1 Airborne Corps, 103
1 Airborne Division, 248, 320, 407n36, 407n38
Market Garden and, 249–250, 251, 253–254, 255, 256
First Allied Airborne Army, 222, 227, 232, 250, 289, 320, 403n4, 420n48, 421n61
I Armored Corps, Patton and, 41
First Army, 32, 37, 38, 40, 41, 53, 78, 132, 133, 134, 166, 178, 181, 184, 185, 202, 206–207, 209, 211, 228, 232, 238, 257, 262, 266, 271, 276, 305, 333, 340, 352, 379n2, 389n25, 390n30
VIII Corps and, 207
21 Army Group and, 311
advance of, 115–116, 150, 161, 164, 165, 183, 229, 332
ammunition for, 412n25
Argentan and, 204
Bonn and, 341
Coblenz and, 341
Cobra and, 85, 121, 123, 124, 127, 128, 146, 156
communication with, 235
fuel for, 259, 263, 293, 418n35
intelligence and, 177
leadership of, 193–196, 326–332
Lille-Brussels road and, 259
Mayenne and, 207
Mortain and, 161
operational grouping of, 122
Osnabrück and, 344
Overlord and, 70
priority for, 309
reinforcements for, 313
Rhine and, 247, 346, 347, 352, 359
Saar and, 226
Second Army and, 186
span of command of, 388–389n18
supplying, 228, 229, 230, 259, 286, 289, 290, 291, 294–295, 312, 412n21
Trun-Chambois and, 195
Venlo-Wesel axis and, 347
West Wall and, 352
First Army, 167, 180, 237, 405n22
Lorraine and, 264
resistance by, 183
I British Corps, 168, 190, 191, 192, 397n17
Falaise and, 170
First Canadian Army, 39, 66, 78, 112, 157, 159, 164, 174, 184, 192, 203, 204, 246, 247, 280, 344, 346, 370n16, 377n72, 387n8, 399n35
Second Army and, 321
Antwerp and, 257
Bluecoat and, 135
Dieppe and, 244
Le Havre and, 244
maintenance for, 245
Operation Totalize and, 160–161
secondary tasks for, 313
Trun-Chambois and, 195
I Canadian Corps, 39, 65, 413n3, 415n15
Dieppe and, 247
Le Havre and, 245
I Corps, 191, 203, 204, 247, 257
Seine and, 175
support for Second Army, 269
trucks of, 288
First French Army, 105, 421n63
Alsace/Lorraine and, 314
1 Infantry Division, 122, 128, 130, 148, 150, 165, 263, 374n54, 389n23, 393n50
Aachen and, 262
advance of, 166
supplying, 286
First Panzer Army, 405n20
First Parachute Army, 238, 241, 254, 347
1 Parachute Brigade, Arnhem and, 253
1 Polish Armored Division, 175, 377n72
I SS Panzer Corps, 145, 173, 180, 191, 192, 207
Falaise and, 169
I SS Panzer Division, 170, 395n2
Falaise and, 176
redeployment of, 189
First US Army Group (FUSAG), 72, 108, 109, 111, 112, 389n21
2 Armored Division, 41, 120, 122, 124, 149, 160, 389n25
Second Army, 159, 164, 165, 178, 187, 202, 207, 238–239, 269, 288, 322, 326, 327, 340, 379n2, 391n37, 399n35, 416n22
First Army and, 186
First Canadian Army and, 321
administrative position of, 296
advance of, 161, 228, 244, 245, 345
Albert Canal and, 239
Antwerp and, 339
Arnhem and, 248
Bluecoat and, 112, 135, 137–139, 140, 152, 156, 167, 194
combat power of, 346
communications and, 347
Falaise and, 168, 172, 174, 175
Goodwood and, 112
Krefeld and, 348
Market Garden and, 248
Nijmegen and, 235
operational art of, 184, 185, 247
as operational backwater, 204
Osnabrück and, 344
Panzer Group West and, 72
Rhine and, 346
Seine and, 241
support for, 95, 248, 257, 297, 313, 323
West Wall and, 230
Second British Army, 32, 132, 134, 317, 368n7
Arnhem and, 318
Cobra and, 118
detaches division to Canadian Army, 204
divisions of, 311
Elbeuf and, 195
leadership of, 184–187, 316–321
Overlord and, 70
2 Canadian Armored Brigade, 170, 174
II Canadian Corps, 66, 168–169, 189, 190, 192, 244, 321, 323
Antwerp and, 324
Falaise pocket and, 166
Leopold Canal and, 247
logistic support for, 245
Normandy and, 187
2 Canadian Infantry Division, 172, 174, 191, 323
Dieppe and, 245
Dunkirk and, 247
replacements for, 321
2 French Armored Division, 160, 164, 166, 182, 229, 395n2, 395n5
2 Infantry Division, 39, 65, 374n54
II Parachute Corps, 120, 127, 389n25
Cobra and, 128
withdrawal of, 154
2 Parachute Division, 401n50
II SS Panzer Corps, 92, 109, 112, 143, 151, 156, 173, 177, 180, 217, 345, 392n38, 395n2
Cobra and, 185
Market Garden and, 250
2 SS Panzer Division, 94, 119, 120, 127, 129, 130, 176, 385n64, 388n12, 390n33, 392n41, 395n2
Bluecoat and, 137
Falaise and, 176
redeploying, 148
2 Tactical Air Force, 90, 94, 96, 160, 174, 252, 399n35, 418n31
3 Armored Division, 120, 122, 123, 124, 150, 160, 165, 395n2
Bluecoat and, 153
Marigny and, 148
Stolberg corridor and, 262
tanks of, 291
Third Army, 38, 46, 95, 112, 118, 120, 121, 133, 160, 166, 167, 178, 181, 207, 209, 210, 226, 228, 232, 237, 238, 258, 260, 262, 263, 264, 327, 328, 329, 390n30, 401n44, 401n47
activation of, 388n18
advance of, 147, 161, 164, 198, 211, 229, 309, 313, 339
ammunition for, 268
Beauvais and, 210
Brittany and, 72, 134, 158, 206
casualties in, 198
Cotentin Peninsula and, 200
counterattacking, 266
defense by, 294
Frankfurt and, 309
halting of, 227, 313, 314, 333, 334
Karlsruhe and, 341
leadership of, 196–200, 332–337
logistic support for, 234, 265
Mainz and, 341
Meuse and, 294
Moselle and, 363
Normandy and, 123
ORBAT and, 389n18
performance of, 336
resistance movements and, 103, 104
supplying, 229, 235, 270, 286, 287, 289, 291, 312, 343, 395n4, 412n21, 412n27
suspension of offensive, 313
Verdun-Metz axis and, 327
West Wall and, 352
3 Canadian Infantry Division, 176, 191, 247
Falaise and, 170
Laison and, 174
III Corps, 314
3 Infantry Division, 142, 143, 144, 155, 157
3 Panzer Grenadier Division, Lorraine and, 238
3 Parachute Division, 92, 119, 143, 144, 145
Bluecoat and, 156
4 Armored Brigade, 144, 153, 155, 397n18
4 Armored Division, 175, 190, 208, 408n46
Brittany and, 197
Cobra and, 130
exploitation by, 46
Nancy and, 266
replacing, 165
West Wall and, 266
4 Canadian Armored Division, Falaise and, 170, 173, 174, 175
4 Cavalry Group, 329
4 Independent Armored Brigade, 143
4 Infantry Division, 122, 160, 165, 182, 194
Cobra and, 128
5 Armored Division, 133, 164, 199
disembarkation of, 73
V Corps, 122, 165, 181, 195, 208, 257, 260, 270, 327, 330, 374n54
Argentan and, 166
Meuse and, 331
Roer and, 271
Vire and, 194
5 Infantry Division, 265, 415n15
Fifth Panzer Army, 113, 114, 160, 187, 237, 240, 266, 334, 335, 400n40, 405n20, 418n34
attack by, 210
Bluecoat and, 145
disaster for, 178, 182–184, 204, 209, 239, 322, 337
encirclement of, 161
logistic situation of, 93
Lorraine and, 238
strength of, 180
6 Armored Division, 132, 165, 208, 229, 266, 334, 418n37
advance of, 267
Brittany and, 199
Cobra and, 130
Metz and, 313
as reserve, 335
transfer of, 339
6 Army Group, 270, 281, 353–354, 367n4, 403n8, 409n51, 416n19, 422n63
officers in, 372n37
Rhine and, 226
SHAEF and, 353
6 Cavalry Group, 326, 371n27, 390n32
VI Corps, Rome and, 402n54
6 Guards Tank Brigade, 138, 153
Sixth Panzer Army, 271, 272, 330, 331, 342
7 Armored Division, 164, 175, 244, 266, 269, 318, 339, 416n17
Bluecoat and, 138, 140, 142, 152
reinforcement by, 168
removal of, 265
West Wall and, 334
withdrawal of, 168
Seventh Army, 41, 126, 237, 334, 416n17, 422n63
XV Corps and, 353
Alsace/Lorraine and, 314
Besançon and, 236
Dijon and, 303
Rhône valley and, 266
Seventh Army, 123, 132, 147, 187, 193, 259, 382n33, 388n13, 392n38, 392n40, 392n42
ammunition shortage of, 85
annihilation of, 114, 178, 182–184, 209, 238, 337
Bluecoat and, 145
Cherbourg and, 72
combat formations of, 119, 120–121
countermoves by, 148
deterioration of, 94, 112, 114, 130, 145, 239
