Index

Page numbers refer to the print edition.

Page numbers in italics refer to figures and tables.

Abbott, Edwin, 211

The Accidental (Smith), 93–94

actualism, 6–8, 54–55

actualization theory, 89, 92–93, 96, 97, 98–99, 101, 103, 232, 237, 274–75, 278–79, 300. See also Bally, Charles

actual world (AW), 3–4, 6–8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15–19, 24, 28, 29, 32, 33–34, 36, 53–56, 65, 74, 91, 96, 97, 101, 103, 126, 133, 135–36, 138, 138, 140–45, 148, 150n7, 157, 163, 170, 181, 188, 192, 193–94, 208, 218, 225–26, 228–30, 231–34, 236–39, 249, 251, 253–56, 258–61, 263–69, 274, 278, 299, 301, 315–17. See also alternate possible world (APW); Ryan, Marie-Laure; textual actual world (TAW); textual alternate possible world (TAPW); textual possible world (TPW); Wang, W. Michelle

Adams, Robert M., 6, 54

aesthetics, 132–33, 136, 148–49, 203–4, 210–11, 214, 218, 219, 298, 305, 316

affordance, 118–19, 320. See also Gibson, James J.

À la recherche du temps perdu (Proust), 64, 122

Alber, Jan, 26, 32, 67, 115, 157–76, 319

alethic system, 3–4, 11, 36, 219, 238–39, 275, 279–81; impossibility in, 4, 13, 20, 157–61, 164–66, 169–70, 205–9, 220, 253, 279–80; necessity in, 4; possibility in, 4, 20, 23, 205–8, 212, 253, 274, 279–80

Alexandria Quartet (Durrell), 203

algorithm, 296, 302–6, 309–12, 321

Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (Carroll), 21, 214

Allen, Woody, 25, 274

“All You Zombies” (Heinlein), 32, 166–70

Alston, Judi, 261–64, 262, 266, 269n3

alternate possible world (APW), 3–4, 33, 141, 157, 159, 161–73, 237, 253–54, 299, 301, 307. See also actual world (AW); textual actual world (TAW); textual alternate possible world (TAPW); textual possible world (TPW)

