A | B | C | D | E
F | G | H | I | J
K | L | M | N | O
P | Q | R | S | T
U | V | W | X | Y | Z
abolitionists, 366-7, 393-4, 412-13, 459, 466, 473, 479, 518-22, 548-9, 565, 577; attacks against, 514, 518, 519, 522; and Brown, 589-91; and Civil War, 620, 625-6; and fugitive slaves, 393, 522; and Kansas-Nebraska Territory, 544 545-9, 551-2; newspapers of, 511, 514, 518, 521; political action by, 467-70, 521, 562; and religion, 500-1; strategy of, 519-22; women, 400, 403, 412-13; see also slavery
Adams, Abigail, 16-19, 58, 68, 69, 78, 106, 122, 123, 125, 128, 133, 143, 145, 168, 183, 268, 271-2
Adams, Charles, 145
Adams, Charles Francis, 619
Adams, John, 16-18, 24, 28, 35, 43, 66, 78, 91, 138, 161, 191, 227, 235, 267-8, 270-3, 368, 377, 378, 419, 476, 519; approves Alien and Sedition Acts, 125, 127, 138, 226, 263; character of, 106, 109, 146, 224-7, 228, 269; correspondence with Jefferson, 18-19, 226, 271-2; criticism of, 122, 128-30, 138, 271; death of, 273; and Declaration of Independence, 15, 23, 272; election of 1796, 107-9; election of 1800, 145-7, 151-3, 227; and foreign affairs, 100, 120-6; on government, 17-18, 109, 224-6, 272; midnight appointments of, 166, 183-4, 186; presidency of, 109-10, 120-33, 137, 145-6, 147-8, 159, 164, 168, 215, 260, 261, 370, 428; on property rights, 25, 226; reaction to Shays’s Rebellion of, 17-19; vice-presidency of, 68, 69-70, 71, 74, 83, 92, 103; war policy of, 121-6, 128; and XYZ Correspondence, 123
Adams, John Quincy, 17, 169, 170, 209, 232, 259-60, 324, 326, 327, 338, 352, 356, 420, 455; election of 1824, 264-8, 321, 378; election of 1828, 320-3; on Essexmen, 224; in Ghent treaty negotiations, 232-4; Indian policy of, 95, 452; as Minister to England, 235, 245; and Monroe Doctrine, 250-4; and morality in foreign affairs, 253-4; politics of, 228, 269; presidency of, 268-70, 272, 311, 370, 445; and property rights, 27, 268; as Secretary of State, 239, 245, 247-8, 252-4, 264, 440; on slavery issue, 465, 518; and tariff issue, 269-270
Adams, Samuel, 35, 43, 49-51, 74
Adams, Thomas, 143
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819), 248
agriculture, 3-4, 72-3, 256, 274-5, 362, 433, 535; absentee ownership in, 283, 286; competition in, 528-9; and county fairs, 286-7, 308, 528; credit in, 13-14, 276, 285-6; depression in, 274, 328-9, 589; expansion of, 140-1, 526-9, 534; experiments in, 140-1, 278, 284, 286, 529, 530; farm families, 73, 141, 281-2, 293, 394-5; machinery and tools for, 275, 280, 282, 284, 286-7, 295, 307, 308, 394, 430, 527, 530, 533-4, 535; and protective tariff, 269-70; and slavery, 274, 275, 282-5, 301, 302; tenant farmers, 278-9; transportation of products, 276-7, 285, 286, 287, 299, 301-2, 528; see also individual regions
Alabama, 173, 450, 452, 468; migration to, 282, 315; secession of, 597
Alamo, 454-5
Alba, Duke of, 338-9
Albany, NY, 57, 91-2, 296, 298, 304, 370, 440, 603
Albany Regency, 321, 343, 371-3
Alcott, Amos Bronson, 482, 487, 489
Alembert, Jean le Rond d’, 100
Alexander, Capt. Edward, 611