disaster for, 322
Falaise and, 176
Mons pocket and, 326
Normandy and, 112
ORBAT of, 121
Panzer Group West and, 143, 144
transport for, 84
withdrawal of, 113, 151, 184, 245, 317
VII Corps, 98, 130, 133, 134, 157, 158, 160, 165, 181, 195, 199, 326, 327, 329, 384n57, 387n8
XV Corps and, 166
LVII Panzer Corps and, 194
advance of, 208
Cobra and, 122, 124, 127, 128, 146
Coutances and, 148
Hürtgen Forest and, 271
Liège and, 263
Mortain and, 161
strength of, 126
supplies for, 262
support for, 194
West Wall and, 328
Eighth Air Force, 90, 98, 133, 188, 319
close air support and, 97
Cobra and, 123
8 Armored Brigade, Bluecoat and, 138, 140
Eighth Army, 36, 58, 59, 401n51
VIII British Corps, 143, 156, 184, 234, 248, 270, 288, 394n60, 399n33, 407n31
Bluecoat and, 138, 139, 140, 142, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155
casualties in, 144
Maas and, 269
Market Garden and, 249
support by, 295
Vire and, 205
VIII US Corps, 122, 127, 130, 132, 133, 149, 165, 199, 257, 258, 267, 288, 332, 404n9, 407n31, 408n46
First Army and, 207
Ardennes and, 270
Brest and, 351
Brittany and, 226
failure of, 147
Sélune and, 158
supplying, 338
Ninth Air Force, 9, 90, 99, 133, 268, 384n51, 403n35
casualties for, 338
supplying, 412n24
support for, 278
Ninth Army, 258, 270, 404n9, 408n46, 416n17, 416n19
area of, 409n52
redeployment of, 234
truck companies of, 288
9 Infantry Division, 124, 165, 194
Cobra and, 148
Marigny and, 389n23
Stolberg corridor and, 262
9 SS Panzer Division, 126, 144, 154–155, 217, 392n38, 392n40, 394n60, 395n2
Aachen and, 238
Arnhem and, 239
Le Bény-Bocage ridge and, 143
refitting for, 405n23
IX Tactical Air Command, 95, 96, 97, 98, 123, 130, 160, 199, 384n51
IX Troop Carrier Command, 289
10 SS Panzer Division, 143, 144, 217, 392n38, 394n60, 395n2, 405n23
Arnhem and, 239
Falaise and, 176
Market Garden and, 251
11 Armored Division, 104, 138, 144, 317–318, 320
advance of, 394n58
Antwerp and, 245
Bluecoat and, 139, 142, 156–157, 417n22
casualties in, 143
Caumont and, 143
Orne and, 185
reinforcements for, 318
rest/maintenance for, 168
12 Army Group, 37, 38, 41, 157, 232, 257–260, 262–268, 270, 276, 294, 298, 303, 345, 386n72, 391n37, 403n8, 412n25
advance of, 180
Ardennes and, 226
Cobra/Falaise pocket and, 158–161, 164–167
command of, 336
divisions of, 403n5
establishment of, 34, 132, 200
fuel from, 263
leadership of, 206–211, 337–342
moving, 347
operations of, 261 (map)
role of, 233
Ruhr and, 226
Saar and, 340
supplying, 224, 228, 279, 288, 289, 291, 293, 310
XII British Corps, 132, 175, 185, 191, 244, 248, 318, 323, 324
attack on, 394n63
Falaise and, 156, 167, 170, 174
Orne and, 138
support for, 204
12 SS Panzer Division, 144, 145, 169–170, 172
casualties for, 187
counterattack by, 173
XII US Corps, 178, 209, 258, 267, 332, 401n48, 408n46
Commercy and, 263
Darmstadt and, 266
logistic support for, 407n31
Orléans and, 167
POL for, 265
Seine and, 208
supplying, 294
Troyes and, 263
12 Volksgrenadier Division, 238, 240, 262, 327
XIII Corps, 39
XIV Panzer Corp, 398n28, 419n40
Fifteenth Air Force, 90, 383n36
Fifteenth Army, 71, 120, 159, 172, 193, 237, 280, 322, 392n40, 400n41
Albert Canal and, 239
attack on, 240
combat power of, 244
destruction of, 360
divisions from, 126
Fortress Southern Holland and, 248
invasion and, 72
reinforcements from, 182
resistance by, 183
strength of, 180
withdrawal of, 244, 245, 317, 318, 324, 344, 345
15 Army Group, 401n51
XV Corps, 132, 133, 167, 176, 178, 180, 181, 194, 195, 209, 258, 264, 267, 270, 334, 335, 401n52, 408n45
VII Corps and, 166
advance of, 150, 161, 164, 165, 186, 197, 199, 395n2
Dreux and, 166
encirclement and, 164
halting of, 199
Mannheim and, 266
Moselle and, 334
Seine and, 208
subordination of, 332
support by, 266
15 Infantry Division, 145
Bluecoat and, 138, 139, 140, 142, 152, 155
withdrawal of, 168
15 Panzer Grenadier Division, 238, 267
17 SS Panzer Grenadier Division, 94, 119, 127, 238, 395n2
Nineteenth Army, 237, 238, 239, 353, 405n20, 409n51
XIX Corps, 122, 130, 165, 195, 209, 246, 257, 260, 262, 269, 271, 327, 328, 331, 339
Albert Canal and, 259
Cobra and, 128
Dreux and, 178
reinforcements from, 229
Vire and, 194
XIX Tactical Air Command (TAC), 104, 390n30, 401n45, 418–419n37
XX Corps, 132, 159, 160, 164, 166, 178, 209, 258, 401n52
Falaise and, 180
Frankfurt and, 266
Meuse and, 263
POL for, 265
reinforcements for, 197
supplying, 294
21 Army Group, 58, 63, 94, 112, 132, 157, 164, 211, 227, 234, 269, 305, 309, 321, 326, 339, 340, 351, 372nn35–36, 398n23, 403n8
First Army and, 311
administrative appreciation of, 310
advance of, 178, 243–251, 253–257
Antwerp and, 317
attack by, 203
Bluecoat and, 135, 167–170, 172–176
Caen-Falaise axis and, 159–160
encirclement and, 161
Falaise pocket and, 167–170, 172–176
firepower issues and, 82
logistics and, 248
Market Garden and, 270
Pas de Calais and, 244
replacements for, 377n71
shortages for, 274
strength of, 203
supplying, 224, 266, 281, 288, 289, 297
21 Panzer Division, 154, 240, 392n38, 394n60
Bluecoat and, 137, 140, 142, 153
counterattack by, 153
reinforcing, 143
23 Special Troops, Metz and, 313
29 Guards Armored Brigade, Bluecoat and, 168
29 Infantry Division, 374n54, 390n27
XXX Corps, 144, 156, 195, 244, 245, 256, 344, 345, 370n16, 393n56, 394n60
Antwerp and, 317
Beeringen and, 263
Bluecoat and, 138, 139, 140, 151, 152, 393n55
Caen and, 143
casualties in, 407n38
Market Garden and, 248–249, 250, 254
performance of, 184
Scheldt estuary and, 248
30 Infantry Division, 124, 128, 160
31 Tank Brigade, 156
33 Armored Brigade, 170, 191, 397n17
34 Tank Brigade, 156
35 Infantry Division, 160, 164, 208, 395n5
38 Group (RAF), 289
43 Infantry Division, 143
Arnhem and, 246
Bluecoat and, 138, 139, 140, 152
Grave bridge and, 255
Market Garden and, 256
46 Group (RAF), 289
XLVII Panzer Corps, 96, 130, 134, 144, 159, 193, 240, 395n2
Bluecoat and, 146
Cobra and, 127
sorties against, 160
withdrawal of, 195
49 Division, 420n48
50 Infantry Division, 318, 415n15
51 Highland Division, 170, 190, 191, 397n17
52 British Division, 257
55 Division, 415n15
56 Infantry Brigade, Bluecoat and, 138
LVII Panzer Corps, 194, 240, 395n2
LVIII Panzer Corps, 240
59 Infantry Division, 168, 185, 255, 415n15
61 Division, 415n15
70 Infantry Division, Albert Canal and, 406n25
77 Infantry Division, 92, 401n50
79 Infantry Division, 158, 181, 206, 328
LXXX Corps, 167
80 Infantry Division, 164, 166, 199, 395n5, 396n9
82 Airborne Division, 379n5
casualties in, 407n38
Grave and, 248
Nijmegen and, 248
83 Group (RAF), 95, 251, 399, 399n35
83 Infantry Division, 266, 339, 418n37
LXXXIV Corps, 94, 120, 127, 130, 149, 389n25, 392n41, 393n51
Cobra and, 126
escape of, 129
85 Infantry Division, 172, 173
LXXXVI Corps, 180, 190, 191, 192, 204, 400n38
89 Infantry Division, 169, 172, 173, 188
90 Infantry Division, 166, 176, 396n9
91 Airlanding Division, 401n50
101 Airborne Division, 248, 407n38
101 SS Heavy Panzer Battalion, tanks of, 381n17
102 SS Heavy Tank Battalion, 143, 173
104 Infantry Division, 257, 339, 416n17
116 Panzer Division, 120, 127, 130, 164, 392n41, 395n2, 397n21
Bluecoat and, 137
176 Infantry Division, Albert Canal and, 406n25
185 Infantry Brigade, 157