Amis, Martin, 25

analytical philosophy, 179–80, 182, 196, 229

Anthem (Rand), 240

anticipation novels, 231–36, 244n13

Appel, Alfred, 106n13

Aristotle, 34, 53–54, 57, 62, 274, 317

Arma 3 Altis Life, 280–81, 285

artificial intelligence, 12

Ashline, William, 25, 243n8

At Swim-Two-Birds (O’Brien), 32, 133, 135–50

Attebury, Brian, 222n10

Atwood, Margaret, 30, 96, 101–2, 240

Auden, W. H., 34, 203–6, 208

Auerbach, Erich, 58n2, 308

Auslander, Philip, 76, 80–81

Austen, Jane, 71, 73

Auster, Paul, 137

Austin, J. L., 57

Austin, Michael, 103

The Autumn of the Patriarch (Márquez), 95

Avant-Pop, 260–61

avatars, 15, 26–27, 33, 36, 193–94, 261, 272, 275–88, 277, 306

axiological system, 4, 11, 36, 238–39, 275, 280, 282, 284–88

Babel, 65

“The Babysitter” (Coover), 25, 159

Bacon, Francis, 232

Bakhtin, Mikhail, 92, 103, 132, 308

“The Ballad of the Flash Stockman,” 17

Bally, Charles, 89, 98. See also actualization theory

Barrie, J. M., 203

Barsalou, Lawrence, 116

Barthelme, Donald, 309

Barthes, Roland, 2, 51–52, 81, 165

Bartsch, Christoph, 33, 179–200, 319

Baum, L. Frank, 203

Beagle, Peter, 206

Bear, Greg, 24

Beck, Sally, 105n7

Beckett, Samuel, 17, 29, 76, 78–81, 95

Beckford, William, 215

Beerbohm, Max, 203

Before Reading (Rabinowitz), 304

Being John Malkovich (Jonze), 105n6

Bell, Alice, 13, 26, 27–28, 35–36, 249–71, 297, 315, 320

“Better Life” (Wright), 276, 277, 278. See also Second Life

“Beyond Fictional Worlds” (Walsh), 114–15

bidirectional exchange, 212–13

Bildungsroman, 123–26, 238

Birke, Dorothee, 252

Black, Cilla, 105n7

Bleak House (Dickens), 21

blending, 162–63

The Blind Assassin (Atwood), 30, 101–2

Bloch, Robert, 96

Bode, Christoph, 172n6

Bohman-Kalaja, Kimberly, 137–38

Boileau-Despréaux, Nicolas, 77

Bonaparte, Marie, 100

Bonheim, Helmut, 106n12

Boolean logic, 303

Bordwell, David, 24

Borges, Jorge Luis, 201, 204

Boyd, Brian, 120, 148

Bradbury, Ray, 229, 240

Bradley, Philip, 50

Braga, Corin, 244n12

Brave New World (Huxley), 232

Bremond, Claude, 19

Breton, André, 204

Bricker, Philip, 5–6, 50–51, 54

“Broad Thoughts from a Home” (Johnson), 32, 164–65, 170

Brooks, Cleanth, 17

The Brothers Karamazov (Dostoevsky), 239–40

Brown, Stuart, 148

Buckland, Warren, 243n7

Burgess, Anthony, 229

Bush, Glen Paul, 198n11

Butler, Octavia, 240

The Butterfly Effect, 23, 65

Caillois, Roger, 132, 275, 319. See also ilinx; ludus; paidia

calculus, language as, 2–3, 13–14, 52–53, 55–56, 315. See also Hintikka, Jaakko

Call of Duty: Black Ops III, 291n22

Calvino, Italo, 25, 96, 137

Campbell, Andy, 261–64, 262, 266, 269n3

Capote, Truman, 12

Caracciolo, Marco, 30–31, 113–31, 160–61, 163, 169–70, 320

Carroll, Lewis, 21, 203, 205–6, 214, 221n7

The Castle of Crossed Destinies (Calvino), 137

Catch 22, 287

causal loop, 166–69

Celtic mythology, 143–46

Chekhov, Anton, 92

Chomsky, Noam, 68

Christ, Birte, 252

chronotope, 308

Ciccoricco, David, 297–98

Clearance (Campbell and Alston), 261–64, 262, 266, 269n3

Clegg, Christian, 101

Cline, Ernest, 204

Clissman, Anne, 137

A Clockwork Orange (Burgess), 229

Cloud Atlas (Mitchell), 65

Clute, John, 205–6

Cohn, Dorrit, 16, 196n1

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 208, 214

completeness, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 28, 29, 62, 74–81, 134, 226, 230, 254, 258, 274, 280, 285, 311

compossibility, 218, 274

Conrad, Joseph, 95

constructivism, 50–53, 55, 97

contextual frame theory, 97. See also Emmott, Catherine

Coover, Robert, 25, 159, 309

Cortázar, Julio, 96

counterfactual historical fiction, 22–23, 24, 26, 251

counterfactuals, 4–5, 10, 12, 16–17, 22–23, 24, 72, 180, 192, 217, 244n11

counterpart theory, 26, 27, 180, 188, 278

Coyle, William, 204

Cresswell, M. J., 56

Crowley, John, 217

The Cultural Logic of Computation (Golumbia), 296

Currie, Mark, 197nn6–7

Dancygier, Barbara, 98, 106n11

Dante, 162

Danto, Arthur C., 88–89, 182–83

databases, 296–312, 321

The Dead Father (Barthelme), 309

deconstruction, 211

Defoe, Daniel, 227, 234, 237, 243n4, 305

deictic shift theory, 97–98, 101

De interpretatione (Aristotle), 57

De Jaegher, Hanne, 119–21

DeLillo, Don, 102–3

deontic system, 4, 11, 238–41, 275, 282–84, 288

Derrida, Jacques, 34, 201, 319

Descartes, René, 230

Dick, Philip K., 204

Dickens, Charles, 21, 215

digital fiction, 249–71, 320

digital media, 26–28, 247–314

Di Paolo, Ezequiel, 119–21. See also social cognition

Disney Company, 72

The Dispossessed (Le Guin), 228

distance, 65–68

Doctor Faustus (Mann), 99

Dohrn, Daniel, 17

Doležel, Lubomír, 10–11, 13, 15, 22, 28–29, 34, 37, 47–61, 66–67, 71, 74, 76, 83n10, 113, 134, 157–60, 170n1, 180, 206, 211–13, 226–27, 238–39, 253, 279, 300, 304–8, 310, 318; and bidirectional exchange, 212–13; literary transduction in the work of, 15, 244n11

Donnellan, Keith, 296

Dostoevsky, Fyodor Mikhailovich, 17, 94, 239–40

The Double (Dostoevsky), 94

double-deixis, 249, 259, 261

doxastic worlds, 91

Dungeons and Dragons, 289n2

Dunsany, Eighteenth Baron of (Edward Plunkett), 203, 215

Durrell, Lawrence, 203

dying in the first person, 161

dystopia, 34–35, 225–45, 318

Eco, Umberto, 11–12, 15, 34, 48, 56, 89–90, 91, 97, 105n10, 113, 157–59, 181, 201, 206, 244n9

ecological psychology, 116, 118, 320. See also Gibson, James J.

Edelman, Gerald, 148

ekphrasis, 102

Eligible (Sittenfeld), 72–73

Elleström, Lars, 312n6

The Embodied Mind (Varela, Thompson, Rosch), 118

embodiment, 116, 118–19, 120, 122–28, 160–61, 163, 169–70, 288, 320

Emmott, Catherine, 96–97

emotions, 160–63, 167–70

enactivist theory of cognition, 30–31, 32, 113, 116–20, 122, 123, 126–29, 160, 164, 170

