GENERAL INDEX

ability: see capacity

action [πρᾶξις]

and choice, 117–118

matters of, 41

‘mixed’, 254–255

not performed by animals, 61

not performed by children, 61

and particulars, 128

see also origins; producing

activity [ἐνέργεια]

vs capacity, 238

vs movement, 352–353

vs state, 46, 154, 156, 227, 239, 309, 406, 459

actuality, vs potentiality [ἐνέργεια], 7–8

adultery, 53, 93, 98, 104, 111, 246, 272, 385, 423

ambiguity: see homonymy

ambition, 173, 248, 293–294, 451, 466

amusement, 147, 300, 358–359

analogy, 164, 222

see also homonymy

anger [ὀργή]

objects of, 294–295

and pain, 82, 272

see also good temper; rage

animals

cannot be happy, 229

and courage, 70

do not act, 61

do not choose, 68, 258, 402

and friendship, 165, 178, 319

and pleasure, 80–81, 153, 155, 158, 275–276, 277, 356–357

and virtue, 131, 408

and the voluntary, 257–258

and wisdom, 123

see also brutishness

appetite [ἐπιθυμία]

and choice, 66, 258

and continence, 59–60

kinds of, 141, 144, 276–277, 278

and the voluntary, 59–60, 257–258, 399–400

art: see crafts

associations [κοινωνία], 180–182, 183, 315–317

assumption [ὑπόληψις], 134, 427

astuteness [ἀγχίνοια], 126

avarice [αἰσχροκέρδεια], 83, 284, 411

bashfulness [κατάπληξις], 88, 249, 414

belief [δόξα]

and choice, 65–66, 259

degrees of, 137

and deliberation, 126

and incontinence, 135–136, 137, 149–150, 437, 439

vs knowledge, 135

benefaction, 171–172, 179–180, 187–188, 280–281, 334, 335–337, 469

measurement of, 323–325

benevolence [εὔνοια], 178–179, 305, 310–311, 333–334, 469–470

blessedness [μακαριότης], 35, 230–231, 233–235

see also happiness

boastfulness [ἀλαζονεία], 89, 249, 298–299, 415

boorishness [ἀγροικία], 89, 249, 301, 414

brutes: see animals

brutishness [θηριότης], 133, 142–143, 145, 436, 443

buffoonery [βωμολοχία], 89, 249, 300, 414

calculation, 117, 356, 382, 438, 458

candour [ἀλήθεια], 89, 249, 298–299, 415

cannibalism, 142

capacity [δύναμις], 50, 238, 243–244, 341–342, 394

categories, 42, 220–221, 449

causes, 68, 199

see also origins

chance: see fortune

character, 50, 72, 217, 258, 304, 329, 347, 381, 393, 396, 470

children

and appetite, 278

are not happy, 229, 390

courage of, 75–76

do not act, 61

do not choose, 68, 258

and friendship, 178

and pleasure, 153, 155, 351

and sleep, 37

and virtue, 131

and the voluntary, 256–257

choice [προαίρεσις], 65–69, 258–260, 402–403

and appetite, 66, 258

and belief, 65–66, 259

defined, 68, 262, 402–403

and deliberation, 66, 107, 260, 403

and desire, 66, 118, 258, 402

objects of, 66, 241, 258–259, 402–403, 426

an origin of action, 117–118

and passion, 66, 258

and thought, 118–119, 403

and virtue, 78, 246

and the voluntary, 60–61, 65, 68–69, 107, 258, 259–260, 403–404

and will, 66, 258–259, 402

and wisdom, 130

churlishness [αὐθάδεια], 88–89, 413

cleverness [δεινότης], 130–131, 428, 446

company [ὁμιλία], 296–297, 300

completeness [τέλειος], 204, 216, 387–388, 416, 429, 434

degrees of, 223–224

of happiness, 46–47, 223, 225, 230, 361, 390–391

of pleasure, 352–353

compulsion [ἀνάγκη], 61, 63–64, 254–256, 401–403

see also force

concord [ὁμόνοια], 178–179, 303–304, 334–335, 470

constitutions, 180–181, 317–319

and families, 180–181, 318

and friendships, 318–319, 324–325

contemplation [θεωρία], 16–17, 37, 205–206, 360–365, 472

see also happiness

contempt, 84–85

continence [ἐγκράτεια]

