CHAPTER 1
1. Amanda Seitz, “QAnon’s ‘Save the Children’ Morphs into Popular Slogan,” AP News (October 28, 2020). https://apnews.com/article/election-2020-donald-trump-child-trafficking-illinois-morris-aab978bb7e9b89cd2cea151ca13421a0
2. Q sensitive allows access to special nuclear material (SNM) category 1. An employee with a Q sensitive clearance has access to nuclear weapons design, manufacture, or use data; disclosure could cause exceptionally grave damage to the nation. Q nonsensitive allows access to special nuclear material (SNM) category 2. The higher the SNM category, the more readily the material could be converted to a nuclear explosive device. Categories 1 and 2 require special protection, such as armed guards. “DOE Classification and Security,” (n.d.). https://fas.org/sgp/classdoe.htm; Izabella Kaminska, “Is QAnon a Game Gone Wrong? | FT Film,” Financial Times (October 16, 2020). https://www.ft.com/video/372cac40–0f6f-498b-8c19–7b635142296e
3. Kevin Roose, “What Is QAnon, the Viral Pro-Trump Conspiracy Theory?” New York Times (March 4, 2021). https://www.nytimes.com/article/what-is-qanon.html
4. “The Making of QAnon: A Crowdsourced Conspiracy,” Bellingcat (January 7, 2021). https://www.bellingcat.com/news/americas/2021/01/07/the-making-of-qanon-a-crowdsourced-conspiracy/
6. Roose, “What Is QAnon?”
7. Will Sommer, “Inside the Completely Nutso Universe of QAnon: An Explainer for the Conspiracy Theory That’s Taking over the GOP,” Daily Beast (August 21, 2020). https://www.thedailybeast.com/what-is-qanon-a-deep-look-inside-the-nutso-conspiracy-theory-infecting-our-politics
8. Ramona Duoba, “QAnon: The Search for Q,” Provokr (January 26, 2021). https://www.provokr.com/tv/QAnon-the-search-for-q/
9. David Gilbert, “The Democrats’ Lazy QAnon Attack Ad Will Only Make Things Worse,” Vice News (February 3, 2021). https://www.vice.com/en/article/epd8d4/the-democrats-lazy-qanon-attack-ad-will-only-make-things-worse
10. Marc-André Argentino, “Twitter / @_MAArgentino: Congresswomen, Lawyers, Doctors . . .” (February 3, 2021). https://twitter.com/_MAArgentino/status/1356834269738467328?s=20
11. Daniel Morrison, “Evidence of the People Responsible for ‘Qanon’ Being Responsible for ‘Qanon,’” Medium (January 26, 2021). https://daniel-ed-morrison.medium.com/evidence-of-the-people-responsible-for-qanon-being-responsible-for-qanon-779c357da8ae
12. Duoba, “QAnon: The Search for Q”; Cullen Hoback, Q: Into the Storm, HBO, 2021. https://www.hbo.com/q-into-the-storm
13. Mike Pesca, “What ISIS Can Tell US About QAnon,” Slate (September 15, 2020). https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/09/qanon-clint-watts-isis-comparisons-gist-transcript.html
14. “Dread Pirate Roberts,” Princess Bride Wiki, Fandom.com (n.d.). https://princessbride.fandom.com/wiki/Dread_Pirate_Roberts
15. Brandy Zadrozny and Ben Collins, “How Three Conspiracy Theorists Took ‘Q’ and Sparked Qanon,” NBC News (August 14, 2018). https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/how-three-conspiracy-theorists-took-q-sparked-QAnon-n900531
16. Duoba, “QAnon: The Search for Q.”
17. Kaminska, “Is QAnon a Game Gone Wrong?”
18. Great Big Story, “Cracking the Code of Cicada 3301,” YouTube (August 14, 2019). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RatbYqc0-jE
19. Izabella Kaminska, “The ‘Game Theory’ in the Qanon Conspiracy Theory,” Financial Times (October 16, 2020). https://www.ft.com/content/74f9d20f-9ff9-4fad-808f-c7e4245a1725
20. Kaminska, “Is QAnon a Game Gone Wrong?”
21. Reed Berkowitz, “A Game Designer’s Analysis of QAnon,” The Street (January 22, 2021). https://www.thestreet.com/phildavis/news/a-game-designers-analysis-of-qanon
22. Morrison, “Evidence of the People Responsible for ‘Qanon’ Being Responsible for ‘Qanon.’”
23. Conspirador Norteño, “Twitter / @conspirator0: #FollowTheWhiteRabbit . . .” (November 18, 2017). https://twitter.com/conspirator0/status/931983301597913088?s=20
24. Zadrozny and Collins, “How Three Conspiracy Theorists Took ‘Q’ and Sparked Qanon.”
25. Conspirador Norteño, “Twitter / @conspirator0: The #UraniumOne hashtag . . .” (November 2, 2017). https://twitter.com/conspirator0/status/926277839430848513?s=20
26. William Turton and Joshua Brustein, “QAnon Was on the Fringe Until This Citigroup Executive Came Along,” Financial Review (October 14, 2020). https://www.afr.com/world/north-america/qanon-was-on-the-fringe-until-this-citigroup-executive-came-along-20201013-p564j7
27. Duoba, “QAnon: The Search for Q.”
28. Kaminska, “The ‘Game Theory’ in the Qanon Conspiracy Theory.”
29. “Protected: Q Files: Manual Chavez III Interviewed,” Samizdat (March 13, 2020). https://therealsamizdat.com/tag/QAnon/
30. Ibid.
31. Patrick Lucas Austin, “What Is 8chan? Shooter Left Racist Screed on Message Board,” Time (August 5, 2019). https://time.com/5644314/8chan-shootings/; Brian Dunning, “How to Extract Adrenochrome from Children,” “Skeptoid” podcast #750 (October 20, 2020). https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4750?gclid=Cj0KCQiA3-4OBBhCcARIsAG32uvMnCIuSn4pOdHmnzKwIlqwuQQiA3mWQVRzNMV16YjuiWzv9s9ovedEaAjSdEALw_wcB; Tanner Sherlock, “The Legacy of GamerGate. How an Online Mob Catalyzed the Alt-Right,” Medium (October 22, 2020). https://medium.com/engl-201/gamergate-and-trump-how-a-small-internet-movement-gave-rise-to-the-alt-right-a6cb8509c3e
32. Hoback, Q: Into the Storm.
33. Duoba, “QAnon: The Search for Q.”
34. A.J. Vicens and Alie Breland, “QAnon Is Supposed to Be All About Protecting Kids. Its Primary Enabler Appears to Have Hosted Child Porn Domains.” https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2020/10/jim-watkins-child-pornography-domains/
35. William Turton and Joshua Brustein, “Who Is QAnon Evangelist, QMap Creator, and Former Citigroup Exec Jason Gelinas?,” Bloomberg (October 7, 2020). https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020%E2%80%9310%E2%80%9307/who-is-qanon-evangelist-qmap-creator-and-former-citigroup-exec-jason-gelinas
36. Craig Silverman and Jane Lytvynenko, “The Owner of 8chan Has Created a News Source for Internet Trolls,” BuzzFeed News (February 22, 2017). https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/meet-the-online-porn-pioneer-who-created-a-news-site-for-int
37. Ibid.
38. Reddit Calm Before the Storm r/CBTS_Stream, https://web.archive.org/web/20180111150259/https://www.reddit.com/r/CBTS_Stream/
39. Zadrozny and Collins, “How Three Conspiracy Theorists Took ‘Q’ and Sparked Qanon.”
40. Duoba, “QAnon: The Search for Q.”
41. Zadrozny and Collins, “How Three Conspiracy Theorists Took ‘Q’ and Sparked Qanon.”
42. Duoba, “QAnon: The Search for Q”; Hoback, Q: Into the Storm.
43. Duoba, “QAnon: The Search for Q.”
44. “Reddit Bans QAnon Subreddits for Inciting ‘Violence,’” Daily Beast (September 12, 2018). https://www.thedailybeast.com/redditbans-qanon-subreddits-for-inciting-violence
45. Zadrozny and Collins, “How Three Conspiracy Theorists Took ‘Q’ and Sparked Qanon.”
46. Kevin Roose, “‘Shut the Site Down,’ Says the Creator of 8chan, a Megaphone for Gunmen,” New York Times (August 4, 2019). https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/04/technology/8chan-shooting-manifesto.html
47. Makena Kelly, “8chan ‘Has No Intent of Deleting Constitutionally Protected Hate Speech,’ Owner Tells Congress,” The Verge (September 5, 2019). https://www.theverge.com/2019/9/5/20850791/8chan-hate-speech-delete-jim-watkins-infinitechan-el-paso-shooting-racist-white-supremacist
48. Ibid.
49. https://www.christchurchcall.com/
50. Turton and Brustein “Who Is QAnon Evangelist . . .”
51. Ibid.
52. Turton and Brustein “QAnon Was on the Fringe . . .”
53. Turton and Brustein, “Who Is QAnon Evangelist . . .”
54. James Walker, “The QAnon Super PAC Was a Flop,” Washington Monthly (November 18, 2020). https://washingtonmonthly.com/2020/11/18/the-QAnon-super-pac-was-a-flop/
55. Alex Kaplan, “Here Are the QAnon Supporters Running for Congress in 2020,” Media Matters (January 7, 2020). https://www.mediamatters.org/qanon-conspiracy-theory/here-are-qanon-supporters-running-congress-2020
56. Chris Francescani, “The Men Behind QAnon,” ABC News (September 22, 2020). https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/men-qanon/story?id=73046374
57. “Country of Liars,” “Reply All” podcast #166 (September 18, 2020), https://gimletmedia.com/shows/reply-all/llhe5nm
58. Rachel E Greenspan, “Who Is Q: Why People Think Jim Watkins Leads QAnon Conspiracy Theory,” Insider (October 7, 2020). https://www.insider.com/who-is-q-why-people-think-jim-watkins-qanon-8chan-2020–10
59. Jacob Silverman, “Is This Q? A New HBO Documentary Investigates the First Family of QAnon,” New Republic (March 23, 2021). https://newrepublic.com/article/161775/q-qanon-hbo-ronwatkins
60. Martin Geddes, “10 Essays of ‘On Q’ with Robert David Steele” (August 20, 2020). https://www.martingeddes.com/10-essays-of-on-q-with-robert-david-steele/
61. Komorusan 714, “Going After Child Hunters—Robert David Steele,” YouTube (November 28, 2018). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODZo21ge-8g
62. Ibid.
63. https://www.itv.com/news/2018–11–22/lucky-17-q-and-the-tippy-top-president-how-conspiracy-theories-are-being-turbo-charged-into-donald-trumps-america
64. https://mikeflynndefensefund.org/ has been disabled. The content is described by the Daily Mail: Nikki Schwab, “Mike Flynn Endorses QAnon Merchandise,” Daily Mail (December 30, 2020). https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9100139/Mike-Flynn-endorses-selling-QAnon-merchandise-pays-legal-defense-fund.html
65. Will Sommer, “Michael Flynn Is Now Selling QAnon Merch,” Daily Beast (November 29, 2020).
66. Correspondence with presidential historian Douglas Brinkley who asked the Kennedy family. Dr. Joseph Brown also checked the boat himself and confirmed with the archivist at the JFK Library that neither of JFK’s two boats, the Victura (on the UMB campus) or the other sailboat, the Honey Fitz, ever contained a bell.