“The Enchanter” (Nabokov), 100

epistemic system, 4, 11, 36, 98, 238, 241, 275, 281, 284

eventfulness, 182–83, 195

Everett, Hugh, III, 24, 197n9

experiential background, 160, 163, 169–70, 194. See also Caracciolo, Marco

experiential feel, 160, 164, 169–70, 194. See also Caracciolo, Marco

The Experientiality of Narrative (Caracciolo), 117

Fahrenheit 451 (Bradbury), 229, 240

fairy tales, 65, 66, 100, 143, 206, 209, 229, 236, 239, 280, 284, 306, 309

Falconer, William, 140, 144

The Fantastic (Todorov), 213

fantasy, 33–34, 66, 134, 165, 181, 186, 192, 193–94, 201–24, 236, 239, 280, 288, 319–20

fantasy studies, 201

fantasy world, 186, 192, 193–94, 196, 201–24

Fatherland (Harris), 251

Faulkner, William, 17

Fermi, Enrico, 166

Fforde, Jasper, 71

fictionality, 249, 252–56, 257, 259, 264, 266, 267, 299–300, 312n2

fictional world, 296–97, 300–301, 304–11; extensional, 304–5, 308; intensional, 304–6, 308, 310; one-person, 227. See also Doležel, Lubomír

Fictional Worlds (Pavel), 9, 47

Fight Club (Fincher), 105n6

Fincher, David, 105n6

Finnegans Wake (Joyce), 319–20

first-person narration, 57, 184–90, 261–63, 265–67

Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 202

Flash fiction, 250

Flatland (Abbott), 211

Flaubert, Gustave, 57, 66, 75, 91, 285, 316–17, 321

Flood, Robert, 203

Fludernik, Monika, 97

forking-path narratives, 23–24, 26, 172n6. See also Bordwell, David; multiple endings

Forster, E. M., 69–70

Fořt, Bohumil, 14–15

Fowles, John, 25, 65

Frege, Gottlob, 1, 11, 52, 57

The French Lieutenant’s Woman (Fowles), 25, 65

Freudian psychoanalysis, 100

Frow, John, 310

Fuentes, Carlos, 23

Futurama, 71

future narratives (FNs), 172n6

Gadamer, Hans-Georg, 52

Galbraith, Mary, 97

The Game of the Impossible (Irwin), 221n6

games, 132, 135, 137, 142, 146, 147, 148–49, 272–91

game theory, 211

Gass, William, 137

gaps, 134, 147

Genette, Gérard, 63, 181, 184, 252

genre, 306–12

genre theory, 12, 20–22

Gibson, James J., 116, 118–19, 320. See also ecological psychology

Gill, R. B., 230

Girl in Landscape (Lethem), 31, 117, 123–26

Golumbia, David, 296, 303

Gomel, Elana, 168–69

Goodman, Nelson, 51, 97

Gordon, Douglas, 102

Grahame-Smith, Seth, 71

Grammaire du Décaméron (Todorov), 19

Grand Theft Auto, 36, 275

Grant, John, 205–6

graphical user interface, 28

Gray, Alasdair, 137

Greenberg, Clement, 319–20

Grishakova, Marina, 29–30, 88–109, 117, 318

Gulliver’s Travels (Swift), 20, 64, 215

Gumbrecht, Hans-Ulrich, 171n2

Guthrie, Tim, 256–61, 257, 263, 266

Hacking, Ian, 51

Hamlet (Shakespeare), 11, 51, 53, 206, 321

Harris, Robert, 251

Hayles, Katherine, 312n1

Hayot, Eric, 307–8

Heavy Rain, 287

Heidegger, Martin, 1, 52, 116, 320

Heinlein, Robert A., 32, 166–70, 228–29

Heinze, Rüdiger, 196n2

Hemingway, Ernest, 69–70

Herman, David, 63, 113–14, 116, 117, 137, 318, 320

Heterocosmica (Doležel), 10–11

Hills, Matt, 230, 244n11

Hintikka, Jaakko, 1, 2, 3, 13–14, 52–53, 55–56, 211, 315

Hogan, Patrick Colm, 161

homonymy, 143, 147, 149n4

horizon, 228–29, 237. See also Suvin, Darko

“Le Horla” (Maupassant), 215

Hotel World (Smith), 95

Howell, Robert, 296

How to Do Things with Words (Austin), 57

Hume, Kathryn, 205

Husserl, Edmund, 52

Huxley, Aldous, 232

hyperlinks, 249–50, 252, 254–56, 257–59, 261, 266–69, 320

hypernarrative, 299

hypertext, 249–51, 256–57, 260–61, 266, 272–73, 299

hypertext fiction, 27–28, 35–36, 250, 256, 257

hypertext theory, 252

If on a Winter’s Night a Traveler (Calvino), 25

ilinx, 132, 319–20. See also Caillois, Roger

Imhof, Rüdiger, 137–38, 144

immersion, 27, 29, 62, 74, 81, 180, 185, 216, 249, 255, 257, 266–67, 272, 276, 277, 278–79, 288, 299, 318

impossible world, 5–6, 14, 18, 67, 83n7, 157–60, 197n3, 205–10, 220, 252–53, 319

In Cold Blood (Capote), 12

Inferno (Dante), 162

in real life (IRL), 278–79, 281–83. See also real life (RL)

