CONTENTS

Other Books by This Author

Acknowledgements

Reflections on Violence in the United States by Richard Hofstadter

Part I
Political Violence

Pilgrims versus Puritans, 1634

Battle of the Severn, 1655

Bacon’s Rebellion, 1676

Bloody Election in Philadelphia, 1742

Knowles Riot in Boston, 1747

Stamp Act Riots, 1765

Boston Massacre, 1770

Battle of Alamance, 1771

Terrorism Against Loyalists, 1774–1775

Whiskey Rebellion, 1794

Philadelphia Election Riot, 1834

Christiana Affair, 1851

Bleeding Kansas, 1854–1861

Baltimore Election Riot, 1856

Harper’s Ferry, 1859

New Orleans Coup d’État, 1874

Part II
Economic Violence

Bread Riot in Boston, 1713

Mast Tree Riot, 1734

New Jersey Tenant Riots, 1745–1754

New York Agrarian Rebellion, 1766

Shays’s Rebellion, 1786–1787

Anti-Bank Riot in Baltimore, 1835

Flour Riot in New York, 1837

Squatters’ Riots, 1850

Railroad Strike, 1877

Louisiana Sugar Strike, 1887

Homestead, 1892

Coeur d’Alene, 1892

Pullman Strike, 1894

Wheatland Riot, 1913

Ludlow, 1913–1914

Steel Strike, 1919

Herrin Massacre, 1922

Chicago Eviction Riot, 1931

Southern Tenant Farmers’ Union, 1935

Memorial Day Massacre, 1937

Part III
Racial Violence

Slave Revolts and Their Suppression

New York Slave Revolt, 1712

Louisiana Uprising, 1811

Vesey Uprising, 1822

Nat Turner, 1831

Texas Slave Insurrection, 1860

Providence, 1831

Cincinnati, 1841

New York Draft Riot, 1863

New Orleans, 1866

Vicksburg, 1874

Wilmington, 1898

East St. Louis, 1917

Some Casualties of Conquest

The Paxton Riots, 1763–1764

Cheyenne Massacre, 1864

Wounded Knee Massacre, 1890

Brutalities in the Philippines, 1899–1902

Part IV
Religious and Ethnic Violence

Persecution of Quakers, 1656–1661

Burning of Ursuline Convent, 1834

Anti-Mormon Riot, 1838

Philadelphia Nativist Riots, 1844

Pentecost Riot in Hoboken, 1851

Louisville, 1855

Mountain Meadows Massacre, 1857

Orange Riot, 1871

Anti-Chinese Riot in Los Angeles, 1871

Rock Springs Massacre, 1885

Anti-Italian Riot in New Orleans, 1891

Zoot-Suit Riot, 1943

Part V
Anti-Radical and Police Violence

Anti-Abolition Riot in New York, 1834

Tompkins Square, 1874

Everett Massacre, 1916

May Day Riot in Cleveland, 1919

Centralia, 1919

Dearborn Massacre, 1932

Bonus Army, 1932

Peekskill Riot, 1949

Freedom Riders, 1961

Oxford, Mississippi, 1962

Part VI
Personal Violence

Hamilton-Burr Duel, 1804

Jackson-Dickinson Duel, 1806

Sand Bar Gun Battle, 1827

Assault on Charles Sumner, 1856

The Hatfields and the McCoys, 1873–1888

Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, 1881

Part VII
Assassinations, Terrorism, Political Murders

Murder of Lovejoy, 1837

Assassination of Lincoln, 1865

Assassination of Garfield, 1881

Haymarket, 1886

Attempted Murder of Henry Clay Frick, 1892

Assassination of Frank Steunenberg, 1905

Dynamiting of Los Angeles Times, 1910

Wall Street Bombing, 1920

Murder of Medgar Evers, 1963

Murder of Malcolm X, 1965

Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 1968

Part VIII
Violence in the Name of Law, Order, and Morality

Doctors’ Riot, 1788

Portland Whorehouse Riot, 1825

Vicksburg Gamblers, 1835

Astor Place Riot, 1849

San Francisco Vigilance Committee, 1856

Montana Vigilantes, 1863–1865

Cincinnati Riot, 1884

Lynching at Memphis, 1893

Epilogue by Richard Hofstadter