Alexander I, Tsar of Russia, 194
Alexandria, Va., 64-5, 214, 609
Alien and Sedition Acts (1798), 125-33, 138, 141, 184, 215, 226, 230, 263, 330; see also Kentucky resolution; Virginia resolution
Alison, Francis, 111
Allegheny Portage Railroad, 304, 316, 352
Allen, Charles, 472
Allen, John, 127
Allen, Samuel Clesson, 361
Allston, Washington, 489
Alton Observer, 518
American Colonization Society, 329, 366, 468
American Indians, 4-7, 176, 178, 333, 370, 451-4, 621; as ally of Britain, 6, 96, 207, 216, 233-4; culture and governments of, 452-4; depredations against and removal of, 449, 450, 452-4; and federal government, 5-6, 55, 95-7, 180, 451-4, 543; inequality, political and social, of, 362, 383, 410, 453-, 519, 597; of Latin America, 244; uprisings by and wars with, 6, 27, 93, 94, 95-7, 207, 452, 456; in War of 1812, 211, 212-13, 216-17, 452; in West, 178-83, 207, 471; see also individual peoples
American national character, 8-9, 21; chauvinism in, 207-9, 237-5, 445-9, 454, 457, 458, 536, 538; Dickens’ assessment of, 317, 353; escapism in, 438, 443; Europeans on, 317-18, 353-4, 448, 536-7; on frontier, 207, 317-18, 477; ideological divisions in, 547-8; self-image of, 26, 237; speed mania in, 432; Tocqueville’s assessment of, 355-7, 449-50
American Philosophical Society, 22, 111, 116, 161, 179
American Revolution, 6, 13, 23, 25, 28, 99-100, 149, 220-1, 222, 480, 571
Ames, Fisher, 49, 84, 104, 147, 161, 218, 229
Anderson, Maj. Robert, 606-7
Andover Theological Seminary, 477, 508
Anglicans, 7, 111, 112, 257, 494
Annapolis Convention (1786), 16, 28
Antietam Creek, Battle of, 624
Anti-Federalists, 26, 29, 60-2, 68, 79, 82, 85, 89, 369; and ratification of Constitution, 43-4, 46-58; see also Republican party (Jeffersonian)
Anti-Masons, 334, 336, 341, 373, 380-1, 423, 437
antislavery movement, see abolitionists Brown, John; Conscience Whigs; Free Soil movement; Republican party; Stowe, Harriet Beecher; and other individuals and organizations
Appleton, Nathan, 292, 294, 437
Archilochus, 379
Argus of Western America, 326
Ankara Indians, 180-1
Arista, Gen. Mariano, 461
Aristotle, 29
Arizona, 464
Arkansas, 242, 453, 530, 608, 621
Arkwright, Richard, 291
armaments industry, 216, 287-9, 290-1, 534
arms, 179-80; right to bear, 90
Armstrong, John, 212-13
Army, U.S., 124, 201, 215; in Indian wars, 96, 452; in Mexican War, 460-4; in War of 1812, 210-11, 212-13, 214; see also Union Army Articles of Confederation, 6, 23, 25, 39, 85, 261; Congress under, 16, 17, 43, 76, 96; faults of, 26, 29, 44; proposed Revision of, 28-9, 34, 49,
assembly, freedom of, 55, 90, 91, 130
Astor, John Jacob, 429
Atchison, David R., 544
Atlantic Monthly, The, 588
Aupaumut, Capt. Hendrick, 96
Austerlitz, Battle of, 194-5, 197
Austin, Moses, 454
Austin, Stephen F., 454
Bache, Benjamin, 108-9, 122, 128-9
Back, H. E, 397
Bagley, Sarah, 397-400
Bailyn, Bernard, 117
Baker, Edward Dickinson, 620
Baldwin, James, 527
Baldwin, Luther, 129
Ball, Burgess, 99