intentional fallacy, 237–38

interactivity, 272, 279, 287, 299, 320

International Conference for the Fantastic in the Arts, 203, 221n4

intrauniverse relations, 135–36, 142, 143–47, 227–28, 231. See also modal logic

An Introduction to Fictional Worlds Theory (Fořt), 14–15

Irwin, William Robert, 221n6

Ishiguro, Kazuo, 99, 232–33

iq84 (Murakami), 290n7

Ireland, 143–45

The Irish Times, 144

Ironweed (Kennedy), 203

Jackson, Rosemary, 222n14

Jacob, François, 88

Jacobs, Karen, 105n9

La jalousie (Robbe-Grillet), 85n18

James, Edward, 204

James, Henry, 12, 20–21, 102, 214

Jameson, Fredric, 1, 315

Jenkins, Henry, 70

Johnson, Billy, 269n3

Johnson, B. S., 32, 164–65, 170

Johnson, Samuel, 210–11

Jonze, Spike, 105n6

Joyce, James, 34, 105n8, 201–2, 203, 319–20

Jurassic Park films, 243n7

Juul, Jesper, 27, 284

Kafka, Franz, 64

Kant, Immanuel, 33

Kanyó, Zoltan, 58

The Kashmir Observer, 266

Kennedy, William, 203

kinetic poetry, 250

Kintsch, Walter, 127

Kirkham, Richard, 304

Knight, Lionel Charles, 74

Koťátko, Petr, 50–51

Kripke, Saul, 3, 4, 8, 23, 47, 54, 55, 56, 72, 211, 296

Kronfeld, Amichai, 296

“The Kugelmass Episode” (Allen), 25

Kukkonen, Karin, 160–61

Kumar, Krishan, 240

Kusch, Martin, 52

Lanark (Gray), 137

Language and World Creation in Poems and Other Texts (Semino), 13

The Language of New Media (Manovich), 296–97

Language of Stories (Dancygier), 106n11

Laokoon or the Limits of Poetry and Painting (Lessing), 320

The Last Unicorn (Beagle), 206

Laudan, Larry, 48

Lavocat, Françoise, 14, 36, 272–95, 318–19

law of excluded middle, 5, 22, 66, 74, 229

law of noncontradiction, 5, 22, 66, 78, 157–60, 161, 183, 229

Lawrence, D. H., 202

The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (comic book series), 71

Lear, Edward, 205–6

Lee, Harper, 73–74

Le Guin, Ursula K., 24, 215, 228

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 3, 52, 54, 56, 157, 218, 272, 289n3; compossibility in the work of, 218, 274

Lessing, Doris, 221n4

Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 320

Lethem, Jonathan, 31, 117, 123–26

Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 201–2

Lewis, C. S., 203, 210, 212, 216, 221

Lewis, David, 3, 5, 7–8, 10, 12, 15–18, 22, 24, 33, 50–51, 55, 96, 133, 180, 182, 184, 189–90, 316

The Life and Works of Edgar Allan Poe (Bonaparte), 100

Lilith (MacDonald), 220

The Limits of Interpretation (Eco), 158–59

Linden Lab, 276, 280–83. See also Second Life

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (Lewis), 216

Literature and Possible Worlds (Maître), 12, 20

Little, Big (Crowley), 217

locus, 228–29, 237. See also Suvin, Darko

“Locus, Horizon, and Orientation” (Suvin), 228

logical impossibility, 4, 13, 20, 157–61, 164–66, 169–70, 205–9, 220, 253, 279–80

The Logic of Life (Jacob), 88

Logique du récit (Bremond), 19

Lolita (Nabokov), 30, 99–101

London, Jack, 33, 184, 186–98

The Lord of the Rings (Tolkien), 12, 34, 70, 203–4, 212, 216, 300, 319–21

Lorente, Joaquín Martínez, 230

Loux, Michael J., 4

The Lovely Bones (Sebold), 32, 161–63, 169–70

Lucas Company, 72

ludus, 275, 281, 286, 288, 319. See also Caillois, Roger

Lynch, David, 170

Lyotard, Jean-François, 298

Macbeth (Shakespeare), 74, 75

MacDonald, George, 203, 220

Madame Bovary (Flaubert), 66, 75, 285, 316–17, 321

The Magician’s Nephew (Lewis), 221

“The Magic Poker” (Coover), 309

La maison de rendez-vous (Robbe-Grillet), 66–67

Maître, Doreen, 12, 20, 82n4

Malone Dies (Beckett), 17

Mann, Thomas, 99

Manovich, Lev, 36–37, 296–312

Margolin, Uri, 94–95

Márquez, Gabriel García, 95, 204

Martin, Thomas L., 1, 13–14, 33–34, 201–24, 315, 319

Marvell, Andrew, 210

Marxism, 22, 225, 240

The Matrix, 236, 276

Maupassant, Guy de, 215

maximal departure, 31–32, 134, 136, 141–42, 144, 147

maximality, 74, 274

McCawley, James, 300

McCormick, Peter J., 312n2

McHale, Brian, 25, 98, 136–38, 318

McIntyre, Dan, 97

McKillip, Patricia, 209

McLaughlin, Robert, 268

mediacy, 120–21

Meinong, Alexius, 58, 296

Melia, Joseph, 54

Melissa and Melissa (Allen), 274

Melville, Herman, 99

Mendlesohn, Farah, 204, 215–17

metafiction, 28, 67, 96, 142, 149, 253, 260, 279

metalepsis, 25–26, 66, 95, 100, 137, 278, 318

metanarrative, 67, 240

metaphor, 115, 117, 118, 127, 210, 220, 229, 233, 259, 272, 304, 306, 310, 317

metaverses, 36, 275–79, 283, 290n8. See also Second Life

microfiction, 68–70

Miéville, China, 216

Mihailescu, Calin Andrei, 230–31

Miller, Carolyn, 310

mimesis, 53, 75, 76–77, 80–81, 98, 126–27, 142, 206, 210–11, 215, 261, 273

Minecraft, 276, 280

minimal departure, 29, 31, 72, 80, 127, 134, 136, 141–42, 181–82, 188–89, 254, 258, 307–9