defined, 59, 195

and endurance, 146–147

not a virtue, 71, 302

objects of, 137, 438–439

opinions about, 134

of passion, 60, 400

vs temperance, 135, 143, 150–151, 438, 444–445

a virtue, 59, 436, 481

voluntary, 63, 400

see also incontinence

contracts, voluntary vs involuntary, 327

contraries [ἐναντία], 70, 91–92, 157, 348, 349

and friendship, 160–162, 174–175, 460, 465

among virtues and vices, 51, 55–56, 83–84, 90, 250–251, 297, 395–396

convention [νόμος], 105–106

see also law

conviviality [εὐτραπελία], 89, 249, 300–301, 414

courage [ἀνδρεία], 73–79, 247, 267–274, 407–409, 481

defined, 270

and fear, 73–75, 268–269, 273, 409

off-centre kinds of, 75–76, 270–273, 407–409

and experience, 271–272, 407–408

and hope, 409

and inexperience, 75–76, 408

military, 75, 271–272, 407

and passion, 76–77, 272, 408

political, 75, 270–271, 408

and pleasure/pain, 240, 273–274

and wisdom, 430

covetousness, 92, 94, 483

cowardice [δειλία], 75, 77–78, 94, 143, 240, 247, 269–270, 278, 482

crafts [τέχναι], 35–36, 119–120, 215, 336, 426, 430

and deliberation, 260–261, 404–405

and the mean, 245

of pleasure?, 153, 155, 452

virtue of, 121

and virtues, 238–239, 242–243

craftsmanship [τέχνη], 119–120

and understanding, 122–123

death, 77, 230–231, 233, 267–268

decrees, 105, 113

deduction, 119

false, 126

practical, 8–9, 126, 137–139, 261, 439–440

deficiency [ἔλλειψις]: see excess

definition, 383–384

deliberation [βουλή], 67–69, 260–262, 403–404

and belief, 126

and choice, 66, 107, 260, 403

error in, 67, 125, 126–127

and inquiry, 125–126, 261

not about ends, 67, 71, 261

objects of, 67–68, 118, 120, 123–124, 260–261, 404, 426

skill in, 120, 125–127, 431–432

and wisdom, 120–121, 123–124, 127, 431–432

demonstration: see proof

depravity [μοχθηρία]: see vices

desire [ὄρεξις]

and choice, 66, 118, 258, 402

kinds of, 59, 399

and the voluntary, 58–60, 399–401

diffidence [μικροψυχία], 85–86, 248, 292–293, 412, 428, 484

dignity [σεμνότης], 88–89, 413–414

disease, 36, 154, 221, 265, 397

divine, 41, 123, 157, 229, 234, 360–361, 384, 428

see also gods

education, 39, 95, 217, 347, 368–369

emotions [πάθος], 50–51, 90, 241, 243–244, 258, 347, 393–394, 400, 458

see also passions

ends [τέλος]

of action, 215–216

as causes, 68–69

complete, 223

kinds of, 215–216, 387

of sciences, 38–39, 42–43, 46

endurance [καρτερία], 140, 146–147, 442–443

enjoyment: see pleasure

envy [φθόνος], 88, 249–250, 413

equality [ἰσότης]

arithmetical vs geometrical, 171, 181, 313

= fairness, 96–98

see also friendship; justice

equity [ἐπιείκεια], 112–113, 128, 431

error, 107, 246, 404–405

ethics

end of, 4, 38–39, 239, 366, 381

vs metaethics, 9–10

methods in, 34–35, 39–40, 41, 49, 129, 133–134, 157–158, 216, 218–219, 225–226, 349, 364–365, 385, 436–437

see also people’s perceptions; precision

and politics, 4, 216, 235, 381

etymologizing, 50, 68, 79, 84, 121, 153, 237, 260, 278, 285, 288, 293, 295, 300, 317, 393, 402–403, 413

