Appendix II – Some Poison producing animals and micro-organisms
Common Name | Genus and Species | Type of Poison Produced |
Snakes: - Elapids |
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Black Mamba | Dendroaspis polylepis | neurotoxins |
Inland Taipan or Fierce snake | Oxyuranus scululatus | neurotoxins |
Snakes: - Vipers |
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Pit viper | Agkistrodon rhodostomo | vasculotoxins |
Snakes: - Marine |
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Sea snakes | Hydrophiidae sp | myotoxins |
Insects: |
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Bees | Apis mellifera | melittin, apamin |
Spiders: |
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American black widow spider | Latrodectus mactans | latrotoxin |
Australian funnel-web spider | Atrax robustus | atraxatoxin |
Brown recluse spider | Lactrodectus reclusa | atraxatoxin |
Amphibia: |
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Frogs | Phyllobates terribilis | batrachotoxin |
Frogs | Phyllobates aurotaenia | batrachotoxin |
Frogs | Epipedobates tricolor | epibatidine |
Californian newt | Taricha torosa | tetrodotoxin |
Marine creatures: |
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Box jellyfish (sea-wasp) | Chironex fleckeri | cardiotoxins |
Marine snails | Conus geographus | conotoxins |
Puffer fish (globe fish) | Fugu rubripes | tetrodotoxin |
Porcupine fish | Diodon | tetrodotoxin |
Marine micro-organism | Palythoa seaweeds | palytoxin |
Marine micro-organism | Dinoflagellate plankton | brevetoxin, cigua-toxin, and maitotoxin |
Bacteria: |
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Anthrax | Bacillus anthracis | spores |
Botulism | Clostridium botulinum | exotoxin |
Cholera | Vibrio cholerae | exotoxin |
Food poisoning | Bacillus cereus | exotoxin |
Food poisoning | Salmonella enteriditis | exotoxin |
Food poisoning | Escherischia coli (E. coli) | exotoxin |
Food poisoning | Staphylococcus aureus | exotoxin |
Gangrene | Clostridium perfringens | exotoxin |
Typhoid | Salmonella typhi | exotoxin |