NLT NOTES

1:1 Hebrew Joash, a variant spelling of Jehoash.

1:2 Or a promiscuous woman.

1:10 Verses 1:10-11 are numbered 2:1-2 in Hebrew text.

1:11 Jezreel means “God plants.”

2:1 Verses 2:1-23 are numbered 2:3-25 in Hebrew text.

2:15 Hebrew valley of Achor.

2:16 Hebrew ‘my baal.’

2:23a Hebrew Lo-ruhamah; see 1:6.

2:23b Hebrew Lo-ammi; see 1:9.

3:1a Or Go and love a woman who.

3:1b Hebrew love their raisin cakes.

3:2a Hebrew 15 [shekels] of silver, about 6 ounces or 171 grams in weight.

3:2b As in Greek version, which reads a homer of barley and a wineskin full of wine; Hebrew reads a homer [5 bushels or 220 liters] of barley and a lethek [2.5 bushels or 110 liters] of barley.

3:3 Or and I will live with you.

3:4 Hebrew ephod, the vest worn by the priest.

3:5 Hebrew to David their king.

4:4 Hebrew Your people are like those with a complaint against the priests.

4:7 As in Syriac version and an ancient Hebrew tradition; Masoretic Text reads I will turn their glory into shame.

4:15 Beth-aven means “house of wickedness”; it is being used as another name for Bethel, which means “house of God.”

4:17 Hebrew Ephraim, referring to the northern kingdom of Israel.

4:18 As in Greek version; the meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain.

5:2 Hebrew at Shittim. The meaning of the Hebrew for this sentence is uncertain.

5:7 The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain.

5:8 Beth-aven means “house of wickedness”; it is being used as another name for Bethel, which means “house of God.”

5:9 Hebrew Ephraim, referring to the northern kingdom of Israel; also in 5:11, 12, 13, 14.

5:10 Hebrew like those who move a boundary marker.

5:11 Or determined to follow human commands. The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain.

6:4 Hebrew Ephraim, referring to the northern kingdom of Israel.

6:6a Greek version translates this Hebrew term as to show mercy. Compare Matt 9:13; 12:7.

6:6b Hebrew to know God.

6:7 Or But at Adam.

7:1 Hebrew Ephraim’s, referring to the northern kingdom of Israel; similarly in 7:8, 11.

7:6 Hebrew Their baker sleeps.

7:12 Hebrew I will punish them because of what was reported against them in the assembly.

7:14 As in Greek version; Hebrew reads They gather together.

8:9 Hebrew Ephraim, referring to the northern kingdom of Israel; also in 8:11.

9:6 Memphis was the capital of northern Egypt.

9:8 Hebrew Ephraim, referring to the northern kingdom of Israel; also in 9:11, 13, 16.

10:5a Beth-aven means “house of wickedness”; it is being used as another name for Bethel, which means “house of God.”

10:5b Or will be taken away into exile.

10:8 Aven is a reference to Beth-aven; see 10:5a and the note there.

10:11a Hebrew Ephraim, referring to the northern kingdom of Israel.

10:11b Hebrew Jacob. The names “Jacob” and “Israel” are often interchanged throughout the Old Testament, referring sometimes to the individual patriarch and sometimes to the nation.

11:2 As in Greek version; Hebrew reads the more they called to him, the farther he moved from them.

11:3 Hebrew Ephraim, referring to the northern kingdom of Israel; also in 11:8, 9, 12.

11:12a Verse 11:12 is numbered 12:1 in Hebrew text.

11:12b Or and Judah is unruly against God, the faithful Holy One. The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain.

12:1a Verses 12:1-14 are numbered 12:2-15 in Hebrew text.

12:1b Hebrew Ephraim, referring to the northern kingdom of Israel; also in 12:8, 14.

12:2 Jacob sounds like the Hebrew word for “deceiver.”

12:4 As in Greek and Syriac versions; Hebrew reads to us.

12:9 Hebrew as in the days of your appointed feast.

12:12 Hebrew Israel. See note on 10:11b.

12:13 Hebrew brought Israel. See note on 10:11b.

13:10 As in Greek and Syriac versions and Latin Vulgate; Hebrew reads I will be.

13:14a Hebrew Sheol; also in 13:14b.

13:14b Greek version reads O death, where is your punishment? / O grave [Hades], where is your sting? Compare 1 Cor 15:55.

13:16 Verse 16 is numbered 14:1 in Hebrew text.

14:1 Verses 14:1-9 are numbered 14:2-10 in Hebrew text.

14:2 As in Greek and Syriac versions, which read may repay the fruit of our lips; Hebrew reads may repay the bulls of our lips.

14:8 Hebrew Ephraim, referring to the northern kingdom of Israel.

1:4 The precise identification of the four kinds of locusts mentioned here is uncertain.

