Adkins, Russell, 81–82, 263n1 ch.3, 263n3 ch.3
African American congregations, 117–119, 122–123
Akiwowo, Akinsola, 225, 277n31 ch.9
al ‘așabiyyah, 16, 141–142, 170, 172; decline of, 148, 149; ethnicity and, 148, 153, 165–166; Islam and, 148–149, 165–167; kinship and, 141, 149; religion and, 146–149, 153, 167–169; sources of, 149, 153. See also Khaldūnian sociology of religion
Alatas, Syed Farid, xi, 267n2 ch.5
Ammerman, Nancy, 14, 38, 41, 42
anti-universalism, 237–241
Aron, Raymond, 63
attention, 193, 200–202, 214–216
Augustine (Saint), 75–76, 77, 84, 262n68 ch.2
Barber, Benjamin, 141, 268n10 ch.5
Bell, Catherine, 195–197, 201, 273n38 ch.7
Bellah, Robert, 127, 265n62 ch.3; and co-authors (Habits of the Heart), 14, 33, 126–128
Bender, Courtney, 35; and co-authors (Religion on the Edge) 35–37, 41, 42
Berger, Peter, 32
Blackmore, Susan, 200–201, 214–215
Blessingway. See Navajo ritual
book’s central argument, 15–18, 107, 235–236, 241, 245, 251–252; consequences for scholars, 252–255
Bourdieu, Pierre, 59, 196–197, 242–243
Catholic Church, 5, 54, 120; activists’ attitudes toward, 10–12, 205, 210, 211; and France, 50–52, 261n16 ch.2; medieval & reformation, 28, 33, 47, 69; as model for sociology, 58, 69; ritual, 10, 197–198, 200, 210, 211–216, 215, 216, 218, 219; theology, 32–33, 67, 213, 217, 222; Ultramontane, 51–52, 172, 244; Yugoslav (Croatian, Bosnian), see Medjugorje
Catholic Worker, 17, 204–223, 274n4 ch.8; activities of, 206–207; Los Angeles, xi, 205–206, 223. See also Day, Dorothy; Dietrich, Jeff
Catholic Worker house Masses, 205, 207–223; create community, 220–221, 222, 275n12 ch.8; compared with Navajo ritual, 217, 219–220; double-ritual, 212–213, 221, 222; experiences in, 214–216, 219–221; restore hope, 207, 217, 218–219, 222
Catholics, 3, 12, 45–46, 115, 155, 216; activists, 10–12, 205–223; Latino/a, 37, 119–122; popular Catholicism, 9–11, 13, 37, 45–46, 115, 120–122, 167
centripetal theory of solidarity, 143, 145–146, 153, 166, 169, 172. See also edge-focused theory of solidarity; Khaldūnian sociology of religion
church suppers, 16, 110, 123–124; in African American churches, 117–119; decline of, 123; “kitchen ministry,” 117–119; in Midwestern White churches, 114–117; vs food court, 123
colonialism, 251–252, 249, 254, 278n55 ch.9; intellectual, 41, 233–237, 259–260n33 ch.1; power relations, 225–227, 238, 243–248
Comte, Auguste, 24, 48, 49, 58, 60–61, 63–64, 78
Confucian philosophy, 16; ancestor veneration, 81–82, 86–89, 93, 94–95, 97, 99, 101, 103–104, 106, 125, 264n22 ch.3; and human rights, 84, 85, 99, 263n7 ch.3; Heaven (tiān 兲), 90, 91–92, 97, 105; humaneness (rén 仁), 96, 107; mandate of Heaven (tiān ming 兲命), 82, 89–93, 99, 101, 106; mín 民 (‘people’), 90, 93, 101; relationalism, 101–102, 106; relationship between lǐ 禮 and dé 德, 16, 85, 93, 95–96, 104–106, 111, 125; relationship between ruler and people (mín 民), 93, 101; ritual propriety (lǐ 禮), 16, 99, 103–106, 107; schools of, 95–99, 101–102; theory of social self, 83–86, 99–103, 106, 263n8 ch.3; ‘thick’ vs ‘thin” accounts of, 93–94, 101–103; virtue (dé 德), 16, 91, 93, 00, 103–105, 107. See also Ames, Roger; Confucius; Fingarette, Herbert; Hall, David; Hsün Tzu; Lakos, William; Mencius; Rosemont, Henry; Tu Wei-Ming
Confucian sociology of religion, 16, 107–109, 125–131, 133; care for relationships, 111, 112–126; community-building, 112–126; focus on relationships, not individuals, 108, 111, 122; not just church religion, 107–108; relationships as sacred work, 113, 122, 125; ‘spirituality’ and, 126–131; ‘tradition’ and, 131–133; vs ‘individualized religion’ approach, 126–131. See also church suppers; Confucian philosophy; women