67. Adrienne LaFrance interview with Anderson Cooper, “CNN Special Reports: Inside the QAnon Conspiracy,” (February 6, 2021). Transcript available at http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/2102/06/csr.01.html
68. The tweet is now deleted as the account has been suspended. @D3M0_Anon (August 6, 2018). https://twitter.com/D3M0_Anon/status/1026464797133422593
69. “Trump Aide Michael Flynn Jnr out After ‘Pizzagate’ Tweets,” BBC News (December 7, 2016). https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38231532
70. Salvador Hernandez, “Russian Trolls Spread Baseless Conspiracy Theories Like Pizzagate and QAnon After the Election,” Buzzfeed News (August 15, 2018). https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/salvadorhernandez/russian-trolls-spread-baseless-conspiracy-theories-like
71. Anna Merlan, “The Conspiracy Singularity Has Arrived,” Vice News (July 17, 2020). https://www.vice.com/en/article/v7gz53/the-conspiracy-singularity-has-arrived
72. However not all Catholics accept the second Vatican. Mel Gibson, for example, does not and neither does his 2004 film The Passion of the Christ, which reinforced the centuries-old myths about Jewish culpability for the millions of moviegoers who watched it.
73. “Blood Libel,” in Holocaust Encyclopedia. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (n.d.). https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/blood-libel
74. Andrew Desiderio, “Franken Compares Trump Ad to Elders of Zion,” Daily Beast (April 13, 2017). https://www.thedailybeast.com/cheats/2016/11/06/franken-compares-trump-ad-to-elders-of-zion
75. Jason Stanley, “Movie at the Ellipse: A Study in Fascist Propaganda,” Just Security (February 14, 2021). https://www.justsecurity.org/74504/movie-at-the-ellipse-a-study-in-fascist-propaganda
76. “Why Is Billionaire George Soros a Bogeyman for the Hard Right?” BBC News (September 7, 2019). https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-49584157
77. Victoria Bekiempis, “Cesar Sayoc, Who Sent Pipe Bombs to Trump Critics, Gets 20 Years in Prison,” The Guardian (August 5, 2019). https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/aug/05/cesar-sayoc-sentencing-pipe-bombs-targets-trump-critics
78. Dunning, “How to Extract Adrenochrome from Children.”
79. Ibid.
80. Anti-Defamation League, “Blood Libel: A False, Incendiary Claim Against Jews” (n.d.). https://www.adl.org/education/resources/glossary-terms/blood-libel
81. BlueTooth Truther. “Jew Ritual BLOOD LIBEL Sacrifice is #ADRENOCHROME Harvesting,” YouTube (September 9, 2015). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYCG30D8lkg
82. Roland Betancourt, “What the QAnon of the 6th Century Reveals About Conspiracies,” Time (February 3, 2021). https://time.com/5935586/QAnon-6th-century-conspiracies/
83. Anti-Defamation League, “Blood Libel.”
84. “Blood Libel,” in Holocaust Encyclopedia.
85. Niv M. Sultan, “The Story of America’s First—and Only—Blood Libel,” NYU News (September 10, 2019). https://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2019/september/berenson-on-massena-blood-libel.html
86. “Daily Life: Food Laws—Practices in Judaism,” BBC—Bitesize (n.d.). https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv626yc/revision/8
87. Leviticus 7:26–27: https://biblehub.com/leviticus/17–14.htm
88. Marvin Perry and Frederick M. Schweitzer, eds., Anti-Semitic Myths: A Historical and Contemporary Anthology (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008), 3.
89. Sommer, “Inside the Completely Nutso Universe of QAnon.”
90. Ibid.
91. Seek Truth, “Adrenochrome Users Exposed: #RobertDavid-Steele #Davidicke #Billcooper #Adrenochrome #Childtrafficking,” YouTube (May 7, 2020). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQ7-xDsC2KE
92. MrLen, “Did Icke Rip Off the Old ‘V’ TVSeries?” CosmoQuest Forums (May 7, 2004). https://forum.cosmoquest.org/showthread.php?11257-Did-Icke-rip-off-the-old-quot-V-quot-tv-series
93. Ben Collins, “QAnon’s Dominion Voter Fraud Conspiracy Theory Reaches the President,” NBC News, November 13, 2020.NBC News (November 13, 2020). https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/q-fades-qanon-s-dominion-voter-fraud-conspiracy-theory-reaches-n1247780
94. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tjdswqGGVg&list=PLr4E97YzUfEMIr23hzOBmk9mg-z8TDOXj
CHAPTER 2
1. Marissa L. Jang, “Trump Supporters Plan DC Rally on Day Congress Certifies Election Results,” Washington Post (December 22, 2020). https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-trump-rally-january-6-protests/2020/12/22/1c94ab7a-447a-11eb-a277–49a6d1f9dff1_story.html; Atlantic Council DFRLab, “#Stop the Steal Timeline of Social Media and Extremist Activities Leading to 1/6 Insurrection,” Just Security (February 10, 2021). https://www.justsecurity.org/74622/stopthesteal-timeline-of-social-media-and-extremist-activities-leading-to-1–6-insurrection/
2. David Kirkpatrick, Mike MacIntire, and Christian Triebert, “Fundraisers Piled Up Cash for Caravans to DC,” New York Times (January 17, 2021). https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2021/jan/17/fundraisers-piled-up-cash-for-caravans-to-dc/
3. Lili Loofbourow, “It Makes Perfect Sense That QAnon Took off with Women This Summer,” Slate (September 18, 2020). https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/09/QAnon-women-why.html
4. Luke Mogelson, “A Reporter’s Video from Inside the Capitol Siege,” New Yorker (January 17, 2021). https://www.newyorker.com/video/watch/a-reporters-footage-from-inside-the-capitol-siege
5. Donie O’Sullivan, “Watch CNN Go Inside a Gathering of QAnon Followers,” CNN Business (February 5, 2021). https://www.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/05/inside-qanon-culture-meeting-donie-osullivan-pkg-ctn-vpx.cnn
6. Seth G. Jones and Martin C. Libicki, How Terrorist Groups End: Lessons for Countering al Qa’ida. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2008.
7. Elizabeth Gillespie McRae, “Marjorie Taylor Greene Is Just the Latest White Radical Woman Poisoning Politics,” Washington Post (February 26, 2021). https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/02/06/marjorie-taylor-greene-is-just-latest-radical-white-woman-poisoning-politics/
8. Seyward Darby, Sisters in Hate: American Women on the Front Lines of White Nationalism. New York: Little Brown, 2020.
9. Seyward Darby, cited in E. J. Dickson, “How Do Women Become White Supremacists?” Rolling Stone (July 15, 2020). https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/seyward-darby-sisters-in-hate-female-white-supremacists-1029109/
10. Mona Eltawahy, “White Women Storm the Capitol,” Feminist Giant (January 10, 2021). https://www.feministgiant.com/p/white-women-storm-the-capitol
11. Craig Silverman, Jane Lytvynenko, and Pranav Dixit, “How ‘The Women for America First’ Bus Tour Led to the Capitol Coup Attempt,” BuzzFeed News (January 26, 2021). https://www.buzzfeed-news.com/article/craigsilverman/maga-bus-tour-coup
12. Drew Harwell, Isaac Stanley-Becker, Razzan Nakhlawi, and Craig Timberg, “QAnon Reshaped Trump’s Party and Radicalized Believers: The Capitol Siege May Just Be the Start,” Washington Post (January 14, 2021). https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/01/13/qanon-capitol-siege-trump/
13. Ellen Barry, Nicholas Bogel-Burroughs, and Dave Philipps, “Woman Killed in Capitol Embraced Trump and QAnon,” New York Times (January 20, 2021). https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/07/us/who-was-ashli-babbitt.html
14. Ibid.
15. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/ProtestAccess/posts/246152553795723
16. Anna North, “White Women’s Role in White Supremacy Explained,” Vox (January 15, 2021). https://www.vox.com/2021/1/15/22231079/capitol-riot-women-QAnon-white-supremacy
17. Evan Hill, Arielle Ray, and Dahlia Kozlowsky, “Videos Show How Rioter Was Trampled in Stampede at Capitol,” New York Times (January 15, 2021). https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/15/us/rosanne-boyland-capitol-riot-death.html
18. Ibid.
19. Wayne Drash and Sarah Rose, “Kennesaw Woman Who Died Amid DC Chaos Was Among Trump’s ‘Biggest Fans,’” Georgia Public Broadcasting (January 8, 2021). https://www.gpb.org/news/2021/01/08/kennesaw-woman-who-died-amid-dc-chaos-was-among-trumps-biggest-fans
20. Aneesa Miller, “Say Her Name,” Sentinel Tribune, letter to the editor (January 19, 2021), https://www.sent-trib.com/opinion/say-her-name-roseanne-boyland/article_0854de4a-5a74–11eb-863d-eb20b9bf0f9a.html
21. Reuters, “Trump to Blame for the Death of Woman Trampled in Capitol Riot” (January 8, 2021). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-deaths/trump-to-blame-for-death-of-woman-trampled-in-capitol-riot-family-member-says-idUSKBN29D2B1
22. Drash and Rose, “Kennesaw Woman Who Died Amid DC Chaos . . .”
23. Mea Watkins, Meghan Packer, and Rhiannon Youngbauer, “Kennesaw Woman Among People Who Died at D.C. Riot,” CBS46 (January 7, 2021). https://www.cbs46.com/news/kennesaw-woman-among-people-who-died-at-d-c-riot/article_1a7950a8-5112-11eb-bbe7-37a8f7f03703.html#:~:text=Washington%20D.C.%20Metropolitan%20Police%20Department, medical%20emergency%20during%20the%20protests.
24. Mariel Padilla, “The Spread of Conspiracies and Disinformation by Women on Social Media,” 19th News (October 19, 2020). https://19thnews.org/2020/10/19th-explains-women-disinformation-election-2020/
25. Ciaran O’Connor, “TikTok Fails to Stop the Spread of QAnon Conspiracies on Its Platform,” ISD (October 16, 2020). https://www.isdglobal.org/digital_dispatches/tiktok-fails-to-stop-spread-of-QAnon-conspiracy/
26. Facebook, “An Update to How We Address Movements and Organizations Tied to Violence” (August 19, 2020).
27. Ibid.
28. Conversations with Erin Saltman and Dina Hussein at Facebook as part of the Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism and the author.
29. Harwell, Stanley-Becker, Nakhlawi, and Timberg, “QAnon Reshaped Trump’s Party . . .”
30. Parler data collected by the Evidence Based Cyber Security research group. The Parler post linked to a local news story: https://www.kusi.com/kusi-news-confirms-identity-of-woman-shot-and-killed-inside-us-capitol/
31. Marc-André Argentino and Adnan Raja, “Ashli Babbitt: A Far-Right Martyr of the Insurrection.” GNET (January 13, 2021). https://gnet-research.org/2021/01/13/ashli-babbitt-a-far-right-martyr-of-the-insurrection/
32. Ibid.
33. Eltawahy, “White Women Storm the Capitol.”
34. Rob O’Dell and Richard Ruelas, “QAnon, False Flags, and Baby-Eating Liberals,” Arizona Republic (October 1, 2020). https://www.azcentral.com/in-depth/news/local/arizona-investigations/2020/10/01/how-arizona-patriots-have-built-community-around-conspiracy-theories/3486382001/
35. Lois Beckett, “QAnon: A Timeline of Violence Linked to the Conspiracy Theory,” The Guardian (October 16, 2020). https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/oct/15/qanon-violence-crimes-timeline
36. Sarah Jean Green, “God Told Me He Was a Lizard,” Seattle Times (January 8, 2019). https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/crime/god-told-me-he-was-a-lizard-seattle-man-accused-of-killing-his-brother-with-a-sword/
37. “He Wasn’t Seeking to Kill a Mob Boss, He Was Trying to Help,” New York Times (July 21, 2019). https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/21/nyregion/gambino-shooting-anthony-comellofrank-cali.html
38. Brittany Shammas, “A Mother Teamed Up Qanon Followers to Kidnap Her Son,” Washington Post (January 8, 2020). https://www.washington-post.com/crime-law/2020/01/08/mother-teamed-up-with-qanon-followers-kidnap-her-son-protective-custody-police-say/