1:6 Hebrew A nation.

2:1 Hebrew Zion; also in 2:15, 23.

2:4 Or like charioteers.

2:20 Hebrew into the eastern sea, . . . into the western sea.

2:25 The precise identification of the four kinds of locusts mentioned here is uncertain.

2:28 Verses 2:28-32 are numbered 3:1-5 in Hebrew text.

2:31 Greek version reads glorious.

3:1 Verses 3:1-21 are numbered 4:1-21 in Hebrew text.

3:2 Jehoshaphat means “the LORD judges.”

3:3 Hebrew They cast lots.

3:6 Hebrew to the peoples of Javan.

3:8 Hebrew to the Sabeans.

3:13 Greek version reads for the harvest time has come. Compare Mark 4:29.

3:18 Hebrew valley of Shittim.

3:21 Hebrew Zion.

1:1 Hebrew Joash, a variant spelling of Jehoash.

1:3 Hebrew have committed three sins, even four; also in 1:6, 9, 11, 13.

1:15 Hebrew malcam, possibly referring to their god Molech.

2:1 Hebrew have committed three sins, even four; also in 2:4, 6.

2:8 Or their God.

3:9 Hebrew Ashdod.

3:12 The meaning of the Hebrew in this sentence is uncertain.

3:13 Hebrew the house of Jacob. The names “Jacob” and “Israel” are often interchanged throughout the Old Testament, referring sometimes to the individual patriarch and sometimes to the nation.

4:1 Hebrew you cows of Bashan.

4:3 Or thrown out toward Harmon, possibly a reference to Mount Hermon.

4:10 Or and slaughtered your captured horses.

4:11 Hebrew as when God destroyed.

5:6 Hebrew the house of Joseph.

5:15 Hebrew the remnant of Joseph.

5:26-27 Greek version reads No, you carried your pagan gods—the shrine of Molech, the star of your god Rephan, and the images you made for yourselves. So I will send you into exile, to a land east of Damascus. Compare Acts 7:43.

6:1 Hebrew in Zion.

6:6 Hebrew of Joseph.

6:8 Hebrew Jacob. See note on 3:13.

6:10 Or to burn the dead. The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain.

6:13a Lo-debar means “nothing.”

6:13b Karnaim means “horns,” a term that symbolizes strength.

7:2 Hebrew Jacob; also in 7:5. See note on 3:13.

7:9 Hebrew of Isaac.

7:14 Or I’m not a prophet nor the son of a prophet.

7:16 Hebrew against the house of Isaac.

8:5 Hebrew You make the ephah [a unit for measuring grain] small and the shekel [a unit of weight] great, and you deal falsely by using deceitful balances.

8:7 Hebrew the pride of Jacob. See note on 3:13.

8:12 Hebrew from north to east.

8:14 Hebrew the way of Beersheba.

9:2 Hebrew to Sheol.

9:7a Hebrew the Cushites?

9:7b Hebrew Caphtor.

9:8 Hebrew the house of Jacob. See note on 3:13.

9:11a Or kingdom; Hebrew reads tent.

9:11b-12 Greek version reads and restore its former glory, / so that the rest of humanity, including the Gentiles— / all those I have called to be mine—might seek me. Compare Acts 15:16-17.

6 Hebrew Esau; also in 8b, 9, 18, 19, 21.

10 Hebrew your brother Jacob. The names “Jacob” and “Israel” are often interchanged throughout the Old Testament, referring sometimes to the individual patriarch and sometimes to the nation.

17a Hebrew Mount Zion.

17b Hebrew house of Jacob; also in 18. See note on 10.

19 Hebrew the Shephelah.

20 Hebrew in Sepharad.

21a As in Greek and Syriac versions; Hebrew reads Rescuers.

21b Or from.

1:17 Verse 1:17 is numbered 2:1 in Hebrew text.

2:1 Verses 2:1-10 are numbered 2:2-11 in Hebrew text.

2:2 Hebrew from Sheol.

3:3 Hebrew a great city to God, of three days’ journey.

4:11 Hebrew people who don’t know their right hand from their left.

1:5 Hebrew Jacob; also in 1:5b. The names “Jacob” and “Israel” are often interchanged throughout the Old Testament, referring sometimes to the individual patriarch and sometimes to the nation.

1:10a Gath sounds like the Hebrew term for “tell.”

1:10b Beth-leaphrah means “house of dust.”

1:11a Shaphir means “pleasant.”

1:11b Zaanan sounds like the Hebrew term for “come out.”

1:11c Beth-ezel means “adjoining house.”

1:12 Maroth sounds like the Hebrew term for “bitter.”

1:13a Lachish sounds like the Hebrew term for “team of horses.”

1:13b Hebrew the daughter of Zion.

