Index

• Aeneid (Virgil), 13–14

• Against All Flags (film), 215

• Agron (Ilyrian king), 14, 17

• Alexander the Great, 5

• Alf (prince), 31–32, 34–35

• Alfhild (or Awilda) (princess), 30–36

• Alien (film), 226

• All About Eve (film), 216

• American Revolutionary War, 153, 193

• American Women’s Suffrage Association (AWSA), 195

• Andrews, Charles M., on buccaneers, 89

• Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, on Vikings, 20, 23

• Annals of Ulster, The, 20

• Anne of the Indies (film), 140, 212–17, 222

• Anthony, Susan B., 195

• Appian, on Queen Teuta, 17

• Appleby, John, 92–93, 137

• Artemisia I (queen of Halicarnassus), 4–6, 8, 10–14

• Artemisia II (queen of Halicarnassus), 7

• Asbury, Herbert, 183–86, 190

• Athens:

  • as twin city, 15

  • women’s rights in, 6

• Augustine, Saint, 5

• Australian penal colonies, 152–53

  • See also Parramatta Female Factory

• Avery, Henry (or Long Ben, John Avery), 105

• Badger, Charlotte, 151–57

• Ballou, Maturin, 190

• Banu Rashid Muslim tribe, 60

• Barbarossa brothers, 58, 61–62

• Barbary corsairs, 53–59

• Barnet, John, 126

• Battle of Gravelines, 72–74

• Battle of Kinsale, 84

• Battle of Salamis, 10–12

• Battle of Thermopylae, 8

• Battle of Wexford, 158

• Bellamy, Samuel “Black Sam,” 105, 121

• Bentley, Richard, on Jeanne de Clisson, 46

• Bentley, Walter, 51

• Bernstein, Iver, on US draft riots, 185

• Berry, Charlotte de, 106–12, 125

• beys, 55–57

• Bigelow, Kathryn, 227

• Billy the Kid, 184

• Bingham, Richard, 82–84

• Black Death, 49

• Black Fleet, 50–51

• Blackbeard, 101, 105, 121, 139–45, 214–15

• Blackwell, Elizabeth, 191

• Blois, Charles de, 40–42, 45, 47, 52

• Blue Jasmine (film), 216

• Bly, Nellie, 192

• Bold in Her Breeches (Stanley):

  • on Anne Bonny, 128

  • on Mary Read, 128

  • on Viking women, 22, 24

• Boleyn, Anne, 70

• Bonnie and Clyde (film), 217

• Bonny, Anne, 30, 97, 111–12, 121–30, 212–13, 217–18

• Bonny, James, 123

• Book of Pirates (Pyle), on Eric and Maria Cobham, 133

• Borgar, 34–35

• Boublil and Schönberg, 213

• Bound Feet & Western Dress (Chang), on women in China, 207

• Bourke, Richard, 82–84

• Boxer Rebellion, 198

• Brethren of the Coast, 88, 94–95, 100, 117, 224

• Bridge Café. See Hole in the Wall pub

• Brief Narrative of My Captivity and Treatment Amongst the Ladrones, A (Glasspoole), on Cheng I Sao, 174

• British East India Trading Company (EITC), 171, 224–25

• Brittany, 40

• buccaneers, 22, 55–56, 87–99

• Buccaneers of America, The (Exquemelin), on buccaneers, 89–93

• Buccaneer’s Realm, The: Pirate Life on the Spanish Main, 1674–1688, (Little), on Laurens de Graaf, 93

• Buried Treasures of the Atlantic Coast (Jameson), on Mary Ann Townsend and Blackbeard, 139