excess [ὑπερβολή], 51, 53, 239–240, 392–393

items without, 53, 158, 247, 394–395

see also mean

exchange, 100–103, 417–418

extravagance [δαπανηρία], 412

see also prodigality

fairness: see equality

family relationships

and constitutions, 180–182, 318

and friendship, 171, 312–313, 318–319, 320–321, 337, 468–469

and happiness, 224

and justice, 105, 115, 315–316, 419, 423–424

fear

causes of, 76–77

kinds of, 409

objects of, 73–75, 267–268

see also courage

feeling: see emotions

flattery [κολακεία], 88, 173, 292, 297, 313–314, 351, 414–415, 432, 461

folly, 482

foolhardiness: see overconfidence

force [βία], 61–62, 255–256, 401

forgiveness: see sympathy

Forms: see Ideas, Platonic

fortune [τύχη], 197–202, 454–456

a cause?, 198–199, 201, 456

causes of, 197–198, 200–201, 454–455

and friendship, 162, 170, 192–193, 194, 344–346

and gods, 198, 454–455

and happiness, 197, 231–232

and nature, 198, 454–455

non-existent?, 198–199

and pride, 290–291

two kinds of?, 200, 202, 455–456

see also goods

friendliness [φιλία], 88, 249, 296–297, 414–415

friendship [φιλία]