Confucianism: as religion, 33, 95, 96, 97–98, 265n42 ch.3; rú jiā 儒家 (‘tradition of the scholars’), 83, 95–99, 102, 125, 265n42 ch.3
Confucius, 84, 95, 96, 105, 264n35 ch.3; dancing naked, 131; and religion, 95, 104, 106; teachings, 90, 95–96, 104–105, 107
congregations, 36–37, 38, 112–126, 128–129
Connell, Raewyn, 40–42, 226, 241–245
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, 201, 214–215
Csordas, Thomas, 192, 272n6 ch.7
Curzon, Lord George, 237
cultural appropriation, 18, 225–226, 227–233; birthing practices, 229; of Black music styles, 231–232; defined, 232–233, 246; Elgin Marbles, 227–228; ethnic foods, 229–230; Harlem Shake, 230–231;
Darwin, Charles, 53–54
Davidman, Lynn, 81, 266n25 ch.4
Day, Dorothy, 85, 206–207, 274n4 ch.8, 274n7 ch.8
de Tocqueville, Alexis, 52, 62, 64, 127
default view of religion. See view of religion: default
Dia de los Muertos, 87
Dietrich, Jeff, 85, 274nn4, 5 ch.8
Dodson, Jualynne, 117–119
Durkheim, Émile, 47, 58, 64–70, 78, 164; collective effervescence, 68–69; compared to Ibn Khaldūn, 149–153; Division of Labor, 58, 150–151, 269n37 ch.4; Elementary Forms, 64–70; ethnocentric view of religion, 69–70; evolutionary framework, 68–70; individualized religion, 69–70; moral community, 65–68; religion embodied in organizations, 66; theory of ritual, 69; sacred vs profane, 65–68; and social solidarity, 150–151
edge-focused theory of solidarity, 145–146, 159, 169–171, 269n25 ch.5
Elgin Marbles, 18, 224, 227–228
Enemyway. See Navajo ritual
Episcopal Church, 1, 6–9, 14, 257nn7, 8 Intro.
ethnicity, 143–145; center-focused theory of, 143, 145–146, 153; default view of, 153; discrimination based on, 145; edge-focused theory of, 145–146; Ibn Khaldūn’s view, 145, 152–155 165–166; as past, 164–165; and religion, 146–149, 153–154, 164–165; restaurants, 230; variable, 143–144; Yugoslavian, 161–163, 165, 170, 171
evolution: biological, 53–57; social, 68–70
experience, 17; 200–202, 207, 218–219, 221–223; as basis for ritual, 69, 197–202, 214–215, 216–217; of Catholic worker ritual, 216–219, 220–221; of meditation, 201; of Navajo ritual, 192–193, 217. See also ritual
Ezzy, Douglas, 131
feminist ethics, 133
feminist scholarship, 33–34, 133; limitations of “add-women-and-stir,” 252
feminist sociology of religion, 39–40
fieldwork: Catholic Worker, 17, 205–223; “Faunalia,” 131; “Lake City,” Wisconsin, 253–254; Los Pastores (San Antonio), 119–122; Medjugorje, 159, 161, 167, 170; Redemption Parish, 6–9, 14
Fingarette, Herbert, 107, 265n62 ch.3
Flores, Richard, 119–122
Frazer, Sir James, 47
Fundamentals, The, 55–57
Geertz, Clifford, 193–196, 234
Giddens, Anthony, 63–64, 242–243
Gilkes, Cheryl Townsend, 117–119, 122–123
group-feeling. See al ‘așabiyyah
Heelas, Paul, 128–130
historical-cultural context, 5, 15, 26, 42, 45, 78, 133, 136, 225–227, 244–245, 246–249; medieval, 46–48; 19th-century, 48–50, 52, 54, 57–60
Holy People. See Navajo religion
Holyway. See Navajo ritual
homelessness. See Skid Row
hooks, bell, 246
Hsün Tzu, 84, 90, 96, 104, 264n37 ch.3
human rights, 83, 84, 85, 99, 135, 263n7 ch.3, 265n64 ch.3, 270n13 ch.6
Iannaccone, Lawrence, 27
Ibn Khaldūn, 16, 135–137, 155, 267n1 ch.5, 270n46 ch.4; advocate of political Islam, 155–157; and religion, 146–149; badāwah vs hatharah (tribes vs cities), 138–141, 268n10 ch.4; centripetal theory of solidarity, 145–146; compared to Durkheim, 149–152, 269n40 ch.4; cyclic theory, 140, 142, 149; philosophy, 138–149; sociologist of multi-ethnic societies, 135–136, 154–155; theory of ethnic solidarity, 143–145. See also al ‘așabiyyah; tribes and cities
ideal type, 72, 73–75, 140, 268n13 ch.5
indigenizing sociology, 18, 238, 240
individualized religion, theory of, 38, 126–131
