ROBERT HENRYSON from The Testament of Cresseid

‘O ladyis fair of Troy and Grece, attend

My miserie, quhilk nane may comprehend,

My frivoll fortoun, my infelicitie,

My greit mischeif, quhilk na man can amend.

5

Be war in tyme, approchis neir the end,

And in your mynd ane mirrour mak of me:

As I am now, peradventure that ye

For all your micht may cum to that same end,

Or ellis war, gif ony war may be.

 

10

‘Nocht is your fairnes bot ane faiding flour,

Nocht is your famous laud and hie honour

Bot wind inflat in uther mennis eiris;

Your roising reid to rotting sail retour;

Exempill mak of me in your memour,

15

Quhilk of sic thingis wofull witnes beiris.

All welth in eird, away as wind it weiris;

Be war thairfoir, approchis neir the hour:

Fortoun is fikkill quhen scho beginnis and steiris!’

 

Thus chydand with hir drerie destenye,

20

Weiping scho woik the nicht fra end to end;

Bot all in vane – hir dule, hir cairfull cry,

Micht not remeid nor yit hir murning mend.

Ane lipper lady rais and till hir wend,

And said: ‘Quhy spurnis thow aganis the wall

25

To sla thyself and mend nathing at all?

 

Sen thy weiping dowbillis bot thy wo,

I counsall the mak vertew of ane neid;

Go leir to clap thy clapper to and fro,

And leif efter the law of lipper leid.’

30

Thair was na buit, bot furth with thame scho yeid

Fra place to place, quhill cauld and hounger sair

Compellit hir to be ane rank beggair.

 

That samin tyme, of Troy the garnisoun,

Quhilk had to chiftane worthie Troylus,

35

Throw jeopardie of weir had strikken doun

Knichtis of Grece in number mervellous;

With greit tryumphe and laude victorious

Agane to Troy richt royallie thay raid

The way quhair Cresseid with the lipper baid.

 

40

Seing that companie, all with ane stevin

Thay gaif ane cry, and schuik coppis gude speid;

Said: ‘Worthie lordis, for Goddis lufe of hevin,

To us lipper part of your almous deid!’

Than to thair cry nobill Troylus tuik heid,

45

Having pietie, neir by the place can pas

Quhair Cresseid sat, not witting quhat scho was.

 

Than upon him scho kest up baith hir ene –

And with ane blenk it come into his thocht

That he sumtime hir face befoir had sene.

50

Bot scho was in sic plye he knew hir nocht;

Yit than hir luik into his mynd it brocht

The sweit visage and amorous blenking

Of fair Cresseid, sumtyme his awin darling.

 

Na wonder was, suppois in mynd that he

55

Tuik hir figure sa sone – and lo, now quhy:

The idole of ane thing in cace may be

Sa deip imprentit in the fantasy

That it deludis the wittis outwardly,

And sa appeiris in forme and lyke estait

60

Within the mynd as it was figurait.

 

Ane spark of lufe than till his hart culd spring

And kendlit all his bodie in ane fyre:

With hait fewir, ane sweit and trimbling

Him tuik, quhill he was reddie to expyre;

65

To beir his scheild his breist began to tyre;

Within ane quhyle he changit mony hew,

And nevertheless not ane ane uther knew.

 

For knichtlie pietie and memoriall

Of fair Cresseid, ane gyrdill can he tak,

70

Ane purs of gold, and mony gay jowall,

And in the skirt of Cresseid doun can swak;

Than raid away and not ane word he spak,

Pensive in hart, quhill he come to the toun,

And for greit cair oftsyis almaist fell doun.

 

75

The lipper folk to Cresseid than can draw

To se the equall distributioun

Of the almous, bot quhen the gold thay saw,

Ilkane to uther prevelie can roun,

And said; ‘Yone lord hes mair affectioun,

80

However it be, unto yone lazarous

Than to us all; we knaw be his almous.’

 

‘Quhat lord is yone,’ quod scho, ‘have ye na feill,

Hes done to us so greit humanitie?’