among animals, 163

among the base, 165, 169, 171, 174, 308, 314–315, 332–333, 346, 461–462

based on pleasure, 164–166, 306–307, 308, 311, 463–464

based on utility, 164–166, 306, 308–309, 311–312, 463–464

moral vs legal, 183–186, 322–323, 327

based on virtue, 165–167, 170–171, 187–188, 307–308, 463–464

among few, 169, 189, 192–193, 311, 343–344, 473–474

= perfect kind, 307–308

and pleasure, 464

= primary kind, 164–165, 167–170

rarity of, 307–308

as subsuming other kinds, 462–463

= tout court, 165

and benefaction, 179–180, 187–188

and benevolence, 178–179, 305, 310–311, 333–334, 469–470

and complaints, 172, 184–185, 186, 322–325, 326–327, 474

how resolved, 184–187

and concord, 178–179, 324–325

and constitutions, 318–319, 334–335

defined, 163–164, 187–188

degrees of, 344, 463

and disputes, 172–173, 185

dissolution of, 184, 306, 323, 326, 329–331

duration of, 169–170, 307, 309–310, 314–315, 325–326

duties of, 327–329

and equality, 171, 180, 183, 312, 464–465, 468

and external goods, 473

and gods, 172, 188, 191–192, 313, 321, 472

and the good, 162

and good/ill fortune, 162, 170, 192–193, 194, 344–346

and happiness, 188, 340–341

homonymy of, 163–164, 462–463

and justice, 17–18, 160, 180, 182–183, 303–304, 313, 315–316, 467–468

kinds of, 19, 163–165, 172–173, 180, 183, 305–306, 462

among kinsmen, 181, 319–320, 469

and love, 18–19, 163, 167–168, 190

marks of, 176–177, 192, 331–332, 466–467

living together, 190–192, 310, 340, 343–344, 346, 467

natural, 321, 325

noble, 304

off-centre kinds of, 174–175, 309

with oneself, 175–178, 331–333, 337–340, 467–468, 470–471

and pleasure, 162, 167–168, 464

political, 179, 181–182, 183, 325–326

problems about, 160–162, 304, 327–328, 460–461

and products, 179–180, 336

and self-sufficiency, 188–193, 471–473

as taking time, 168–169, 307–308

and trust, 168–169, 184, 307–308, 323

among unequals, 171–174, 312–313, 321, 324–325, 465–466, 468–469

value of, 188–189, 303–304, 340–343, 472–473

a virtue, 303

see also contraries; family relationships

frigidity, 89

functions: see tasks

gentlemanliness [καλοκἀγαθία], 203–204, 289, 366, 457

gentleness: see good temper

geometry, 57–58, 261

see also proportion

gimlets, essence of, 182

gods

and contemplation, 206, 363

and fortune, 198, 454–455

and friendship, 172, 188, 191–192, 313, 321, 472

and justice, 481

as origins, 57

and pleasure, 159

and praise, 233–234

and virtue, 105, 133, 363

good

apparent vs real, 162–163, 262–263, 265

the chief, 12–14, 41, 215–216, 218, 224–225, 358, 387–389

the common, 41–44, 383–385

homonymy of, 222

human, 41, 222–223, 225

Idea of, 6–7, 41–44, 220–222, 383, 385–386

and the noble, 44, 203–204, 457

tout court vs relative, 163, 166, 310, 461

goods

and categories, 42, 220–221, 449

external [= of fortune], 156, 228–229, 290–291, 360–361, 364, 454, 456

kinds of, 45, 154, 156, 163, 203–204, 221–222, 226–227, 383, 386–387, 388, 441

good temper [πραότης], 82, 248, 294–296, 410–411, 480

goodwill: see benevolence

greatness, 84–87, 287–289

grumpiness [δυσκολία], 249, 296–297

habit [ἔθος], 50, 143, 237–238, 278, 393

happiness [εὐδαιμονία]

the acquisition of, 33–34, 35, 229

an activity, 7–8, 227, 341, 358, 388, 390

and amusement, 358–359

and blessedness, 35, 230–231, 233–234

= the chief good, 12–14, 41, 218, 224–225, 358, 388–389

complete, 46–47, 223, 225, 230, 361, 390–391

and contemplation, 16–17, 37, 205–206, 360–365, 472

and death, 230–231, 232–233

defined, 14, 35, 46–47, 225, 232, 390

and external goods, 156, 228–229, 360–361, 364, 454, 456

and good/ill fortune, 231–232

and friends, 188, 340–341

and knowledge, 458–459

lasting, 47, 231–232 = living well, 227, 389

not = pleasure, 13–14, 36–37, 219, 447

not praiseworthy, 47, 233–234

opinions about, 34, 35–36, 47, 218, 364

as a pleasant thing, 156–157, 227–228

secondary kind of, 362–363

self-sufficient, 224

and the soul, 35, 225, 390

and success, 14

and virtue, 14, 46–47, 227, 229, 359–360, 388, 390

harm, kinds of, 107–108

health, 34, 44, 46, 91, 129, 163, 215, 218, 223, 240, 349, 354, 384, 387–388, 393, 425, 432

homonymy, 92, 419

focal, 163–164, 222, 462–463

homosexuality, 88, 143

honour [τιμή], 85, 219–220, 248, 268, 270–271, 286, 289–290, 294, 313–314, 434–435

hostility, 88, 414–415

Ideas, Platonic, 41–44, 220–222, 385–386

see also good

ignorance [ἄγνοια]

kinds of, 65, 256–257, 421

as subject to punishment, 264

illiberality [ἀνελευθερία], 83, 247, 282

and avarice, 284

kinds of, 83, 283–284, 411, 483–484

immortality, 66, 259, 402

impetuosity [προπέτεια], 147–148, 444

see also incontinence

impulse, 61–62, 199–200, 391, 429, 453

incontinence [ἀκρασία]

and belief, 135–136, 137, 149–150, 437, 439

causes of, 138–139

and cleverness, 446

defined, 59, 109–110

and deliberation, 126

and impetuosity, 147–148, 444

kinds of, 147–148, 151–152

and knowledge, 134–135, 136–139, 437, 439

morbid vs natural, 441

non-existent?, 134–135, 139, 437

not a vice, 147–148, 151

objects of, 137, 139–142, 441–442

problems of, 62, 134–136, 436–437

of rage, 143–145, 442

and reason, 149–150

vs self-indulgence, 150–151, 443–444, 445

tout court, 139–142

a vice?, 59, 60, 195, 436, 483

voluntary, 62–63, 151, 399–400, 422

and weakness, 147–148, 444

and wisdom, 134, 135, 151, 445–446

indignation [νέμεσις], 88, 249–250, 413

induction, 45, 49, 51, 119, 203, 384

infinite regress, 201, 215

inirascibility, 248, 294–295, 410

injustice

to the base?, 433

and covetousness, 92, 94

and homonymy, 92

and ignorance, 420–421

kinds of, 423, 483

and lawlessness, 92

to oneself?, 113–115, 422–424

and unfairness, 98, 417

and unjust acts, 104, 106, 108–110, 420

voluntarily accepted?, 109–110, 114–115, 421–422

and the voluntary, 106–108

see also justice

insensibility [ἀναισθησία], 81, 150, 240, 247, 277, 410

intelligence [νοῦς]