Baltimore, Md., 65, 259, 333-4, 337, 342, 380, 393, 431, 469, 536, 560, 592-3, 604, 616, 619; in War of 1812, 214-15
Baltimore Patriot, 513-14
Baltimore Sun, 514
banking, 14, 80, 285-6, 295-6; and federal government, 86, 424-5, legislation, 339-40, 424-6, 435; and Panic of 1857, 588-9; state system, 236, 344-5· 373, 374, see also United States Bank
Bank of New York, 80
Baptists, 7, 24, 257, 373, 439, 494-5, 496-7, 514
Barber, Benjamin, 140
Barlow, Joel, 297
Barnard, Henry, 505-7
Bates, Edward, 593-4, 604, 626
Bayard, James. 232-3
Beaumont, Gustave de, 354
Beauregard, Gen. Pierre G. T, 606, 609-11
Bee, Gen. Barnard, 610
Beecher, Catharine, 507-8
Beecher, Henry Ward, 546
Belgium, 438
Bellevue, N.Y.C., 407
Benjamin, Judah, 612-13
Bennett, James Gordon, 513, 515
Benson, Lee, 373
Benton, Thomas Hart, 208, 242, 321, 327-8, 343-4, 358, 421, 425, 458, 473, 544, 560
Berlin, 416
Berlin, Isaiah, 379
Bernard, John, 256
Bestor, Arthur, 442
Biddle, Nicholas, 239, 335, 337-9, 340, 347, 361, 373, 378, 445, 46, 513
Biddle, Owen, 117
Billings (Adams’s hired man), 106
Bill of Rights, 89-90, 91, 125, 130, 134, 141, 493, 511; absence of, in Constitution, 42, 50, 51, 53-5, 57, 59, 60, 69; in state constitutions, 60, 89, 134, 511
Birkbeck, Morris, 315-16
Birney, James G., 468
Bismarck, Otto von, 531
black Americans, 7, 81; African culture of, 149, 387, 568; colonization of, 360, 366-7, 394, 468, 500, 626; education of, 111, 115; and Emancipation Proclamation, 625-8; employment of, 406, 408, 409; equal rights for, 510; inequality of and prejudice against, 114, 142, 263, 356, 362, 365, 383, 384, 392-4, 407, 410, 469, 510, 519, 548, 564, 572, 576, 584-7, 597, 623; leadership of, 149-51, 387, 391-2, 394-5, 415; suffrage for, 392; urban, 80-1, 114, 116; see also slavery
Black Hawk, 452
Blackstone, Sir William, 363
Blair, Francis Preston, 326, 332, 375
Bledsoe, Albert Taylor, 573
Bliss, George, Jr., 432
Bloomington, Ill., 555, 558, 622-3
Bogardus, James, 534
book publishing, 588
Boorstin, Daniel, 429
Boston, 7, 8, 50, 235, 240, 337-8, 339, 361, 403, 429-30, 480, 508, 512, 514, 518-19, 529, 549-550, 589: Dickens on, 351, 352; as financial center, 220, 296; Jubilee of 1826 in, 270, 273; politics in, 74, 161, 220, 435-5, 545; as port city, 220, 276, 373, 374, 432, 536; religion in, 476, 483, 499; society and culture in, 14, 220-21, 222-3, 355, 393, 408-9, 435-7, 478, 481, 482, 589; Washington’s visit to, 73-4; see also New England
Boston American Herald, 50
Boston Associates, 292-6
Boston Courier, 434
Boston Daily Times, 514
Boston Gazette, 99
Boston Independent Chronicle, 139, 188-9
Boston Post, 514
Boston Statesman, 374
Boston Transcript, 512
Bowdoin, James, 14, 33, 35, 49
Bowie, James, 455
Bowler, Jack, 149-50
Bozeman, Theodore Dwight, 492
Bradford, David, 98
Bradford, William, 110
Bragg, Braxton, 464
Brant, Irving, 168
Brant, Joseph, 6
Breckinridge, John, 186
Breckinridge, John C, 592, 597, 614
Bridger, Jim, 455
Brisbane, Albert, 442-3
British Honduras, 540
Brook Farm, Mass., 443, 489, 491
Brooks, Preston S., 552, 565, 566