39. Ibid.
40. Will Sommer, “QAnon Believer Teamed Up with Conspiracy Theorists to Plot Kidnapping, Police Say,” Daily Beast (January 4, 2020). https://www.thedailybeast.com/cynthia-abcug-qanon-conspiracy-theorist-charged-in-kidnapping-plot
41. Richard Winton, “FBI Looks for Ties to Extremist Groups in Train Derailment Near Hospital Ship Mercy,” LA Times (April 2, 2020). https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020–04–02/fbi-train-derailment-mercy-naval-ship-extremist-groups
42. Larry Celona and Kenneth Garger, “Ranting Illinois Stripper Carrying 18 Knives Livestreams Arrest Outside USS Intrepid,” New York Post (April 30, 2020). https://nypost.com/2020/04/30/illinois-stripper-live-streams-arrest-outside-the-uss-intrepid/
43. Jim Hagerty, “Former Illinois Woman Arrested with Knives: ‘I am the Coronavirus,’” Rock River Times (May 15, 2020). http://rock-rivertimes.com/2020/05/15/former-illinois-woman-arrested-with-knives-i-am-the-coronavirus/
44. “Exotic Fire Dancer, QAnon Follower Arrested Near USNS Comfort with Car Full of Knives,” NBC4 NY (April 30, 2020). https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/exotic-fire-dancer-arrested-in-nycoutside-usns-comfort-with-car-full-of-knives/2396217/
45. “Corey Hurren Accused in Rideau Hall Attack,” CBC News (July 17, 2020). https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/corey-hurren-ride-au-date-for-bail-hearing-1.5653252
46. Julian Feeld, “Texas QAnon Supporter Used Car to Attack Strangers She Believed Were ‘Pedophiles,’” Right Wing Watch (August 20, 2020). https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/texas-qanon-car-attack-cecilia-fulbright/
47. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/mcsoflorida/posts/3670231042997477
48. Will Sommer, “Another QAnon Mom Has Allegedly Kidnapped Her Kid,” Daily Beast (October 1, 2020). https://www.thedailybeast.com/another-qanon-mom-has-allegedly-kidnapped-her-kid?ref=author
49. Rebekah Sager, “Mother of Infamous Horned Shirtless Capitol Rioter Says Her Son Is a Great Patriot,” KNX Newsradio 1070 (January 11, 2021). https://www.radio.com/knx1070/news/national/mother-of-capitol-rioter-says-her-son-is-a-great-patriot
50. Farnoush Amiri and Dan Sewell, “‘Just Shocked’: a Town Reckons with Charges in Capitol Riot,” Associated Press (January 29, 2021). https://apnews.com/article/capitol-siege-columbus-media-social-media-ohio-b033c3b44e9a260a26dc10172dc7e7cd
51. “Former Left-Wing Extremist Tried for Failed Attacks in the 1980s,” Deutche Welle (April 13, 2007). https://www.dw.com/en/former-left-wing-extremist-tried-for-failed-attacks-in-1980s/a-2438945
52. Rote Zora, “Resistance Is Possible: Interview with Two Members of Rote Zora,” Freilassung (June 1984). http://www.freilassung.de/otherl/arm/rzora84.htm
53. Carrie Hamilton, “Why Do Women Become ETA Terrorists?” The Guardian (21 October 2009). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/6397643/Iratxe-Sorzabal-Diaz-why-do-women-become-ETA-terrorists.html
54. Nick Meo and Fiona Govan, “ETA Resurgent on 50th Anniversary as Women Come to the Fore,” The Telegraph (August 2, 2009). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/5956832/Eta-resurgent-on-50th-anniversary-as-women-come-to-the-fore.html
55. Interviews conducted by the author, Belfast 2009.
56. Julie Peteet, Gender in Crisis: Women and the Palestinian Resistance Movement. New York: Columbia University Press, 1992, 155.
57. Mia Bloom, Dying to Kill: The Allure of Suicide Terrorism. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.
58. Darby, Sisters in Hate, 11.
59. Annie Kelly, “Mothers for QAnon.” New York Times (September 10, 2020)., https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/10/opinion/qanon-women-conspiracy.html
60. Brian Friedberg, “The Dark Virality of Hollywood Blood Harvesting Conspiracy,” Wired (July 31, 2020). https://www.wired.com/story/opinion-the-dark-virality-of-a-hollywood-blood-harvesting-conspiracy/
61. Paris Martineau, “How Chrissy Teigen and John Legend Became Victims of a Horrible New Conspiracy Theory,” New York Magazine (January 2, 2018). https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/01/what-happened-with-chrissy-teigen-on-twitter-an-explainer.html
62. Sopan Deb, “Roseanne Barr’s Tweets Didn’t Come out of Nowhere,” New York Times (May 29, 2018). https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/29/arts/television/twitter-posts-roseanne-barr.html
63. Marjorie Taylor Greene’s videos posted to Travis View’s (real name: Logan Strain) Twitter timeline. https://twitter.com/travis_view/status/1345792096339456004?s=20
64. Asawin Suebsaeng and Will Sommer, “Team Trump Finally Disavows Pizzagate Theorist Who Boasted of Being on 2020 Board,” Daily Beast (January 23, 2019). https://www.thedailybeast.com/team-trump-finally-disavows-pizzagate-theorist-who-boasted-of-being-on-2020-board
65. Criminal complaint for the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, case UI6036846, Pizzagate incident reprinted in New York Times (December 5, 2016). https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/05/us/document-Edgar-Welch-Criminal-Complaint-Comet-Ping-Pong.html
66. Gabrielle Bruney, “Unpacking QAnon: A Batsh*t Conspiracy Theory Tailor-Made for the Trump Era,” Esquire (July 24, 2020). https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a22646546/q-anon-trump-conspiracy-theory-explained/
67. Spencer S. Hsu, “Pizzagate Gunman Says He Was Foolish, Reckless, Mistaken—and Sorry,” Washington Post (June 14, 2017). https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/pizzagate-shooter-apologizes-in-handwritten-letter-for-his-mistakes-ahead-of-sentencing/2017/06/13/f35126b6–5086–11e7-be25–3a519335381c_story.html
68. E. J. Dickson, “The Birth of QAmom,” Rolling Stone (September 2, 2020). https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/qanon-mom-conspiracy-theory-parents-sex-trafficking-qamom-1048921/
69. Quoted in Kelly, “Mothers for QAnon.”
70. Snejana Farberov, “QAnon Supporters Charged with DWI and Assault,” Daily Mail (August 21, 2020). https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8651451/Drunk-QAnon-supporter-30-chased-two-motorists-thought-pedophiles.html
71. Ibid.
72. Sabrina Tavernise, “‘Trump Just Used Us and Our Fear’: One Woman’s Journey out of QAnon,” New York Times (January 30, 2021). https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/29/us/leaving-qanon-conspiracy.html?smid=tw-share
73. Kelly, “Mothers for QAnon.”
74. Ibid.
75. Beckett, “QAnon: A Timeline of Violence Linked to the Conspiracy Theory.”
76. Bridget Johnson, “Wray Explains Antifa, Qanon, Boogaloo, and Racially Motivated Violence at Threats Hearing,” Homeland Security Today (September 18, 2020). https://www.hstoday.us/subject-matter-areas/counterterrorism/wray-explains-antifa-QAnon-boogaloo-and-racially-motivated-violence-at-threats-hearing/
77. Tavernise, “‘Trump Just Used Us and Our Fear.’”
78. Michael Jensen and Sheehan Kane, “QAnon Offenders in the United States,” Study of Terrorism and the Responses to Terrorism (START) (2021). https://www.start.umd.edu/pubs/START_PIRUS_QAnon_Feb2021_0.pdf
79. Ibid.
80. Hallie Jackson and Dareh Gregorian, “RNC Cancels Speaker Mary Ann Mendoza After She Promoted QAnon Anti-Semitic Conspiracies,” NBC News (August 25, 2020). https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/rnc-cancels-speaker-mary-ann-mendoza-after-she-promoted-qanon-n1238109
81. Will Sommer, “RNC Speaker Cancelled After Boosting QAnon Conspiracy About Jewish Plot to Enslave the World,” Daily Beast (August 27, 2020). https://www.thedailybeast.com/rnc-speaker-boosts-qanon-conspiracy-theory-about-jewish-plot-to-enslave-the-world-1
82. Over the past year, I have accessed QAnon Telegram chatrooms as part of my research on terrorism and social media. See also Loofbourow, “It Makes Perfect Sense That QAnon Took off with Women This Summer.”
83. Loofbourow, “It Makes Perfect Sense That QAnon Took off with Women This Summer.”
84. Reed Berkowitz, “A Game Designer’s Analysis of QAnon,” The Street (January 22, 2021). https://www.thestreet.com/phildavis/news/a-game-designers-analysis-of-qanon
85. Dickson, “The Birth of QAmom.”
86. Rachel E. Greenspan, “Lifestyle Influencers Using COVID-19 to Spread QAnon Conspiracy Theory,” Insider (May 15, 2020). https://www.insider.com/lifestyle-influencers-using-covid-19-to-spread-qanon-conspiracy-theory-2020-5
87. Berkowitz, “A Game Designer’s Analysis of QAnon.”
88. Ibid.
89. Fareed Zakaria interview with Bill Gates, CNN GPS (February 28, 2021). https://www.cnn.com/videos/tv/2021/02/28/exp-gps-0228-bill-gates-covid-19.cnn
90. Izabella Kaminska, “The ‘Game Theory’ in the Qanon Conspiracy Theory,” Financial Times (October 16, 2020). https://www.ft.com/content/74f9d20f-9ff9-4fad-808f-c7e4245a1725
91. Greenspan, “Lifestyle Influencers Using COVID-19 to Spread QAnon Conspiracy Theory.”
92. Tavernise, “‘Trump Just Used Us and Our Fear.’”
93. Ibid.
94. Rachel E. Greenspan and Gabby Landsverk, “How QAnon Infiltrated the Yoga World,” Insider (November 11, 2020). https://www.insider.com/qanon-conspiracy-theory-yoga-influencer-took-over-world-2020-11
95. Eli Pariser, The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You. London: Penguin, 2011.
96. Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Penguin, 2011.
97. Union College, “Who Believes in Conspiracy Theories: New Research Offers a Theory,” Science Daily (September 25, 2018). https://www.science-daily.com/releases/2018/09/180925075108.htm
98. Tavernise, “‘Trump Just Used Us and Our Fear.’”
99. Sue Greenwood, “How British Grannies Are Spreading QAnon Conspiracy Theory Memes on Facebook,” The Conversation (September 25, 2020). https://ray.yorksj.ac.uk/id/eprint/4781/1/how-british-grannies-are-spreading-QAnon-conspiracy-theory-memes-on-facebook-145820
100. Anne Helen Petersen, “The Real Housewives of QAnon: How QAnon Used #SaveTheChildren to Lure Suburban Moms,” Elle (October 29, 2020). https://www.elle.com/culture/a34485099/qanon-conspiracy-suburban-women/
101. Christopher Wray, “Worldwide Threats to the Homeland,” statement before the House Homeland Security Committee (September 17, 2020). https://www.fbi.gov/news/testimony/worldwide-threats-to-the-homeland-091720
102. Travis M. Andrews, “She Fell into QAnon and Went Viral for Destroying a Target Mask Display. Now She’s Rebuilding Her Life,” Washington Post (November 11, 2020). https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/11/11/masks-QAnon-target-melissa-rein-lively/
103. Ibid.
104. Padilla, “The Spread of Conspiracies and Disinformation by Women on Social Media.”
105. North, “White Women’s Role in White Supremacy Explained.”
106. Haiyan Jia, an assistant journalism professor at Lehigh University, cited in Padilla, “The Spread of Conspiracies and Disinformation by Women on Social Media.”