and action, 117

divine?, 360

= the man, 331–332, 338, 361–362

objects of, 121–122, 128, 360, 427

and wisdom, 125

intemperance: see self-indulgence

interactions, voluntary vs involuntary, 96, 100, 184

involuntary [ἀκούσιος], 58–65, 254–258, 420–421

and compulsion, 63–64, 255–256, 401–402

defined, 65, 254, 258

and force, 59, 61–62, 255–256, 401

and ignorance, 65, 255–256, 421

vs non-voluntary, 256

see also voluntary

irascibility [ὀργιλότης], 82, 248, 294–295, 410, 482

judgement [σύνεσις], 127, 428

judges, 98–99

see also law

justice [δικαιοσύνη]

and another’s good, 93

characteristics of, 481

= complete virtue, 93–94, 95, 113, 416

defined, 91

distributive, 95–96, 110–111

and equality, 96–98, 98–100, 416–417

and fairness, 92, 95

and families, 105, 115, 315–316, 419, 423–424

and friendship, 17–18, 160, 180, 182–183, 303–304, 313, 315–316, 467–468

homonymy of, 92, 419

and just actions, 106, 242

kinds of, 17–18

and law, 92–93, 104, 113–114

legal, 111, 112–113, 322, 416

and the mean, 96–98, 100, 103, 250, 416–417

natural, 105–106, 419–420

not easy, 111

political, 104–106, 419

problems of, 432–435

and proportion, 97, 417–418

and reciprocity, 100–103, 418

rectificatory, 96, 98–100

relational, 93–94, 416–417

and the voluntary, 106–108

knowledge [ἐπιστήμη]

defined, 91, 118

as a good thing, 449–450

and happiness, 458–459

and incontinence, 134–135, 136–139, 437, 439

objects of, 118–119, 426–427

particular vs universal, 137–138, 439–440

perceptual, 139

possessed vs used, 65, 137–138, 439

and proof, 119, 121

and teaching, 119

and virtue, 242–243, 429

and the voluntary, 65, 106–107, 109–110

and wisdom, 120, 125, 194–196, 427

see also proof

law [νόμος]

and equity, 112–113

and justice, 92–93, 104, 111, 112–113, 113–114, 322, 416

and virtue, 93, 95, 367–369

written vs unwritten, 368–369

legislation, 69, 184, 238, 254, 303–304, 316, 327, 370–371, 433

liberality [ἐλευθεριότης], 82–83, 247, 279–285, 411–412, 481–482

life

as an activity, 46, 225, 342, 354–355

defined, 341–342

a good thing?, 36–37, 331, 342–343

as needing an aim, 34

and pleasure, 355

lives, three kinds of, 7–8, 34, 35–36, 38, 219–220

loss: see profit

love, 325

and exertion, 336–337

and friendship, 18–19, 163, 167–168, 190

and inequality, 172–173

the lover’s complaint, 325–326

objects of, 162–163, 305, 461

and products, 179–180, 336

luck: see fortune

magnificence [μεγαλοπρέπεια], 87–88, 248, 285–288, 412–413

and liberality, 286

making: see producing

man

= intelligence, 331–332, 338, 361–362

as naturally good, 167

as origin of action, 57–58, 262, 263–264

= origin of action, 118

as a political animal, 182

task of, 130, 224–225

man and wife, 174–175, 182, 312, 318, 321, 419

mathematics, 124–125

mean [μεσότης]

