Index

A

Abdominal station, 23–44

chronic liver disease, 26–28

generalised lymphadenopathy, 29–31

hepatosplenomegaly, 31–33

hints for,24

multiple abdominal scars,33–35

normal abdomen,24–25

palpable kidneys,36–38

renal replacement therapy,39–42

splenomegaly,42–44

Abducens nerve palsy,84

Abnormal blood, patient with, 48–50

Acoustic neuroma, 167

Adenocarcinoma, 15

ADPKD, see Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)

Alport’ s syndrome (AS), 41

Amyloidosis, 32–33

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 94

Anaesthesia, 82

Ankylosing spondylitis, 158–160

Anti-CCP, see Anticyclic citrullinated peptide (Anti-CCP) antibodies

Anticipation, 82

Anticoagulants, 80

Anticoagulation, 161–163

Anticyclic citrullinated peptide (Anti-CCP) anti-bodies, 183

Aortic regurgitation (AR), 105–107

Aortic stenosis (AS), 102–104

Aortic valve replacement (AVR), 103

AR, see Aortic regurgitation (AR)

AS, see Alport’ s syndrome (AS); Aortic stenosis (AS) Ascites, 28

Austin Flint murmur, 107

Autoimmune disease human leucocyte antigen associations, 72

Autonomic neuropathy, 89

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), 37

AVR, see Aortic valve replacement (AVR)

B

Back pain, patient with, 51–53

causes of, in elderly patient, 52

red-flag signs, 52

symptoms, 52

tumours, 53

Bilateral LMN cranial nerve VII palsy, 166–167

Bilateral lower-zone crackles, 4

Bitemporal hemianopia, 100

Bronchiectasis, 2–4

B-symptoms, 30

C

Cancers, 67

Carcinoid syndrome, 125–126

Cardiology, 101–129

aortic regurgitation, 105–107

aortic stenosis, 102–104

Eisenmenger’ s syndrome, 107–109

hints for, 102

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 110–112

mitral regurgitation, 114–117

mitral stenosis, 112–114

mitral valve prolapse, 117–118

mixed aortic valve disease, 119–120

mixed mitral valve disease, 120–122

prosthetic heart valves, 122–124

tricuspid regurgitation, 124–126

ventricular septal defect, 127–129

Carpal tunnel syndrome, 90, 182–184

Cerebellar syndrome, 77–78

CHADSVASC, 163

Charcot- Marie- Tooth disease, 89

Cholestasis, 62

Chronic liver disease, 26–28

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), 30

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), 32

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 4–7

Chronic primary MR, 116

Chronic secondary MR, 116–117

CLL, see Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)

CML, see Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)

Coeliac disease

conditions associated with, 59

diagnosis and management of, 60

Collapse, 53–55

differential diagnosis of, 55

features of uncomplicated vasovagal syncope, 55

Community-acquired pneumonia, 8

Complex ophthalmoplegia, 84

Consolidation, 7–9

COPD, see Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Cor pulmonale, 6

Cough, patient with, 56–58

management of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, 58

red-flag symptoms, 57

upper GI endoscopy, 57

CREST syndrome, see Limited systemic sclerosis (SSc)

Crohn’ s disease, 34, 35

CURB–65, 9

Cystic fibrosis, 9–11

D

Deteriorating patient, care in, 135–137

Diabetes Mellitus, 72

Diabetic maculopathy, 164

Diabetic retinopathy, 163–165

Diarrhoea, patient with, 58–60

Diffuse systemic sclerosis, 185

Diplopia, 186–188

Dopamine agonists, 87

Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA), 67, 138, 139

Driving regulations, 137–139

DVLA, see Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA)

E

Eisenmenger’ s syndrome, 107–109

Electromyography (EMG), 82

Empyema, 8

Endocarditis, 126

Ethics, and communication skills, 131–154

breaking bad news, 133–135

care in deteriorating patient, 135–137

diagnosis, 149–152

driving regulations, 137–140

hints for, 132

initiating new therapy, 140–142

long-term condition, 142–145

medical error, 145–147

mental capacity, 147–149

organ transplantation, 152–154

Exudative effusion, 19

F

Facial nerve palsy, 165–167

Falls, 167–169

Fibrotic lung disease, 12–13

Foot drop, 91

Friedreich’ s ataxia, 78

G

Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, 57

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, 58

Generalised lymphadenopathy, 29–31

GI, see Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy

Giant cell arteritis, 69–70

Goitre, 173

Graves’ disease, 173

H

HASBLED, 163

HCM, see Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)

Headache, 170–171

Hemiparesis, 78–80

Hepatic encephalopathy, 27

Hepatosplenomegaly, 31–33

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, 25

Hereditary spastic paraparesis, 98

History-taking station, 48–72

abnormal blood, patient with, 48–50

back pain, patient with, 51–53

collapse, patient with, 53–55

cough, patient with, 56–58

diarrhoea, patient with, 58–60

hints for, 48

jaundice, patient with, 60–62

joint pains, patient with, 63–65

left arm weakness, patient with, 65–67

visual disturbance, patient with, 67–70

weight loss, patient with, 70–72

Hodgkin’ s lymphoma, 30

Homonymous hemianopia, 99

Hypercalcaemia, 50

Hyperthyroid emergencies, 173

Hyperthyroidism, 172–173

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 110- 112

I

IBD, see Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), 170–171

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 34

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia, 84

J

Jaundice, patient with, 60–62

Joint pains, patient with, 63–65

L

Lateral medullary syndrome, 80

Left arm weakness, patient with, 65–67

Lhermitte’ s sign, 96

Limited systemic sclerosis (SSc), 185

Liver transplantation, 28

LMN, see Lower motor neurone (LMN) lesion

Lobectomy, 20

Localised scleroderma, 185

Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT), 6

Lower motor neurone (LMN) lesion, 166

LTOT, see Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT)

