago cooperative member), 114–116
Noelle (labor attorney), 39–41
nondisclosure agreements, 29
O
O’Brien, Aoibheann, 63 oikonomika, 142
Ola, 12
Open Source Seed Initiative (OSSI), 95
Open Source Seed System India (OSSSI), 95
Operation SLOG, 12
OSSI. See Open Source Seed Initiative
OSSSI. See Open Source Seed System India
overproduction, 61
ownership
access as, 13
changing concepts of, 2–4, 130–132
Jeffersonian ideal of, 2–3, 4, 104
of seed, 27–30
transfer of, 55–60
P
patent exhaustion doctrine, 90
peer-to-peer experiential learning, 107–108
peer-to-peer lending, 10, 135–137, 140–143
Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, 88
Peter (food truck owner), 64
pigs, contract farming and, 23–25 piracy, 31
platform cooperativism. See Sharing economy
positional power, 157
Postal Service, 86
precision agriculture, 97
property ownership, 2–4, 55–60, 130–132. See also Jeffersonian ideal of ownership
“Psychological Consequences of Money” (Vohs), 144–145
public universities, 105
R
racism, 82–83
Radin, Margaret Jane, 66
regulations, food safety, 3
restaurants, failing, 3
rice milling, 20–21
Riceland Foods, 43
robber barons, 12
Rogers, Roo, 67
rotational grazing, 7
Roundup, 29
Rupasingha, Anil, 139
S
Sarah (seed-sharing activist), 93–96
scaling out, 8
Scott (Kansas farmer), 73–74
seed, ownership of, 4
Seed Act of 2004 (Pennsylvania), 88
seed acts, 88–89
seed banks, 92–93
Seed Exchange Democracy Act, 89–90
seed industry, commercialization of, 86–88
seed libraries, 9
Seed Savers Exchange (SSE), 92–93
seed swap events, 89
seeds
concentrated markets and, 21
saving of, 92–96
sharing of, 85–89
self-driving cars, 13
shipping, meat processing and, 23–24
Singer, Jonas, 156
SLOG, 12
Slow Food NC, 141
Slow Money NC, 141
social contact, 75
social distance, 120–122
societies, 85
Southeast Asian family farmers, 48–49
sow stalls, 24–26
speculation, 98
SSE. See Seed Savers Exchange
Stephan (former Federal Reserve System research officer), 136–137
Stokes Seeds, 86
storage facilities, waste and, 61
subsidies
agricultural, 43
Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program and, 57
rented lands and, 56
waste and, 61
succession, 2–4, 55–60, 130–132
sugar refining, 20–21
suggested donations, 81
supply chains, concentration in, 20–21
surge rates, 13
T
tampering, 34
timing, importance of, 23, 32–33
Toffler, Alvin, 142
tractor alley, 71–74
tractors, repairing, 4
trusts, community-based, overview of, 10
U
Union Kitchen, 156–158
universities, 105
U.S. Copyright Office, 33
U.S. Postal Service, 86
U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA), 26, 57, 86
vertical concentration, 21
La Vía Campesina, 14
Vohs, Kathleen, 144–145
W
wages, 113–114
walkability, 139
Walton, Sam, 137
Ward, Iseult, 63
Washington State, 41–42
Westover Winery, 41–44
What’s Mine Is Yours (Botsman and Rogers), 67, 117–118
Williams, Raymond, 148
word cloud exercise, 151–152f
workers’ compensation insurance, 41, 49–50
Z
Zipcar, 75