determination of, 56, 116, 205–206, 252–253, 296, 458

as difficult to determine, 251–252, 396

doctrine of, 9–11, 51, 54–56, 116, 244–246, 393–395, 434–435

items without a mean, 246–247

see also excess

medicine 8–9, 44, 129, 205, 371, 439–440, 458

see also health

middle, etc: see mean

miserliness, 83, 284

misfortune, 107–108, 420

mistake, 107

modesty [αἰδώς], 88, 249, 301–302, 414

money, 101–103, 325, 418

‘moral’, 11–12

mothers and children, 161, 173–174, 176, 320

movement, 352–353

music, 80, 199, 242, 341, 351, 354, 370

natural science, 1–2, 124

nature, 63, 105–106, 128–129, 138, 156–157, 237–238, 341, 356–357, 419–420, 450

see also virtues

necessity, 58, 117–118, 260

need, 101–102

nobility [καλός], 33, 338–339, 457, 479

and goodness, 44, 203–204, 225

numbers, 43–44, 220

nutrition, 48, 130, 391

see also soul

obsequiousness [ἀρέσκεια], 88–89, 296–297, 413–414, 432

and friendship, 310–311

old men, and friendship, 306, 309–310

opinion: see belief

optimism, 272–273

origins

of actions, 57–58, 61–62, 69, 117–118, 120–121, 125, 131, 148–149, 201–202, 234, 254, 255–257, 261–262, 263–264, 398–399, 443, 453

of arguments, 57, 119, 121–122, 128, 201–202, 218–219, 226, 386, 398, 427

of deliberation, 69–70, 71, 201

of substances, 57, 119, 398

ostentation, 87

overconfidence [θρασύτης], 77–78, 240, 247, 269

pain [λύπη], as a bad thing, 156

see also pleasure

pardon: see sympathy

particulars, 128

partnership: see associations

passions [θυμός], 60, 66, 76–77, 272, 258, 400, 408

see also emotions

people’s perceptions [τὰ φαινόμενα], 34–35, 39–40, 72, 129, 133–134, 135, 161–162, 164, 226–227, 436–437

perception, of mathematical items, 125

see also sense-perception

perspicacity, 125–126

philosophy, 39, 243, 327

pleasure [ἡδονή]

and activities, 354–356

as an activity, 155, 352–353

appropriate vs alien, 355–357, 451

bodily, 140, 157–158, 359

and categories, 449

the chief good?, 153–154, 156, 234, 348, 352

and completeness, 352–253

degrees of, 349–350

does not move, 353

and education, 347

good or bad?, 153–157, 347–352, 355–356, 447–452

and goodness, 17, 205

and happiness, 156–157, 227–228

an impediment?, 155, 451

kinds of, 141, 146, 147, 157, 163, 274–275, 355, 356–357, 449

natural vs morbid, 142, 158, 175

and natures, 156–157, 356–357, 450

as necessary, 146, 157

not continuous, 354

not praiseworthy, 234

and pain, 348–349, 351, 448

a process?, 153–154, 350, 352–353, 447–448

and perception, 353–354

and replenishment, 154, 350–351, 449, 450–451

supervenient, 354

therapeutic, 154, 158

and thinking, 353–354

of touch and taste, 145–146, 275–277

tout court, 163, 166–167

and virtues, 49–50, 54, 240–241, 280, 393–394, 452

plotting, 144

politics, 37–38, 44–44, 153, 160, 229, 235, 361, 371, 428–429

deliberative vs judicial, 124

end of, 218, 229, 235

and ethics, 4, 216, 235, 381

and wisdom, 44–45, 120–121, 124–125

see also constitutions; justice; law

poverty, 78

power, in our, 58, 64, 107–108, 260, 263, 265, 404, 455

see also voluntary

praise, objects of, 47, 58, 233–234, 386–387

precision [ἀκρίβεια], 8–9, 58, 216, 226, 239, 328, 458

pride, 84–86, 248, 288–293, 412, 482

and fortune, 290–291

and honour, 289–290

principles: see origins

priority, 43, 220–221

process [γένεσις], 153–154, 350–351, 352–353, 447–448

prodigality [ἀσωτία], 83, 247, 279, 282–283, 411

producing, vs acting, 3–4, 119–120, 180, 215, 426, 469

profit [κέρδος], 94, 98–99

proof, 119, 120, 121–122, 128

proportion, 97–98, 98–100, 101, 417–418

proverbs, 93, 136, 161, 170, 176–177, 180, 183, 184, 190–191, 303, 304, 307, 309, 315, 320, 337, 345, 346, 460, 468, 472