• Burn, Flora, 145–46

• Butler, Pierce, 38, 43

• Campbell, Fanny, 107, 190–91, 193–95

• Canadian Encyclopedia, on Maria Cobham, 130

• cannibalism, 110–11, 156

• Captain Blood (film), 212

• Captain Kidd and the Slave Girl (film), 218

• Caribbean, the, and piracy, 73, 88–90, 101, 116, 120

• Cedrenus, on Viking women, 28

• Chambers, Anne, 85

• Chamorro, Germán Vázquez, 96

• Chang Pao, 176–81

• Chang Yu-I, 207

• Charis, Juan de, 76

• Charlemagne, 37

• Charles II (English king), 102

• Charles the Bald (Frankish king), 23

• Charlevoix, on buccaneers, 94

• Charlton Street Gang, 187–88

• Chase, Samuel, 155

• Cheng Chui Ping (Sister Ping), 205–11

• Cheng I, 175–76

• Cheng I Sao (Ching Shih or Zheng Yisao), 61, 93, 168–69, 174–81

• Chiang Kai-shek, 203

• China, women’s rights in, 171–74, 207

• Chinese Communist Party (CCP), 200, 203–7, 209

• Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, 183, 201

• Ching hai-fen-chi (Yuan), 174

• Christians, captured by Barbary corsairs, 54

• Chronicles (Froissart), on Jeanne de Montfort, 41

• Churchill, Winston, on the Royal Navy, 102

• City of God (St. Augustine), on piracy, 5

• Cixi (Chinese empress dowager), 198–99, 206

• Clayburgh, Jill, 218

• Clisson, Jeanne de, “Lioness of Brittany,” 40, 46–52, 84

• Clisson, Olivier de, 47

• Cobham, Eric, 130–34

• Cobham, Maria Lindsey, 111, 121, 130–35

• Cock’s Castle, 79

• Colonial Williamsburg, and Martha Farley’s story, 139

• concubines, 6, 63–67, 172–73, 198

• Cordingly, David, 117

• Coruncanius, Gaius and Lucius, 16–17

• Crichett, Maria (or Mary Crickett/Crichett), 138, 143

• Cromwell, Oliver, 89, 116

• Cutthroat Island (film), 219–22

• Cynisca, 7

• Damsholt, Nanna, on Viking women, 21

• d’Arc, Jeanne, 41

• d’Artois, Robert, 44

• Davis, Geena, 219, 221–22

• Declaration of Sentiments, 194–95

• Defoe, Daniel, 112

• Delahaye, Jacquotte, 96–99, 139, 213

• Demetrius (royal governor under Queen Teuta), 17

• Deng Xiaoping, 209

• Dido (queen), 13–14

• Dillon, Thomas, 124

• Douglass, Frederick, 194

• Drake, Francis, 73

• Druett, Joan, 24, 30–31, 128, 140, 152

• Early Medieval Europe (journal), on Viking warriors, 21

• Ebrey, Patria, on harems, 63

• Edward III (English king), 41, 44–45, 51

• Elissa of Tyre, 13–14

• Elizabeth I (English queen), 39, 69, 70–73, 76–77, 82–84

• Ellms, Charles, 30, 140

• Eskilsdotter, Elise, 22

• Exquemelin, Alexander O., 88–93

• Fanny Campbell, Female Pirate Captain: A Tale of the Revolution (Ballou), 190

• Farley, Martha (or Mary Harvey, Mary Farley), 137–39, 143

• Farley, Thomas, 137

• Farrell, Sadie (Sadie the Goat), 140, 183–90, 195–96

• Fates, 27

• female infanticide, 206

• Ferdinand (Spanish king), 59

• flogging, 109

• flower boats, 171, 175

• Fólkvangr, 27

• foot binding, 173, 206

• Forgotten Queens of Islam, The (Mernissi), on Sayyida al-Hurra, 62

• Frey (Swedish king), 28

• Freyja, 27

• Froissart, Jean, 41

• From Reverence to Rape: The Treatment of Women in the Movies (Haskell), on women’s roles in the 1950s, 216

• Frozen (film), 227

• Galland, Antoine, 63

• Gangs of New York: An Informal History of the Underworld (Asbury), on Sadie Farrell, 183–86, 190

• Gangs of New York (film), 190

• Gathenhielm, Ingela, 22

• General History of the Pyrates, A (Johnson), 138

  • on Anne Bonny, 122, 124, 130

  • on Blackbeard, 139, 142

  • on Mary Ormond, 142

  • on Mary Read, 112–17, 125

  • on walking the plank, 140

• Gesta Danorum (Saxo Grammaticus):