1:14a Moresheth sounds like the Hebrew term for “gift” or “dowry.”

1:14b Aczib means “deception.”

1:15a Mareshah sounds like the Hebrew term for “conqueror.”

1:15b Hebrew the glory.

2:4 Or to those who took us captive.

2:6 Or the prophets respond; Hebrew reads they prophesy.

2:7 Hebrew O house of Jacob? See note on 1:5a.

4:7 Hebrew Mount Zion.

4:8 Hebrew As for you, Migdal-eder, / the Ophel of the daughter of Zion.

4:10 Hebrew O daughter of Zion.

4:11 Hebrew of Zion.

4:13 Hebrew “Rise up and thresh, O daughter of Zion.”

5:1 Verse 5:1 is numbered 4:14 in Hebrew text.

5:2 Verses 5:2-15 are numbered 5:1-14 in Hebrew text.

5:7 Hebrew in Jacob; also in 5:8. See note on 1:5a.

6:5 Hebrew Shittim.

6:9 Hebrew “Listen to the rod. / Who appointed it?”

6:10 Hebrew of using the short ephah? The ephah was a unit for measuring grain.

7:12 Hebrew the river.

7:13 Or earth.

7:14 Or surrounded by a fruitful land.

1:8 As in Greek version; Hebrew reads sweep away her place.

1:15 Verse 1:15 is numbered 2:1 in Hebrew text.

2:1 Verses 2:1-13 are numbered 2:2-14 in Hebrew text.

2:3 Greek and Syriac versions read into position, / the horses whipped into a frenzy.

2:13 Hebrew young lions.

3:8 Hebrew No-amon; also in 3:10.

3:9 Hebrew Cush.

3:10 Hebrew They cast lots.

3:17 Or princes.

1:5 Greek version reads Look, you mockers; / look and be amazed and die. Compare Acts 13:41.

1:6 Or Chaldeans.

1:8 Or leopards.

2:1 As in Syriac version; Hebrew reads I.

2:3b-4 Greek version reads If the vision is delayed, wait patiently, / for it will surely come and not delay. / 4I will take no pleasure in anyone who turns away. / But the righteous person will live by my faith. Compare Rom 1:17; Gal 3:11; Heb 10:37-38.

2:5a As in Dead Sea Scroll 1QpHab; other Hebrew manuscripts read Wine.

2:5b Hebrew as Sheol.

2:16 Dead Sea Scrolls and Greek and Syriac versions read and stagger!

3:1 Hebrew adds according to shigionoth, probably indicating the musical setting for the prayer.

3:3a Hebrew Teman.

3:3b Hebrew adds selah; also in 3:9, 13. The meaning of this Hebrew term is uncertain; it is probably a musical or literary term.

3:6 Or The ancient paths belong to him.

3:16 Hebrew Decay entered my bones.

3:19 Or He gives me the speed of a deer.

1:3 The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain.

1:5 Hebrew Malcam, a variant spelling of Molech; or it could possibly mean their king.

1:7 Hebrew has prepared a sacrifice and sanctified his guests.

1:10 Or the Second Quarter, a newer section of Jerusalem. Hebrew reads the Mishneh.

1:11 Or in the valley, a lower section of Jerusalem. Hebrew reads the Maktesh.

1:18 Or the people living in the land.

2:5 Hebrew Kerethites.

2:12 Hebrew Cushites.

3:10 Hebrew Cush.

3:17 Or He will be silent in his love. Greek and Syriac versions read He will renew you with his love.

3:18 The meaning of the Hebrew for this verse is uncertain.

1:1a Hebrew On the first day of the sixth month, of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar. A number of dates in Haggai can be cross-checked with dates in surviving Persian records and related accurately to our modern calendar. This event occurred on August 29, 520 B.C.

1:1b Hebrew Joshua, a variant spelling of Jeshua; also in 1:12, 14.

1:15 Hebrew on the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month, of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar. This event occurred on September 21, 520 B.C.; also see note on 1:1a.

2:1 Hebrew on the twenty-first day of the seventh month, of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar. This event (in the second year of Darius’s reign) occurred on October 17, 520 B.C.; also see note on 1:1a.

2:2 Hebrew Joshua, a variant spelling of Jeshua; also in 2:4.

2:10 Hebrew On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar (similarly in 2:18). This event occurred on December 18, 520 B.C.; also see note on 1:1a.

2:18 Or On this eighteenth day of December, think about the day.

2:19 Hebrew Is the seed yet in the barn?

2:20 Hebrew On the twenty-fourth day of the [ninth] month; see note on 2:10.

1:1 Hebrew In the eighth month. A number of dates in Zechariah can be cross-checked with dates in surviving Persian records and related accurately to our modern calendar. This month of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar occurred within the months of October and November 520 B.C.