265 Infantry Division, 401n50
266 Infantry Division, 401n50
271 Infantry Division, 175
272 Infantry Division, 400n38
276 Infantry Division, Bluecoat and, 137, 140
326 Infantry Division, 153, 156, 394n60
Bluecoat and, 140
reinforcing, 143
343 Infantry Division, 401n50
346 Infantry Division, 400n38
352 Infantry Division, 374n54
353 Infantry Division, 127
462 Infantry Division, 265, 406n25
708 Infantry Division, 134
711 Infantry Division, 400n38
Aachen, 220, 226, 240, 265, 292, 311, 313, 326, 346, 347, 411n17, 418n34, 420n49
advance on, 238, 260, 262, 270, 306, 328, 329
bombardment of, 407n33
Aa River, 248
Adair, Sir Alan, 320
Advanced Section (COMZ), 276, 285, 414n10
AEAF. See Allied Expeditionary Air Forces
AFVs, 76, 78, 79, 94, 96, 130, 381n14, 395n2, 397n21, 398n24
Allied, 77
German, 77
losses of, 98
AGF. See Army Ground Forces
AGRAs. See Army Groups, Royal Artillery
Aircraft industry, offensive against, 87–88
Aircrews, 100
Air Defense (Great Britain), 251, 383n36
Air interdiction, 71, 90–94, 114, 120, 390n31, 405n21, 412n20
impact of, 92, 94, 95, 98, 100
limits of, 101
Airpower, 13, 91, 136, 146, 384n54, 386n70
control of, 21
Air preparation for ground attack, 99
Air superiority, 19, 48, 68, 79, 95, 351
Air support, 62, 64, 134, 139, 346, 403n2
tactical, 148
Air supremacy, 95, 109, 156, 351, 374n53, 412n20
Albert Canal, 220, 238, 239, 246, 259, 262, 332, 406n25, 417n24
bridgehead over, 244
Alençon, 157, 159, 161, 164, 165, 176, 284, 285
Alexander, General, 301, 401n51
Allied Airborne Army, 250
Allied Expeditionary Air Forces (AEAF), 90, 91, 108, 178, 182, 219
Allied Expeditionary Force (AEF), 68, 101, 114, 187, 219, 220, 224, 228
Allied Naval Expeditionary Forces (ANEF), 219
Allied Rapid Reaction Corps (NATO), 1
Alsace, 220, 226, 313, 352, 354, 412n27, 421n63
defending, 238
Ammunition, 272, 297, 307, 342, 412n25
shortages of, 9, 33, 85, 94, 149, 273, 274, 276, 290, 388n17, 398n22
supply of, 52, 81, 93, 268, 277, 290, 292, 294
Amsterdam, 220
Antiaircraft guns, 79, 172–173, 388n17
antitank role for, 78
Antitank battalions, 49, 77, 137, 381n14
Antitank guns, 63, 78, 140, 183, 189, 381n19, 403n3, 405n23
Antwerp, 226, 230, 238, 244, 280, 298, 309, 323, 346, 361, 362, 364
advance on, 228, 259, 311, 318, 324
capture of, 224, 226, 227, 232, 234, 245, 247, 310, 312, 317, 320, 322, 343, 344, 350
clearing of approaches, 229, 313–314, 322, 346, 417n27
importance of, 108, 235, 239, 257, 269, 272, 409n50, 415n14, 420n50, 421n55
opening of, 41, 269, 282, 292, 310, 322, 324, 339, 343, 347, 348, 351, 360
pipelines from, 284
port of, 220, 222, 229, 246, 247, 257, 312
supply through, 224, 281, 292, 293, 296
APCs. See Armored personnel carriers
Arado 23, photoreconnaissance by, 110
Ardennes, 102, 224, 226, 227, 230, 257, 259, 270, 271, 294, 308, 311, 312, 313, 327, 329, 331, 338, 361
counteroffensive through, 272, 422n64
described, 222
Argentan, 70, 165, 166, 176, 195, 197, 207, 208, 209, 283, 397n21
advance on, 164, 168, 199, 203
Armored divisions, 45, 46, 49, 53, 147, 149, 170
Armored personnel carriers (APCs), 169, 174, 187, 191, 399n33
Army Ground Forces (AGF), 44, 82, 389n21
Army Group B, 84, 93, 109, 111, 113, 116, 130, 173, 176, 187, 198, 238, 240
Bluecoat and, 145
combat effectiveness and, 237
Normandy and, 217
Oosterbeek and, 239
reinforcements and, 121
report of, 112
Rhine and, 359
subordinate commanders and, 300
withdrawal of, 177
Army Group G, 104, 237, 372n32, 405n20, 409n51
Army Group of the Centre, 227, 229
Army Group of the North, 227, 229
Army Group of the South, 227
Army Groups, Royal Artillery (AGRAs), 63, 65, 66, 73, 79, 138, 170, 173, 188
Army of the West, 111
cohesion of, 217
combat effectiveness of, 237
Army Y, 177
Arnhem, 239, 247, 248, 263, 318, 319, 328, 346, 351, 405n23, 405n25, 407n34
bridge at, 246, 251, 253, 254, 255, 347
crossing Rhine at, 230, 297, 313
failure at, 256–257, 348, 421n54
reinforcing, 345
Arnold, Henry H., Market Garden and, 250, 421n61
antiaircraft, 79, 81, 172–173, 388n17
support, 49
Atlantic Wall, 220, 238, 264, 403n3
Auftragstaktik, 52, 375n63, 376n65, 394n62
Avranches, 110, 119, 134, 150, 159, 160, 178, 193, 395n5
counteroffensive toward, 177, 202
need for, 20
psychological/physical, 52
recovering, 360
BARs. See Browning automatic rifles
Base Section (COMZ), 276, 414nn9–10
Battle of Britain, air superiority and, 87
Bayerlein, Lieutenant General, 98
Bayeux, supply through, 289
Beauvais, 180, 199, 209, 210, 211, 283
BEF. See British Expeditionary Force
Befehlstaktik, 375n63, 376n65, 394n62
advance on, 233, 234, 308, 337
BG Krause, 189
BG Olboeter, 144, 173, 174, 189
Bismarck, Otto von, 215
Blaskowitz, Colonel General, 104
Bocage, 118, 119, 124, 127, 134, 136, 142, 150, 152, 164, 216
close air support in, 96
fighting through, 50, 53, 60, 61, 273
Boer War, 74
Bomber Command, 90, 188, 418n31
close air support and, 97
bridgehead at, 340
Boulogne, 239, 245, 281, 297, 312, 417–418nn28–29
bombardment of, 407n33, 418n31
capture of, 247, 269, 322, 323–324
PLUTO and, 284
supply through, 310, 313, 323, 343
Bradley, Omar N., 175, 180, 192, 195, 196–197, 216, 227, 244, 257, 270, 272, 289, 326, 329, 334, 335, 364, 372n37, 387nn6–7, 388n16, 389n18, 391n37, 392n41, 392nn43–44
Third Army and, 198
XV Corps and, 199, 207, 401n52
Bonn and, 234
close air support and, 94
Cobra and, 112, 116, 120, 121–122, 123, 124, 128, 146, 147, 150, 206, 363
Collins and, 389n19
Cologne and, 234
command issues and, 38, 184, 299, 301, 306
COMZ and, 276
Corlett and, 390n26
Eisenhower and, 38, 161, 200, 202, 214, 215, 228, 235, 301, 336, 337, 341, 343, 347, 359
Falaise and, 165
frontal attacks and, 198
fuel and, 293
Gerow and, 166
Hodges and, 39, 40, 116, 132, 328, 339
intelligence and, 107
Leavenworth and, 341
logistics and, 296
Market Garden and, 351
Metz-Saar-Frankfurt axis and, 264, 309
Montgomery and, 37, 38, 150, 161, 178, 201, 202, 204, 205, 206, 209, 211, 226, 232, 305, 311, 339, 340–341, 343, 344, 348, 356, 401n51, 401n53, 419n45
Mortain and, 199
operational art/generalship of, 8, 206–211, 337–342
Paris-Orléans gap and, 167
Patton and, 41, 158–159, 196, 197, 199, 208, 229, 232, 263, 266, 295, 311, 314, 333, 338–339, 341, 357, 390n32, 400n42, 401n45, 418n37
Rhine and, 342
security and, 133
southern axis and, 309
supplies for, 342
tactical solutions and, 217
Verdun and, 419n46
views of, 1
working relations with, 95
Breda, advance on, 247
Brereton, Lewis H., 250, 289, 319, 403n4, 403n35
Breskens pocket, 239, 247, 312, 325, 326, 348
Brest, 50, 132, 208, 224, 229, 232, 267, 270, 341
battle for, 165, 268, 295, 407n33, 416n16
capture of, 114, 234, 279, 338
port of, 258
reduction of, 312, 342, 350, 404n9
supply through, 278, 279, 281, 338
Breton ports, 213, 242, 279, 281, 309, 339, 350
supply through, 278
urgent need for, 349
British Army, 1, 17, 370n16, 372n39, 377n73
approach to war of, 54–64, 369n7
command and control and, 61
deep operations and, 315
British Directorate-General Doctrine and
Development, 377n76
British Expeditionary Force (BEF), 57, 59
British Joint Intelligence Committee, 236
Brittany, 70, 72, 92, 103, 115, 118, 120, 123, 128, 130, 132, 134, 197, 201, 207, 209, 210, 213, 229, 240, 242, 258, 266, 267, 268, 275, 290, 312, 332, 335