intellectual colonialism. See colonialism: intellectual
ISIS, 16, 157, 173–176, 260n44 ch.1
Islam: Ibn Khaldun and, 155–157, 174–178; Islamism, 173–179
Jews/Judaism, 4, 7, 10, 21, 30, 37, 51, 115, 155, 162, 183, 269n44 ch.5; and ethnicity, 30, 52, 154, 174; individual practices, 37, 38, 266n25 ch.4
Juergensmeyer, Mark, 178–179, 271n30 ch.6
Khaldūnian sociology of religion, 16, 165–173; centripetal solidarity, 169, 172; correcting ‘tribes vs cities’ model, 145, 175; cyclical, not ‘tradition-vs-modernity’, 166, 172; economic context, 167; environmental context, 174; ethnicity and religion, 165–168, 174; group-feeling, 165–168, 170–171, 172, 174, 175–179; jihadiya, 174–178; religion is not disappearing, 172–173
“kitchen ministry,” 117–119
la morale, 65
laïcité, 52
Lakos, William, 86, 87, 89, 94, 103–104
Latham, Michael, 234
Lichterman, Paul, 254–255
“lived religion,” 37–38
“long reformations,” 5, 38, 46–47
Los Pastores, 119–122
Luckmann, Thomas, 14
Maine, Henry Sumner, 150, 164, 269n37 ch.5
market model. See rational-choice/market model
Marler, Penny Long, 124–125
McGuire, Meredith, xi, 14, 37, 41, 42, 46–47, 84, 258n7 ch1.
Medjugorje: Catholicism, 160–161, 167, 170; clans, 166–167, 168, 172; effect of ‘miracles’, 167–168; ethnic conflict in, 163–164, 170–171; militias, 161, 163, 170–171; tourism, 160, 167, 170; visions/visionaries, 159–161
monothetic, 198–199, 202, 214, 222. See also polythetic
moral community, 65–66
Morris, James, 156–157
Muqaddimah, 135, 137–138, 155–156
Navajo: attitude toward language, 190–191, 217; Nation, 181–182, 272n1 ch.7
Navajo religion, 17, 32, 181–186, 189, 222, 223; healing, 183–186, 188, 191–193, 202–203, 205; hóchxǭ (disorder, evil), 17; Holy People, 183–185, 188, 193, 202–203; hózhǭ (harmony, beauty, happiness), 17, 191–192, 205; as world-creation, 189, 192–193, 205, 217, 219
Navajo ritual, 184–186, 189–190, 202–203, 205, 219; as experience, 192–193; as performance, 188–189; Blessingway, 183, 184, 189–192, 217, 219; Enemyway, 183, 186, 188, 192; Hatałii (‘singers’, ritual leaders), 183–186, 217; Holyway, 183, 185; sand painting, 180, 184–185, 187, 189, 202–203; symbolism, 186–188
Navajo sociology of religion, 17, 203, 207, 214–217, 221–222
Neitz, Mary Jo, xi, 39–40, 41, 42
New Age religion, 128–129, 232
Niebuhr, H. Richard, 75–77, 132–133
Nisbet, Robert, 60–64
Orientalism, 17–18, 233–237, 247
Orr, James, 55–57
other historical-cultural sociologies of religion, 225
Park, Peter, 238–241
Parsons, Talcott, 31, 164, 262n65 ch.2; Parsonian sociology, 242
polythetic, 198–199, 207, 214, 222. See also monothetic
popular religion, 34, 45, 47, 108, 122, 167
post-colonial theory, 18, 41, 226, 234–237; anti-universalism, 237–241
promesas, 121
Protestant, 5, 28–30, 36, 47, 51, 84, 114–117; Black Protestant, 117–118, 254; Evangelical, 3, 22, 30, 54, 154, 254; Fundamentalist, 5, 29, 32–33, 54–57, 271n34 ch.6; Mainline, 22, 29–30, 33, 124, 127, 154. See also Fundamentals, The
Quakers, 4, 13, 112–114, 205, 208, 216, 266nn2–3 ch.4
race. See ethnicity
rational-choice/market model, 25, 27–31, 109
Reichard, Gladys, 184, 186–188, 191
religion: child’s view of, 1–2; churchless, 2; congregations, 6–9, 38; decline of, 22, 23–24; default view of (see view of religion: default); defining, 21, 64–66, 68; and ethnicity, 153–154, 164–165; French politics and, 50–52; growth of individualism, 14, 37–38, 70, 126–128; official & unofficial, 3, 34; survey data on, 3–4, 36; terrorism, 173–179; vs science, 53–60; vs spirituality, 2; 126–130. See also popular religion; ritual
religious social activists. See social activists
ritual: as healing, 183–186, 188, 191–193, 202–203; Catholic Worker, 17, 207–223; experience of, 17, 131, 198–202, 207, 216–219, 220–221, 275n14 ch.8; Faunalia, 131. See also Navajo ritual; polythetic