1:7 Hebrew On the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, the month of Shebat, in the second year of Darius. This event occurred on February 15, 519 B.C.; also see note on 1:1.

1:16 Hebrew and the measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem.

1:18 Verses 1:18-21 are numbered 2:1-4 in Hebrew text.

2:1 Verses 2:1-13 are numbered 2:5-17 in Hebrew text.

2:8a The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain.

2:8b Hebrew Anyone who touches you touches the pupil of his eye.

2:10 Hebrew O daughter of Zion.

3:1a Hebrew Joshua, a variant spelling of Jeshua; also in 3:3, 4, 6, 8, 9.

3:1b Hebrew The satan; similarly in 3:2.

3:9 Hebrew seven eyes.

4:7 Hebrew ‘Grace, grace to it.’

4:10 Or The seven facets (see 3:9); Hebrew reads These seven.

4:14 Or two heavenly beings; Hebrew reads two sons of fresh oil.

5:2 Hebrew 20 cubits [9.2 meters] long and 10 cubits [4.6 meters] wide.

5:6a Hebrew an ephah [20 quarts or 22 liters]; also in 5:7, 8, 9, 10, 11.

5:6b As in Greek version; Hebrew reads the appearance.

5:11 Hebrew the land of Shinar.

6:5 Or the four winds.

6:6 Hebrew is going after them.

6:8 Hebrew have given my Spirit rest.

6:11 Hebrew Joshua, a variant spelling of Jeshua.

6:13 Or There will be a priest by his throne.

6:14a As in Syriac version (compare 6:10); Hebrew reads Helem.

6:14b As in Syriac version (compare 6:10); Hebrew reads Hen.

7:1 Hebrew On the fourth day of the ninth month, the month of Kislev, of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar. This event occurred on December 7, 518 B.C.; also see note on 1:1.

7:2 Or Bethel-sharezer had sent Regemmelech.

7:3 Hebrew mourn and fast in the fifth month. The Temple had been destroyed in the fifth month of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar (August 586 B.C.); see 2 Kgs 25:8.

7:5 Hebrew fasted and mourned in the fifth and seventh months. The fifth month of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar usually occurs within the months of July and August. The seventh month usually occurs within the months of September and October; both the Day of Atonement and the Festival of Shelters were celebrated in the seventh month.

7:7 Hebrew the Shephelah.

8:19 Hebrew in the fourth, fifth, seventh, and tenth months. The fourth month of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar usually occurs within the months of June and July. The fifth month usually occurs within the months of July and August. The seventh month usually occurs within the months of September and October. The tenth month usually occurs within the months of December and January.

9:1a Hebrew An Oracle: The message.

9:1b Hebrew land of Hadrach.

9:7 Hebrew like a leader in Judah.

9:9a Hebrew O daughter of Zion!

9:9b Hebrew and is being vindicated.

9:10a Hebrew Ephraim, referring to the northern kingdom of Israel; also in 9:13.

9:10b Hebrew the river.

9:10c Or the end of the land.

9:13a Hebrew Zion.

9:13b Hebrew the sons of Javan.

10:3 Or these male goats.

10:6 Hebrew save the house of Joseph.

10:7 Hebrew of Ephraim.

10:11 Or the sea of Egypt, referring to the Red Sea.

10:12 Hebrew In the LORD.

11:13 Syriac version reads into the treasury; also in 11:13b. Compare Matt 27:6-10.

12:1 Hebrew An Oracle: This.

12:10 Or the Spirit.

13:6 Hebrew wounds between your hands?

14:5a The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain.

14:5b As in Greek version; Hebrew reads with you.

14:6 Hebrew the precious ones shall diminish; or the precious ones and frost. The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain.

14:8 Hebrew half toward the eastern sea and half toward the western sea.

14:18 As in some Hebrew manuscripts and Greek and Syriac versions; Masoretic Text reads will not punish.

14:21 Hebrew Canaanites.

1:1a Hebrew An Oracle: The message.

1:1b Malachi means “my messenger.”

1:7 As in Greek version; Hebrew reads defiled you?

1:11a Or will be honored.

1:11b Or will offer.

2:12 Hebrew from the tents of Jacob. The names “Jacob” and “Israel” are often interchanged throughout the Old Testament, referring sometimes to the individual patriarch and sometimes to the nation.

2:15 Or Didn’t the one LORD make us and preserve our life and breath? or Didn’t the one LORD make her, both flesh and spirit? The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain.

2:16a Hebrew For he hates divorcing.

2:16b Hebrew to cover one’s garment with violence.

3:11 Hebrew from the devourer.

4:1 Verses 4:1-6 are numbered 3:19-24 in Hebrew text.

4:2 Or the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings.

4:4 Hebrew Horeb, another name for Sinai.