Brooks, Van Wyck, 222, 482, 488
Brown, Jacob, 213
Brown, Joseph, 613
Brown, Moses, 292
Brown, Paul, 442
Brown College, 74
Browning, Orville, 558
Bruchey, Stuart, 433
Bryant, William Cullen, 201, 547, 588, 594, 596; Thanatopsis, 477
Buchanan, James, 421, 458; and Dred Scott decision, 577-8, 582-3; in election of 1856, 559-62; Minister in London, 536, 538, 539; presidency of, 563, 578-80, 589, 591, 599, 603, 606
Buell, Don Carlos, 621
Buena Vista, Mexico, 462
Buffalo, N.Y., 302-3, 446, 470, 532
Buffalo Republic, 547
Bulfinch, Charles, 217, 220, 430, 478
Bull, Ephraim, 529
Bull Run, Battle of, 609-12, 615, 623, 624
Bulwer-Lytton, Henry, 540
Burnet, John, 129
Burns, Anthony, 549-50
Burns, Robert, 223
Burnside, Gen. Ambrose, 621, 626
Burr, Aaron: duel with Hamilton, 192, 193, 196; and election of 1796, 107-9; and election of 1800, 145, 147, 152-5, 196, 230, 378; treason trial of, 202-3; as vice-president, 159, 192; western conspiracy of, 196-7, 319
business, 533-5; criticism of, 485; investment in, 531, 534; and law profession, 436; and Panic of 1857, 588-9; and political parties, 427, 435-7, 593; power of, 347-8; see also capitalism; industry; labor
Butler, Franklin, 371
Butler, Pierce, 413
Byllesby, Langdon, 360
Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 478
Cable, George W., 533
Cabot, George, 75, 153, 218, 231
Cabot, John, 75
Cabot, William, 276
Cadwalader, Gen. George, 619
Calhoun, John C, 427, 459, 525-6; in Congress, 235, 237, 240, 339, 346, 425, 470-1, 566, 570; debate with Webster, 337; feud with Jackson, 332-3, 334, 570; and nullification, 329, 330-1, 333, 336, 337, 544, 571-3; presidential ambitions of, 264-5, 268, 331, 333, 339, 572; and secession, 473-4; as Secretary of War, 239, 247, 264, 332; South Carolina Exposition of, 329; as vice-president, 268, 272, 322, 326-7, 332-3; and War of 1812, 209, 328
California, 392, 455-6, 515; admitted as free state, 472, 473, 475; gold rush in, 471, 475, 515, 534, 539, 587, 589; under Mexican rule, 455, 458, 460, 464; Mexican War in, 461-2
Calvinism, 78, 476, 479, 494, 497-8
Cambreleng, Churchill C 344-5
Cambridge, Mass., 51, 74, 222, 478, 481
Cameron, Simon, 594-5, 605, 617, 620
Campbell, John A., 575
Canada, 540; boundary disputes with, 7, 103, 235, 447-8; rebellion against British, 446-7; and War of 1812, 207-8, 210-11, 213, 234
canals, 236, 240-1, 286, 302-5, 309, 352, 528, 531; caste system on, 317; financing of, 302-3, 306, 309; labor on, see also Erie Canal; internal improvements
canneries, 529
Canot, Captain, 385
capitalism, 224, 333, 451, 574, 577
competition in, 438, 440, 443-4, 483, 491-2; expansion of, 251, 491, 593; and Jacksonian democracy, 347-8; see also business; industry; labor
Caribbean Sea, 102, 113-14, 124, 174, 244, 618
Carlisle, Pa., 48
Carlyle, Thomas, 481
Carroll, Anna Ella, 615
Carson, Kit, 455
Carter, Robert, III, 256
Cartwright, Peter, 496-7
Cash, W. J., 450
Cass, Lewis, 332, 469-70, 473, 565
Castlereagh, Viscount, 245, 249
Catawba Indians, 150