107. Jennifer Senior, “The Women Who Paved the Way for Marjorie Taylor Greene,” New York Times (February 7, 2021). https://www.ny-times.com/2021/02/07/opinion/marjorie-taylor-greene-republican-women.html
108. Kaylen Ralph, “Marjorie Taylor Greene and Lauren Boebert Are the Women of Trump’s Republican Party,” Teen Vogue (February 5, 2021). https://www.teenvogue.com/story/marjorie-taylor-green-lauren-boebert-republican-women-congress
109. Daniel A. Cox and John Halpin, “Conspiracy Theories, Misinformation, COVID-19, and the 2020 Election,” Survey Center on American Life (October 13, 2020). https://www.americansurveycenter.org/research/conspiracy-theories-misinformation-covid-19-and-the-2020-election/
110. Loofbourow, “It Makes Perfect Sense That QAnon Took off with Women This Summer.”
111. Greenspan and Landsverk, “How QAnon Infiltrated the Yoga World.”
112. Casey Newton, “How the ‘Plandemic’ Video Hoax Went Viral,” The Verge (May 12, 2020). https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/12/21254184/how-plandemic-went-viral-facebook-youtube
113. Davey Alba, “Virus Conspiracists Elevate a New Champion,” New York Times (May 9, 2020). https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/09/technology/plandemic-judy-mikovitz-coronavirus-disinformation.html
114. Ibid.
115. Jane Lytvynenko, “The ‘Plandemic’ Video Has Exploded Online—And It Is Filled with Falsehoods,” BuzzFeed News (May 7, 2020). https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/janelytvynenko/coronavirus-plandemic-viral-harmful-fauci-mikovits
116. Greenspan and Landsverk, “How QAnon Infiltrated the Yoga World.”
117. Ibid.
118. Adam Lewental, “I Think Dan Brown Turned My Parents into QAnoners,” Salon (December 19, 2020). https://www.salon.com/2020/12/18/QAnon-conspiracy-dan-brown-da-vinci-code/
119. Mama Wolf, Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/informed-mamawolf/posts/173081114193987
120. Greenwood, “How British Grannies Are Spreading QAnon Conspiracy Theory Memes on Facebook.”
121. Mama Wolf, Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/informed-mamawolf/posts/173081114193987
122. Kimi Robinson, “Why Is Wayfair Accused of Trafficking Children?” Arizona Republic (August 17, 2020). https://www.azcentral.com/story/entertainment/life/2020/08/17/wayfair-child-sex-trafficking-conspiracy-theory-reddit-qanon-facts-myths/3345421001/
123. Jonathon Chait, “GOP Congresswomen Blames Wildfires on Secret Jewish Space Laser,” New York Magazine, (January 28, 2021). https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/marjorie-taylor-greene-qanon-wildfires-space-laser-rothschild-execute.html
124. Kelly, “Mothers for QAnon.”
125. Petersen, “The Real Housewives of QAnon.”
126. Daniel A. Cox, “After the Ballots Are Counted: Conspiracies, Political Violence, and American Exceptionalism,” Survey Center on American Life (February 11, 2021). https://www.americansurvey-center.org/research/after-the-ballots-are-counted-conspiracies-political-violence-and-american-exceptionalism/
CHAPTER 3
1. Stephen Marche, “Swallowing the Red Pill: A Journey to the Heart of Modern Misogyny,” The Guardian (April 14, 2016). https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/apr/14/the-red-pill-reddit-modern-misogyny-manosphere-men
2. Sabrina Tavernise, “‘Trump Just Used Us and Our Fear’: One Woman’s Journey out of QAnon,” New York Times (January 30, 2021). https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/29/us/leaving-qanon-conspiracy.html
3. Clark McCauley and Sophia Moskalenko, Friction: How Conflict Radicalizes Them and Us. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016, ch. 7.
4. Richard Gunther, Erik C. Nisbet, 4and Paul Beck, “Trump May Owe His 2016 Victory to ‘Fake News,’” The Conversation (February 15, 2018). https://theconversation.com/trump-may-owe-his-2016-victory-to-fake-news-new-study-suggests-91538
5. Christine R. Harris, “Embarrassment: A Form of Social Pain,” American Scientist, 94 (6)(2006): 524–533. http://charris.ucsd.edu/articles/Harris_AS2006.pdf
6. A. Small, L. Teagno, and K. Selz, “The Relationship of Sex Role to Physical and Psychological Health,” Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 9 (4) (1980): 305–314. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24318152/
7. John Sabini, Social Psychology, 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 1995, ch. 12.
8. Bette L. Bottoms, “Individual Differences in Perceptions of Child Sexual Assault Victims” (1993). http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.414.8837&rep=rep1&type=pdf
9. L. S. Maule and R. K. Goidel, “Adultery, Drugs, and Sex: An Experimental Investigation of Individual Reactions to Unethical Behavior by Public Officials,” Social Science Journal, 40 (1) (2003): 65–78.
10. Bette L. Bottoms, et al., “Explaining Gender Differences in Jurors’ Reactions to Child Sexual Assault Cases,” Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 32 (6) (2014): 789–812.
11. Richard Gunther, Paul A. Beck, and Erik C. Nisbet, “Fake News Did Have a Significant Impact on the Vote in the 2016 Election” (2018). https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/d/12059/files/2015/03/Fake-News-Piece-for-The-Conversation-with-methodological-appendix-11d0ni9.pdf
12. “Bill Cosby: From ‘America’s Dad’ to Disgraced Comic,” BBC News (September 25, 2018). https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-30194819
13. Chiqui Esteban and Manuel Roig-Franzi, “Bill Cosby’s Accusers Now Number 58. Here’s Who They Are,” Washington Post (May 23, 2016). https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/lifestyle/billcosby-women-accusers/
14. Ben Kaye, “Harvey Weinstein Faces New Lawsuit for Sexually Assaulting Underaged Girl,” CoS (December 29, 2019). https://conse-quenceofsound.net/2019/12/harvey-weinstein-sexual-assault-lawsuit-underage-girl/
15. David Klepper, “Checked by Reality, Some QAnon Supporters Seek a Way Out,” AP News (January 29, 2021). https://apnews.com/article/qanon-conspiracy-theory-recovery-4ea47c2966a-41b30ae678e5f471f6070
16. Moira Donegan, “QAnon Conspiracists Believe in a Vast Pedophile Ring,” The Guardian (September 20, 2020). https://www.the-guardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/20/qanon-conspiracy-child-abuse-truth-trump
17. Dave DeNatale, Phil Trexler, and Will Ujek, “Former Cleveland Schools Employee Charged for Alleged Role in Riot at U.S. Capitol,” WKYC Studios (January 14, 2021). https://www.wkyc.com/article/news/crime/christine-priola-federal-charges-riot-united-states-capitol-cleveland-schools-therapist/95-d5138c4d-f3a3-476d-a834-07c28695a9bd#:~:text=According%20to%20documents%20filed%20in, unlawful%20activities%20on%20Capitol%20grounds
18. Katherine Schaeffer, “Among U.S. Couples, Women Do More Cooking and Grocery Shopping Than Men,” PEW Research Center (September 24, 2019). https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/09/24/among-u-s-couples-women-do-more-cooking-and-grocery-shopping-than-men/
19. Maria Cohut, “Women ‘Spend More Time on Housework, Childcare Than Men,’” Medical News Today (October 10, 2017). https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319687
20. Family Caregiver Alliance, “Women and Caregiving: Facts and Figures” (n.d.). https://www.caregiver.org/women-and-caregiving-facts-and-figures/
21. Gabrielle Jackson, “The Female Problem: How Male Bias in Medical Trials Ruined Women’s Health,” The Guardian (November 13, 2019). https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/nov/13/the-female-problem-male-bias-in-medical-trials
22. Hayley Hudson, “How Purdue Pharma and the Sackler Family Perpetrated the Opioid Crisis,” Addiction Center (June 30, 2020). https://www.addictioncenter.com/community/how-purdue-pharma-sackler-family-perpetrated-opioid-crisis/
23. Julia Craven, “Meet the Latest Republican Nominee to Have Expressed Support for QAnon,” Slate (September 16, 2020). https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/09/meet-lauren-witzke-the-qanon-friendly-senate-nominee-in-delaware.html
24. Eliza Relman, “A Republican Who Posed in a QAnon Shirt and Tweeted the Conspiracy Theory’s Hashtag Just Won a Senate Primary in Delaware,” Business Insider (September 16, 2020). https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/world/news/a-republican-who-posed-in-a-qanon-shirt-and-tweeted-the-conspiracy-theorys-hashtag-just-won-a-us-senate-primary-in-delaware/articleshow/78151205.cms
25. E. J. Dickson, “Why Are Fewer Women Than Men Planning to Get a Covid-19 Vaccine,” Rolling Stone (December 4, 2020). https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/women-men-covid-19-vaccine-1099020/
26. Ronan Farrow, “A Pennsylvania Mother’s Path to Insurrection,” New Yorker (February 1, 2021). https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/a-pennsylvania-mothers-path-to-insurrection-capitol-riot
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Wikipedia, “Catholic Church Sexual Abuse Cases” (n.d.). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases
30. Linda Stasi, “Secrets and Lies: Sexual Abuse in the World of Orthodox Judaism,” Harper’s (October 2019). https://harpers.org/archive/2019/10/secrets-and-lies-sexual-abuse-orthodox-jews/
31. Stephanie Russell-Kraft, “The Survivor Who Broke the Shambhala Sexual Assault Story,” Columbia Journalism Review (May 7, 2019). https://www.cjr.org/the_profile/shambhala-buddhist-project-sunshine.php
32. Lauren Gilger, “Female Bloggers Led the Push Against Sexual Abuse in Protestant Churches.” KJZZ (June 24, 2019). https://kjzz.org/content/1023106/female-bloggers-led-push-against-sexual-abuse-protestant-churches
33. Jalal Baig, “The Perils of #MeToo as a Muslim,” The Atlantic (December 21, 2017). https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/12/tariq-ramadan-metoo/548642/
34. Nancy Dillon, “Ashtanga Yoga Guru Pattabhi Jois Accused of Sexual Assault in New Photo,” New York Daily News (October 9, 2018). https://www.nydailynews.com/news/ny-news-ashtanga-founder-photos-allege-sex-assault-20181009-story.html
35. Adrian Horton, “‘He Got Away with It’: How the Founder of Bikram Yoga Built an Empire on Abuse,” The Guardian (November 20, 2019). https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/nov/20/bikramchoudhury-yoga-founder-abuse-netflix-documentary
36. Manuel Roig-Franzia, “Scandal Contorts Future of John Friend, Anusara Yoga,” Washington Post (March 28, 2012). https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/scandal-contorts-future-of-john-friend-anusara-yoga/2012/03/28/gIQAeLVThS_story.html?hpid=z2
37. Kate Shellnutt, “1 in 10 Young Protestants Have Left a Church over Abuse,” Christianity Today (May 21, 2019). https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2019/may/lifeway-protestant-abuse-survey-young-christians-leave-chur.html
38. ABC News/Washington Post, “Seven in 10 Catholics See a Church in Crisis” (May 2002). https://abcnews.go.com/images/PollingUnit/879a2%20Church%20in%20Crisis.pdf
39. S. J. Rossetti, “The Impact of Child Sexual Abuse on Attitudes Toward God and the Catholic Church,” Child Abuse & Neglect, 19 (12), (1995): 1469–1481. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0145213495001001