breakout into, 147, 150, 199, 206
retreat from, 401n50
sieges in, 360
Brittany ports, 121, 201, 203, 242, 268, 350, 403n5, 415–416n16
capture of, 146
Brooke, Sir Alan, 36, 57, 62, 212, 213, 214, 216, 235, 302, 322, 358, 364, 378n80, 391n37
Montgomery and, 355, 371n28, 420n50
Brooks, Edward H., 128, 129, 149
Browning, Frederick “Boy,” 250, 254, 255, 407n35
Browning automatic rifles (BARs), 75, 81, 380n13
Bruges-Ghent Canal, 245
Brussels, 244, 246, 257, 283, 303, 416n22
advance on, 259
Bucknall, C. Gerald, 138, 152, 256, 370n16
C-47 (air transport), 289
Caen, 5, 42, 127, 130, 136, 138, 139, 143, 145, 151, 155, 156, 159, 202, 207
capture of, 39, 71, 72, 115, 134
defense of, 135
Caen-Falaise axis, 70, 109, 112, 113, 157, 161, 168, 174
Calais, 239, 244, 245, 324, 417–418nn28–29
bombardment of, 407n33, 418n31
opening of, 323
supply through, 281, 310, 313, 343
Camberley Staff College, 307
Canadian Army Overseas (CAO), 65, 379n86
Canadian Expeditionary Force, 39
Canadian National Defense, 321
Cassino, close air support at, 97
Casualties, 24, 33, 47, 74, 118, 144, 149, 168, 361, 373n47, 377n71, 417n23
Allied, 54, 66, 76, 98, 183, 268, 274, 380n9
civilian, 383n41
German, 80, 82, 92, 183, 267, 368n4
intelligence about, 108
minimizing, 59, 66, 98, 275, 332
resistance movements and, 103
Caumont, 118, 121, 129, 135–136, 137, 139, 143, 159, 161, 387n6
CCA. See Combat Command A
CCB. See Combat Command B
CCS. See Combined Chiefs of Staff
Central Army Group, 294, 339, 403n8, 416n19
tasks for, 337
Channel ports, 203, 222, 226, 244, 247, 268, 280, 322, 323, 343, 346, 380n6, 417n27
capture of, 227, 293, 309, 310, 344
supply through, 296
Charteris, Brigadier, 105
Chartres, 159, 178, 181, 197, 201, 284, 285
capture of, 167
railheads at, 283
supply through, 286
Cherbourg, 38, 50, 70, 202, 206, 222, 223, 282, 284, 296, 338
advance on, 71
bombardment of, 419n39
capture of, 72, 115, 134, 215, 279, 280
supply through, 224, 279, 281, 283, 292, 338
Chief of Imperial General Staff (CIGS), 36, 39, 135, 177, 182, 214, 356, 413n6, 420n50
Chief of Staff of the Army, 34
Chief of the Air Staff, 99
Churchill, Winston S., 72, 212, 213, 415n15, 422n65
Churchill tanks, 77, 78, 79, 82
CIGS. See Chief of Imperial General Staff
Clark, Mark, 402n54
Clausewitz, Carl von, 18, 20, 52, 107, 114, 346, 369n7, 372n33
fog of war and, 15
generals and, 24
Close air support, 48, 50, 86, 128, 155, 157, 160, 189, 251, 272, 389n21
air supremacy and, 89
firepower and, 90
interdiction and, 244
reliance on, 123, 223, 251, 254, 267, 329, 385n61
Coasters, 273, 279, 280, 281, 283, 287
Coblenz, 257, 258, 260, 264, 327, 341
Collins, J. Lawton, 148, 195, 260, 262, 389n23, 390n27, 392n45
Bradley and, 389n19
Cobra and, 122, 124, 126, 128, 129, 147
encirclement and, 146
Falaise and, 166
Hürtgen Forest and, 330
Roer and, 271
Stolberg corridor and, 328
Cologne, 219, 220, 222, 257, 269, 270, 271, 295, 311, 318, 327, 328, 330, 341, 347
advance on, 234, 247, 313, 342, 419n44
bridgehead at, 340
Combat Command A (CCA), 45, 128, 129, 130, 150
Combat Command B (CCB), 45, 122, 129, 149, 160
Combined-arms approach, 14, 49, 54, 66
Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS), 35, 67, 68, 87, 219, 227, 229, 306, 322, 364, 385n61
responsibility of, 27
Command and control, 5, 8, 13, 14, 85–86, 341
British, 61
disruption of, 98
doctrine and, 378n81
Commanders
chiefs of staff and, 31
freedom of action for, 48
operational-level, 7, 12, 14, 15, 24, 50, 315, 316, 360, 369n14, 371n29
press and, 42
subordinate, 26, 27, 31, 32, 300, 376n64
trust between, 53
Communications, 18, 19, 20, 31, 68, 81, 88, 101, 102, 106, 107, 148, 285, 288, 311, 346
disrupting, 62, 98, 104, 338, 398n22
Communications zone (COMZ), 47, 84, 275, 284, 285, 298, 352, 411n10, 412n25
criticism of, 293
liaison by, 277
relieving, 353
sections of, 276
supplying by, 228, 229, 263, 286, 287, 291–292, 293, 295, 412n21, 418n35
War Department and, 303
Concentration, 18, 19, 48, 112, 116, 123, 156, 185, 196, 197, 270, 271, 307, 325–333, 341–342, 346, 351
Conceptual divide, 224, 226–230, 232–236
Coningham, Arthur, 94, 251, 399n35, 418n31
desert war and, 384n49
Connor, Fox, 114
Cooperation, 14, 20–21, 33, 54, 201, 214, 217, 305, 311, 340, 356, 359
tank-infantry, 49, 60, 64, 86, 142, 152, 154, 173, 190
Corlett, Charles H., 262, 263, 326, 331
Cobra and, 128
corps command for, 389n26
experience of, 390n26
Roer and, 271
Cotentin Peninsula, 115, 118, 120, 128, 200
Coutances, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127, 128, 146
encirclement at, 148
Crerar, H. D. G. (Harry), 161, 173, 174, 175, 178, 257, 323, 348, 370n16, 372n36, 397n16, 399n35, 417n27, 417n29
Boulogne and, 269
Bruges and, 244
career of, 39
Channel ports and, 247
creativity and, 184
Dempsey and, 204
divisions under command, 203–204
Falaise and, 168
Hodges and, 195
Le Havre and, 245
Montgomery and, 40, 191, 192, 205, 321–322, 324, 325, 343, 344, 357, 400n39
operational art/generalship of, 187–193
Operation Totalize and, 189
Simonds and, 189, 190, 191, 192
supply shortage for, 248
tactical solutions and, 217
working relations with L. O. Brown, 95
Culminating point, 5, 114, 155, 243, 256, 269, 328, 386, 409
D-Day, 39, 46, 53, 57, 83, 183, 319, 373n48, 379n5
objectives of, 71
Deception, 10, 12, 13, 18, 19, 68, 70–71, 336, 368, 416n18
Operation Fortitude, 89, 92, 100, 111, 145
resources for, 53
Soviet, 106
Decision making, 7, 17, 28, 186, 316, 349
operational-level, 9, 110, 360
tactical, 52
Deep battle, forward detachment and, 399n37
Deep Operations theory, 315, 368n5
Alsace and, 421n63
resistance movements and, 102
Roosevelt and, 402n59
de Guingand, Francis, 227, 234, 302, 415n14
Dempsey, Miles, 71, 161, 175, 178, 203, 208, 210, 258, 305, 322, 325, 348, 368n7, 387n6
Albert Canal and, 332
Bluecoat and, 135, 138, 151, 152, 154, 156, 393n54
Cobra and, 116
corps commanders and, 153
creativity and, 184
Crerar and, 204
Market Garden and, 250, 251, 254, 256, 320
Montgomery and, 37, 39, 187, 192, 201, 204, 205, 372n36, 392n38
O’Connor and, 184
operational art/generalship of, 184–187, 316–321
Operation Overlord and, 70
plan by, 320
publicity and, 42
tactical solutions and, 217
Tournai and, 259
working relations with Broadhurst, 95
Devers, Jacob L., 270, 353, 354, 367n4
Dijon and, 300
Eisenhower and, 416n19
progress of, 342
theory and, 372n37
Dick, C. J., 367n5
Dieppe, 65, 245, 247, 288, 321
Dives, 166, 169, 175, 177, 181, 182
Division von Tettau, 405n25
Doctrine, 10, 11–17, 20, 22, 23, 59, 63, 86, 306, 307
American, 113
British, 55
command and control and, 378n81
differences in, 35, 156, 354, 355
experiments in, 63
German, 52
inadequacies in, 34, 42, 67, 73, 362
“Doctrine of Combat” (manual), 47–48
Domfront, 70, 93, 157, 161, 165, 194
Donnelly, C., 367n5
Dreux, 159, 165, 166, 178, 197, 199, 283, 285
Dunkirk, 36, 64, 65, 111, 216, 239, 245
capture of, demanded, 322
supply through, 343
Dyle, crossing, 245
Eberbach, General, 160, 173, 176, 188
on Allies/Seine, 217
on British pause, 154
Marigny and, 389n23
Orléans and, 167
POL for, 265
reinforcements for, 335
support for, 266
Eindhoven, 239, 253, 254, 283, 284, 347, 348, 413n32
