Index

acidity

of oceans, 53, 55–56

acid rain, 65, 70

aerosols, 63, 65–66, 77–78, 81

air pollution, 32–34, 73

air quality index (AQI), 33

albedo, 63–64, 67–68, 77, 81

algal blooms, 57–59

alternative energy, 23, 26

Amazon rain forest

destruction of, 37–38

atmosphere, 6, 8, 26–27, 34, 36–37, 48–53, 63–66, 75, 77

greenhouse gases in, 10–11, 14–20, 23–25, 41–44, 46, 54–56, 70, 81

layers of, 12–13, 20

biochar, 42

biomass, 24–25, 41–44, 77

carbon, forms of, 59

carbon cycles

biological, 15–17, 26, 36, 41, 51, 54, 60

geological, 47, 48–51, 55, 59

carbon dioxide, 10, 14–17, 20, 22–23, 27–28, 34–37, 43–45, 48–50, 52–53, 54, 56–59, 63, 70–71, 81

carbon removal systems, 46

carbon sinks, 36–38, 40, 47, 50, 55

Carbon XPrize, 46

climate change, 5

affects on weather, 6–7, 10, 18–19, 60, 80

causes of, 10–11, 18, 37, 82

combating of, 19, 23–28, 34, 38–39, 41–45, 47, 51, 57, 63, 81–83

human adaption to, 81

international agreements, 14, 75–77

clouds, 10–12, 18, 27, 50, 61–63, 65, 69

brightening of, 67–68

thickening of, 67–68

cloud seeding, 77

history of, 28–29

and 2008 Olympics, 30

corals, 19, 48–49, 53, 55

bleaching of, 22–23, 57

reef formation by, 21–22

deforestation, 36, 38–39

direct carbon capture (DCC), 44–45, 81

droughts, 6, 18–19, 27–28, 31, 37, 67, 78, 80–81

ecosystems, 23, 34, 36, 38, 40, 46, 57, 78

flooding, 6, 8, 18–19, 27, 29, 31, 35, 40, 67, 78, 80–81

food chain, 60

forest fires, 18

forests, 15, 20, 27–28, 34–35, 51, 77

as carbon sinks, 36–38, 40

logging of, 36–38

fossil fuels, 6, 14–17, 20, 23–24, 26, 28, 33, 37, 39–44, 46, 51, 53, 55–56, 59, 70, 73–76, 81–82

glaciers, melting of, 7–8, 10, 19

Global Thermostat, 44–45, 83

Great Barrier Reef, 21–23

greenhouse effect, 10–11

greenhouse gases, 10–11, 14–15, 18–20, 27, 73, 81–82

Greenland, 7–10, 68

hydrocarbons, 34, 59

Iceland, 10

Industrial Revolution, 14, 27, 56

limestone, 21, 48–50, 55, 59

methane, 10, 14–15, 44, 82

Mount Pinatubo, 61–63, 77

nitrous oxide, 10, 15, 34

oceans, 10, 16–17, 24, 29, 47–53, 54, 65, 71, 74

acidification of, 53, 56

as carbon sinks, 37, 46, 54–56

as ecosystems, 57, 60

fertilization with iron, 58–59, 81

microbubbles in, 68

warming of, 8, 11, 14, 18–19, 23, 60

olivine, 52–53

ozone layer, 10, 12–13, 34, 65, 66, 70

particulates, 33–34, 63

Petra Nova Carbon Capture Project, 44

photosynthesis, 15, 16–17, 20, 22, 27, 34, 37, 41, 54, 57–58

phytoplankton, 60

and absorption of carbon, 48, 54–55, 57–58

skeletons of, 48, 55, 59

reforestation, 27, 34, 39–40, 46, 71, 81–82

renewable energy, 24–26, 70, 73–75, 82

rock weathering, 50

sea levels, 8, 79–80, 83

smog, 34, 71

solar power, 23, 25, 34, 69–70, 74

solar radiation management (SRM), 63, 65, 67–68, 70–71, 76–77, 79, 81

space mirrors, 27, 68–69, 77, 81

tectonic plates, 48–49, 55

tree-planting projects, 82–83

volcanoes, 61–63, 77–78

and carbon cycle, 48–50

water cycle, 35–36, 38

water vapor, 8, 10, 12, 18, 63, 67

weather extremes, 27

weather modification

computer modeling of, 31

history of, 28–31

weaponization of, 31, 78

wind power, 23, 25–26, 34, 74