Catholic Church, 7, 78, 81, 373, 498-9, 500, 547, 554, 559; in Latin America, 244; persecution of, 498-9, 500, 509, 548; schools of, 509
Catlin, George, 451
Central America, 244; isthmian canal in, 539-40, and Monroe Doctrine, 251-2; rebellions in, 248-9, 252; U.S. expansionist interest in, 539-40
Cerro Gordo, Mexico, 463
Chacabuco, Battle of, 248
Chandler, Zachariah, 620
Channing, Edward, 240
Channing, William Ellery, 240, 434-6, 479, 481, 489, 518-19, 545
Chapman, Maria, 519-20
Chapultepec, 463-4
Charles River Bridge case, 466
Charleston, S.C., 7, 52, 101, 107, 149, 319, 329, 337, 393, 412, 450, 514, 567, 569, 592; and Civil War, 605-7
Charlestown, Mass., 75, 430, 497
Charlottesville, Va., 182, 255, 273
Chase, James, 380
Chase, Salmon P., 469, 545-6, 554, 565, 594, 604, 626, 627
Chase, Samuel, 129-30, 146, 185, 186, 202, 228-9
Chateaubriand, François René de, 478
Chauncey, Comm. Isaac, 212
checks and balances: in Constitution, 34-5, 37, 38-9, 61, 63, 134-5, 168, 190, 193, 269, 368, 381, 605; in a republic, 17-18, 34, 118, 120, 134, 260-1, 262-3, 272, 372, 625
Cherokee Indians, 6, 95, 335, 452-3
Chesapeake, U.S.S., 199, 212, 228
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, 450
Chesnut, Mary Boykin, 568
Chicago, Ill., 211, 450, 514, 528, 530-5 passim, 543, 555, 583, 594-6
Chicago Daily Tribune, 514
Chicago Democrat, 514
Child, Lydia Maria, 402-3, 411-13, 520-1, 588, 590
Chile, 248
China, 542
Chippewa, Battle of, 213
Chippewa Indians, 96
Christianity, 457, 476; see also individual sects and denominations
Churubusco, Mexico, 463
Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 225
Cincinnati, Ohio, 266, 300, 301-2, 352, 415, 420, 450, 500, 514, 545, 559, 573, 603, 604, 616
cities, 162, 302; competition among, 309; population of, 7, 80, 511; port, 218-23, 275-6, 295-6, 310, 344, 370, 528, 535-6; society in, 78-83, 115, 125, 355-6, 405-9
Civil War: battles, 605-7, 609-12, 621-2, 624, 626; blockade, 615, 618; causes, 449, 598-600; and Joint Committee ofCongress, 620; see also Confederate Army; Union Army
Claflin, H. B., 534
Clark, James, 374-5
Clark, William, 178-83, 190, 458
Clay, Cassius, 573
Clay, Henry, 239, 241, 268, 325, 326, 352, 358, 375, 427, 452, 525-6, 587, 593; American System of, 270, 320, 331; and censure of Jackson, proposed, 340, 346; and Compromise of 1850, 472-5; election of 1824, 264-7, 321; election of 1832, 331, 333-6, 376; in Ghent negotiations, 232-4; presidential ambitions of, 232, 264-7, 322, 331, 339, 341, 423-4, 426, 459, 468, 469; in Senate, 327, 337, 339, 345, 423-6; as Speaker of the House, 207, 235, 236-7, 243, 247, 264; as spokesman for West, 207-8, 232; and War of 1812, 207-8, 209
Clayton, John M., 540
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850), 540
Clermont (steamboat), 296, 311
Cleveland, Ohio, 420, 532, 535
Cleveland Leader, 547
Clinton, Iowa, 302
Clinton, De Witt, 210, 212, 227, 238, 265, 266, 273, 370-1, 440; and Erie Canal, 303-11 passim, 371
Clinton, George, 43-4, 55-7, 66, 69, 79, 92, 102, 192, 204, 210, 370, 378
clockmaking, 289-90