punishment, 98–99, 113–114, 241, 264, 367

rage [θυμός], 76, 82, 108, 143–144

and incontinence, 143–145

and pain, 145

and reason, 144

rashness: see overconfidence

rationality, kinds of, 14–15, 48–49, 117, 236–237

reasoning

correct, 56, 116, 132, 149, 425, 429, 458

inefficacy of, 35, 347, 366–367

see also deduction

reciprocity

and justice, 100–103, 418

of moral virtues, 132, 434

regret [μεταμέλεια], 146, 148

responsibility, 58

see also causes

rulers, 104, 183, 313, 319, 433

science [ἐπιστήμη]

as an activity, 458–459

and contraries, 91

and deliberation, 260–261, 404–405

and the good, 42–43, 215, 221, 223, 383, 405

sciences, kinds of, 3–4, 38–39, 469

self-deprecation [εἰρωνεία], 89, 249, 292, 298–299, 415

self-indulgence [ἀκολασία], 79–80, 81, 94, 141, 146, 240, 247, 277–279, 410, 482–483

and incontinence, 443–444, 445

off-centre forms of, 278–279

and prodigality, 283

self-knowledge, 189–191

self-love, a term of reproach?, 337–338

see also friendship

self-perception, 189–191

self-sufficiency [αὐτάρκεια], 104, 224, 364, 471–472

sense [γνώμη], 128, 431

sense-perception [αἴσθησις], 125, 238, 342, 404–405, 425

and action, 117

and knowledge, 139

and pleasure, 353–354

servility, 82

sex, 37, 80, 143, 153, 276

shabbiness [μικροπρέπεια], 87, 248, 288, 412

shame, 302

shamelessness [ἀναισχυντία], 88, 249, 302, 414

sight, 70, 163, 194, 198, 222, 346, 352, 354, 389, 404, 425, 451, 473

slander, 308–309

slaves, 318

and friendship, 174–175, 182, 319

sleep, 37, 47, 236

smells, 80–81, 275, 448

softness [μαλακία], 140, 146–147, 442–443

sophistry, 53, 136, 177, 370

soul [ψυχή]

parts of, 48–49, 50, 53–54, 63, 115, 116–117, 121, 130, 175–176, 177, 235–237, 381–382, 391–392, 423, 425–426, 458, 479

and happiness, 35, 225, 390

task of, 45–46, 53–54, 390

and virtue, 48, 235, 390

spite [ἐπιχαιρεκακία], 88, 249–250, 413

State [πόλις], 101, 114, 124, 216, 238, 316–317, 338, 343

and education, 216

and friendship, 183, 309

see also law

states

vs activities, 46, 154, 156, 227, 239, 244, 309, 406, 459

vs capacities, 50

strong-mindedness, 149–150

suicide, 114, 193

syllogism: see deduction

sympathy [συγγνώμη], 64, 108, 128, 144, 255

tact, 300–301

tasks [ἔργον], 130, 167–168, 224–225, 244, 356

and ends, 45–47

kinds of, 46

taste

pleasures of, 145–146, 410

and temperance, 80–81

tastelessness [ἀπειροκαλία], 87, 248

teaching, 45, 119

temperance [σωφροσύνη], 80–82, 121, 240, 247, 274–279, 409–410, 481

vs continence, 135, 143, 150–151, 438, 444–445

and pleasure, 80, 155–156, 274–275, 410

thought, 61, 65, 117–119, 342, 402, 403, 404–405, 425–426

touch

pleasures of, 145–146, 410

and temperance, 80–81

truth 118, 298, 426

vs illumination, 41, 49, 116, 205, 392, 399, 401

practical, 118

see also candour

understanding [σοφία]

and crafts, 122

and happiness, 130

kinds of, 123

= knowledge + intelligence, 122–123, 427

and politics, 123, 428–429

value of, 129–130

and wisdom, 122–123, 129–130, 132, 427–428, 430–431

universals, and knowledge, 137–138

use, 83, 194, 227, 387, 390, 420

vanity [χαυνότης], 85–86, 248, 292–293, 412

vices [κακία]

