References
2 Stimson, Roland H., Alexandra M. Johnstone, Natalie Z M Homer, Deborah J. Wake, Nicholas M. Morton, Ruth Andrew, Gerald E. Lobley, and Brian R. Walker. “Dietary Macronutrient Content Alters Cortisol Metabolism Independently of Body Weight Changes in Obese Men.” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. September 4, 2007. Accessed April 25, 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17785367 .
3 Ebbeling, Cara B., Janis F. Swain, Henry A. Feldman, William W. Wong, David L. Hachey, Erica Garcia-Lago, and David S. Ludwig. “Effects of Dietary Composition on Energy Expenditure during Weight-loss Maintenance.” JAMA. June 27, 2012. Accessed April 25, 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22735432 .
4 Lally, Phillippa, Cornelia H. M. van Jaarsveld, Henry W. W. Potts, and Jane Wardle. 2009. “How Are Habits Formed: Modelling Habit Formation in the Real World.” European Journal of Social Psychology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. July 16, 2009. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ejsp.674 .
5 Mergenthaler, Philipp, Ute Lindauer, Gerald A. Dienel, and Andreas Meisel. “Sugar for the Brain: The Role of Glucose in Physiological and Pathological Brain Function.” Trends in Neurosciences. October 2013. Accessed April 25, 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3900881/ .
7 Webber, J., and I. A. Macdonald. “The Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Hormonal Changes Accompanying Acute Starvation in Men and Women.” The British Journal of Nutrition. March 1994. Accessed April 25, 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8172872 .
8 Mansell, P. I., and I. A. Macdonald. “The Effect of Starvation on Insulin-induced Glucose Disposal and Thermogensis in Humans.” Metabolism Clinical and Experimental. 1990. Accessed April 25, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(90)90009-2 .
10 Tatiana Moro, Grant Tinsley, Antonino Bianco, Giuseppe Marcolin, Quirico Francesco Pacelli, Giuseppe Battaglia, Antonio Palma, Paulo Gentil, Marco Neri, and Antonio Paoli. “Effects of Eight Weeks of Time-restricted Feeding (16/8) on Basal Metabolism, Maximal Strength, Body Composition, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Resistance-trained Males.” Journal of Translational Medicine. October 13, 2016. Accessed April 25, 2019. https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-016-1044-0 .
11 Gotthardt, Juliet D., Jessica L. Verpeut, Bryn L. Yeomans, Jennifer A. Yang, Ali Yasrebi, Troy A. Roepke, and Nicholas T. Bello. “Intermittent Fasting Promotes Fat Loss With Lean Mass Retention, Increased Hypothalamic Norepinephrine Content, and Increased Neuropeptide Y Gene Expression in Diet-Induced Obese Male Mice.” Endocrinology. February 2016. Accessed June 04, 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26653760 .
14 Zauner, Schneeweiss, Bruno, Kranz, Alexander, Madl, Ratheiser, Klaus, Kramer, Ludwig, Roth, Erich, Schneider, Barbara, Lenz, Kurt, and Christian. “Resting Energy Expenditure in Short-term Starvation Is Increased as a Result of an Increase in Serum Norepinephrine.” OUP Academic. June 01, 2000. Accessed April 25, 2019. https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/71/6/1511/4729485 .
15 Heilbronn, Leonie K., Steven R. Smith, Corby K. Martin, Stephen D. Anton, and Eric Ravussin. “Alternate-day Fasting in Nonobese Subjects: Effects on Body Weight, Body Composition, and Energy Metabolism.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. January 2005. Accessed April 25, 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15640462 .
16 Trapp, E. G., D. J. Chisholm, J. Freund, and S. H. Boutcher. “The Effects of High-intensity Intermittent Exercise Training on Fat Loss and Fasting Insulin Levels of Young Women.” International Journal of Obesity (2005). April 2008. Accessed June 04, 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18197184 .
17 Halagappa, Veerendra Kumar Madala, Zhihong Guo, Michelle Pearson, Yasuji Matsuoka, Roy G Cutler, Frank M Laferla, and Mark P Mattson. 2007. “Intermittent Fasting and Caloric Restriction Ameliorate Age-Related Behavioral Deficits in the Triple-Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.” Neurobiology of Disease. U.S. National Library of Medicine. April 2007. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17306982 .
18 Catterson, James H, Mobina Khericha, Miranda C Dyson, Alec J Vincent, Rebecca Callard, Steven M Haveron, Arjunan Rajasingam, Mumtaz Ahmad, and Linda Partridge. 2018. “Short-Term, Intermittent Fasting Induces Long-Lasting Gut Health and TOR-Independent Lifespan Extension.” Current Biology : CB. Cell Press. June 4, 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5988561/ .
21 Harvie, M. N., M. Pegington, M. P. Mattson, J. Frystyk, B. Dillon, G. Evans, J. Cuzick, S. A. Jebb, B. Martin, R. G. Cutler, T. G. Son, S. Maudsley, O. D. Carlson, J. M. Egan, A. Flyvbjerg, and A. Howell. “The Effects of Intermittent or Continuous Energy Restriction on Weight Loss and Metabolic Disease Risk Markers: A Randomized Trial in Young Overweight Women.” International Journal of Obesity (2005). May 2011. Accessed April 26, 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20921964 .