‘Yes,’ quod a lipper man, ‘I knaw him weill;

85

Schir Troylus it is, gentill and fre.’

Quhen Cresseid understude that it was he,

Stiffer than steill thair stert ane bitter stound

Throwout hir hart, and fell doun to the ground.

 

Quhen scho ovircome, with siching sair and sad,

90

With mony cairfull cry and cald ochane:

‘Now is my breist with stormie stoundis stad,

Wrappit in wo, ane wretch full will of wane!’

Than swounit scho oft or scho culd refrane,

And ever in hir swouning cryit scho thus;

95

‘O fals Cresseid and trew knicht Troylus!

 

‘Thy lufe, thy lawtie, and thy gentilnes

I countit small in my prosperitie,

Sa elevait I was in wantones,

And clam upon the fickill quheill sa hie.

100

All faith and lufe I promissit to the

Was in the self fickill and frivolous:

O fals Cresseid and trew knicht Troilus!

 

‘For lufe of me thow keipt gude continence,

Honest and chaist in conversatioun;

105

Of all wemen protectour and defence

Thou was, and helpit thair opinioun;

My mynd in fleschelie foull affectioun

Was inclynit to lustis lecherous:

Fy, fals Cresseid! O trew knicht Troylus!

 

110

‘Lovers be war and tak gude heid about

Quhome that ye lufe, for quhome ye suffer paine.

I lat yow wit, thair is richt few thairout

Quhome ye may traist to have trew lufe agane;

Preif quhen ye will, your labour is in vaine.

115

Thairfoir I reid ye tak thame as ye find,

For thay ar sad as widdercok in wind.

 

‘Becaus I knaw the greit unstabilnes,

Brukkill as glas, into my self, I say,

Traisting in uther als greit unfaithfulnes,

120

Als unconstant, and als untrew of fay –

Thocht sum be trew, I wait richt few ar thay;

Quha findis treuth, lat him his lady ruse!

Nane but myself as now I will accuse.’

Quhen this was said, with paper scho sat doun,

 

125

And on this maneir maid hir testament:

‘Heir I beteiche my corps and carioun

With wormis and with taidis to be rent;

My cop and clapper, and myne ornament,

And all my gold the lipper folk sall have

130

Quhen I am deid, to burie me in grave.

‘This royall ring set with this rubie reid,

 

Quhilk Troylus in drowrie to me send,

To him agane I leif it quhen I am deid,

To mak my cairfull deid unto him kend.

135

Thus I conclude schortlie, and mak ane end:

My spreit I leif to Diane, quhair scho dwellis,

To walk with hir in waist woddis and wellis.

‘O Diomeid, thou hes baith broche and belt

 

Quhilk Troylus gave me in takning

140

Of his trew lufe!’ and with that word scho swelt.

And sone ane lipper man tuik of the ring,

Syne buryt hir withouttin tarying;

To Troylus furthwith the ring he bair,

And of Cresseid the deith he can declair.

145

Quhen he had hard hir greit infirmitie,

 

Hir legacie and lamentatioun,

And how scho endit in sic povertie,

He swelt for wo and fell doun in ane swoun;

For greit sorrow his hart to brist was boun;

150

Siching full sadlie, said, ‘I can no moir

Scho was untrew and wo is me thairfoir.’

Sum said he maid ane tomb of merbell gray,

 

And wrait hir name and superscriptioun,

And laid it on hir grave quhair that scho lay,

155

In goldin letteris, conteining this ressoun:

‘Lo, fair ladyis! Cresseid of Troyis toun,

Sumtyme countit the flour of womanheid,

Under this stane, lait lipper, lyis deid.’

Now, worthie wemen, in this ballet schort,

 

160

Maid for your worschip and instructioun,

Of cheritie, I monische and exhort,

Ming not your lufe with fals deceptioun.

Beir in your mynd this schort conclusioun

Of fair Cresseid, as I have said befoir.

165

Sen scho is deid, I speik of hir no moir.