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 201, 242, 266, 276, 277, 298, 309, 334, 335, 364, 367n4, 385n61, 389n18
Antwerp and, 269, 351, 409n50, 421n55
Anvil/Dragoon and, 353, 402n56
Bradley and, 38, 161, 200, 202, 214, 215, 228, 235, 301, 336, 337, 341, 343, 347, 413n6
Brittany and, 158, 213, 279, 415–416n16
CCS and, 229
command issues and, 8, 213, 214–217, 226–227, 299–302, 304, 306, 310, 314
culminating point and, 114
fuel resources and, 263
leadership of, 68, 355, 357, 358
Market Garden and, 256, 259, 347, 350, 351, 421n61
Marshall and, 212, 242, 243, 299, 320, 355, 356, 414n11
Montgomery and, 35, 36, 37, 99, 147, 202, 213, 214, 215, 224, 227, 228, 229, 230, 233, 234, 272, 282, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 310–311, 319, 339, 347, 348, 349, 351, 356, 357, 358, 360, 379n2, 402n59, 409n52
operational art/generalship of, 211–216, 308, 349–359, 362, 364
Patton and, 41, 199–200, 228, 263, 372n34
political imperative of, 311–312
resistance efforts and, 104
Scheldt estuary and, 239
Seine and, 349
Tunisian campaign and, 358–359
Versailles conference and, 235, 267
views of, 2
Elbeuf, 178, 181, 183, 195, 206
Encirclement, 113, 134, 146, 148, 149, 164, 166, 185, 186, 359
Erickson, John, 367n5
Eugene, Prince, 370n14
European theatre of operations (ETO), 4, 9, 34, 35, 46, 47, 274, 276, 300, 367n4, 413n3
Experimental Mechanized Force, 55
Falaise, 42, 70, 136, 145, 159, 161, 170, 172, 173, 174, 177, 401n52
advance on, 156, 157, 167, 191, 197, 202, 207
capture of, 164–165, 166, 175, 203
Falaise-Argentan-Alençon road, 161, 166, 178, 194
Falaise pocket, 96, 158–161, 164–167, 167–170, 172–176
closing of, 178, 182, 204, 362
creation of, 161, 162 (map), 163 (map)
encirclement and, 176–178, 180–184
FFI. See Forces Françaises de l’Intérieur
Field Service Regulations, 4, 17, 58, 61
Firepower, 6, 7, 50, 53, 79, 82
deficiency in, 81
superior, 22, 59–60, 307, 326, 363, 369n5, 374n53
First World War, 4, 12, 16, 17, 40, 42, 58, 61, 65, 67, 72, 85, 105
Montgomery and, 59
Flers, 142, 144, 154, 159, 161, 167
FM 100-5 Operations, 4, 45, 51, 52, 53, 315
Fontainebleau, bridgehead at, 167
Foot, M. R. D., 386n70
Force
structures, 10
Forces Françaises de l’Intérieur (FFI), 101, 104, 105, 181, 182, 199, 268, 312, 338, 393n49, 401n45, 418n37
Forêt de Cinglais, 137
Forêt de Grimbosq, 156
Forêt de St. Sever, 128
Forêt l’Evêque, 136, 138, 139, 142, 153, 391n37, 393n57
Fortress Southern Holland, 240, 247, 248, 325
Forward Echelon Communications Zone, 304
Forward Section (COMZ), 276
Fougères, 121, 133, 150, 160, 196
Frankfurt, 229, 233, 296, 335, 337, 420n51
advance on, 226, 264, 266, 295, 419n44
Frederick the Great, 370n14
availability of, 33
aviation, 100
shortages of, 83, 84, 93, 94, 100, 108, 149, 249, 263, 293, 398n22
Fuller, J. F. C., 369n7
FUSAG. See First US Army Group
Gavin, James M., 379n5
Generalship, 3, 6, 8, 116, 145–157, 315–359, 364, 370n14, 389n23
château, 31
creativity/originality and, 29
operational-level, 359
responsibility of, 33
science/art and, 371n26
successful, 371n25
theatre level, 200–216, 337–359
Gerow, Major General, 166, 182, 260, 326, 331
Glantz, David M., 368n5
Göring, Hermann, 241
Gothic Line, 236
Graham, Major General, 304
Grant, Ulysses S., 43, 45, 373n40
Grimbosq, 167
Guards Armored Division, 138, 142, 143, 144, 154, 157, 246, 248, 254, 317, 320
advance of, 416n21
Brussels and, 245
Market Garden and, 256
Guderian, Heinz, on logistics/armored warfare, 306
Guerrilla warfare, 102, 103, 295
Haig, Field Marshall, 55, 59, 64, 105
Haislip, Wade H., 132, 133, 176, 207, 208, 334
advance of, 197
encirclement and, 164
Falaise and, 165
Patton and, 196
reconnaissance for, 396n8
Harris, Sir Arthur, 90, 418n31
Hausser, Paul, 120, 121, 126, 129, 133–134
High Command West, 183
Hitler, Adolf, 92, 112–113, 121, 126, 145, 151, 176, 207, 238, 267, 334, 337
assassination attempt on, 236, 376n65, 394n62
Avranches corridor and, 159
counteroffensive and, 177, 266
decision making and, 110
Fortress Southern Holland and, 240
Normandy and, 111
Scheldt estuary and, 239
space/time/forces and, 314
strategic concepts and, 12
V-weapons and, 380n6
von Kluge and, 160
Hodges, Courtney H., 33, 38, 161, 175, 178, 181, 182, 199, 232, 233, 257, 258, 259, 262, 313, 324, 393n50, 396n8, 400n43
Aachen and, 270
Argentan and, 166
Bradley and, 39, 40, 116, 132, 328, 339
career of, 40
Cobra and, 150
creativity and, 184
Crerar and, 195
Falaise pocket and, 198
fuel shortage for, 293
Gerow and, 260
Hürtgen Forest and, 352
Leavenworth and, 341
Leclerc and, 195
logistics and, 328, 400n42, 408n42
operational art/generalship of, 193–196, 326–332
Patton and, 211, 291, 336, 340, 400n42, 418n36
Ruhr and, 345
working relations with, 95
Horrocks, Sir Brian, 246, 255, 256, 317, 318, 417n24
command of, 254
Huebner, Clarence R., 127, 129, 130, 148, 149
Hürtgen Forest, 260, 262, 271, 328, 330, 331, 347, 352, 364
attacks into, 332
impact of, 272
Indian Army, 56
Infantry divisions, 44–45, 46, 53, 272
casualties in, 51
frontage of, 85, 175, 394n63, 374n54, 403n3
full-strength, 391n34
replacements for, 47
transportation for, 84
“Instructions for Large Unit Commanders” (von Moltke), 375n64
Intelligence, 5, 29, 31, 32, 236, 362
Allied, 106–108, 108–110, 236–241, 386n73
failures, 362
limited, 312
Normandy and, 108–110, 110–113
signals, 106, 110, 111, 177, 193, 398n23
Ultra-derived, 107, 108, 128, 239
See also Ultra
Jedburgh teams, 103, 104, 105, 386n72
Joint Chiefs of Staff, 343
King’s Shropshire Light Infantry (KSLI), 393n56
Koch, Oscar, 332
KV-1 tanks, 82
Laison, 169, 173, 174, 175, 188, 190, 191
La Manoir, bridge at, 283
Lancaster bombers, close air support and, 97
Land Forces Command, leadership of, 201–206
Landing ships tank (LSTs), 281
Leadership, 17, 23, 27, 50, 68, 357, 358
operational, 355
responsibility and, 51
League of Nations, 54
Leavenworth Command and Staff College, 215, 306, 341, 349, 351, 368n5, 418n36
Le Bény-Bocage ridge, 135, 142, 143, 151, 153, 154, 155, 201, 391n37, 393n53
Leclerc, Phillipe, 164, 166, 182, 195, 402n59
Lee, J. C. H., 216, 276, 277, 286, 303, 304, 414nn8–9
Lee, Robert E., 372n40
Le Havre, 92, 112, 158, 268, 309, 338, 339, 350, 417n22, 417n27, 420n48
advance on, 240
bombardment of, 407n33
capture of, 244, 245, 279, 288, 322, 323
pipelines from, 284
port of, 229
supply through, 224, 281, 287, 343
Leigh-Mallory, Trafford, 99, 182
Operation Pointblank and, 91
time constraints and, 124
Transportation Plan and, 90
Le Mans, 133, 159, 160, 164, 187, 198, 207, 283
Leopold Canal, 247
Liberty ships, capacity of, 280
Liddell Hart, Basil, 387n6
supply through, 286
Lincoln, Abraham, 43
Logistics, 8, 13, 14, 31, 37, 70, 93, 115, 224, 243, 270, 282, 304, 308, 311, 314, 328, 336, 338
armored warfare and, 306
deterioration of, 7
problems in, 5–6, 7, 10, 26, 35, 113, 210, 223, 243, 274, 276–278, 284, 289–293, 294–298, 315, 316, 327, 349, 360, 361
Loire, 70, 92, 93, 132, 134, 158, 159, 164, 165, 201, 202, 210, 276, 362, 382n33, 383n43
crossing, 392n40
guarding, 418n37
lodgment up to, 275
Lorient, 132, 267, 268, 408n46
capture of, 279
masking of, 312
Lorraine, 220, 238, 264, 267, 313, 314, 334, 335, 352, 353, 362, 363
Luftwaffe, 95, 107, 180, 237, 241, 253, 297, 290n29, 405n21
absence of, 295