  • on Ladgerda, 28–29

  • on Princess Alfhild, 30, 34–35

  • on Sela, 25

  • on Viking women, 21

• Gilbert and Sullivan, 213

• Glasspoole, Richard, 174

• “Golden Grace,” 204

• Gosse, Philip, 46, 74–75, 100, 130, 133

• Graaf, Anne “Dieu-le-veut” de, 91–97

• Graaf, Laurens de, 93–95

• Grammaticus, Saxo, 21, 25, 28–30, 34–35

• Granuaile (Chambers), on Grace O’Malley, 85

• Granuaile Heritage Center, 85

• Gray, James. See Snell, Hannah

• Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, 206

• Greece, and piracy, 1–4, 8

• Groa, 35

• Gurid, 35

• Hagerty, Catherine, 151–57

• Halicarnassus, women’s rights in, 8

• Ham, John, 126

• Hanseatic League, 39, 76–77

• Hård, Johanna, 22

• harems, 63–65

• Harlin, Renny, 221

• Haskell, Molly, 216

• Hawkins, John, 73–74

• Hennebont, siege of, 43

• Henry III (French king), 67

• Henry VIII (English king), 70, 82

• Henson, Bill, 165–66

• Herodotus, 4–5, 10, 12

• hetaera (courtesans), 6

• Hetha, 26–27

• Historical Dictionary of Morocco, The, on sultan’s marriage, 63

• historical revisionism, 18, 52, 57

• Histories (Herodotus):

  • on Battle of Salamis, 10

  • on Queen Artemisia, 4–5, 10, 12

• Histories, The (Polybius), on Queen Teuta, 14, 16–18

• History of Piracy, The (Gosse):

  • on Jeanne de Clisson, 46

  • on the Killigrews, 74–75

  • on piracy culture, 100

• History of the Northern Peoples (Magnus), on Princess Alfhild, 30, 32

• History of the Pirates (Lloyd), on Charlotte de Berry, 106–7, 110–11

• History of the Pirates Who Infested the China Sea from 1807 to 1810 (Neumann), on Cheng I Sao, 174