Mitchell, David, 65

MMOGs, 275, 283–84. See also Second Life

MMORPGs, 36, 275, 284–85, 291n21. See also World of Warcraft

Moby Dick (Melville), 99

modal logic, 4, 8, 11, 13, 35, 47, 54–55, 62, 89, 126–27, 179–80, 182–83, 185–86, 228, 229, 231, 238–40, 274–75, 279–88, 299–301, 305, 307–8, 310; accessibility in, 4, 8, 12, 14–15, 20–22, 31, 65, 126, 134–36, 145, 147, 148, 157, 170, 188, 193, 226, 231–34, 235, 236, 239, 244n15, 274, 276. See also Kripke, Saul; Ryan, Marie-Laure

modal realism, 6, 7–8, 15, 50–51, 96. See also Lewis, David

model theory, 211

modernist fiction, 91–92, 94, 203

Modern Library, 203

Molloy (Beckett), 17

“Les mondes possibles du texte” (Vaina), 11. See also Eco, Umberto; Ryan, Marie-Laure

monstrosity, 88

The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress (Heinlein), 228–29

More, Thomas, 35, 230, 233–34, 237, 242

Morrell, Edward H., 188, 192

Morris, Charles, 50

Morris, William, 203

Morrison, Toni, 96

Morson, Gary Saul, 89

motor resonance, 124, 128. See also Taylor, Lawrence J.; Zwaan, Rolf A.

Mulligan Stew (Sorrentino), 25

multiple endings, 164–65, 170

Munslow, Alun, 52

Münsterberg, Hugo, 102–3

Murakami, Haruki, 290n7

“Murders in the Rue Morgue” (Poe), 100

Nabokov, Vladimir Vladimirovich, 30, 95, 96, 99–101

narrated world, 179, 181–89, 192, 217

narrative, 296–306, 309, 311–12

narrative contradictions, 18, 32, 158–61, 164–65, 169–70

narrative theory, 2–3, 8–24, 35, 47, 62–63, 67, 81, 89, 113, 115–17, 122, 127, 179, 182, 186, 196, 211, 216, 225, 229, 241–42, 272, 321

narrative universals, 121. See also Sternberg, Meir

narrativity, 179, 182–83, 239, 273, 300–301

narratology. See narrative theory

narrators, 10, 17–18, 30, 64, 82n1, 84n15, 90–96, 98–10, 104n3, 106n11, 120–21, 124–25, 137, 139–41, 149n5, 158, 160–63, 166, 168, 171n3, 173n10, 184–95, 214, 253, 256, 265–67, 299; dead, 95, 160–63, 169–70, 171n4; nonhuman, 95; unreliable, 18, 95, 99, 192. See also virtual voice

Navas, Eduardo, 250, 268

networks, 297–98, 302

Never Let Me Go (Ishiguro), 232–33

New Atlantis (Bacon), 232

New Criticism, 1, 48, 81, 316

New York Times, 127, 204

The New York Trilogy (Auster), 137

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 51

The Nigger of the “Narcissus” (Conrad), 95

1984 (Orwell), 231, 239–40

Niven, Larry, 24

Noë, Alva, 127

nonfiction novel, 266–67

nonporous worlds, 218

Notes from the Underground (Dostoevsky), 17

Nünning, Ansgar, 313n7

O’Brien, Flann, 32, 133, 135–50

Occam’s razor, 7

The Ohio School, 318

Olsen, Lance, 256–61, 257, 263, 266

Olson, Greta, 163

ontological ambiguity, 30, 35, 255, 263

ontological flickering, 35, 249, 255, 256–61, 264, 267, 320. See also Bell, Alice

ontological merging, 35, 255, 264–67, 320. See also Bell, Alice

ontological refreshment, 35, 255, 261–64, 267, 320. See also Bell, Alice

Orwell, George, 231, 239–40

Oryx and Crake (Atwood), 240

Oţoiu, Adrian, 146

Oulipo, 319

paidia, 275. See also Caillois, Roger

panfictionality, 267

Parable of the Sower (Butler), 240

paratext, 252, 264

Parker, Jeff, 258

Partee, Barbara H., 55

Pavel, Thomas G., 9, 15, 27, 37, 47, 113, 134, 157, 211, 227, 237, 280, 285, 300, 309, 315–22; salient structures in the work of, 213

Peake, Mervyn, 212

Peirce, Charles Sanders, 33, 201

Perdido Street Station (Miéville), 216

Perry, John, 55

Phèdre (Racine), 29, 76–81

Phelan, James, 318

phenomenology, 117, 118, 128, 161–65, 170, 219

Phillips, Elizabeth, 100

The Pickwick Papers (Dickens), 215

Pirandello, Luigi, 25

Planck, Max, 202

Plantinga, Alvin, 3

Plato, 35, 53, 234, 237, 242

play, 120–21, 132, 136, 141–44, 147, 148, 165, 170, 209, 220, 249, 252–53, 261, 319

plot, 115, 123, 125, 181–82, 185–86, 194, 231, 241–42, 255, 274, 279, 301, 307

The Plot against America (Roth), 23

Plunkett, Edward. See Dunsany, Eighteenth Baron of (Edward Plunkett)