demise of, 88, 89, 91, 110, 384n51
maximum effort by, 160
reinforcements for, 109
Lutes, Leroy, 512n26
M-4s. See Sherman tanks
M-10 tank destroyers, 77, 381n18
M-18 tank destroyers, 77
M-36 tank destroyers, 82, 381n18
M516 directive, 159, 161, 168, 202, 206
Maastricht, 238, 244, 257, 259, 260, 347
Maas-Wall Canal, 403n34
Machine guns, 74, 75, 81, 82, 140, 169, 379n4
Maginot Line, 264
Mainz, 226, 263, 266, 341, 353
Maneuver, 44, 45, 114, 274, 275, 363, 369n5
desirability of, 218
importance of, 48, 58–59, 63, 86, 307
limiting of, 100
movement and, 399n32
operational, 2, 5, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 41, 126, 148, 184, 196, 198, 209–210, 326, 349, 363
tactical, 15
advance on, 311
infantry, 411n8
intelligence about, 108
Mantes-Gassicourt, 159, 167, 180, 197, 198, 206, 209, 242
bridgehead at, 181
Manual for Commanders of Large Units, 44
Marigny, 122, 124, 130, 148–149, 389n23
bypassing, 127
capture of, 148
Mark IV tanks, 77, 137, 405n23
Marseille, 212, 232, 412n27, 415n16, 421n62
supply through, 224, 270, 416n16
Marshaling yards, 91, 94, 282–283
Marshall, George C., 34, 38, 40, 277, 349, 357, 390n26
alliance management and, 35
Anvil/Dragoon and, 402n56
command issues and, 301
divisions and, 46
Eisenhower and, 212, 242, 243, 299, 320, 355, 356, 414n11
Market Garden and, 250, 421n61
Montgomery and, 72
Mayenne, 133, 134, 150, 157, 159, 165, 199, 206, 207, 208, 285
Mayenne-Domfront-Flers axis, 165
McNair, Leslie J., 44, 47, 82, 389n21
Mediterranean theatre, 9, 34, 301
Meindl, General, 120
advance on, 198
bridgehead at, 167
Metz, 50, 222, 227, 232, 238, 263, 264, 266, 267, 268, 270, 286, 288, 292, 306, 309, 327, 333, 335, 336, 352, 407n33, 419n39
Meuse, 220, 222, 235, 257, 259, 263, 331, 350, 362
advance on, 104
crossing, 332
Meyer, Kurt, 172, 173, 188, 192
Middleton, Troy H., 122, 267, 390n32, 401n48
St. Malo and, 268
Military Review, 44
Military theory, 1, 4, 349, 367n1, 369n6
Military Training Pamphlet No. 23 (Operations), 4, 61
Mobility, 7, 10, 62, 83–85, 146, 148, 342, 400n38
superior, 150, 155, 307, 312, 351, 359, 374n53
Model, Walter, 238, 397–398n22, 407n37
subordinate commanders and, 300
Mons pocket, 259, 305, 326, 327, 363
Montgomery, Bernard L., 57, 63, 182, 186, 193, 208, 216, 244, 270, 304, 353, 370n16, 371n27
Antwerp and, 269, 318, 320, 343
Bluecoat and, 135, 139, 142, 145, 393n54
Bradley and, 37, 38, 150, 161, 178, 200, 201, 202, 204, 205, 206, 209, 211, 226, 232, 305, 311, 339, 340–341, 343, 344, 348, 356, 401n51, 401n53, 419n45
Brooke and, 355, 371n28, 420n50
Browning and, 320
Calais and, 322
Channel ports and, 227, 309, 310, 323
Churchill and, 72
CIGS and, 177
commanders and, 58, 62, 153, 301
command issues and, 38, 184, 212, 299, 300, 301, 316
Crerar and, 37, 40, 191, 192, 205, 321–322, 324, 325, 343, 344, 357, 372n36, 400n39
criticism of, 37, 42, 72–73, 150, 205–206, 301, 305, 401n44
Dempsey and, 37, 39, 187, 192, 201, 204, 205, 372n36, 392n38
directives of, 159, 161, 168, 174, 202, 206
Eisenhower and, 35, 36, 37, 99, 147, 202, 213, 214, 215, 224, 227, 228, 229, 230, 233, 234, 272, 282, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 305, 310–311, 319, 339, 347, 348, 349, 351, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 379n2, 402n59, 409n52
Falaise and, 157, 166, 174, 204
force concentration and, 307
fuel for, 293
FUSAG and, 112
inter-army group boundary by, 243–244
logistics and, 296, 297, 298, 403n5, 419n45
Market Garden and, 217, 230, 234, 249, 250, 251, 256, 316, 321, 322, 345, 347, 351, 421n54
Marshall and, 72
Meuse and, 350
operational art/generalship of, 200, 201–206, 321–326, 342–349
operational concepts of, 58, 116, 308, 309–310, 346
Patton and, 196, 197, 198, 206, 207, 210, 305, 356, 401n44, 401n51, 421n55
Phantom Regiment of, 326, 439n32
Rhine and, 246, 269, 271–272, 348
Ruhr and, 246, 296, 297, 312, 322
Scheldt estuary and, 239
SHAEF and, 219
Simonds and, 193
subordinates and, 370n16, 372nn35–36
Tournai and, 259
Trun and, 175
views of, 1
von Kluge and, 109
von Rundstedt and, 109
Morale, 15, 19, 26, 65, 82, 135, 236, 374n55
air interdictions and, 98
Mortain, 96, 118, 119, 121, 133, 134, 151, 194, 199, 202, 203, 207
counterattack from, 110, 112–113, 145, 154, 158–161, 169, 193, 213
Mortars, 75, 80, 81, 272, 379n4
Moselle, 222, 258, 264, 267, 363, 418n37
crossing, 232, 265, 266, 332, 333, 334
halting at, 313
Mt. Pinçon, 136, 151, 154, 390n33, 392n39
capture of, 144
mulberry harbors, 115, 278, 280
Mulhouse, capture of, 236
N158 Caen-Falaise road, 170, 173, 175, 189, 191
fall of, 334
National Defense Act (1920), 44
Neerpelt, 246
advance on, 297
bridgehead at, 248, 254, 317, 319, 320, 345
Nijmegen, 235, 247, 248, 318, 328, 347, 407n34, 407n38
advance on, 251
bridge at, 234, 251, 253, 255, 257, 269
Non-Permanent Active Militia (NPAM), 39, 64–65
Normandy, 6, 9, 13, 32, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 48, 49, 58, 64, 70, 71, 134, 145, 147, 159, 187, 199, 208, 210, 212, 213, 214, 215, 223, 237, 250, 258, 267, 268, 275
airpower and, 89
battle for, 4, 62, 63, 65, 201, 353, 359
breakout from, 112–113, 123, 132, 161, 387n1
casualties in, 74, 183, 368n4, 380n8
close air support in, 97
envelopments in, 145–146, 159, 161, 177, 182, 197–199, 201–202, 204–207, 213, 217
intelligence in, 108–110, 110–113
reinforcing, 72, 83, 100, 101, 115
supply through, 285, 286, 292, 338
tactical deficiencies during, 60
victory in, 299, 308, 315, 337, 360
Normandy Base Section, 287
Northern Army Group, 232, 359, 394, 403n8
Northwest European theatre, 211–216
“Notes on Command in Western Europe” (Eisenhower), 302
Numbers, 22
Oberbefehlshaber West, 183
Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), 71, 72, 110, 111, 126, 237, 239, 267
O’Connor, Richard, 143, 394n58, 399n33
Dempsey and, 184
Offensives, 341
conducting, 306
described, 18
Oil production, natural/synthetic, 91, 99, 100, 222–223
OKW. See Oberkommando der Wehmacht
On War (Clausewitz), 114
Operational art, 3–6, 9, 11–17, 54, 145–157, 367–368nn1–2
concept of, 16, 21, 306–315, 348, 369n7
theatre level, 200–216, 337–359
Operational concepts, 10, 11, 12, 23, 35, 36, 306–315, 367n5
broad versus narrow front, 224, 225 (map)
rival, 219–220, 222–224, 226–230, 232–236
Operational level, 1, 7, 12, 15, 22, 23, 341, 348
Operational Research Section (ORS), 76, 382n24, 398n23
Operational-strategic plans, 1, 36, 68, 306, 309, 312, 314, 315, 347, 355
Operational success, 150, 156, 224, 316, 369n10
tactical success and, 148
Operation Anvil/Dragoon, 226, 290, 314, 352, 353, 402n56
Operation Atlantic, 118
Operation Bluecoat, 100, 110, 112, 134–140, 167–170, 172–176, 184, 187, 188, 256, 381n14, 393nn54–55, 395n2, 417n22
close air support in, 97
execution of, 139–140, 142–145
German defense in, 137
map of, 141
operational art/generalship in, 151–157
Operation Charnwood, 97
Operation Cobra, 5, 48, 54, 66, 78, 86, 109–110, 111, 112, 118–124, 135, 137, 158–161, 164–167, 203, 213, 242, 284, 349, 363, 385n48, 387n8, 389n18
bomber force and, 99
breakthrough and, 98, 156, 185, 388n17
close air support in, 97
divisions for, 46
end of, 131 (map)
execution of, 123–124, 126–130
operational art/generalship in, 145–151
success of, 136, 147–148, 156, 351