• Hole in the Wall pub, 186, 189

• Hollywood, gender inequality in, 227–28

• Hornigold, Benjamin, 120, 141

• Horwendil (or Orvendil), 25

• Hours, The (film), 226

• House of Blois, 40–42, 46, 48, 50

• House of Montfort, 41, 43, 50

• Howard, John, 152

• Howe, Julia Ward, 195

• Huang P’ei Mei, 203–4

• Hume, David, on Jeanne de Montfort, 46

• Hundred Years’ War, 36, 37, 52

• Hurra, Sayyida al-, 55, 58–66, 68, 96, 213

• Hurt Locker, The (film), 227

• I Sailed with Chinese Pirates (Lilius), on Lai Choi San, 199, 201–2

• ibn Muhammad, Abu al-Abbas-Amhad (sultan of Morocoo), 60–62

• ikbal (lower courtesans), 65

• Illyrian pirates, 9

• Impress Service (impressment), 103

• Inception (film), 216

• indentured servitude, 136–37

• Isabella of France, 37

• Isabella (Spanish queen), 59

• Isles of Shoals, 147–48

• Jamaica, as base for pirates and buccaneers, 91–92, 116, 126–27

• James I (English king), 89

• Jameson, W. C., 139

• Jefferson, Thomas, 57

• Jesch, Judith, on Viking women, 21–22

• John II (Duke of Brittany), 40

• Johnson, Bob, 162–63

• Johnson, Charles, 90, 112–17, 122, 124–25, 130, 138–39, 140, 142

• Johnson, Samuel, on life at sea, 114

• Jones, Mary Harris “Mother,” 192

• Jordan, Edward, 157–61

• Jordan, Margaret Croke, 157–62, 211

• Jung Chang, on Empress Dowager Cixi, 198

• kadin (harem wives), 65

• Keefe, Patrick Radden, 206, 211

• Kelly, Benjamin, 155

• Khouri, Callie, 222

• Ki Ming, 204

• Kidd, William, 105

• Kidman, Nicole, 226

• Killigrew, Elizabeth, 74

• Killigrew, John, IV, 74–75

• Killigrew, Mary Wolverston, 70, 74–77, 85

• King’s Pirate, The (film), 215

• Koll (or Koller, Kolles) (Norwegian king), 25

• Konstam, Angus, 56

  • on the Golden Age, 86–87

• Kootenay Review, and Gunpowder Gertie, 162

• Kuo P’o-tai, 179

• Ladgerda (or Lagertha), 28–30

  • See also Thorgerd

• Lai Choi San, 199–202, 211

• Lancashire, 155

• L’Anse Aux Meadows (Newfoundland), 20

• Latimer, Jon, on Anne “Dieu-le-veut” de Graaf, 92–93

• Lawes, Nicholas, 128

• Le Long, Pierre, 93

• Life of Agis (Plutarch), on Spartan women, 7

• Lilius, Aleko E., 199, 201–2

• Lincoln, Abraham, 192

• Lindisfarne monestary, 22–23

• Lipsitz, Raina, on Thelma & Louise, 222

• Little, Benerson, 93

• Lives of the Most Celebrated Pirates, on Maria Cobham, 130, 133

• Lloyd, Edward, 106–7, 110–11

• Lo Hon-cho (Honcho Lo), 202, 211

• Lockwood, Belva, 191

• London, 109–10

• Lovell, William, 191, 193

• Lykos (Artemisia’s ship), 11–12

• Madagascar, and the Pirate Round, 100–101, 117, 220

• Mag, Gallus, 186–87, 189–90

• Magnus, Olaus, 30, 32

• Mandri, Abu al-Hasan al-, 60

• Manifest Destiny, 182, 191

• Manny, Walter, 44

• Mao Zedong, 203–7, 209

• Maoris, 156

• marriages:

  • in China, 172

  • “Fleet Marriages,” 108, 131

• Matsell, George W., on Sadie Farrell, 189

• Maynard, Robert, 143–44

• Mays, Dorothy, on women indentures, 137

• McTaggart, Carolyn, 162–63

• mead halls, 20

• Medici, Catherine de, 67

• Mediterranean, as birthplace of piracy, 1–4

• Mernissi, Fatima, 62

• Mháille, Gráinne Ní. See O’Malley, Grace

• Middle Ages, life in, 49

• Mildred Pierce (film), 216

• Mitchell, Maria, 192

• Modine, Matthew, 219, 221

• Moen, Marianne, on Viking women, 28

• Monster (film), 226

• Montfort, Jeanne de (or Joanna of Flanders), 40–45

• Montfort, John de, 40–42, 45

• Morgan, Henry, 90–91, 93, 95, 99, 214

• Mott, Lucretia, 194–95

• Mujeres Piratas (Chamorro), on Jacquotte Delahaye, 96

• Murray, Dian:

  • on Chang Pao, 178–79

  • on Cheng I Sao, 174, 181

• Murrough (Grace O’Malley’s son), 82

• National American Women’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA), 195

• National Women’s Party (NWP), 195

• National Women’s Suffrage Association (NWSA), 195

• Neumann, Charles F., 174

• New Providence (Bahamas), as base for pirates and buccaneers, 120–21

• New York Draft Riots, 185

• New York Times, on Cheng Chui Ping, 210

• New Zealand, 155–56

• Norns, 27

• Nurbanu (Cecilia), wife of Selim II, 67

• Odin, 27

• Odyssey (Homer), 1, 3

• O’Flaherty, Donal, 79

• O’Flaherty, Owen, 82

• Olaf (king), 25

• O’Malley, Dudara and Margaret, 77

• O’Malley, Grace, 1, 30, 69, 70, 77–85, 213

• Omund (Danish king), 26

• one-child policy, in China, 207–8

• opium trade, between England and China, 170–71, 198

• Ormond, Mary, 142

• Orozo, Philip de, 76

• Ottoman Empire, 53, 56, 61, 63–64, 67

• Parramatta Female Factory, 153–54, 156

  • See also Australian penal colonies

• Peirce, Leslie:

  • on harems, 64–65

  • on sultanate of women, 68

• P’en Ch’ih Ch’iko, 204

• Penthièvre, Jeanne de, 40, 45, 52

• people smuggling, 208–10

• Peter Pan (film), 166, 212

• Peters, Jean, 213

• Philip II (Spanish king), 72–73

• Philip VI (French king), 40–42, 47–48, 50

• Photios, on Queen Artemisia, 13

• Piracy: The Complete History (Konstam), on corsairs, 56

• Piraeus, as twin city, 15

• pirate hunters, 123

• Pirate Queen: In Search of Grace O’Malley and Other Legendary Women of the Sea (Sjoholm), on Grace O’Malley, 70