Cobb, Howell, 471
Coffin, Hannah, 281
Coffin, Thomas, 279-81
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 481
Collins, James, 485
Collins, Wilkie, 588
Colorado, 464
Columbian Centinel (newspaper), 176, 206-7, 217
Columbia River, 458-9
Commager, Henry S., 355
common law, 130, 143, 402, 436
Common Sense (Paine), 117-18
Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels), 416, 444, 467
communitarianism, 439-44
Compromise of 1850, 472-5, 522, 543, 598
Concord, Mass., 276, 529, 561; literati of, 468, 479-81, 483-8, 489, 590
Confederate Army, 607, 614, 622-5, 628; in battle, 605-7, 609-12, 621-2, 624, 626; conscription in, 613-14; strategy of, 608
Confederate Navy, 621-2
Confederate States of America, 608, 612, 618, 626; border states in, 602, 604, 606, 608, 620, 626; constitution of, 601, 612; Davis as president of, 600-3, 606, 608, 612-14, 628; government of, 612-13; negative brand of liberty in, 613; states’ rights in, 612-14
Congregationalists, 7, 24, 52, 223, 373, 476, 494, 497-8, 507
Congress, U.S., 6, 76-7, 84-9, 97, 110-12, 146, 175, 199-201, 237, 240-1, 250-1, 259, 269-70, 301, 458, 459-60, 564; Alien and Sedition Acts, 125-33, 141; under Articles of Confederation, 16, 17, 43, 76, 96; bank issues, 335, 339-40, 344-6, 424-6; brokerage in, 61, 62, 243, 263, 270, 426, 427, 475, 565; caucus system in, 171-2, 183, 204, 210, 212, 228, 238, 265, 369, 378, 379; in Civil War, 615, 619-21, 626-7; Dickens on, 352; enumerated powers of, 38-9, 40, 152, 188, 215, 619; and Mexican War, 461, 465; and national defense, 210, 215, 235, 236; negative veto in, 37, 262; and nullification and secession, 327-31, 336-7, 603, 605; political parties in, 104, 136, 145, 171-2, 369, 377; representation in, 36-7, 61, 62-3, 465-6; and slavery issue, 242-3, 345-6, 464, 465-6, 470-1, 472-5, 543-7, 549-50, 551-2, 591, 625; in War of 1812, 206, 208-9, 211, 328; see also House of Representatives; legislative branch; Senate
Connecticut, 49, 72-3, 94, 280, 282, 288, 290, 351, 433, 505, 506, 528, 536; politics in, 183, 231, 239
Connecticut compromise, 37, 40
Connecticut River, 220, 223, 231, 310, 448
conservatives, 345, 372, 374, 422; fear egalitarianism, 118, 224; for suffrage restrictions, 226, 364, 365; see also Essex. Junto
Constitution, U.S., 38, 61, 135, 215, 252, 261, 366, 379, 465, 493, 520, 615; amending, 40, 42, 89-90, 177; broad construction of, 87-8, 177, 259, 261: and citizenship and statehood, 176-7, 576; debates over interpretation of, 104, 240; and federalism, 34-5, 40, 61, 135, 136, 140, 260, 262, 369, 374, 598; and impeachment, 40, 60; intellectual roots of, 28, 29, 368; ratification of, 40, 42-59, 89-90, 104, 134, 367, 428; strict construction of, 177, 258, 423, 466; see also Bill of Rights; checks and balances; separation of powers
Constitution, U.S.S., 196, 211
Constitutional Convention, 16, 19, 23, 27-42, 49, 62, 104, 134; see also Framers of Constitution
Constitutional Union party, 593
construction industry, 405, 406, 433, 534
Continental Congresses, 23, 24, 28