Poe, Edgar Allan, 100

Poetics (Aristotle), 62

Pohl, Frederik, 24

Poiesis and Possible Worlds (Martin), 13–14, 217–18

point of view, 257–58, 261–63, 265, 279, 300

Point Omega (DeLillo), 102–3

Pope, Alexander, 220

Popova, Yanna, 120–21, 122, 126

Porfyry’s tree, 48, 49, 56

possibilism, 54–55, 201

The Possible and the Actual (Jacob), 88

Possible Worlds, Artificial Intelligence and Narrative Theory (Ryan), 12, 19, 21–22, 75, 96–97, 127, 296, 299, 307

“Possible Worlds in Humanities, Arts and Sciences” Nobel symposium (1986), 8, 54

“Possible Worlds in Literary Semantics” (Pavel), 9, 47

Possible Worlds in Literary Theory (Ronen), 13

Possible Worlds of Fiction and History (Doležel), 13, 22

The Possible Worlds of Hypertext Fiction (Bell), 13, 27–28, 297, 315, 320

Possible Worlds of the Fantastic (Traill), 13, 213–17

possible worlds theory, 1–39, 53–57, 67, 88–91, 96–97, 113, 157–76, 182, 205–15, 217–18, 225–31, 252–56, 267, 274–75, 296–313, 315–22

postmodernism, 168–69, 240, 268, 298, 309, 319

postmodernist fiction, 24–26, 27, 30, 31, 35–36, 66, 71, 75, 91, 132–38, 142, 147, 148–49, 158, 170n1, 204, 229–30, 251, 255, 260, 268, 318–19

post-postmodernism, 250, 268

“Postscript to ‘Truth in Fiction’” (Lewis), 17

poststructuralism, 1, 3, 48, 81, 316, 319

pragmatics, 48–50, 57, 216, 253, 299

Pratchett, Terry, 204

Pratt, Mary Louise, 69

prehension, 90. See also Whitehead, Alfred North

Prickitt, Lyndee, 264–67, 265

Pride and Prejudice (Austen), 71, 73

Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (Grahame-Smith), 71

Priest, Graham, 158, 169

Prince, Gerald, 69

principle of amelioration, 234, 235, 236–38, 244n15

principle of maximal departure. See maximal departure

principle of minimal departure. See minimal departure

Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics (Bakhtin), 92

protointerpretation, 161, 170

Proust, Marcel, 64, 122, 208

Psycho (Bloch), 96

Psycho (film), 96, 102

Punday, Daniel, 28, 37, 289n2, 296–314, 320–21

Putnam, Hilary, 296

Queen of the Street (Beck), 105n7

Quine, Willard Van Orman, 1

Rabelais, François, 214

Rabinowitz, Peter, 304, 307, 318

Rabkin, Eric, 208

Racine, Jean, 29, 76–81

Rainbow Six Siege, 291n22

Rand, Ayn, 240

realism, 50–51, 53–54, 201–6, 209–11, 280, 285, 288, 309, 316

real life (RL), 15, 278

recentering, 16, 18, 27, 35, 96, 101, 133, 140–43, 180, 212, 232, 237, 249, 253–59, 261, 263, 265, 279, 299. See also Ryan, Marie-Laure; Wang, W. Michelle

Reference and Computation (Kronfeld), 296

relevance theory, 114–15. See also Sperber, Dan; Wilson, Deirdre

The Remains of the Day (Ishiguro), 99

Remix, 250, 268. See also Navas, Eduardo

Republic (Plato), 35, 234, 237, 242

Rescher, Nicholas, 7, 133, 211

Rezeptionsästhetik, 49, 100

rhetoric, 57, 216, 310

The Rhetoric of Fictionality (Walsh), 114

Rhetorics of Fantasy (Mendlesohn), 215–17

rhythm, 115, 120–23, 126, 128

Richardson, Brian, 95, 105n4, 318

Ricoeur, Paul, 80

Rivers, Kenneth, 198n10, 198nn12–13

Robbe-Grillet, Alain, 66–67, 85n18, 170

Robinson Crusoe (Defoe), 227, 234, 237, 243n4, 305

Rohde, Marieke, 119–21

The Role of the Reader (Eco), 11–12

Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare), 71, 72

Ronen, Ruth, 13, 15, 67, 75, 97, 157–59, 179–80, 182, 185, 296, 300, 317

Rosch, Eleanor, 118–19, 121, 160

Roth, Philip, 23

“Rothschild’s Fiddle” (Chekhov), 92

Le rouge et le noir (Stendhal), 75

Rowling, J. K., 12, 70, 159–60, 169, 204

Run Lola Run, 23

Rushdie, Salman, 96

Russell, Bertrand, 1, 51, 53, 211, 296

Ryan, Marie-Laure, 11, 12, 15–17, 19–22, 24, 25–26, 27–28, 29, 31, 34–35, 37, 58, 62–87, 90–91, 92, 96–97, 113, 115, 116–17, 127, 132–36, 157–58, 165, 180–81, 185–86, 192, 193, 211–12, 227, 229, 231–34, 237, 239, 241, 244n15, 251, 253–55, 257, 259, 267, 279, 296, 299, 300–301, 307–9, 310–11, 315, 318