WILLIAM DUNBAR Lament, When He Wes Seik

I that in heill wes and gladnes

Am trublit now with gret seiknes

And feblit with infermité;

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

5

Our plesance heir is all vane glory,

This fals warld is bot transitory,

The flesch is brukle, the Fend is sle;

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

The stait of man dois change and vary,

10

Now sound, now seik, now blith, now sary,

Now dansand mery, now like to dee;

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

No stait in erd heir standis sickir;

As with the wynd wavis the wickir

15

Wavis this warldis vanité;

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

On to the ded gois all estatis,

Princis, prelotis and potestatis,

Baith riche and pur of al degré;

20

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

He takis the knychtis in to feild

Anarmyt undir helme and scheild,

Victour he is at all mellé;

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

25

That strang unmercifull tyrand

Takis on the moderis breist sowkand

The bab full of benignité;

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

He takis the campion in the stour,

30

The capitane closit in the tour,

The lady in bour full of bewté;

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

He sparis no lord for his piscence,

Na clerk for his intelligence;

35

His awfull strak may no man fle;

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

Art-magicianis and astrologgis,

Rethoris, logicianis and theologgis –

Thame helpis no conclusionis sle;

40

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

In medicyne the most practicianis,

Lechis, surrigianis and phisicianis,

Thame self fra ded may not supplé;

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

45

I se that makaris amang the laif

Playis heir ther pageant, syne gois to graif;

Sparit is nought ther faculté;

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

He has done petuously devour

50

The noble Chaucer, of makaris flour,

The Monk of Bery, and Gower, all thre;

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

The gude Syr Hew of Eglintoun

And eik Heryot, and Wyntoun

55

He has tane out of this cuntré;

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

That scorpion fell has done infek

Maister Johne Clerk and James Afflek

Fra balat making and trigidé;

60

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

Holland and Barbour he has berevit;

Allace, that he nought with us levit

Schir Mungo Lokert of the Le;

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

Clerk of Tranent eik he has tane

That maid the anteris of Gawane;

Schir Gilbert Hay endit has he;

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

He has Blind Hary and Sandy Traill

70

Slane with his schour of mortall haill

Quhilk Patrik Johnestoun myght nought fle;

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

He has reft Merseir his endite

That did in luf so lifly write,

75

So schort, so quyk, of sentence hie;

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

He has tane Roull of Aberdene

And gentill Roull of Corstorphin –

Two bettir fallowis did no man se;

80

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

In Dunfermelyne he has done roune

With Maister Robert Henrisoun;

Schir Johne the Ros enbrast has he;

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

85

And he has now tane last of aw

Gud gentill Stobo and Quintyne Schaw

Of quham all wichtis has peté;

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

Gud Maister Walter Kennedy

90

In poynt of dede lyis veraly –

Gret reuth it wer that so suld be;

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

Sen he has all my brether tane

He will naught lat me lif alane;

95

On forse I man his nyxt pray be;

Timor mortis conturbat me.

 

Sen for the ded remeid is none,

Best is that we for dede dispone,

Eftir our deid that lif may we;

100

Timor mortis conturbat me.

WILLIAM DUNBAR 1510

Done is a battell on the dragon blak;

Our campioun Chryst confoundit hes his force:

The yettis of hell ar brokin with a crak,

The signe triumphall rasit is of the croce,

5

The divillis trymmillis with hiddous voce,

The saulis ar borrowit and to the bliss can go,

Chryst with his blud our ransonis dois indoce:

Surrexit Dominus de sepulchro.

 

Dungin is the deidly dragon Lucifer,

10

The crewall serpent with the mortall stang,

The auld kene tegir with his teith on char

Quhilk in a wait hes lyne for us so lang

Thinking to grip us in his clowis strang;

The mercifull lord wald nocht that it wer so,

15

He maid him for to felye of that fang:

Surrexit Dominus de sepulchro.

 

He for our saik that sufferit to be slane

And lyk a lamb in sacrifice wes dicht

Is lyk a lyone rissin up agane

20

And as a gyane raxit him on hicht;

Sprungin is Aurora radius and bricht,

On loft is gone the glorius Appollo,

The blisfull day depairtit fro the nycht:

Surrexit Dominus de sepulchro.