surprise attack in, 307
terrain of, 118
Operation Comet, 82, 248, 318–319, 345
Operation Crossbow, 91
Operation Fortitude, 68, 70–71, 100, 108, 111, 145, 380n6
Operation Gatwick, 348
Operation Goodwood, 39, 118, 142, 153, 184, 188, 205, 213, 347, 381n14, 387n8, 389n23, 391n36, 392n42, 399n33
axis/timing of, 112
close air support in, 97
Operation Grouse, 157, 167, 185
Operation Infatuate, 420n48
Operation Lucky Strike, 158, 201
Operation Market, 253–254, 289, 345
Operation Market Garden, 217, 230, 234, 263, 270, 281, 321, 345, 347, 350, 351, 405n23, 413n32, 420n52, 421n54, 421n61
aim of, 248
Antwerp and, 108
axis of, 239
control over, 316
defense against, 317
end of, 256
execution of, 248–249, 319, 320
logistic priorities for, 265
map of, 252
near success of, 250–251, 254, 344
start of, 348
transportation for, 288
Operation Overlord, 88, 115, 121, 132, 198, 212, 306, 370n16, 379n3, 383n36, 383n40
aim of, 210
breakout phase of, 73
Brittany and, 213
end of, 241
map of, 69
Operation Pointblank and, 87
replacements and, 47
success of, 279
territorial gains and, 202
Operations, 352
land-air, 23
maneuver-dominated, 15
mobile, 148
prioritization of, 354
tactics and, 30
Operation Spring, 135, 169, 187, 387n8
Operation Totalize, 100, 113, 151, 160–161, 166, 168, 175, 185, 187, 189, 203
ammunition for, 60
close air support in, 97
development of, 172
end of, 174
errors during, 98
map of, 171
operational thinking and, 192
tactical air effort for, 399n35
Operation Tractable, 166, 172, 187, 191
Canadian operational thinking and, 192
close air support and, 97
described, 175
errors during, 98
map of, 171
orders for, 174
Order of battle (ORBAT), 106, 110, 121, 378n84, 389n18
Orléans, 92, 178, 180, 197, 208, 332
capture of, 167
Orne, 136, 138, 167, 168, 174, 177, 185, 202, 207
ORS. See Operational Research Section
advance on, 246
OSS. See US Office of Strategic Services
supply through, 310
P-47 Thunderbolt, close air support and, 95
Panzer companies, abandonment of, 94
Panzer divisions, 84, 119, 180, 267, 272
Panzerfausts, 77, 78, 140, 381n19
Panzer grenadier divisions, 78, 84, 267
Panzer Group Eberbach, Falaise and, 176
Panzer Group West, 109, 116, 126, 142, 154, 382n33, 392n42, 394n59
Second Army and, 72
Panzer Lehr Division, 98, 119, 122, 123, 129, 389n25, 395n2
Cobra and, 126
Panzer Meyer, 400n40
Panzers, 76, 77, 82, 144, 383n38, 388n12
Paris, 91, 121, 159, 164, 167, 180, 229, 303
bridges in, 284
liberation of, 182, 241, 385n66, 402n59
marshaling yards at, 283
Paris-Orléans gap, 93, 118, 158, 159, 166, 178
advance on, 397n22
Pas de Calais, 71, 111, 244, 380n6, 387n1, 392n40
airpower and, 89
capture of, 244
deception involving, 68
defenses at, 70
ports of, 343
Patton, George S., Jr., 6, 38, 72, 116, 121, 123, 160, 164, 195, 216, 226, 233, 238, 258, 270, 326, 328, 352, 353, 382n27, 395n5, 396n8
advance of, 166, 198, 199, 404n19
Bradley and, 41, 158–159, 196, 197, 199, 208, 229, 232, 263, 266, 295, 311, 314, 333, 338–339, 341, 357, 390n32, 400n42, 401n45, 418n37
Cobra and, 130, 132, 150, 389n18
commanders and, 8, 27, 51, 263
Eisenhower and, 41, 199–200, 228, 263, 372n34
fuel for, 293
FUSAG and, 111
on great soldiers, 367n2
Haislip and, 196
Hodges and, 211, 291, 336, 340, 400n42, 418n36
intelligence and, 362
Le Mans and, 133
maneuver/speed and, 363
Metz and, 264, 333, 334, 352, 419n39
Montgomery and, 196, 197, 198, 206, 207, 210, 305, 356, 401n44, 401n51, 416n21, 421n55
Moselle and, 230, 232, 265, 313, 332
Normandy and, 315
operational art/generalship of, 196–200, 332–337
resistance movements and, 104
Ruhr and, 337
Seine and, 332
Sélune and, 158
Sicily and, 315, 419n40, 421n55
speed/security and, 390n32
working relations with, 95
Permanent Active Militia (PAM), 64–65
Perriers ridge, 142, 143, 144, 154, 157
Pershing, John J., 34
Petrol, oil, and lubricants (POL), 109, 120, 263, 265, 266, 278, 281, 284, 297, 328, 410n4, 411n11, 414n10
shortage of, 259, 260, 292, 332
See also Fuel
Phantom Regiment, 37, 62, 207, 301, 326, 371n27, 390n32, 439n32
“Phony War,” 57
Pipelines, 275, 277, 282, 287, 290, 291, 346
PLUTO, 284
POL. See Petrol, oil, and lubricants
Polish Armored Division, 166, 323
Politics, 10, 11, 30, 35, 311–312, 422n65
Pontaubault, 118, 130, 150, 390n29
Power, combat, 4, 5, 28, 47, 60, 70, 71, 85, 100, 111, 113, 116, 130, 146, 148, 149, 177, 180, 184, 204, 217, 241, 244, 342, 346
Professionalism, 103, 305, 389n23
Propaganda, 17, 101, 103, 377n73, 403n3
Prussian General Staff, 375n64
staff ride and, 367n1
Quesada, Elwood R., 95, 97, 98
Quiberon Bay, 132, 224, 267, 268, 350
capture of, 279
RAF. See Royal Air Force
disruption of, 92
supply delivery and, 288, 290, 291
Ramcke, 338
Ramsay, Admiral, 246, 281–282, 350, 420n50, 421n55
Rear maintenance area (RMA), 280, 281, 282, 283, 288, 296, 297, 310
Reconnaissance, 399n37
air, 80, 88, 89, 90, 110, 120, 127, 177, 193, 258
problems with, 265
Red Army, 1, 23, 53, 56, 105, 236, 313
buildup of, 106
civil war and, 16
doctrinal basis for, 10
fighting by, 3, 46, 106, 380n7, 416n20
German war production and, 89
land combat power and, 100
strength of, 13
Red Ball Express, 285, 286, 288, 291, 295, 412n20, 420n49
effectiveness of, 290
transportation by, 287
Red Lion Express, 287, 289, 297
supply through, 287
Reinforcement Army, 241
Replacements, 47, 274, 275, 321, 377n71
communist, 102
Rhine, 180, 220, 222, 223, 228, 230, 254, 256, 264, 294, 298, 354
advance on, 6, 99, 216, 219, 226, 232, 234, 235, 240, 255, 257, 258, 260, 263, 265, 266, 267, 269, 270, 271, 272, 290, 295, 311, 313, 318, 319, 327, 328, 330, 332, 342, 344, 346, 347, 348, 352, 359
bridgeheads over, 3, 7, 232, 247, 269, 312
crossing, 226, 230, 233, 234, 246, 247, 248, 297, 313, 334, 347, 348, 353, 362
possible axes to, 221 (map), 222
Rhino hedge cutter, 53, 119, 123, 128, 136
Rhône, 180, 229, 306, 313, 353
Ridgway, Matthew, 407n35
Riviera, 212, 213, 238, 409n51
advance from, 308
landings on, 201
RMA. See rear maintenance area
Roberts, Major General, 154, 317–318, 320, 393n57, 417n24
Roer, advance on, 271, 329, 330
Roer River dams, 271, 330, 331
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 212, 299, 402n59, 422n65
advance on, 239
Rouen, 158, 159, 178, 183, 191, 209, 397n16
advance on, 398n25
capture of, 279
pipelines from, 284
Royal Air Force (RAF), 55, 289, 324, 325, 377n71
air superiority and, 87
Market Garden and, 251
Royal Army Service Corps, 84
Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, 56, 367–368n5
Ruhr industrial region, 70, 227, 230, 269, 346, 404n11, 420n51
advance on, 222, 226, 228, 229, 234, 235, 238, 244, 256–257, 310, 339, 343, 345, 347
capture of, 229, 232, 233, 337, 340
encircling, 296, 311, 347, 419n44
importance of, 219, 306, 308, 312, 337, 419n45
Saar, 220, 222, 226, 227, 228, 229, 233, 238, 258, 264, 337, 340, 420n51
crossing, 333
importance of, 308
Saarbrücken, 222, 266, 295, 334
SAS. See Special Air Service
Scheldt estuary, 246, 269, 298, 322, 325, 344, 348, 362, 412n28
blocking, 282
clearing, 99, 247, 318, 323, 324, 343, 350, 351
importance of, 239
Sée River, 118, 130, 133, 134, 150
Seine, 67, 70, 72, 74, 91, 93, 96, 108, 111, 121, 132, 164, 165, 167, 196, 197, 201, 207, 217, 241, 263, 267, 276, 285, 286