• Pirate Queen, The (Broadway musical), 213

• Pirate Round route, 87, 100–101, 110, 117

• Pirates of Penzance (opera), 213

• Pirates of the Caribbean (films), 212, 222–26

• At World’s End (film), 222, 224–25

• The Curse of the Black Pearl (film), 222–23

• Dead Man’s Chest (film), 222–24

• On Stranger Tides (film), 222

• Pirates Own Book, The (Ellms):

  • on Princess Alfhild, 30

  • on walking the plank, 140

• Pirate’s Who’s Who, The (Gosse), on Maria Cobham, 130, 133

• Plutarch, 7

• Polyaenus, 4, 8, 12

• Polybius, 14, 16–18

• Prevost (Governor), 161

• Princess Bride, The (film), 212

• privateers, privateering, 39, 50, 55–56, 62, 71–74, 99, 103, 119, 124, 141, 144–46, 193

• prostitution, 92, 131

• protection moneys, 23

• Protestant Reformation, 71

• Providence, Anne, 213–17

• Pu Yi (emperor), 199

• Pygmalion, 13

• Pyle, Howard, 133

• Qianlong (emperor), 169–70

• Qing dynasty, 169–71, 198–99, 207

• Queen of the Pirates (film), 215

• Queen of the Seas (film), 215

• Rackham, “Calico” Jack, 101, 117–18, 120–21, 123–27

• Ragnar, 28–29

• Ragnarök, 27

• Raiders and Rebels: A History of the Golden Age of Piracy (Sherry):

  • on Madagascar pirates, 100

  • on sailors’ craving for freedom, 104

• rape, among the buccaneers, 92

• Read, Mark. See Read, Mary

• Read, Mary, 97, 106, 111–18, 124–28

• Reconquista, 60

• Red Guards, Mao’s, 206

• Rediker, Marcus:

  • on buccaneers’ democracy, 94

  • on the Golden Age, 86–87

  • on pathways to pirating, 105

  • on women in Royal Navy, 105

• Reis, Murat, 54

• renegados (European corsairs), 57

• Republic of Pirates (Woodard), on Royal Navy life, 109, 114

• Ridley, Daisy, 226

• Roberts, Bartholomew (Black Bart), 128–29

• Rogers, Woodes, 89, 104, 117, 121, 123–24, 126, 180

• Roxelana (Hürrem Sultan), 64–65

• Royal Navy, the, 102–5, 108–9, 113–14, 146

• Ruadh, Ingean (the Red Maiden), 26

• Rurik (Viking king), 24

• Rusla (or Rusila), 25–26

• Salic law, 37

• Sao Feng, 224

• sea dogs, Queen Elizabeth’s, 22, 70, 71–74, 89

• Seafaring Women (Cordingly):

  • on Anne Bonny, 117

  • on Mary Read, 117

• Sela, 25

• Selim II (sultan), 67

• She Captains (Druett):