 

25

The grit victour agane is rissin on hicht

That for our querrell to the deth wes woundit;

The sone that wox all paill now schynis bricht,

And dirknes clerit, our fayth is now refoundit;

The knell of mercy fra the hevin is soundit,

30

The Cristin ar deliverit of thair wo,

The Jowis and thair errour ar confoundit:

Surrexit Dominus de sepulchro.

 

The fo is chasit, the battell is done ceis,

The presone brokin, the jevellouris fleit and flemit;

35

The weir is gon, confermit is the peis,

The fetteris lowsit and the dungeoun temit,

The ransoun maid, the presoneris redemit;

The feild is win, ourcumin is the fo,

Dispulit of the tresur that he yemit:

40

Surrexit Dominus de sepulchro.

WILLIAM DUNBAR

In to thir dirk and drublie dayis

Quhone sabill all the hevin arrayis,

With mystie vapouris, cluddis and skyis

Nature all curage me denyis

5

Off sangis, ballattis and of playis.

 

Quhone that the nycht dois lenthin houris

With wind, with haill and havy schouris,

My dulé spreit dois lurk for schoir;

My hairt for langour dois forloir

10

For laik of Symmer with his flouris.

 

I walk, I turne, sleip may I nocht,

I vexit am with havie thocht;

This warld all ovir I cast about,

And ay the mair I am in dout

15

The mair that I remeid have socht.

 

I am assayit on everie syde;

Despair sayis, ‘Ay in tyme provyde

And get sum thing quhairon to leif,

Or with grit trouble and mischeif

20

Thow sail in to this court abyd.’

 

Than Patience sayis, ‘Be not agast;

Hald Hoip and Treuthe within the fast

And lat Fortoun wirk furthe hir rage,

Quhome that no rasoun may assuage

25

Quhill that hir glas be run and past.’

 

And Prudence in my eir sayis ay,

‘Quhy wald thow hald that will away?

Or craif that thow may have mo space,

Thow tending to ane uther place

30

A journay going everie day?’

 

And than sayis Age, ‘My freind, cum neir

And be not strange, I the requeir;

Cum brodir, by the hand me tak;

Remember thow hes compt to mak

35

Off all thi tyme thow spendit heir.’

 

Syne Deid castis upe his yettis wyd

Saying, ‘Thir oppin sail the abyd;

Albeid that thow wer never sa stout,

Undir this lyntall sail thow lowt

40

Thair is nane uther way besyde.’

 

For feir of this all day I drowp:

No gold in kist nor wyne in cowp,

No ladeis bewtie nor luiffis blys

May lat me to remember this,

45

How glaid that ever I dyne or sowp.

 

Yit quhone the nycht begynnis to schort

It dois my spreit sum pairt confort

Off thocht oppressit with the schowris;

Cum lustie Symmer with thi flowris,

50

That I may leif in sum disport.

1515 GAVIN DOUGLAS / VIRGIL from The Aeneid

from Book I [Aeolus Looses the Winds]

Be this was said a grondyn dart leit he glide

And persit the boss hill as the braid syde

Furth at the ilke port wyndis brade in a rout

And with a quhirl blew all the erth about

5

Thai ombeset the seys bustuusly

Quhil fra the deip til every cost fast by

The huge wallis weltris apon hie,

Rollit at anys with storm of wyndis thre

Eurus, Nothus, and the wynd Affricus

10

Quhilkis est, south, and west wyndis hait with us.

Sone efter this of men the clamour rayss,

The takillis, graslis, cabillis can fret and frays

Swith the clowdis hevyn, son, and days lycht

Hyd and byreft furth of the Troianys sycht.