Saint-Gelais, Richard, 64, 70

salient structures, 213

Sargent, Lyman Tower, 226–28, 238, 243nn4–5

Saussure, Ferdinand de, 2, 5, 33–34, 201

Schaeffer, Jean-Marie, 80, 317

Schiller, Friedrich, 133

A School for Fools (Sokolov), 95–96

Schrödinger, Erwin, 24, 202

Schuknecht, Mattison, 34–35, 225–46, 318

science fiction, 21–22, 24, 38, 64, 66, 88, 117, 123–26, 165–67, 181, 186, 203, 207, 211–12, 228, 229–30, 233–34, 235, 236, 238, 309

scientism, 202

Searle, John, 49

Sebald, W. G., 251

Sebold, Alice, 32, 161–63, 169–70

secondary world, 208–9, 216

Second Life, 15, 27, 36, 273, 275–84

Sefler, George, 230

Sellors, C. Paul, 243n7

semantics, 48–58, 67–68, 81, 113, 158, 180, 208, 211, 216, 218, 225–26, 228, 239, 298, 301, 305, 309; narrative, 12, 18–20, 28; one-world, 53–54, 208, 226; plurality-of-worlds, 53–54; possible worlds, 226, 229–30

Semino, Elena, 13

Senior, Bill, 221n4

sensorimotor skills, 170. See also embodiment

Shakespeare, William, 11, 51, 53, 71, 72, 74, 75, 189, 206, 209, 321

Shea, Thomas, 137

Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 206, 220

Shippey, Tom, 221n1

“The Shipwreck” (Falconer), 140, 144

Shusterman, Richard, 132

Sidney, Philip, 210, 220

The Silver Chair (Lewis), 210

Sim, Stuart, 168

The Simpsons, 71

The Sims, 287

Singh, Jyoti, 265

Sittenfeld, Curtis, 72–73

Six Characters in Search of an Author (Pirandello), 25

size, 68–74

Sliding Doors, 23

Slinin, J. A., 54

small worlds, 55–56

Smith, Ali, 93–94, 95, 96

social cognition, 119–22. See also De Jaegher, Hanne; Di Paolo, Ezequiel; Rohde, Marieke

social interaction, 116, 118–22

Socrates, 53

Sokolov, Sasha, 95–96

Sorrentino, Gilbert, 25

The Sound and the Fury (Faulkner), 17

Spenser, Edmund, 210

Sperber, Dan, 114. See also relevance theory

Stableford, Brian, 165–66

Stalnaker, Robert, 55

Stanzel, Franz Karl, 161

The Star Rover (London), 33, 184, 186–98

Star Trek, 242

Star Wars, 64, 70, 72, 204, 229, 300, 312

Stendhal, 75

Stephenson, Neal, 290n8

Step Inside (Black), 105n7

Sternberg, Meir, 121. See also narrative universals

Stevenson, Robert Louis, 216

Stockwell, Peter, 230, 243n5

storytime, 181

storyworld, 8, 15, 18–19, 29, 31, 33, 62–85, 113–17, 123, 127–28, 160, 163, 166, 169, 311, 317, 320. See also Herman, David

Storyworlds across Media (Thon and Ryan), 310–11

Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (Stevenson), 216

A Stroll through the Worlds of Animals and Men (von Uexküll), 117

structuralism, 9, 48, 181, 214, 316

subjective narration, 57

subworld, 185, 193

suspense, anomalous, 129

suspension of disbelief, 208–9

Suvin, Darko, 228–29, 233–34, 236–37

Swartz, Norman, 50

Swift, Jonathan, 20, 64, 214, 215

Swinfen, Ann, 221n4

“Sylvan’s Box” (Priest), 158, 169

syntactics, 50

Tabone, Mark A., 244n9

Tamagotchi, 287

Tamir-Ghez, Nomi, 100

Taylor, Lawrence J., 124. See also motor resonance

Tegmark, Max, 24

tellability, 35, 241–42, 301

“Tell-Tale Rhythms” (Caracciolo), 122

temporality, 161, 165–69, 179–200, 207, 301–2, 320

temporal parts, 182–84

10:01 (Olsen and Guthrie), 256–61, 257, 263, 266

Terra Nostra (Fuentes), 23

text theory, 56

textual actual world (TAW), 19–20, 33, 37, 90–91, 133, 135, 138–44, 138, 139, 180–81, 185–86, 188–93, 196, 231, 233, 238, 241, 250–51, 254–55, 256–61, 263–67, 300–301. See also actual world (AW); alternate possible world (APW); Ryan, Marie-Laure; textual alternate possible world (TAPW); textual possible world (TPW); Wang, W. Michelle

textual alternate possible world (TAPW), 135, 138, 139–40, 140–47. See also actual world (AW); alternate possible world (APW); Ryan, Marie-Laure; textual actual world (TAW); textual possible world (TPW); Wang, W. Michelle