contracts, sanctity of, 27, 260, 400
Contreras, Mexico, 463
conventions, see nominating conventions
Coolidge, John, 480
Cooper, James Fenimore, 477
Cooper, Thomas, 129-30, 569, 572
Cooperstown, N.Y., 477
Cooper Union, N.Y.C., 594
Copley, John Singleton, 221
cotton, 141, 274-5, 276, 277, 282-7, 302, 315, 318-9, 450, 529-30, 567, 589, 608, 618; see also textile industry
cotton gin, 275, 282, 287-8, 291, 295, 308, 311, 315, 347, 567
courts, 14, 39, 55, 70, 90, 130, 184, 375, 392; equality in, 17-18, 453; see also judicial branch
Cowles, Alfred, 514
Coxe, Tench, 89
Cranch, Mary, 122
Cranch, Richard, 71
Crane, Ichabod, 558
Crawford, William H., 238-9, 247, 254-5, 264-7, 378
Creek Indians, 6, 216-17, 452-3
Crittenden, John J., 425, 565, 593
Crockett, Davy, 455
Cuba, 249; U.S. interest in, 537-9
culture: of liberty, 476-522; in New England, 476-92; urban, 78-9, 81, 110-11, 112, 115, 220, 222-3; Virginia, 255-7, 263-4, 482
Cummings, Arthur, 610-11
Cummins, Maria S., 517
Cunningham, Noble, 190
Curtis, Benjamin R., 575
Curtis, James, 346
Dabney, Thomas Smith Gregory, 282-5
Dalzell, Robert, 466
Dana, Francis, 49
Dana, Samuel, 127
Dane, Nathan, 231
Daniel, Peter V., 575
Davis, Jefferson, 462, 473, 564-5; as president of Confederacy, 600-3, 606, 608, 612-14, 628; as Secretary of War, 545, 564
Davis, Richard Beale, 255
Davis, Varina (Mrs. Jefferson), 601
Day, Benjamin H., 512-13
Day, Luke, 14
Dearborn, Henry, 166
Decatur, Ill., 558
Decatur, Capt. Stephen, 196, 236
Declaration of Independence, 15, 21, 23, 40, 49, 62, 140, 142, 249, 270, 272-3, 352, 383, 411, 572, 573, 584, 586-7, 595, 604
Declaration of the Rights of Man, 99
Defoe, Daniel, 112; Robinson Crusoe, 527
democracy, 118, 225, 457; and education, 502, 506, 510; equality in, 19, 20-1, 354-8, 361-2, 383, 411, 416, 525; Jacksonian, 347-50, 354-8, 361-2, 363-4, 376, 453, 511; work ethic in, 506, 510; see also republic
Democracy in America, see Tocqueville, Alexis de
Democratic party, 343, 358, 373, 435-6, 466-7, 515, 525, 536, 554; and Civil War, 615; in Congress, 340, 344, 566, 577; convention and election of 1860, 592-3, 596-7, 600; election of 1832, 331-6, 380; election of 1836, 341-2; election of 1840, 421-2; election of 1848, 468-70; election of 1856, 559-62; factions in, 330, 338, 345, 360, 361, 425, 427, 466, 468-71, 553-4; fiscal policies of, 344-6, 347; formation of, 322-3; lack of political philosophy in, 348-9; as majority, 576-8, 579, 599; and “manifest destiny,” 458, 459, 538-40; slavery issue in, 348-9, 465, 467, 468-71, 473, 547-8, 554, 558, 626; in South, 559, 560-2, 564, 576-8, 579-80, 592-3, 599; state, 373, 374, 408; see also Jackson, Andrew: and Democratic party
Denmark, 24
Derna, Libya, 196
Deseret News (Salt Lake City), 515
Detroit, Mich., 210, 212-13, 450, 532
Dial, The (journal), 483
Dickens, Charles, 317, 351-3, 356, 527, 575
Dickinson, John, 35
Diderot, Denis, 100
District of Columbia, 424, 470, 472
Dixon, Archibald, 544
Doherty, E. P., 610
Donald, David, 574
Donelson, Emily, 332