40. Ibid.
41. Morgan Lee, “Why Someone You Love Might Join QAnon,” Christianity Today (September 9, 2020). https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2020/september-web-only/QAnon-evangelicals-global-conspiracy-theory.html; Katelyn Beaty, “QAnon: The Alternative Religion That’s Coming to Your Church,” Religion News Service (August 17, 2020). https://religionnews.com/2020/08/17/QAnon-the-alternative-religion-thats-coming-to-your-church/
42. Reuters Staff, “Fact Check: Article Falsely Reports Arrest of Pope Francis” (January 12, 2021). https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-factcheck-pope-francis-not-arrested/fact-check-article-falsely-reports-arrest-of-pope-francis-idUSKBN29H2KO
43. Reuters Staff, “Fact Check: Misleading Claims About Tom Hanks, Ellen DeGeneres, and Oprah Winfrey” (August 5, 2020). https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-factcheck-tom-hanks-ellenoprah/fact-check-misleading-claims-about-tom-hanks-ellen-degeneres-and-oprah-winfrey-idUSKCN2511WY
44. Molly Ball, “Donald Trump Didn’t Really Win 52% of White Women in 2016,” Time (October 18, 2018). https://time.com/5422644/trump-white-women-2016/
45. Kaylen Ralph, “White Women’s Support for Trump Remains High in 2020 Election,” Teen Vogue (November 10, 2020). https://www.teenvogue.com/story/white-women-support-trump
46. Aliya Hamid Rao, “Even Breadwinning Wives Don’t Get Equality at Home,” The Atlantic (May 12, 2019). https://www.the-atlantic.com/family/archive/2019/05/breadwinning-wives-gender-inequality/589237/
47. Sonam Sheth, “7 Charts That Show the Glaring Gap Between Men’s and Women’s Salaries in the US,” Business Insider (March 31, 2020). https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/gender-wage-pay-gap-charts-2017-3-1029049751
48. Linda Gorman, “New Evidence on Gender Differences in Promotions and Pay,” National Bureau of Economic Research (February 2007). https://www.nber.org/digest/feb07/new-evidence-gender-differences-promotions-and-pay
49. Taylor D. Roebig, “How Gender Discrimination Affects Women in the Workplace” (August 4, 2020). https://florinroebig.com/workplace-discrimination-women/
50. Axios, “Trump Praises QAnon Supporters: ‘I Understand They Like Me Very Much’” (August 20, 2020). https://www.axios.com/trump-praises-qanon-supporters-i-understand-they-like-me-very-much-42146fb3-bd69-4943-8e80-2f0bcf4b0b17.htm
51. Mariel Padilla, “The Spread of Conspiracies and Disinformation by Women on Social Media,” 19th News (October 19, 2020). https://19thnews.org/2020/10/19th-explains-women-disinformation-election-2020/
52. Donie O’Sullivan, “She Was Stunned by Biden’s Inauguration. How This South Carolina Mom Escaped QAnon,” Madison.com (March 12, 2021). https://madison.com/lifestyles/technology/she-was-stunned-by-bidens-inauguration-how-this-south-carolina-mom-escaped-QAnon/article_fafa0b24-ae41–55e2–8192-dbf5c0aa8dc9.html
53. Ibid.
54. Sky Palma, “‘Hateful Moron’: Trump Supporter’s Business Faces the Internet’s Wrath After Her Anti-Gay Tirade Goes Viral,” Raw Story (December 1, 2020). https://www.rawstory.com/2020/12/hateful-moron-trump-supporters-business-faces-the-internets-wrath-after-her-anti-gay-tirade-goes-viral/
55. Sky Palma, “Beverly Hills Salon Owner Charged with 7 Counts of ‘Aiding and Abetting’ Capitol Riot,” Dead State (February 2, 2021). https://deadstate.org/beverly-hills-salon-owner-charged-with-7-counts-of-aiding-and-abetting-capitol-riot/
56. Karen M. Douglas, Robbie M. Sutton, and Aleksandra Cichocka, “The Psychology of Conspiracy Theories,” Current Directions in Psychological Science, 26 (6) (2017): 538–542. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0963721417718261
57. Ana Aleixo, et al., “A Review of Empirical Studies Investigating Narrative, Emotion and Meaning-Making Modes and Client Process Markers in Psychotherapy,” Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 51 (2021): 31–40. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10879-020-09472-6
58. Gilad Hirschberger, “Collective Trauma and the Social Construction of Meaning,” Frontiers in Psychology, 9 (2018): 1441. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01441
59. Kate Feldman, “Oklahoma Man Tied to QAnon’s #SaveOur-Children Accused of Murdering Girlfriend’s Baby,” New York Daily News (September 29, 2020). https://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/ny-oklahoma-QAnon-save-our-children-murder-20200929-gi42k-kngkbfndfwu56ubhte2ka-story.html
60. S. Gramling, “Tweets Suggest Mom Isn’t Giving up After She’s Arrested for Reportedly Teaming up with a Far-Right Conspiracy Group to Kidnap Her Own Son,” Mamas Uncut (February 5, 2020). https://mamasuncut.com/mom-far-right-conspiracy-group-kidnap-own-son/step1/
61. Tavernise, “‘Trump Just Used Us and Our Fear.’”
62. Celeste Kidd and Benjamin Y. Hayden, “The Psychology and Neuroscience of Curiosity,” Neuron, 88 (3) (2015): 449–460. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635443/
63. S. M. A. Moin, “Storytelling for Minds: Neuroscience’s Approaches to Branding,” in Brand Storytelling in the Digital Age (pp. 41–51). London: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2020.
64. Statista, “Population Density of the United States from 1790 to 2017 in Residents per Square Mile of Land Area” (March 11, 2021). https://www.statista.com/statistics/183475/united-states-population-density/
65. World Atlas, “European Countries by Population Density” (2021). https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/european-countries-by-population-density.html.
66. Belden Russonello & Stewart LLC, “The 2011 Community Preference Survey: What Americans Are Looking for When Deciding Where to Live,” Opinion Research Strategic Communication (March 2011). https://www.builderonline.com/money/economics/80-percent-of-americans-prefer-single-family-homeownership_o
67. Wendell Cox, “America Is More Small Town Than We Think,” New Geography, 9 (2008). https://www.newgeography.com/content/00242-america-more-small-town-we-think
68. Chris Isidore and Tami Luhby, “Turns Out Americans Work Really Hard . . . but Some Want to Work Harder,” CNN Money (July 9, 2015). https://money.cnn.com/2015/07/09/news/economy/americans-work-bush/index.html
69. Alexa Lardieri, “Study: Many Americans Report Feeling Lonely, Younger Generations More So,” U.S. News & World Report (May 1, 2018). https://www.usnews.com/news/health-care-news/articles/2018-05-01/study-many-americans-report-feeling-lonely-younger-generations-more-so
70. Euronews, “Which Is Europe’s Loneliest Country?” (June 29, 2017). https://www.euronews.com/2017/06/29/what-is-europes-loneliest-country
71. Srikant Devaraj and Pankaj Patel, “Change in Psychological Distress in Response to Changes in Residential Mobility During COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the US,” SSRN (May 20, 2020). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3603746
72. Damaris Graeupner and Alin Coman, “The Dark Side of Meaning-Making: How Social Exclusion Leads to Superstitious Thinking,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 69 (2017): 218–222. https://www.princeton.edu/~acoman/Publications_files/The%20Dark%20Side%20of%20Meaning%20Making-Graeupner%20&%20Coman.pdf
73. Melissa G. Hunt, Rachel Marx, Courtney Lipson, and Jordyn Young, “No More FOMO: Limiting Social Media Decreases Loneliness and Depression,” Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 37 (10) (December 2018): 751–768.
74. Yocov Rofé, “Stress and Affiliation: A Utility Theory,” Psychological Review, 91 (2) (1984): 235. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1984-17740-001
75. Moonshot CVE. @MoonshotCVE (February 21, 2021). https://twitter.com/moonshotcve/status/1357043632705011717?s=21. Worryingly, we found high volumes of conversation about suicide and self-harm among QAnon supporters on 8kun around Election Day.
76. Ronan Farrow, “An Air Force Combat Veteran Breached the Senate,” New Yorker (January 8, 2021). Retrieved https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/an-air-force-combat-veteran-breached-the-senate
77. Patrizia Rizzo, “DYNAMIC DUO: Who Are Eric Munchel and Lisa Eisenhart,” The Sun (January 11, 2021). https://www.the-sun.com/news/2118042/eric-munchel-lisa-eisenhart-capitol-riot-trump/
78. Robert A. Pape and Keven Ruby, “The Capitol Rioters Aren’t Like Other Extremists,” The Atlantic (February 2, 2021). https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/02/the-capitol-rioters-arent-like-other-extremists/617895/
79. Ibid.
80. Sophia Moskalenko and Clark McCauley, Radicalization to Terrorism: What Everyone Needs to Know. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020.
81. Morty Bernstein and Faye Crosby, “An Empirical Examination of Relative Deprivation Theory,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16 (5) (1980): 442–456. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0022103180900505
82. Tatjana Schnell, “The Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe): Relations to Demographics and Well-Being,” Journal of Positive Psychology, 4 (6) (2009): 483–499. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301231622_Sources_of_Meaning_and_Meaning_in_Life_Questionnaire_SoMe_English_version
83. Huanhuan Zhao, et al., “Why Are People High in Dispositional Awe Happier? The Roles of Meaning in Life and Materialism,” Frontiers in Psychology, 10 (May 2019): 1208. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01208/full#:~:text=Those%20who%20perceive%20their%20lives, of%20life%20easier%20for%20them.
84. Tavernise, “‘Trump Just Used Us and Our Fear.’”
85. Joseph Menn, Elizabeth Culliford, Katie Paul, and Carrie Monahan, “‘No Plan, No Q, Nothing’: QAnon Followers Reel as Biden Inaugurated,” Reuters (January 20, 2021). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-biden-QAnon/no-plan-no-q-nothing-QAnon-followers-reel-as-biden-inaugurated-idUSKBN29P2VO
86. Ben Collins and Brandy Zadrozny, “Some QAnon Followers Lose Hope After Inauguration,” NBC News (January 20, 2021). https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/internet/some-QAnon-followers-struggle-inauguration-day-n1255002
CHAPTER 4
1. Drew Harwell, “QAnon Believers Seek to Adapt Their Extremist Ideology for a New Era: ‘Things Have Just Started,’” Washington Post (January 21, 2021). https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/01/21/qanon-faithful-biden-trump/
2. Julia Carrie Wong, “QAnon’s ‘Great Awakening’ Failed to Materialize. What’s Next Could Be Worse,” The Guardian (January 20, 2021). https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jan/20/qanonbiden-inauguration-trump-antisemitism-white-nationalism
3. Ibid.
4. Kevin Roose, “‘I’m the Meme Queen’: A QAnon Digital Soldier Marches On,” Irish Times (January 18, 2021). https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/us/i-m-the-meme-queen-a-qanon-digital-soldier-marches-on-1.4461146
5. Elliot Aronson, “Back to the Future: Retrospective Review of Leon Festinger’s—A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance,” American Journal of Psychology, 110 (1) (1997): 127. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1423706?seq=1
6. Michael Kunzelman, Amanda Seitz, and David Klepper, “Inauguration Sows Doubt Among QAnon Conspiracy Theorists,” Associated Press (January 20, 2021). https://www.abc27.com/news/us-world/national/inauguration-sows-doubt-among-qanon-conspiracy-theorists/
7. Sean Everton, “When Prophecies Fail: The Future of QAnon,” God, Politics, and Baseball (January 22, 2021). http://godpoliticsbase-ball.blogspot.com/2021/01/when-prophecies-fail-future-of-qanon.html
8. Jack Brewster, “QAnon Traffic Declined After Facebook Cracked Down,” Forbes (September 10, 2020). https://www.forbes.com/sites/jackbrewster/2020/09/10/qanon-traffic-declined-after-facebook-cracked-down/?sh=7977bc384fb0
9. James Hale, “Social Media Platforms See 73% Drop in Election Misinformation After Trump’s Ban (Study),” Tubefilter.com (January 18, 2021). https://www.tubefilter.com/2021/01/18/social-media-misinformation-twitter-trump-ban/