advance on, 147, 159, 175, 178, 179 (map), 181, 185, 186, 198, 204, 205, 206, 208, 210, 214, 216, 290, 317, 397n16
bridgehead over, 180, 209, 228
crossing, 182, 223, 242, 275, 281
pause on, 349
rail break at, 283
withdrawal to, 202
Seine Base Section HQ, 414n9
Sélune, 118, 130, 133, 134, 276, 390n29
advance on, 150
crossing of, 158
Services of Supply, 50
SF. See Special Forces
SHAEF. See Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force
Sherman, William Tecumseh, 43
Sherman tanks, 76, 77, 78, 82, 272, 381n15, 381n18, 382n27
ammunition, 9, 85, 94, 149, 273, 274, 276, 290, 388n17, 398n22
fuel, 83, 84, 93, 94, 100, 108, 149, 263, 293, 398n22
Sicily, 211, 315, 388n16, 401n51, 419n40
invasion of, 416n17
withdrawal from, 398n28
Siegfried Line, 229, 243, 403n3
Signals intelligence (SIGINT), 106, 110, 111, 177, 193, 398n23
Simonds, G. G., 168–169, 205, 323, 324, 418n30
Breskens pocket and, 326
Crerar and, 189, 190, 191, 192, 321
division commanders and, 192–193
Fortress Southern Holland and, 325
Montgomery and, 193
Operation Totalize and, 187, 188, 189
Walcheren and, 326
Simpson, William, 404n9
Smith, Sir Rupert, subordinates and, 370n16
Smith, Walter Bedell, 212, 354, 357
SOE. See Special Operations Executive
Soft-skinned vehicles (SSVs), 94, 96, 119, 398n24
Somme, 72, 111, 112, 182, 242, 245, 317
Souleuvre, 136, 139, 142, 153, 393n53
South Beveland peninsula, 239, 245, 246, 248, 257, 324, 348
Southern Army Group, 232, 403n8, 416n19
Soviet Army Study Office (SASO), 368n5
Spaatz, Carl A., Oil Plan and, 91
Special Air Service (SAS), 103, 104, 105, 378n79
Special Forces (SF), 103–104, 105
Special Operations Executive (SOE), 101, 103, 393n49
SSVs. See Soft-skinned vehicles
procedures/differences in, 359
Staff rides, conducting, 367n1
Stalin, Joseph, Tehran conference and, 212
Stalingrad, 216
St. Gilles, 122, 124, 128, 130
Stimson, secretary of war, command issues and, 299
St. Lô, 71, 118, 128, 285, 387n8
communications hub, 115
supply through, 286
St. Lô-Lessay road, 115, 118, 119, 121, 124, 149, 380n10
St. Martin-des-Besaces, 136, 142, 153, 393n57
St. Nazaire, 132, 267, 268, 408n46
Stolberg corridor, 262, 271, 329, 330, 347
Straits of Messina, 398n28
Strategiya (Svechin), 368n2
Strategy, 2, 3, 11–17, 35, 201, 306, 337
ambitions of, 23
formation of, 22
Subordinates, 25, 27, 32, 300, 372nn35–36, 376n64
overcontrol of, 53
responsibility of, 370n16
backlog of, 290
Supply lines, maintaining, 7, 310
Supreme Allied Commander, 8, 34
Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), 6–7, 42, 72, 101, 103, 114, 123, 200, 212, 226, 227, 229, 235, 241, 242, 267, 268, 276, 282, 283, 293, 309, 310, 312, 338, 343, 354, 360, 395n4, 411n10, 411n16, 412n25
Berlin and, 219
communications and, 311
contingency plans of, 158
credibility of, 357
directions from, 35
Frankfurt and, 335
Granville and, 303
Lucky Strike and, 201
operational concept of, 223–224, 302
Paris and, 181
post-Normandy operations and, 219
preinvasion appreciation by, 219–220, 222–223, 248, 306, 337
statistics from, 292
T-34 tanks, 82
Table of organization and equipment
(TO&E), 44, 119, 120, 378n84, 380n13, 395n2
operational success and, 148
Tactics, 3, 11–17, 23, 25, 49, 52, 53, 54, 60, 136, 196, 241, 315, 352, 400n42
operational art and, 9, 12, 14, 15, 21, 28, 30
Tank Corps, US, 34
Tank destroyers, 45, 73, 74, 76, 77, 208, 388n17, 395n2, 397n21
British, 76, 77, 78, 79, 82, 136
development of, 13
German, 76, 77, 82, 135, 137, 143, 144, 172, 381n17, 383n38, 388n12, 394n60, 405n23
operable condition for, 291, 292
replacement, 391n36
Soviet, 82
US, 76, 77, 78, 82, 272, 273, 381n15, 382n27
Technology, 10, 17, 12, 74, 85, 341
Tedder, Arthur, 385n61, 404n11
desert war and, 384n49
Goodwood and, 99
Montgomery and, 42, 72, 399n35
Pointblank and, 91
Transportation Plan and, 90
Tehran conference, 212
Territorial Army (TA), 56
Tessy-sur-Vire, 119, 122, 128, 130, 135, 195
Third Battle of Ypres, 72, 380n8
Tiger tanks, 76, 77, 82, 135, 137, 143, 172, 381n17, 394n60
“Time on target” (TOT), 80
TO&E. See Table of organization and equipment
Tournai, 244, 257, 259, 262, 326
airborne drop at, 245
American, 113
deficiencies in, 73
differences in, 359
education and, 23
theoretical, 53
Transportation, 7, 63, 85, 296, 308, 372n35
air, 412n22
communications and, 288
tank, 297
Transportation Corps, 285
Transportation Plan, 90, 91, 99
Trenchard, lord, Operation Goodwood and, 99
Trident conference (1943), 87
Troop Carrier Command, 289
Tuker, Francis, on British Army, 370n16
Tunisian campaign, 36, 216, 358–359, 388n16
Typhoon, close air support and, 95
Ultra, 9, 120, 127, 150, 154, 177, 178, 189, 193, 199, 237, 264, 322, 390n29, 392nn38–39
intelligence from, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 128, 239
See also Intelligence
United Nations, 219
US Air Corps, 50
US Army
command and control and, 61
deep operations and, 315
US Army Air Force (USAAF), close air support and, 94
US Marine Corps, 50
US Navy, 50
US Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 101, 103, 104
US Strategic Air Forces (USSTAF), 90
Utrecht, advance on, 247
V-1 launch sites, capture of, 227, 244, 293
V-2 launch sites, 246
Vandenberg, Hoyt S., 384n51
Verdun, 104, 283, 303, 327, 332, 419n46
bridgehead at, 263
Versailles, 286, 303, 348, 358, 421n56
Versailles conference, 235, 267, 340, 344
Victory Program, 46
Vire, 72, 136, 139, 142, 143, 145, 146, 150, 151, 156, 159, 205, 391n32, 391n37
capture of, 154
defense at, 153
importance of, 135
Vire River, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 128, 130, 133
Vire-Vassy road, 142, 144, 151
Volksgrenadier divisions, 241, 264, 395n3, 406n26
Von Choltitz, Dietrich, 126, 127, 129, 149
Von Kluge, Günther, 116, 120, 121, 126, 127, 129, 130, 133–134, 159, 173, 176, 187, 397n22
Hitler and, 160
Montgomery and, 109
subordinate commanders and, 300
withdrawal and, 160
Von Manteuffel, Hasso, 266, 267
Von Moltke, Helmut, 20, 25, 100, 147, 367n1, 375n64, 409n49
Von Rundstedt, Gerd, 109, 238, 239, 240, 241, 409n53
Von Zangen, 318
V-weapons, 104, 112, 226, 230, 347, 380n6, 387n1, 413n28
Waal, 220, 249, 251, 253, 255, 407n34
Walcheren, 239, 240, 246, 248, 326, 344, 348, 406n25
Waldmüller, SS Major, 172
Walker, Walton H., 166, 197, 266
POL for, 265
War Department, 212, 273–274, 276
COMZ and, 303
statistics for, 292
trucks and, 285
War fighting, concepts of, 11–22
War Office, 58, 276, 297, 356–357
casualties and, 274
manpower problem and, 376–377n71
Watson, Leroy H., 127–129, 149, 390n27
Wavell, Sir A. P., on successful generals, 371n25
Wehrmacht, 4, 13, 14, 23, 56, 79, 83, 86, 105, 186, 220, 222
deception against, 106
demoralization of, 317
pressure against, 99
production for, 89
victories for, 45
Wellington, Duke of, Waterloo and, 85
Wesel, 219, 257, 269, 313, 347
advance on, 319
West Wall, 220, 222, 236, 240, 242, 260, 263, 267, 329, 331, 332, 353, 359
advance on, 262, 266, 270, 328, 334, 347, 352
bombardment of, 407n33
capture of, 311
discounted by Patton, 333
outflanking, 230
Weyland, Otto P., 95, 96, 390n30
White Ball Express, transportation by, 287
Wilhelmina Canal, 248, 255, 407n34
Worthington Force, 173, 188, 190
XX Committee, 111
Zetterling, Niklas, 380–381n14