Lung cancer, 14–16, 21

Lung transplantation, 21

M

Malabsorption, 60

Marfan’ s syndrome, 106, 107

Medical error, 145–147

Mental capacity, 147–149

Mitral regurgitation (MR), 114–117

Mitral stenosis, 112–114

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP), 117–118

Mixed aortic valve disease, 119–120

Mixed mitral valve disease, 120–122

MND, see Motor neurone disease (MND)

Mononeuritis multiplex, 92

Mononeuropathies, 90–92

Motor neurone disease (MND), 92–95

MR, see Mitral regurgitation (MR)

Multiple abdominal scars, 33–35

Multiple sclerosis, 95–97

MVP, see Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

Myeloproliferative disorders, 32

Myotonic dystrophy, 81–82

N

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), 6, 162

Neck lump, 174–175

Nephrectomy, 38

Neurology station, 75–100

cerebellar syndrome, 77–78

hemiparesis, 78–80

hints for, 76

mononeuropathies, 90–92

motor neurone disease, 92–95

multiple sclerosis, 95–97

myotonic dystrophy, 81–82

ocular palsies, 83–84

Parkinson’ s disease, 85–87

peripheral neuropathy, 88–90

spastic paraparesis, 97–98

visual field defects, 99–100

NICE, see National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)

NOACs, see Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs)

Non-Hodgkin’ s lymphoma, 30

Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, 164

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 15

Normal abdomen, 24–25

Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs), 162

NSCLC, see Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

O

Ocular palsies, 83–84

Old tuberculosis (TB), 16–18

Optic atrophy, 171

Optic nerve lesion, 100

Organ transplantation, 152–154

Osteoporosis, 175–177

P

PACES, see Practical Assessment of Clinical Examination Skills (PACES)

Palpable kidneys, 36–38

Pancoast’ s syndrome, 15

Papilloedema, 170

Paraneoplastic syndromes, 15

Parapneumonic effusion, 8

Parkinson’ s disease, 85–87

Peripheral neuropathy, 88–90

Peroneal nerve palsy, 91

Peutz- Jeghers syndrome, 25

Pleural effusion, 18–20

Pneumonectomy, 20

Pneumonia, 8

Polycystic kidney disease, 37

Polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV), 44

Polymyalgia rheumatica, 70

Practical Assessment of Clinical Examination Skills (PACES), xxiii, xxv-xxvii, 189

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)

autoimmune associations of, 62

control of disease, 62

investigation of suspected, 62

management of itch in cholestasis, 62

Primary hyperparathyroidism, 50

Primary lateral sclerosis, 93

Primary MR, 116

Progressive bulbar palsy, 94

Progressive muscular atrophy, 94

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 164

Prosthetic heart valves, 122–124

Proximal myopathy, 177–179

PRV, see Polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV)

Psoriasis, 179–181

Psoriatic arthritis, 181

R

Radial nerve palsy, 91

Renal cystic disorders, 38

Renal replacement therapy, 39–42

Renal transplantation, 40–41

Respiratory station, 2–21

bronchiectasis, 2–4

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 4–7

consolidation, 7–9

cystic fibrosis, 9–11

fibrotic lung disease, 12–13

hints for, 2

lung cancer, 14–16

old tuberculosis (TB), 16–18

patient with previous lung surgery, 20–21

pleural effusion, 18–20

Rheumatoid arthritis, 13

with carpal tunnel syndrome, 182–184

diagnostic criteria for, 64

pharmacological management of, 65

S

Sarcoidosis, 50

SCD, see Sudden cardiac death (SCD)

SCLC, see Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)

Scleroderma, 185

Secondary MR, 116

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), 15

Space-occupying lesions, 67

Spastic paraparesis, 97–98

Spinal cord compression, 98

Spleen, 43

Splenectomy, 43

Splenomegaly, 42–44

Squamous cell carcinoma, 15

SSc, see Limited systemic sclerosis (SSc)

Structural valve deterioration (SVD), 123

Sudden cardiac death (SCD), 111

Superior vena caval obstruction (SVCO), 16

SVD, see Structural valve deterioration (SVD)

Systemic sclerosis, 184–186

T

Tabes dorsalis, 90

TAVI, see Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)

TB, see Old tuberculosis (TB)

Third nerve palsy, 186–188

Thoracoscopy, 19

Thyroid cancer, 174

Thyroid mass, 175

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), 103–104

Transudative effusion, 19

Transverse myelitis, 98

Tricuspid regurgitation, 124–126

U

UC, see Ulcerative colitis (UC)

Uhthoff’ s phenomenon, 96

UIP, see Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern

Ulcerative colitis (UC), 34

Ulnar nerve palsy, 90

UMN, see Upper motor neurone (UMN) lesion

Unilateral CN VII palsy, 166

Upper motor neurone (UMN) lesion, 166

Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern, 13

V

Vasovagal syncope, 55

Ventricular septal defect (VSD), 127–129

Visual disturbance, patient with, 67–70

Visual field defects, 99–100

Vitamin D deficiency, 178–179

Von Hippel- Lindau syndrome, 38

VSD, see Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

W

Wallenberg’ s syndrome, see Lateral medullary syndrome

Warfarin, 80

Weight loss, patient with, 70–72

World Health Organization (WHO), 72