10. Kunzelman, Seitz, and Klepper, “Inauguration Sows Doubt Among QAnon Conspiracy Theorists.”
11. Ali Breland, “On Telegram, White Nationalists Are Trying to Radicalize Those Fleeing Parler,” Mother Jones (January 11, 2021). https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2021/01/on-telegram-white-nationalists-are-trying-to-radicalize-those-fleeing-parler/
12. Ibid.
13. Harwell, “QAnon Believers Seek to Adapt Their Extremist Ideology for a New Era.”
14. Todd C. Frankel, “A Majority of the People Arrested for Capitol Riot Had a History of Financial Trouble,” Washington Post (February 10, 2021). https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/02/10/capitol-insurrectionists-jenna-ryan-financial-problems/
15. Tina Nguyen and Mark Scott, “Trump Leaves QAnon and the Online MAGA World Crushed and Confused,” Politico (January 20, 2021). https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/20/trump-qanon-inauguration-day-460926
16. Bronte Lord and Richa Naik, “He Went Down the QAnon Rabbit Hole for Almost Two Years. Here’s How He Got Out.,” CNN (October 18, 2020). https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/16/tech/qanon-believer-how-he-got-out/index.html
17. Travis M. Andrews, “She Fell into QAnon and Went Viral for Destroying a Target Mask Display. Now She’s Rebuilding Her Life,” Washington Post (November 11, 2020). https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/11/11/masks-QAnon-target-melissa-rein-lively/
18. NPR/Ipsos Poll, “More Than 1 in 3 Americans Believe a ‘Deep State’ Is Working to Undermine Trump” (December 30, 2020). https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/news-polls/npr-misinformation-123020
19. Ibid.
20. Jesselyn Cook, “‘I Miss My Mom’: Children of QAnon Believers Are Desperately Trying to Deradicalize Their Own Parents,” HuffPost.com (February 11, 2021). https://www.huffpost.com/entry/children-of-qanon-believers_n_601078e9c5b6c5586aa49077
21. Jane Lytvynenko, “Friends and Family Members of QAnon Believers Are Going Through a ‘Surreal Goddamn Nightmare,’” BuzzFeed News (September 18, 2020). https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/janelytvynenko/qanon-families-friends
22. Cecilia S. Watt, “The QAnon Orphans: People Who Have Lost Loved Ones to Conspiracy Theories,” The Guardian (September 23, 2020). https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/sep/23/qanon-conspiracy-theories-loved-ones
23. Joseph Menn, “Russian-Backed Organizations Amplifying QAnon Conspiracy Theories, Researchers Say,” Reuters (August 24, 2020). Aug 24. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-qanon-russia/russian-backed-organizations-amplifying-qanon-conspiracy-theories-researchers-say-idUSKBN25K13T
24. Ibid.
25. Tony Romm and Kurt Wagner, “Facebook Says 126 Million People in the U.S. May Have Seen Posts Produced by Russian-Government-Backed Agents,” Vox (October 30, 2017). https://www.vox.com/2017/10/30/16571598/read-full-testimony-facebook-twitter-google-congress-russia-election-fake-news
26. Craig Timberg and Tony Romm, “New Report on Russian Disinformation, Prepared for the Senate, Shows the Operation’s Scale and Sweep,” Washington Post (December 17, 2018). https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2018/12/16/new-report-russian-disinformation-prepared-senate-shows-operations-scale-sweep/
27. NBC News, “NBC News Signal Presents Factory of Lies: Democracy Under Attack,” Video (November 5, 2018). https://www.nbcnews.com/video/nbc-news-signal-presents-factory-of-lies-democracy-under-attack-1362496579619?v=raila&.%5b%5bAU
28. Kevin Poulsen, “Americans Are Easy Marks for Russian Trolls, According to New Data,” Daily Beast (October 31, 2018). https://www.thedailybeast.com/americans-are-easy-marks-for-russian-trolls-new-data-prove
29. Eric W. Dolan, “People Who Believe COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories Tend to Struggle with Scientific Reasoning, Study Finds,” Psy-Post (February 25, 2021). https://www.psypost.org/2021/02/people-who-believe-covid-19-conspiracy-theories-tend-to-struggle-with-scientific-reasoning-study-finds-59801
30. Natalie Grover, “People with Extremist Views Less Able to Do Complex Mental Tasks, Research Suggests,” The Guardian (February 21, 2021). https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/feb/22/people-with-extremist-views-less-able-to-do-complex-mental-tasks-research-suggests
31. Eliza Macintosh and Edward Kiernan, “Finland Is Winning the War on Fake News. What It’s Learned May Be Crucial to Western Democracy,” CNN.com (2019). https://edition.cnn.com/interactive/2019/05/europe/finland-fake-news-intl/
32. Julian McDougall, Marketa Zezulkova, M., Barry van Driel, and Dalibor Sternadel, “Teaching Media Literacy in Europe: Evidence of Effective School Practices in Primary and Secondary Education,” NESET Analytic Report, (2018). https://nesetweb.eu/en/resources/library/teaching-media-literacy-in-europe-evidence-of-effective-school-practices-in-primary-and-secondary-education/
33. Scott O. Lilienfeld and Hal Arkowitz, “Why “Just Say No” Doesn’t Work,” Scientific American (January 1, 2014). https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-just-say-no-doesnt-work/
34. Kathrin F. Stanger-Hall and David W. & Hall, “Abstinence-Only Education and Teen Pregnancy Rates: Why We Need Comprehensive Sex Education in the US,” PloS One, 6 (10) (2011): e24658. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3194801/
35. W. J. McGuire and D. Papageorgis, “The Relative Efficacy of Various Types of Prior Belief-Defense in Producing Immunity Against Persuasion,” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 62 (2) (1961): 327. https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fh0042026
36. Christopher J. Bryan, David S. Yeager, and Cintia P. Hinojosa, “A Values-Alignment Intervention Protects Adolescents from the Effects of Food Marketing,” Nature Human Behaviour, 3 (6) (2019): 596–603. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-019-0586-6
37. Kurt Braddock, “Vaccinating Against Hate: Using Attitudinal Inoculation to Confer Resistance to Persuasion by Extremist Propaganda,” Terrorism and Political Violence (2019): 1–23. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09546553.2019.1693370?journalCode=ftpv20
38. Craig Timberg and Elizabeth Dwoskin, “Misinformation Dropped Dramatically the Week After Twitter Banned Trump,” Washington Post (January 16, 2021). https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/misinformation-dropped-dramatically-the-week-after-twitter-banned-trump/
39. Issie Lapowsky, “How Cambridge Analytica Sparked the Great Privacy Awakening,” Wired (March 17, 2018). https://www.wired.com/story/cambridge-analytica-facebook-privacy-awakening/
40. Neil MacFarquhar, “Inside the Russian Troll Factory: Zombies and a Breakneck Pace,” New York Times (February 18, 2018). https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/18/world/europe/russia-troll-factory.html
41. Verlin B. Hinsz and James H. Davis, “Persuasive Arguments Theory, Group Polarization, and Choice Shifts,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 10 (2) (1984): 260–268. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0146167284102012.
42. Clark McCauley and Sophia Moskalenko, Friction: How Conflict Radicalizes Them and Us. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.
43. Irving L. Janis, “Groupthink,” IEEE Engineering Management Review, 36 (1) (2008): 36. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4490137
44. Douglas Guilbeault, Andrea Baronchelli, and Damon Centola, “Experimental Evidence for Scale-Induced Category Convergence Across Populations,” Nature Communications, 12 (1) (2021): 1–7. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20037-y
45. Nirmita Panchal, Rabah Kamal, Cynthia Cox, and Rachel Garfield, “The Implications of COVID-19 for Mental Health and Substance Use,” KFF (February 10, 2021). https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/the-implications-of-covid-19-for-mental-health-and-substance-use/
46. Eric Levitz, “QAnon Is Madness. But Believing in It Can Be Rational,” New York Magazine (September 23, 2020). https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2020/09/why-qanon-pandemic-popular-trump.html.
47. Michael Jensen and Sheehan Kane, “QAnon Offenders in the United States,” NC-START (2021). https://www.start.umd.edu/sites/default/files/publications/local_attachments/START_PIRUS_QAnon_Mar2021.pdf
48. Johns Hopkins Medicine, “Mental Health Disorder Statistics” (2020). https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/mental-health-disorder-statistics
49. Aaron T. Beck, “Cognitive Therapy: Past, Present, and Future,” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61 (2) (1993): 194. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1993-34412-001
50. Lord and Naik, “He Went Down the QAnon Rabbit Hole for Almost Two Years.”
51. Steven Hassan, “Trump’s QAnon Followers Are a Dangerous Cult. How to Save Someone Who’s Been Brainwashed,” NBC News (September 11, 2020). https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/trump-s-qanon-followers-are-dangerous-cult-how-save-someone-ncna1239828
53. Sophia Moskalenko and Clark McCauley, The Marvel of Martyrdom: The Power of Self-Sacrifice in a Selfish World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
54. McCauley and Moskalenko, Friction.
55. John Kabat-Zinn, Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain, and Illness. New York: Bantam Dell, 2013.
CHAPTER 5
1. David Lawrence and Gregory Davis, “QAnon in the UK: The Growth of a Movement,” Hope Not Hate (October 8, 2020). https://www.hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/qanon-report-2020-10-FINAL.pdf
2. Anne Helen Petersen, “The Real Housewives of QAnon: How QAnon Used #SaveTheChildren to Lure Suburban Moms,” Elle (October 29, 2020). https://www.elle.com/culture/a34485099/qanon-conspiracy-suburban-women/
3. Aoife Gallagher, Jacob Davey, and Mackenzie Hart, “The Genesis of a Conspiracy Theory: Key Trends in QAnon Activity Since 2017,” ISD (July 2020). https://www.isdglobal.org/isd-publications/the-genesis-of-a-conspiracy-theory/
4. Ibid.
5. Daniel A. Cox, “After the Ballots Are Counted: Conspiracies, Political Violence, and American Exceptionalism,” Survey Center on American Life (February 11, 2021). https://www.americansurveycenter.org/research/after-the-ballots-are-counted-conspiracies-political-violence-and-american-exceptionalism/
6. Jack Jenkins, “Survey: More Than a Quarter of White Evangelicals Believe Core QAnon Conspiracy Theory,” Religion News Servies (February 11, 2021). https://www.sltrib.com/religion/global/2021/02/11/survey-more-than-quarter/
7. Adrienne LaFrance, “The Prophecies of Q: American Conspiracy Theories Are Entering a Dangerous New Phase,” The Atlantic (May 14, 2020). https://medium.com/the-atlantic/the-prophecies-of-q-10c59d85f88b
8. Lawrence and Davis, “QAnon in the UK.”
9. “How QAnon Conspiracy Is Spreading in Christian Communities Across the U.S,” NPR—All Things Considered (August 21, 2020). https://www.npr.org/2020/08/21/904798097/how-qanon-conspiracy-is-spreading-in-christian-communities-across-the-u-s
10. Katelyn Beaty, “QAnon: The Alternative Religion That’s Coming to Your Church,” Religion News Service (August 17, 2020). https://religionnews.com/2020/08/17/QAnon-the-alternative-religion-thats-coming-to-your-church/
11. Lesley Stahl, “QAnon’s Corrosive Impact on the U.S.,” CBS—60 Minutes (February 21, 2021). https://www.cbsnews.com/news/qanon-conspiracy-united-states-60-minutes-2021-02-21/
12. Michiko Kakutani, “‘The Death of Expertise’ Explores How Ignorance Became a Virtue,” New York Times (March 21, 2017). https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/21/books/the-death-of-expertise-explores-how-ignorance-became-a-virtue.html
13. Marc-André Argentino, “The Church of QAnon: Will Conspiracy Theories Form the Basis of a New Religious Movement?” The Conversation (May 18, 2020). https://theconversation.com/the-church-of-qanon-will-conspiracy-theories-form-the-basis-of-a-new-religious-movement-137859
14. “How QAnon Conspiracy Is Spreading.”