  • on Alfhild, 30

  • on Anne Bonny, 128

  • on Catherine Hagerty, 152

  • on Charlotte Badger, 152

  • on longships, 24

  • on Mary Read, 128

  • on Viking life, 24

  • on Viking women, 31

  • on walking the plank, 140

• Sherry, Frank, 100, 104

• ships, 73–74

  • biremes and triremes, 9

  • bìrlinns, 80

  • brigs, 154

  • canoes, 89, 94

  • cogs, 39

  • galleons, 74

  • galleys, 9, 80

  • galliots, 58–59

  • lembi, 9

  • paddleboat steamers, 166

  • sampans, 169

  • sloops, 126, 143

  • tartans, 59

• Simeon of Durham, on Lindisfarne monastery, 23

• Sister Ping. See Cheng Chui Ping

• Siward (Goth king), 30–32, 35

• Sjoholm, Barbara, 70

• Skytte, Christina Anna, 22

• slavery, 54

• Snakehead, The (Keefe), on Cheng Chui Ping, 206, 211

• Snell, Hannah, 105–6

• Snyder, Amanda, on Jamaica, 116

• Society of United Irishmen, 158

• Sommerville, Johann, on England’s funds, 71

• Spanish Armada, 72–73

• Spanish Main, The (film), 213

• Sparrow, Jack, 222–26

• Sparta, women’s rights in, 6–7

• Spotswood, Alexander, 143

• Stairs, John, 159–61

• Stanley, Jo, 22, 24, 125, 128

• Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 194–95

• Star Wars: The Force Awakens (film), 226

• State of the Prisons, The (Howard), on England’s prisons, 152

• Steele, F. O., 175

• Stevens, Spitfire, 215

• Stevenson, Robert Louis, 140

• Stikla, 25

• Stone, Lucy, 195

• Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 192

• Stratagems of War (Polyaenus), on Queen Artemisia, 4, 8, 12

• Stubbs, Gertrude Imogene (Gunpowder Gertie), 162–66

• Süleyman the Magnificent (sultan), 64, 66–68

• Sullivan, Timothy, on piracy culture, 92, 99

• sultanate of women, 67–68

• Sunset Boulevard (film), 216

• Sutter’s Mill, 188

• Swann, Elizabeth, 222–26

• Talbot, Mary Ann, 105–6

• Tammany Hall political machine, 183–84

• Tay Son rebellion, 175

• Teach, Edward. See Blackbeard

• Terry and the Pirates (television series), 202

• Tesondus (or Thrond), 25–26

• Tétouan, Morocco, 60–63, 66

• Teuta (Illyrian queen), 14–18, 22, 180

• Tew, Thomas, 100, 105

• Thelma & Louise (film), 221–22

• Thermistocles, 10–11

• Theron, Charlize, 226

• Therry, Roger, on Parramatta women prisoners, 153–55

• This Day in History (radio program), 162

• Thomas, Dorothy, 124, 127

• Thor, 27

• Thorgerd, 30

  • See also Ladgerda (or Lagertha)

• Thousand and One Nights, A, on harems, 63

• 300 (film and graphic novel), 8

• Tibbott-ne-long (Grace O’Malley’s son), 82–84

• Tonga, 156

• Topkaki Palace, 64

• Tortuga, 87, 91–92, 94, 98–99, 120

• Townsend, Mary Ann, 139–42, 144–45

• transcontinental railroad, 188

• Treasure Island (Stevenson), 166, 187

  • on walking the plank, 140

• Tremaine family, 158–61

• triangle trade, 73, 88

• Tripoli, at war with America, 57

• Truth, Sojourner, 192

• Tudor, Mary, 70–71

• Tweed, William M. “Boss,” 184–85

• Twilight (films), 216

• twin cities, 15–16

• Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 192

• Under the Black Flag (Cordingly), on pirate life, 117

• Unmarried Woman, An (film), 218

• US Navy, and corsairs, 57

• Valhalla, 27

• valide sultan (sultan’s mother), 64–65

• Valkyries, 27–28

• Vallar, Cindy, on Rachel Wall, 148

• Vane, Charles, 105, 123

• Vasseur, Jean La, 98

• Vidal, John, 137

• Vikings:

  • and founding of Russia, 23–24

  • life of, 20–21, 24, 28

  • as pirates, 22

  • and polygamy, 20

  • women among, 21–22, 24–25, 28, 31

• walking the plank, 140, 187

• Wall, George, 146–49

• Wall, Rachel, 134, 146–50

• War of Breton Succession, 40, 46–47, 50–51

• War of the Spanish Succession, 87, 101, 103, 115, 119, 141

• “War of the Three Jeannes.” See War of Breton Succession

• Weaver, Sigourney, 226

• Webiorg, 26–27

• Wilson, Woodrow, 195

• Wisna, 26–27

• Wolverston, Philip, 75

• Women and English Piracy, 1540–1720: Partners and Victims of Crime (Appleby):

  • on buccaneers’ violence against women, 92–93

  • on Martha Farley, 137

• Women of Medieval France (Butler):

  • on Jeanne de Montfort, 43

  • on male-only inheritance, 38

• Women Pirates and the Politics of the Jolly Roger (Klausmann, Meinzerin, Kuhn):

  • on Anne “Dieu-le-veut” de Graaf, 91, 93, 95

  • on Bartholomew Roberts (Black Bart), 129

  • on Battle of Salamis, 11

  • on Elissa of Tyre, 13

  • on Huang P’ei Mei, 203

  • on Lai Choi San, 201

  • on War of Breton Succession, 40

• Women Pirates (Steele), on Cheng I Sao, 175

• women’s rights, 6–8, 38, 171–74, 207

• women’s suffrage, 194–95

• Woodard, Colin, 109, 114

• World Conference on Women (1995), 210

• Xerxes I (or Xerxes the Great), 8–10, 12

• Yggdrasil (Norse tree of life), 27

• Yuan Yun-lun, 174