Glossary

AA – Anti-Aircraft.

Agent de liaison – An agent acting as a courier within a resistance network.

Arbeitstatistik – Office responsible for delegating work to prisoners.

Armistice Army – The French army of 100,000 men allowed under the terms of the German occupation.

Armée Secrète (AS) – The military wing of the Mouvements Unis de la Résistance.

Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) – A non-combatant military support service staffed by women.

BCRA – Bureau Central des Renseignements et d'Action, de Gaulle's Free French intelligence and resistance organization.

BEF – British Expeditionary Force.

Blockältester – Block Elder.

CD – SOE's Executive Director.

CNR – Conseil National de Résistance, a national council of resistance instigated by Jean Moulin in 1943.

Combat – A major resistance movement in the unoccupied zone.

Control Commission for Germany – Responsible for the post-war administration of Germany.

D/F – Direction-finding.

DF Section – SOE department responsible for organizing escape routes out of France.

DGSS – Direction Générale des Services Spéciales, the unified French secret service formed in November 1943.

Effektenkammer – Storehouse for prisoners’ belongings.

Electra House – A department of the Foreign Office in charge of propaganda. After breaking away from SOE in 1941 it became known as the Political Warfare Executive (PWE).

EU/P Section – SOE department to coordinate Polish resistance in France.

F Section – SOE department responsible for operations in France.

FANY – First Aid Nursing Yeomanry, a female civilian auxiliary service.

Feldgendarmerie – German military police.

FFI – Forces Françaises Interieurs, a French military organization commanded by General Koenig.

Franc-Tireur – French left-wing resistance group.

Front National – French communist resistance movement.

FTP – Franc-Tireurs et Partisans, the military wing of the Front National.

Gestapo – Geheime Staatspolizei, the SS secret security police.

GHQ – General Headquarters.

GL – Gun Laying.

GMR – Groupes Mobiles de la Réserve, mobile assault brigades attached to the Vichy police.

Guardia Civil – Spanish national paramilitary police force.

Hauptscharführer – Company Sergeant Major.*

Hauptsturmführer – Captain.*

Lagerältester – Camp Elder.

Letter box – Use of an agent or secret location to pass on messages within a resistance network.

Libération-Nord – Resistance movement in the occupied zone.

Libération-Sud – Left-wing resistance group in southern France.

LNA – Légion Nord-Africaine – an auxiliary police force consisting of Moroccans, Tunisians and Algerians, recruited by French gangster and SD collaborator Henri Lafont.

LDV – Land Defence Volunteers – a civil defence force (later renamed the Home Guard).

LOP – Letter One-Time Pad.

Luftwaffe – German Air Force.

Maquis – French resistance guerrilla groups.

Milice – Vichy paramilitary organization.

MI 5 – British internal security service.

MI 6 – British secret service, also known as the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS).

MI 9 – Responsible for aiding escape and evasion across occupied Europe.

MI R – A department of the War Office set up to research guerrilla warfare.

MUR – Mouvements Unis de la Résistance, a united Gaullist resistance movement formed from Combat, Libération-Sud and Franc-Tireur.

NAAFI – Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes, a trading and recreational organization serving the British Armed Forces.

NN – Nacht und Nebel (Night and Fog), a Nazi directive to deport political prisoners secretly to Germany.

NCO – Non-Commissioned Officer.

Oberführer – Approximately equivalent to the rank of Brigadier.*

Obersturmführer – Lieutenant.*

OCM – Organisation Civile et Militaire, a resistance movement mainly composed of civil servants and army officers.

OCTU – Officer Cadet Training Unit.

ORA – Organisation de la Résistance de l'Armée, a resistance movement formed from officers of the French armistice army.

Playfair – A substitution cipher used by SOE and SIS agents.

POW – Prisoner of War.

PWE – See Electra House.

R5 – A designated military region covering Limoges and the Limousin.

RAF – Royal Air Force.

RAOC – Royal Army Ordnance Corps.

Relève – The exchange of French prisoners of war for civilian labour in Germany during 1942–3.

REME – Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers.

RF – Section SOE's Free French section.

Section D – A department of SIS responsible for research into sabotage and subversion in occupied Europe.

SFIO – Section Française de l'International Ouvrière, the French socialist party.

Sicherheitsdienst – SD, the SS counter-intelligence service.

SIS – Secret Intelligence Service.

SOE – Special Operations Executive.

SS – Schutzstaffel, the Nazi organization in charge of policing and state security.

STO – Service du Travail Obligatoire, the compulsory labour scheme to provide Germany with French workers from February 1943.

STS – Special Training School.

Stubendienst – Room/barrack orderly.

Sturmbannführer – Major.*

TR – Travaux Ruraux, an undercover French military counter-intelligence service working against the Nazis.

UHF – Ultra High Frequency.

Untersturmführer – Second Lieutenant.*

VHF – Very High Frequency.

Vichy – The French government under occupation, led by Maréchal Pétain.

Volkssturm – Nazi militia.

Waffen-SS – The military arm of the SS.

W/T – Wireless telegraphy.

Wehrmacht – German armed forces.

Zone non-occupé – The southern ‘free’ zone of France under Vichy rule.

Zone occupé – The northern half of France occupied by the Germans.

* Ranks given are equivalents in the British Army.