15. “‘Unholy’ Examines the Alliance Between White Evangelicals and Trump,” NPR—Fresh Air (July 8, 2020). https://www.npr.org/2020/07/08/888906337/unholy-examines-the-alliance-between-white-evangelicals-and-trump
16. Sarah Posner, Unholy: Why White Evangelicals Worship at the Altar of Donald Trump. New York: Random House, 2020.
17. Kevin Roose, “How the Biden Administration Can Help Solve Our Reality Crisis,” New York Times (February 2, 2021). https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/02/technology/biden-reality-crisis-misinformation.html
18. Daniel A. Cox, “Rise of Conspiracies Reveals an Evangelical Divide in the GOP,” Survey Center on American Life (February 12, 2021). https://www.americansurveycenter.org/rise-of-conspiracies-reveal-an-evangelical-divide-in-the-gop/
19. Richard Ruelas, “QAnon Interpreter, Praying Medic, Off Facebook After Q Crackdown,” Arizona Central (October 8, 2020). https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizona-investigations/2020/10/08/qanon-interpreter-praying-medic-off-facebook-after-q-crackdown/5917183002/
20. Jan Jaben-Eilon, “QAnon Attracts Jewish Believers Despite Anti-Semitic Leanings,” Atlanta Jewish Times (February 3, 2021). https://atlantajewishtimes.timesofisrael.com/qanon-attracts-jewish-believers-despite-anti-semitic-leanings/
21. In July 2020, Twitter removed 7,000 QAnon accounts and “limited” 150,000 others, reducing its reach and limiting its ability to gain new followers. Facebook and Instagram in August 2020 removed 900 QAnon groups and pages and limited over 10,000 accounts. QAnon slogans could no longer trend.
22. Craig Timberg, “Twitter Banished the Worst QAnon Accounts. But More Than 93,000 Remain on the Site, Research Shows,” Washington Post (October 3, 2020). https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/10/03/twitter-banished-worst-qanon-accounts-more-than-93000-remain-site-research-shows/
23. Lawrence and Davis, “QAnon in the UK.”
24. Mack Lamoureaux, “QAnon Has Gone Global,” Vice (July 29, 2020). https://www.vice.com/en/article/pkym3k/qanon-conspiracy-has-gone-global
25. Ibid.
26. Marc-André Argentino, “Twitter / @_MAArgentino: Lets Talk About QAnon Worldwide . . .” (August 8, 2020).
27. Max Zimmerman, “QAnon’s Rise in Japan Shows Conspiracy Theory’s Global Spread,” Bloomberg (November 29, 2020). https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-29/qanon-s-rise-in-japan-shows-conspiracy-theory-s-global-spread
28. Ibid.; Chine Labbe, et al., “QAnon’s Deep State Conspiracies Spread to Europe,” News Guard (2021). https://www.newsguardtech.com/special-report-qanon/
29. Japan has long been a breeding ground for conspiratorial thought. In 1877, when the authorities tried to vaccinate the general population for an outbreak of cholera, rumors circulated that the government was stealing people’s livers to sell to foreigners. After the Great Kanto earthquake of 1923, Koreans were blamed for the disaster, and thousands of Koreans were lynched. In 1995, an apocalyptic religious sect called Aum Shinrikyo instigated a nerve gas attack on the Tokyo subway. In the official magazine of the sect, the group’s leader declared “war on the shadow world government” as “his supporters killed 14 people and wounded 6,000 others.” Matt Allen, “Why QAnon Flopped in Japan,” New York Times (March 26, 2021). https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/26/opinion/qanon-japan-janon.html
30. Zimmerman, “QAnon’s Rise in Japan.”
31. Allen, “Why QAnon Flopped in Japan.”
32. Katrin Bennhold, “QAnon Is Thriving in Germany. The Extreme Right Is Delighted,” New York Times (November 3, 2020). https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/11/world/europe/qanon-is-thriving-in-germany-the-extreme-right-is-delighted.html
33. Lawrence and Davis, “QAnon in the UK,” 19.
34. Bennhold, “QAnon Is Thriving in Germany”
35. Gregory Stanton, “QAnon Is a Nazi Cult, Rebranded,” Just Security (November 9, 2020). https://www.justsecurity.org/72339/qanon-is-a-nazi-cult-rebranded/
36. Network Contagion, “The QAnon Conspiracy: Destroying Families, Dividing Communities, Undermining Democracy” (n.d). https://networkcontagion.us/wp-content/uploads/NCRI-%E2%80%93-The-QAnon-Conspiracy-FINAL.pdf
37. Stanton, “QAnon is a Nazi Cult, Rebranded.”.
38. Lydia Morrish, “How QAnon Content Endures on Social Media Through Visuals and Code Words,” First Draft News (December 3, 2020). https://firstdraftnews.org/latest/how-qanon-content-endures-on-social-media-through-visuals-and-code-words/
39. Emily Rauhala and Loveday Morris, “In the United States, QAnon Is Struggling. The Conspiracy Theory Is Thriving Abroad,” Washington Post (November 13, 2020). https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/qanon-conspiracy-global-reach/2020/11/12/ca312138-13a5-11eb-a258-614acf2b906d_story.html
40. Anna Merlan, “The Conspiracy Singularity Has Arrived,” Vice News (July 17, 2020). https://www.vice.com/en/article/v7gz53/the-conspiracy-singularity-has-arrived
41. Rauhala and Morris, “In the United States, QAnon Is Struggling.”
42. Petersen, “The Real Housewives of QAnon.”
43. Mark Scott, “QAnon Goes European,” Politico (November 23, 2020). https://www.politico.eu/article/qanon-europe-coronavirus-protests/
44. Chine Labbe, et al., “QAnon’s Deep State Conspiracies Spread to Europe,” News Guard (2021). https://www.newsguardtech.com/special-report-qanon/
45. Scott, “QAnon Goes European.”
46. Matthew Remski, “When QAnon Came to Canada,” The Walrus (December 3, 2020). https://thewalrus.ca/when-qanon-came-to-canada/
47. Ibid.
48. “Corey Hurren, Alleged Rideau Hall Intruder, Pleads Guilty to 8 Charges,” Global News (February 5, 2021). https://globalnews.ca/news/7622570/corey-hurren-rideau-hall-plea/
49. Petersen, “The Real Housewives of QAnon.”
50. “Ivanka Trump on Human Trafficking,” U.S. Department of State. https://statedept.brightcovegallery.com/detail/video/5849934794001/ivanka-trump-on-human-trafficking
51. Author interview with State Department ambassador, October 9, 2020.
52. Darlene Superville, “Trump Gives $35 Million to Aid Human Trafficking Victims,” AP News (August 4, 2020). https://apnews.com/article/ivanka-trump-politics-william-barr-human-trafficking-virus-outbreak-89347d1b618ab522ec6d13aa114f4e92
53. Rauhala and Morris, “In the United States, QAnon Is Struggling.”
54. Etienne Jacob, “QAnon, Cette Mouvance Pro-Trump Conspirationniste Qui Touche La France,” Le Figaro (February 14, 2021). https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/qanon-cette-galaxie-venue-d-amerique-qui-touche-la-france-20210214
55. The original website for French QAnon is no longer available. It was https://qanon-fr.com/. Reference to the material can be found on https://www.newsguardtech.com/special-report-qanon/
56. DimancheEnPolitique, “Twitter / @DimPolitique: @Marlen-Schiappa s’inquiète de l’emergence en France . . .” (January 10, 2021).
57. Tom Wheeldon, “‘Stakes Are High’ as QAnon Conspiracy Phenomenon Emerges in France,” France 24 (February 20, 2021). https://www.france24.com/en/france/20210220-stakes-are-high-as-qanon-conspiracy-phenomenon-emerges-in-france
58. Steven Hassan, “Episode 69: Exiting the Cult Feat,” QAnon Anonymous (2020). https://soundcloud.com/qanonanonymous/episode-69-exiting-the-cult-feat-steven-hassan
59. Scott, “QAnon Goes European.”
60. Melanie Smith, “Interpreting Social Qs: Implications of the Evolution of QAnon,” Graphika (August 9, 2020). https://graphika.com/reports/interpreting-social-qs-implications-of-the-evolution-of-qanon/
61. Ibid., 10.
62. Franklin Foer, “Putin Is Well on His Way to Stealing the Next Election: RIP Democracy,” The Atlantic (May 11, 2020). https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/06/putin-american-democracy/610570/
63. Luke Mogelson, “Among the Insurrectionists at the Capitol,” New Yorker (January 15, 2021). https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/01/25/among-the-insurrectionists
64. Amar Diwakar, “Why the Far-Right Conspiracy Theory QAnon Is Going Global,” Frontier Post (August 27, 2020). https://thefrontier-post.com/why-the-far-right-conspiracy-theory-qanon-is-going-global/
65. Joseph Menn, “QAnon Received Earlier Boost from Russian Accounts on Twitter, Archives Show,” Reuters (November 2, 2020). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-qanon-cyber/qanon-received-earlier-boost-from-russian-accounts-on-twitter-archives-show-idUSKBN27I18I
66. Gallagher et al., “The Genesis of a Conspiracy Theory.”
67. Felix Light, “QAnon Gains Traction in Russia,” Moscow Times (November 30, 2020). https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/11/30/qanon-gains-traction-in-russia-a72180
68. Ibid.
69. Scott Neuman, “Referendum in Russia Passes, Allowing Putin to Remain President Until 2036,” NPR (July 1, 2020). https://www.npr.org/2020/07/01/886440694/referendum-in-russia-passes-allowing-putin-to-remain-president-until-2036
70. “Putin’s Stasi Spy ID Pass Found in Germany,” BBC News (December 11, 2018). https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46525543
71. Glenn Curtis, “An Overview of Psychological Operations (PSYOP),” Defense Technical Iinformation Center (1989). https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA302389
72. Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB), Федеральная служба безопасности Российской Федерации
73. Curtis, “An Overview of Psychological Operations.”
74. Gabriel Gatehouse, “Marine Le Pen: Who’s Funding France’s Far Right?” BBC News (April 3, 2017). https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39478066
75. Andrew Roth, “Ukraine’s Ex-President Viktor Yanukovych Found Guilty of Treason,” The Guardian (January 25, 2019). https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/25/ukraine-ex-president-viktor-yanukovych-found-guilty-of-treason
76. John R. Schindler, “Is Vladimir Putin Behind Right-Wing Riots in Chemnitz Germany?” Observer (August 30, 2018). https://observer.com/2018/08/is-vladimir-putin-behind-right-wing-riots-in-chemnitz-germany/
77. Carol Matlack and Robert Williams, “France to Probe Possible Russian Influence on Yellow Vest Riots,” Bloomberg (December 7, 2018). https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-12-08/prorussia-social-media-takes-aim-at-macron-as-yellow-vests-rage
78. iSans, “Propaganda in Time of Plague: In Between Reptilians and the Lifting of Sanctions” (March 21, 2020). https://isans.org/articles-en/propaganda-in-time-of-plague-in-between-reptilians-and-the-lifting-of-sanctions.html
79. “Powerful ‘Putin’s Chef’ Prigozhin Cooks up Murky Deals,” BBC News (November 4, 2019). https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50264747
80. “Washington Puts Putin’s Friend Prigozhin on Wanted List,” UAWire (February 27, 2021). http://uawire.org/washington-puts-putin-s-friend-prigozhin-on-wanted-list
81. Меdet Yesimkhanov, “WHO, Dulles, Rockefeller, World Government and Population Control—Conspiracy Theory Breakdown,” Factcheck.KZ (October 23, 2020). https://factcheck.kz/claim-checking/verdict/voz-dalles-rokfeller-mirovoe-pravitelstvo-i-kontrol-rostanaseleniya-razbor-teorii-zagovora/