ritual, theory of: attention and, 200–202, 214–216, 222; as embedded in time, 197–203; experiential approach to, 198–203; parallel with music, 198–200; as symbol, 186–188, 193–195. See also Bell, Catherine; Blackmore, Susan; Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly; Geertz, Clifford; Schutz, Alfred; Turner, Victor
Roof, Wade Clark, 14
Rosemont, Henry, 84–86, 91, 95, 96, 98, 99, 102, 106
Roy, Olivier, 176–178
Sack, Daniel, 115–117, 118, 122, 123–124
Said, Edward, 17–18, 233–235, 234, 247
sand painting. See Navajo ritual
Schutz, Alfred, 198–199
science vs religion, 53–69
secularization, 23; theory, 25, 31–34, 50, 60, 108–109, 125
Sells, Michael, 161, 162, 163, 166, 170
Shils, Edward, 74, 262n65 ch.2
Skid Row, 206, 208, 210, 212, 220–221, 275n10 ch.8
Smith, Dorothy, 40
social activists, 14, 26, 206, 274n6 ch.8; interviews with, 9–12, 205; “What heroes!” response to, 11. See also Catholic Worker
social solidarity. See al ‘așabiyyah; centripetal theory of solidarity; edge-focused theory of solidarity
sociology: 19th-century origins of, 5, 48–52, 78, 172; French origins of, 48–52; myth of ‘conservative reaction’, 60–64; religion as ‘Other’, 48–50, 78, 172
sociology of religion: alternate approaches, 34–42; centrality of beliefs, organizations, and rules, 1, 12, 21, 23, 32–33, 58, 64–68; Christian origins of, 4, 32–34, 42; feminist critique, 33–34, 39–40; textbooks, 15, 22–25, 258nn3–7 ch.1, 258–259nn9, 10 ch.1; theories (see secularization: theory; rational-choice/market model); Western origins of, 4, 32, 42, 45–79. See also Confucian sociology of religion; Khaldūnian sociology of religion; Navajo sociology of religion; other historical-cultural sociologies of religion; view of religion
Southern Theory. See Connell, Raewyn
spirituality, 7–8, 10, 126, 128–131; vs religious, 2; woman-centered, 10, 34, 40. See also New Age religion
Stevens-Arroyo, Anthony, 213
Stout, Jeffrey, 127–128
suppers, church. See church suppers
texcoatlaxope, 225
textbooks. See sociology of religion: textbooks
‘thin’ vs ‘thick’ accounts, 93–94, 102–103, 263n4 ch.3, 264n31, ch3
tradition: as inertia, 73, 132; Niebuhr vs Weber, 73–77, 132; as relationship, 75–77, 131–133
tribes and cities, 138–141, 268n10 ch.5; correction for modern times, 145, 166, 175; cycle between, 140, 166. See also Ibn Khaldūn
Turner, Victor, 194–195
unequal world, 17, 41, 225–249, 274n2 ch.8
universalism. See anti-universalism
Van Norden, Bryan, 102, 263n4 ch.3
Vásquez, Manuel, 34, 170; religion as sociology’s ‘Other’, 48–50, 58–59, 64, 172
view of religion: default, 12–14, 15, 23–26, 32, 45, 59–60, 78, 111, 122, 128–132, 153–154; medieval, 45–46; as ‘Other’, 48–50; transformation during the “long reformations,” 46–47
Warner, R. Stephen, 32
Weber, Max, 31, 71–74, 76–77, 78, 164; ethnocentrism of approach to tradition, 73–77; ideal types, 72, 74, 268n13 ch.4; Protestant Ethic, 24, 71, 74; sociology of authority, 72–73; traditional action, 73, 76–77; traditional authority, 73–74, 76–77
Wicca, 39–40. See also neo-paganism
Wilson, Bryan, 31
Witherspoon, Gary, 190–191
Wolf, Eric, 234
women, 9–11, 111, 121; African American, 117–119; as center of religious life, 42, 122–126, 167; and church decline, 124–125; and food, 114–126; Latinas 119–122; spirituality, 10, 34, 40; work in congregations, 16, 116, 117–118, 124–125. See also church suppers
Woodhead, Linda, 128–130
world-conscious sociology, 43, 251–253
Yang, C. K., 89
Yang, Fenggang, 31
Years of Rice and Salt, 19
Yugoslav war, 161–164, 165, 169–171; elite manipulation during, 169–171
zongjiao (‘sectarian teaching’), 98