List of Illustrative Material

KEY CONCEPTS

Anti-Semitism

Authoritarianism

Capitalism

Christian democracy

Collectivism

Communism

Communitarianism

Cosmopolitanism

Fascism

Future generations

Gaia hypothesis

Identity politics

Ideology

Imperialism

Individualism

Industrialism

Internationalism

Keynesianism

Liberal democracy

Libertarianism

Neoconservatism

Neoliberalism

New Left

Paternalism

Patriotism

Pluralism

Populism

Postcolonialism

Post-materialism

Pragmatism

Racism

Rationalism

Religious fundamentalism

Republicanism

Social democracy

Sustainable development

Toryism

Tragedy of the commons

Utilitarianism

Utopianism

Zionism

KEY FIGURES

Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–97)

Betty Friedan (1921–2006)

John Locke (1632–1704)

John Stuart Mill (1806–73)

John Rawls (1921–2002)

Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679)

Michael Oakeshott (1901–90)

Edmund Burke (1729–97)

Ayn Rand (1905–82)

Robert Nozick (1938–2002)

Karl Marx (1818–83)

Beatrice Webb (1859–1947)

Friedrich Engels (1820–95)

Rosa Luxemburg (1871–1919)

Anthony Crosland (1918–77)

Anthony Giddens (born 1938)

Emma Goldman (1869–1940)

Mikhail Bakunin (1814–76)

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809–65)

Peter Kropotkin (1842–1921)

Max Stirner (1806–56)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–78)

Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803)

Marcus Garvey (1887–1940)

Giuseppe Mazzini (1805–72)

Charles Maurras (1868–1952)

Kate Millett (born 1934)

Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860–1935)

Sheila Rowbotham (born 1943)

Simone de Beauvoir (1908–86)

bell hooks (born 1952)

Rachel Carson (1907–64)

Ernst Friedrich (‘Fritz’) Schumacher (1911–77)

Murray Bookchin (1921–2006)

Carolyn Merchant (born 1936)

Aldo Leopold (1887–1948)

Will Kymlicka (born 1962)

Charles Taylor (born 1931)

Tariq Modood (born 1952)

Isaiah Berlin (1909–97)

Bhikhu Parekh (born 1935)

PERSPECTIVES ON …

Freedom

Democracy

Human nature

Society

Equality

The economy

The state

The nation

Gender

Nature

Culture

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN …

Classical and modern liberalism

Paternalistic and libertarian conservatism

Neoliberalism and neoconservatism

Communism and social democracy

Social democracy and the third way

Individualist and collectivist anarchism

Civic and ethnocultural nationalism

Liberal and expansionist nationalism

Equality and difference feminism

Liberal and radical feminism

Shallow and deep ecology

Universalist and pluralist liberalism

FIGURES

1.1Linear spectrum

1.2Horseshoe spectrum

1.3Two-dimensional spectrum

4.1Historical materialism

5.1The nature of anarchism

6.1Views of the nation

7.1Radical feminist view of patriarchy

7.2The sexual division of labour

7.3Types of feminism

8.1A pond as an ecosystem

8.2Types of green ideology

9.1Contrasting approaches to social advancement

9.2Liberalism and cultural diversity

9.3Types of multiculturalism