82. Network Contagion, 8.
83. Kaleigh Rogers, “Why Qanon Has Attracted So Many White Evangelicals.” FiveThirtyEight (March 4, 2021). https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-qanon-has-attracted-so-many-white-evangelicals/
CHAPTER 6
1. Anne Helen Petersen, “The Real Housewives of QAnon: How QAnon Used #SaveTheChildren to Lure Suburban Moms,” Elle (October 29, 2020). https://www.elle.com/culture/a34485099/qanon-conspiracy-suburban-women/
2. Joanne R. Cantor, Dolf Zillmann, and Jennings Bryant, “Enhancement of Experienced Sexual Arousal in Response to Erotic Stimuli Through Misattribution of Unrelated Residual Excitation,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32 (1) (1975): 69. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1975-26821-001
3. Hannes Grassegger, “The Unbelievable Story of the Plot Against George Soro,” BuzzFeed News (January 20, 2019). https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/hnsgrassegger/george-soros-conspiracy-finkelstein-birnbaum-orban-netanyahu
4. Hagay Hacohen, “Netanyahu’s Son Sparks Outrage After Posting Antisemitic-Themed Meme,” Jerusalem Post, (September 9, 2017). https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Netanyahus-son-lashes-out-via-internet-again-504620
5. Josie Adams, “The Truth About Adrenochrome,” The Spinoff (April 7, 2020). https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/07–04–2020/explainer-adrenochrome-the-drug-that-doesnt-exist/
6. Jane Wakefield, “How Bill Gates Became the Voodoo Doll of Covid Conspiracies,” BBC News (June 6, 2020). https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-52833706
7. Aigerim Mekisheva and Pavel Bannikov, “Infotrash: Operation Coronavirus 2020, Adrenochrome, and Satanic Pedophiles,” Factcheck. kz (February 12, 2020). https://factcheck.kz/claim-checking/verdict/false/infotresh-operaciya-koronavirus-2020-adrenoxrom-i-pedofily-satanisty/
8. Christopher James Blythe, “Bill Gates’ Comments on COVID-19 Vaccine Enflame ‘Mark of the Beast’ Worries in Some Christian Circles,” Religion Dispatches (May 4, 2020). https://religiondispatches.org/bill-gates-comments-on-covid-19-vaccine-enflame-mark-of-the-beast-worries-in-some-christian-circles/
9. Sarah H. DiMuccio and Eric D. Knowles, “Precarious Manhood Predicts Support for Aggressive Policies and Politicians,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (October 13, 2020). https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0146167220963577
10. Mark Setzler and Alixandra B. Yanus, “Why Did Women Vote for Donald Trump?” Political Science & Politics, 51 (3) (2018): 523–527. https://www.mrsteadman.com/uploads/1/2/6/6/126648902/why_did_women_vote_for_donald_trump.pdf
11. Dan Cassino, “Emasculation, Conservatism, and the 2016 Election,” Contexts, 17(1) (2018): 48–53. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1536504218766551
12. Adam M. Enders and Joseph E. Uscinski, “On Modeling the Psychological Foundations of Support for Donald Trump” (n.d.). https://www.joeuscinski.com/uploads/7/1/9/5/71957435/trump_factor.pdf
13. Martin Geddes, “WWG1WGA: The Greatest Communications Event in History” (July 11, 2018). https://www.martingeddes.com/wwg1wga-the-greatest-communications-event-in-history/?fbclid=IwAR1uVoDlD1ToyBXGYUVVXF2_HaKEz9v1qBxC0uVYNSRmayjAoRJc8YjPUDI
14. E. J. Dickson, “QAnon Followers Think JFK Jr. Is Coming Back on the 4th of July,” Rolling Stone (July 3, 2019). https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/qanon-jfk-Jr-conspiracy-theory-854938/
15. John C. Moritz, “Fact Check: Hillary Clinton, JFK Jr. and the 2000 New York Senate Race,” USA Today (October 21, 2020). https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/10/21/fact-check-hillary-clinton-jfk-Jr-and-2000-new-york-senate-race/5993292002/
16. Robert A. Pape and Keven Ruby, “The Capitol Rioters Aren’t Like Other Extremists,” The Atlantic (February 2, 2021). https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/02/the-capitol-riotersarent-like-other-extremists/617895/
17. Osita Nwanevu, “The Democratic Party Has a Fatal Misunderstanding of the QAnon Phenomenon,” New Republic (February 5, 2021). https://newrepublic.com/article/161266/qanon-classism-marjorie-taylor-greene
18. Monika Grzesiak-Feldman, “The Effect of High-Anxiety Situations on Conspiracy Thinking,” Current Psychology, 32 (2013): 100–118. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2013-02867-001
19. Damaris Graeupner and Alin Coman, “The Dark Side of Meaning-Making: How Social Exclusion Leads to Superstitious Thinking,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 69 (2017): 218–222. https://www.princeton.edu/~acoman/Publications_files/The%20Dark%20Side%20of%20Meaning%20Making-Graeupner%20&%20Coman.pdf
20. Shauna M. Bowes, et al., “Under the Tinfoil Hat: Clarifying the Personological and Psychopathological Correlates of Conspiracy Beliefs,” Journal of Personality (January 27, 2020). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jopy.12588
21. Evita March and Jordan Springer, “Belief in Conspiracy Theories: The Predictive Role of Schizotypy, Machiavellianism, and Primary Psychopathy,” PloS One, 14 (12) (2019): e0225964. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0225964
22. Michael Jensen and Sheehan Kane, “QAnon Offenders in the United States,” NC-START (2021). https://www.start.umd.edu/sites/default/files/publications/local_attachments/START_PIRUS_QAnon_Mar2021.pdf
23. Deepa Seetharaman, “QAnon Booms on Facebook as Conspiracy Group Gains Mainstream Traction,” Wall Street Journal (August 13, 2020). https://www.wsj.com/articles/qanon-booms-on-facebook-as-conspiracy-group-gains-mainstream-traction-11597367457
24. Clark McCauley and Sophia Moskalenko, “Understanding Political Radicalization: The Two-Pyramids Model, American Psychologist, 72 (3) (2017): 205. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2017-13879-002
25. Elizabeth Dwoskin, “Massive Facebook Study on Users’ Doubt in Vaccines Finds a Small Group Appears to Play a Big Role in Pushing the Skepticism,” Washington Post (March 19, 2021). https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/03/14/facebook-vaccine-he-sistancy-qanon/
26. Cinthia Benitez, Kristen P. Howard, and Jennifer S. Cheavens, “The Effect of Validation and Invalidation on Positive and Negative Affective Experiences,” Journal of Positive Psychology (2020): 1–13. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17439760.2020.1832243
27. Daniel M. Stancato and Dacher Keltner, “Awe, Ideological Conviction, and Perceptions of Ideological Opponents,” Emotion, 21 (1) (2021): 61–72. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31403808/
28. Chauncey Devega, “White Women and the Racist Right: Marjorie Taylor Greene Is Not an Aberration,” Salon (March 1, 2021). https://www.salon.com/2021/03/01/white-women-and-the-racist-right-marjorie-taylor-greene-is-not-alone/
29. Em Steck, Nathan McDermott, and Christopher Hickey, “The Congressional Candidates Who Have Engaged with the QAnon Conspiracy Theory,” CNN.com (October 30, 2020). https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2020/10/politics/qanon-cong-candidates/
30. Carol Schaeffer, “How Did a Fringe Corona Conspiracy Theory in Germany Grow to a Nationwide Movement?” The Local (June 26, 2020). https://www.thelocal.de/20200626/in-depth-how-did-germanys-largest-conspiracy-theory-group-gain-momentum
31. Nad’a Kovalcikova and Caitlyn Ramsey, “QAnon and Anti-Vax Conspiracy Theories Pose a Threat to Democracy Beyond National Borders. Alliance for Securing Democracy” (March 17, 2021). https://securingdemocracy.gmfus.org/qanon-and-anti-vax-conspiracy-theories-pose-a-threat-to-democracy-beyond-national-borders/
32. Mack Lamoureaux, “QAnon Has Gone Global,” Vice (July 29, 2020). https://www.vice.com/en/article/pkym3k/qanon-conspiracy-has-gone-global
33. Felix Light, “QAnon Gains Traction in Russia,” Moscow Times (November 30, 2020). https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/11/30/qanon-gains-traction-in-russia-a72180.
34. Tahira Sequeira, “QAnon and the Looming Threat of Misinformation in Finland,” Helsinki Times (November 3, 2020). https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/finland/finland-news/domestic/18262-qanon-and-the-looming-threat-of-misinformation-in-finland.html
35. Diederik Baazil, “Dutch Fall for COVID Conspiracies in Warning to Europe’s Leaders,” Bloomberg (November 3, 2020). https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020–11–03/dutch-fall-for-covid-conspiracies-in-warning-to-europe-s-leaders
36. “There are 250 Portuguese Fans of QAnon” Al Khaleej Today (2020). https://alkhaleejtoday.co/international/5177520/There-are-250-Portuguese-fans-of-QAnon-Authorities-guarantee-to.html
37. Nicola Righetti, “QAnon in Italy: A Growing Phenomenon?” (May 10, 2020). http://www.nicolarighetti.net/research/qanon-in-italy-a-growing-phenomenon/
38. Alyssa McMurtry, “Spanish Conspiracy Theorists Funded on Patreon: Study,” Anadolu Agency (December 12, 2020). https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/spanish-conspiracy-theorists-funded-on-patreon-study/2081604
39. Mladen Obrenovic, “QAnon Gets Foothold in Balkans, Claiming COVID-19 ‘Does Not Exist,’” Balkan Insight (September 7, 2020). https://balkaninsight.com/2020/09/07/qanon-gets-foothold-in-balkans-claiming-covid-19-does-not-exist/
40. Aoife Gallagher, “How Did the QAnon Conspiracy Go Global? Al Jazeera (February 10, 2021). https://www.aljazeera.com/podcasts/2021/2/10/how-did-the-qanon-conspiracy-go-global
41. Alex Silverman, “QAnon Is Alive and Well in Japan,” The Diplomat (January 29, 2021). https://thediplomat.com/2021/01/qanon-is-alive-and-well-in-japan/
42. Katia Patin, “In Kazakhstan, Coronavirus Conspiracies Are the Latest Celebrity Craze,” Coda (July 17, 2020). https://www.codastory.com/disinformation/information-war/kazakhstan-celebrity-conspiracies/
43. Umar Farooq, “Pakistan’s COVID Vaccine Drive Needs Antidote to Conspiracy Theories,” Reuters (December 8, 2020). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-pakistan-vaccine/pakistans-covid-vaccine-drive-needs-antidote-to-conspiracy-theories-idUSKBN28I1B4
44. Rebecca Davis, “QAnon Originated in South Africa—Now That the Global Cult Is Back Here We Should All Be Afraid,” Daily Maverick (September 26, 2020). https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020–09–26-qanon-originated-in-south-africa-now-that-the-global-cult-is-back-here-we-should-all-be-afraid/.
45. Mack Lamoureaux, “Armed Man Who Allegedly Stormed Trudeau’s Residence Appears to Have Posted QAnon Content,” Vice (July 3, 2020). https://www.vice.com/en/article/z3ez39/armed-man-corey-hurren-who-allegedly-stormed-justin-trudeaus-residence-rideau-hall-appears-to-have-posted-qanon-content
46. Amy Gunia, “The U.S. Exported QAnon to Australia and New Zealand. Now It’s Creeping into COVID-19 Lockdown Protests,” Time (September 30, 2020). https://time.com/5894139/qanon-australia-new-zealand-conspiracy-theory/
47. Arturo Wallace, “QAnon in Latin America: How and Why Groups Associated with This Controversial Conspiracy Theory Have Multiplied in the Region,” BBC News World (August 28, 2020). https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=https://www.bbc.com/mun-do/noticias-america-latina-53936695&prev=search&pto=aue.