23 Alirezaei, Mehrdad, Christopher C. Kemball, Claudia T. Flynn, Malcolm R. Wood, J. Lindsay Whitton, and William B. Kiosses. “Short-term Fasting Induces Profound Neuronal Autophagy.” Autophagy. August 16, 2010. Accessed April 26, 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3106288/ .
27 Ho, K. Y., J. D. Veldhuis, M. L. Johnson, R. Furlanetto, W. S. Evans, K. G. Alberti, and M. O. Thorner. “Fasting Enhances Growth Hormone Secretion and Amplifies the Complex Rhythms of Growth Hormone Secretion in Man.” The Journal of Clinical Investigation. April 1988. Accessed April 26, 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC329619/ .
29 Moro, Tatiana, Grant Tinsley, Antonino Bianco, Giuseppe Marcolin, Quirico Francesco Pacelli, Giuseppe Battaglia, Antonio Palma, Paulo Gentil, Marco Neri, and Antonio Paoli. “Effects of Eight Weeks of Time-restricted Feeding (16/8) on Basal Metabolism, Maximal Strength, Body Composition, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Resistance-trained Males.” Journal of Translational Medicine. October 13, 2016. Accessed April 26, 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27737674 .
30 Klempel, Monica C., Cynthia M. Kroeger, Surabhi Bhutani, John F. Trepanowski, and Krista A. Varady. “Intermittent Fasting Combined with Calorie Restriction Is Effective for Weight Loss and Cardio-protection in Obese Women.” Nutrition Journal. November 21, 2012. Accessed April 26, 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23171320 .
31 Suez, Jotham, Tal Korem, David Zeevi, Gili Zilberman-Schapira, Christoph A. Thaiss, Ori Maza, David Israeli, Niv Zmora, Shlomit Gilad, Adina Weinberger, Yael Kuperman, Alon Harmelin, Ilana Kolodkin-Gal, Hagit Shapiro, Zamir Halpern, Eran Segal, and Eran Elinav. “Artificial Sweeteners Induce Glucose Intolerance by Altering the Gut Microbiota.” Nature. October 09, 2014. Accessed April 26, 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25231862 .
32 Martin, Bronwen, Michele Pearson, Lisa Kebejian, Erin Golden, Alex Keselman, Meredith Bender, Olga Carlson, Josephine Egan, Bruce Ladenheim, Jean-Lud Cadet, Kevin G. Becker, William Wood, Kara Duffy, Prabhu Vinayakumar, Stuart Maudsley, and Mark P. Mattson. “Sex-dependent Metabolic, Neuroendocrine, and Cognitive Responses to Dietary Energy Restriction and Excess.” Endocrinology. September 2007. Accessed April 26, 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569758 .
34 Feskanich, Diane, ScD, Walter C. Willett, MD, DrPH,, Meir J. Stampfer, MD, DrPH,, and Graham A. Colditz, MD, DrPH,. “Milk, Dietary Calcium, and Bone Fractures in Women: A 12-Year Prospective Study.” The Journal of Public Health87, no. 6 (June 1997): 992-97. Accessed April 26, 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1380936/pdf/amjph00505-0106.pdf .
36 Jiang, Lihong, Barbara Irene Gulanski, Henk M. De Feyter, Stuart A. Weinzimer, Brian Pittman, Elizabeth Guidone, Julia Koretski, Susan Harman, Ismene L. Petrakis, John H. Krystal, and Graeme F. Mason. “Increased Brain Uptake and Oxidation of Acetate in Heavy Drinkers.” The Journal of Clinical Investigation. April 01, 2013. Accessed April 26, 2019. https://www.jci.org/articles/view/65153 .
37 Terés, S., G. Barceló-Coblijn, M. Benet, R. Alvarez, R. Bressani, J. E. Halver, and P. V. Escribá. “Oleic Acid Content Is Responsible for the Reduction in Blood Pressure Induced by Olive Oil.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. September 16, 2008. Accessed April 30, 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772370/ .
Other Articles to Consider
Blackman, Marc R., John D. Sorkin, Thomas Münzer, Michele F. Bellantoni, Jan Busby-Whitehead, Thomas E. Stevens, Jocelyn Jayme, Kieran G. O'Connor, Colleen Christmas, Jordan D. Tobin, Kerry J. Stewart, Ernest Cottrell, Carol St Clair, Katharine M. Pabst, and S. Mitchell Harman. “Growth Hormone and Sex Steroid Administration in Healthy Aged Women and Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” JAMA. November 13, 2002. Accessed April 26, 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12425705 .
Rudman, D., A. G. Feller, H. S. Nagraj, G. A. Gergans, P. Y. Lalitha, A. F. Goldberg, R. A. Schlenker, L. Cohn, I. W. Rudman, and D. E. Mattson. “Effects of Human Growth Hormone in Men over 60 Years Old.” The New England Journal of Medicine. July 05, 1990. Accessed April 26, 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2355952 .