15

Dyrknes as nycht beset the seys about

The firmament gan rummyling rair and rout

The skyis oft lychtnyt with fyry levin

And, schortly bath ayr, sey, and hevin

And every thing mannasit the men to de,

20

Schawand the ded present tofor that e.

from The Proloug of the Sevynt Buik of Eneados

As bryght Phebus, scheyn soverane hevynnys e,

The opposit held of hys chymmys hie,

Cleir schynand bemys, and goldyn symmyris hew,

In laton cullour alteryng haill of new,

5

Kythyng no syng of heyt be hys vissage,

So neir approchit he his wyntir stage;

Reddy he was to entyr the thrid morn

In clowdy skyis undre Capricorn;

All thocht he be the hart and lamp of hevyn,

10

Forfeblit wolx hys lemand gylty levyn,

Throu the declynyng of hys large round speir.

The frosty regioun ryngis of the yer,

The tyme and sesson bittir, cald and paill,

Tha schort days that clerkis clepe brumaill,

15

Quhen brym blastis of the northyn art

Ourquhelmyt had Neptunus in his cart,

And all to-schaik the levis of the treis,

The rageand storm ourweltrand wally seys.

Ryveris ran reid on spait with watir browne,

20

And burnys hurlys all thar bankis downe,

And landbrist rumland rudely with sik beir,

So lowd ne rumyst wild lyoun or ber;

Fludis monstreis, sik as meirswyne or quhalis,

Fro the tempest law in the deip devalis.

25

Mars occident retrograde in his speir,

Provocand stryfe, regnyt as lord that yer;

Rany Oryon with his stormy face

Bewavit oft the schipman by hys race;

Frawart Saturn, chill of complexioun,

30

Throu quhais aspect darth and infectioun

Beyn causyt oft, and mortal pestilens,

Went progressyve the greis of his ascens;

And lusty Hebe, Junoys douchtir gay,

Stude spulyeit of hir office and array.

35

The soyl ysowpit into watir wak,

The firmament ourcast with rokis blak,

The grond fadyt, and fawch wolx all the feildis,

Montane toppis slekit with snaw ourheildis;

On raggit rolkis of hard harsk quhyn-stane

40

With frosyn frontis cauld clynty clewis schane.

Bewté was lost, and barrand schew the landis,

With frostis hair ourfret the feldis standis.

Seir bittir bubbis and the schowris snell

Semyt on the sward a symylitude of hell,

45

Reducyng to our mynd, in every sted,

Gousty schaddois of eild and grisly ded.

Thik drumly skuggis dyrknyt so the hevyn,

Dym skyis oft furth warpit feirfull levyn,

Flaggis of fire, and mony felloun flaw,

50

Scharpe soppys of sleit and of the snypand snaw.

The dolly dichis war all donk and wait,

The law vallé flodderit all with spait,

The plane stretis and every hie way

Full of floschis, dubbis, myre and clay.

55

Laggerit leyis wallowit farnys schew,

Browne muris kythit thar wysnyt mossy hew,

Bank, bra and boddum blanchit wolx and bar.

For gurl weddir growit bestis hair.

The wynd maid waif the red wed on the dyke,

60

Bedowyn in donkis deip was every sike.

Our craggis and the front of rochis seir

Hang gret ische-schouchlis lang as ony speir.

The grond stud barrant, widderit, dosk or gray,

Herbis, flowris and gersis wallowyt away.

45

Woddis, forrestis, with nakyt bewis blowt,

Stude stripyt of thar weid in every howt.

So bustuusly Boreas his bugill blew,

The deyr full dern doun in the dalis drew;

Smale byrdis, flokkand throu thik ronys thrang,

70

In chyrmyng and with cheping changit thar sang,

Sekand hidlis and hyrnys thame to hyde

Fra feirfull thuddis of the tempestuus tyde;

The watir lynnys rowtis, and every lynd

Quhislit and brayt of the swouchand wynd.

75

Puyr lauboraris and bissy husband men

Went wait and wery draglit in the fen.

The silly scheip and thar litil hyrd gromys

Lurkis undre le of bankis, woddis and bromys;

And other dantit grettar bestiall,

80

Within thar stabillis sesyt into stall,

Sik as mulis, horssis, oxin and ky,

Fed tuskyt barys and fat swyne in sty,

Sustenyt war by mannys governance

On hervist and on symmeris purvyance.

(1553)