textualism, 1, 34, 65, 73–74, 81, 201

textual possible world (TPW), 19, 37, 132. See also actual world (AW); alternate possible world (APW); Ryan, Marie-Laure; textual actual world (TAW); textual alternate possible world (TAPW); Wang, W. Michelle

textual reference world (TRW), 237

texture, 304–6, 309

Théodicée (Theodicy) (Leibniz), 3, 272, 289n3

La théorie littéraire des mondes possibles (Lavocat), 14

theory of fiction, 2–3, 12, 15–18, 47

third-person narration, 57, 64, 256

Thompson, Evan, 118–19, 121, 160

Thon, Jan-Noël, 159–60, 261, 310–11

Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (Carroll), 205–6, 221n7

time, 179–200; discourse, 181, 196; external, 183–85, 189–90, 193–94, 196; narrated, 180, 186, 189–93; personal, 183–86, 189–90, 193–94, 196; textual actual, 33, 181, 185–86, 189–96

Time’s Arrow (Amis), 25

Times of India, 266

time travel, 33, 66, 165–70, 181, 184, 186, 189–90, 195, 196

Titus Groan (Peake), 212

Todorov, Tzvetan, 19, 20–21, 33, 82n4, 192, 213–14, 217, 310

To Kill a Mockingbird (Lee), 73–74

Tolkien, J. R. R., 134, 203, 206, 208–9, 212, 214, 215, 220, 273, 319; The Lord of the Rings, 12, 34, 70, 203–4, 212, 216, 300, 319–21

Tolstoy, Count Lyov Nikolayevich, 91, 97

To Set a Watchman (Lee), 73–74

total worlds, 55

Toynbee, Philip, 203

Traherne, Thomas, 210

Traill, Nancy, 13, 20–21, 213–17

transfictionality, 11, 29, 64, 65, 70–74, 81, 230–31. See also Saint-Gelais, Richard

Transmedial Narratology and Contemporary Media Culture (Thon), 311

transmedia storytelling, 70, 72, 310–12

Transparent Things (Nabokov), 95

transuniverse relations, 135–36, 227–28, 231–45. See also modal logic

transworld identity, 26, 143, 147, 149n4

“Truth in Fiction” (Lewis), 10, 12, 15–16

Turner, Mark, 162–63

The Turn of the Screw (James), 12, 20–21, 102, 214

24 Hour Psycho (Gordon), 102

Ulysses (Joyce), 105n8, 203

Umwelt, 116, 117–19, 124–25, 320. See also von Uexküll, Jakob

undecidable relations, 136, 147, 149. See also modal logic

“Univers de fiction” (Pavel), 285

The Unnamable (Beckett), 17, 95

unnatural narrative, 181, 184, 186, 189, 196; school of, 80, 115, 319

Unnatural Narrative (Alber), 67

unreliability, 18, 95, 99, 192

Useful Fictions (Austin), 103

utopia, 34–35, 225–45, 318

Utopia (More), 35, 230, 233–34, 237, 242

utopian studies, 225, 229

Utopian Studies, 225

Vaina, Lucia, 11

Van Dijk, Teun, 127

Van Heijenoort, Jean, 52

Van Looy, Jan, 27

Varela, Francisco, 118–19, 121, 160

Vathek (Beckford), 215

Vaughan, Christopher, 148

video games, 272–91, 303–6, 311–12

virtual actual world (VAW), 278

virtual narrative, 89, 92, 101, 103, 318. See also Ryan, Marie-Laure

virtual possible world (VPW), 278

virtual voice, 30, 89, 92–100, 318. See also Grishakova, Marina

virtual world (VW), 58, 180, 185, 236, 274–91

von Uexküll, Jakob, 116, 117–19

Vultur, Ioana, 80

Waiting for Godot (Beckett), 29, 76, 78–81

Walsh, Richard, 84n18, 114–15, 126, 320

Walton, Kendall, 213

Wang, W. Michelle, 31–32, 132–56, 319

War and Peace (Tolstoy), 97

Warhol, Robin, 318

Waugh, Patricia, 132, 142, 145

We (Zamyatin), 229

We Are Angry (Prickitt), 264–67, 265

Wegner, Phillip, 229–30, 244n9

Wernimont, Jaqueline, 230

West Side Story, 71, 72

White, Hayden, 52

Whitehead, Alfred North, 90. See also prehension

Wilson, Deirdre, 114. See also relevance theory

Wilson, Edmund, 203

Winterson, Jeanette, 96

wish world, 19–20, 237, 245n16

Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 1, 317

Wittig, Monique, 95

Wolf, Mark, 222n9

Wolfe, Gary K., 209

Wolterstorff, Nicholas, 49, 74, 75

world. See actual world (AW); alternate possible world (APW); doxastic worlds; fantasy world; fictional world; impossible world; narrated world; nonporous worlds; possible worlds theory; secondary world; small worlds; storyworld; subworld; textual actual world (TAW); total worlds; virtual world (VW)

World of Warcraft, 36, 273, 275, 286

Wright, Rob, 276, 277, 278

Wyndham, John, 24

Yagisawa, Takashi, 55

Yakobi, Tamar, 99

YouTube, 285

Zamyatin, Yevgeny, 229

Zipes, Jack, 222n14

Zuleika Dobson (Beerbohm), 203

Zunshine, Lisa, 162

Zwaan, Rolf A., 124, 128. See also motor resonance