acquisition of, 264

bodily, 265

defined, 70, 250

and ends, 72

kinds of, 94

listed, 51–53, 247–250, 479–480

and origins of action, 148

and pleasure, 70

voluntary, 72, 263–265, 278, 396–397

see also contraries; virtues

villainy [πανουργία], 130–131

virtues [ἀρετή]

characteristics of, 484

vs crafts, 242–243

defined, 45, 390, 429

highest, 360

and honour, 219–220

human, 235

and knowledge, 38–39, 131–132, 194–195, 381–382, 386, 408, 429

lasting, 231

moral

acquisition of, 148–149, 237–238, 264, 366–367, 393

bad use of?, 194–196, 452–453

and choice, 78, 246

conflicts among?, 434

vs continence, 71, 302

and crafts, 238–239, 242–243

defined, 49–50, 54, 244, 246

degrees of, 399

as determining ends, 71–72, 405

excesses of?, 434–435

and habit, 148

vs intellectual, 7, 48–49, 53–54, 116–117, 237, 392

and knowledge, 242–243, 429

and law, 93, 95, 367–369

listed, 51–53, 247–250, 479–480

and the noble, 78, 269, 274, 279, 280–281, 286–287, 297, 406, 409, 410, 429

not capacities, 244, 394

not emotions, 243–244, 394

and origins of action, 148

and pleasure/pain, 49–50, 54, 240–241, 280, 393–394, 452

and pride, 85

reciprocate, 132, 434

states, 46, 244

vs virtuous acts, 130, 242–243

voluntary, 72, 263–266, 396–397, 399

and wisdom, 15–16, 132, 246, 362, 434

see also mean

natural, 90, 131, 148–149, 167, 265–266, 366–367, 393, 429–434

not praiseworthy, 386–387

opinions about, 381–382

as praiseworthy, 47, 233, 392

and the soul, 48–49, 235, 390

superhuman, 133, 436

and tasks, 45–47

valuable, 386–387

see also contraries

voluntary [ἑκούσιος], 58–65, 254–258, 399–402

and appetite, 59–60, 257–258, 399–400

and choice, 60–61, 65, 68–69, 107, 258, 259–260, 403–404

and compulsion, 61, 64

defined, 65, 106–107, 109, 113–114, 257–258, 399

and desire, 58–60, 399–401

and emotions, 257–258, 400

and force, 61–62

and justice, 96, 100, 106–108, 184, 420–421

and knowledge, 65, 106–107, 109–110

and ‘mixed’ actions, 254–255

and passion, 60, 400

and thought, 61, 65, 402

and will, 60, 400–401

see also power

vulgarity, 89, 248, 285, 287

war, 360–361

weakness, 147–148, 444

see also incontinence

wealth, 82–83, 220, 279–280, 410

will [βούλησις], 60, 258–259, 400–401

and choice, 66, 258–259, 402

and ends, 263

objects of, 70, 262–263

and the voluntary, 60, 400–401

wisdom [φρόνησις]

= the chief good?, 388

and cleverness, 131, 428

not a craft, 121

defined, 120, 426–427

and deliberation, 120–121, 123–124, 127, 431–432

and the good, 262–263

and incontinence, 134, 135, 151, 445–446

and injustice, 432–433

and judgement, 127, 428

and justice, 432

kinds of, 124

and knowledge, 120, 125, 194–196, 427

and moral virtue, 15–16, 132, 246, 362, 434

objects of, 120, 123–124

and particulars, 128

and pleasure, 155

and politics, 44–45, 120–121, 124–125

practical, 430

and temperance, 121

and understanding, 122–123, 129–130, 132, 427–428, 430–431

value of, 129–131

a virtue, 121, 195–196, 426–427, 429–430, 480

wittiness: see conviviality

women, 166, 318, 444

work: see tasks

worth [ἀξία], 85–86, 285–286, 288–290, 292–293, 323–324

and justice, 96–97

young men

and emotion, 301–302

and ethics, 217

and friendship, 306–307

and knowledge, 124–125

and modesty, 301–302