Dorr, Thomas, 365
Dorr’s Rebellion, 466
Douglas, Stephen A., 457, 473, 565, 580-1, 615; in convention and election of 1860, 592-3, 596-8, 600; debates with Lincoln, 557, 581-7, 594; election of 1856, 559; and Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 543-7, 549, 551-2, 557; popular sovereignty doctrine of, 544, 550, 577, 579-80, 584-5, 592
Douglass, Frederick, 393-4, 412-13, 590, 626
Dubuque, Iowa, 302
Du Pont Company, 430
Du Pont de Nemours, Pierre Samuel, 165, 169, 430
Durfee, Amos, 446-7
Dutch, 81, 113, 114; canal system, 302 Dutch Reformed Church, 7, 78, 370
Dwight, Timothy, 161, 167, 280, 492, 493, 494, 497-8
Eads, James Buchanan, 617
East, the, 86, 277, 309, 355, 356, 494, 528-9; see also New England; North, the
East Chelmsford, Mass., 294
East Indies, British, 103
Eastman, Mehitable, 398-9, 403
Eaton, Clement, 573
Eaton, Maj. John H., 321, 325-6
Eaton, Peggy (Mrs. John), 326-7, 332
Eberhardt, Johann Ludwig, 289-91
economy, 140-1; change in, and internal improvements, 302, 306-11; credit in, 276, 285-6, 339-40, 360, 374, 434, 451; and equality, 361-2; expanding, 29, 433, 533-5, 553, 587-9, 593; federal action in, 84, 236-7; and politics, 428-9; see also banking; fiscal policies; Panic
education, 111-12, 115, 407, 441, 453, 476, 482, 486: classical, 28, 44, 111; and democracy, 502, 506, 510; parochial, 509; private, 75-6, 504-6, 507; public, 76, 352, 358, 360, 372, 467, 498, 501-11, 565; and religion, 497-8, 506, 507-9; in a republic, 19, 109, 144, 501-2
election campaigns, 107, 147, 265-7, 375, 378-9, 419-22, 583, 596; see also political parties
Electoral College, 38, 67, 107-8, 148, 152, 227, 266, 367; and Twelfth Amendment, 229-30
Ellsworth, Oliver, 184
Emancipation Proclamation, 625-8
Embargo Act (1807), 199-203, 205, 228, 230, 276, 278, 282, 291, 488
Emerson, Dr. John, 576
Emerson, Lidian (Mrs. Ralph Waldo), 479-80, 481, 561
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 223, 331, 396, 451, 476-88, passim, 491, 517, 522, 526, 545, 561, 588, 590; Conduct of Life, The, 588; Nature, 481-2
Emporia Kansas News, 579
Engels, Friedrich, 416, 444, 467
England, 249, 368, 416, 431, 438, 477, 625; liberty in, 23-4, 61, 117, 571; manufacturing, 200, 217, 251, 275, 282, 285-6, 291-2, 293, 439; trade, 249, 251, 506; see also Great Britain
Enlightenment, 493
Ephrata, Pa., 439
Episcopalians, 257
Eppes, John W, 258
equality, 142-3; economic, 361-2, 440; inegalitarianism, 143, 355-6, 383-4, 440, 441-2, 535, 597-8; and Jacksonian democracy, 347-8, 350, 354-8, 361-2; legal, 17-18, 362, 453; and liberty, 25, 143, 226, 228-9, 258, 263, 272, 347-8, 491, 500, 520, 571-3, 575, 587, 593; political, 362-3, 378, 584; social, 362, 440, 584; see also democracy: equality in; liberty
Eric Canal, 301, 302-4, 305, 431, 432, 450, 499, 517; financing and construction of, 302-3, 306-7, 309; grass-roots support for, 309, 310; passengers and freight on, 316-17, 528, 532
Essex Junto. 165, 223-4, 228, 230-1, 361
Europe, 16, 26, 172, 249, 252; culture in, 477, 478, 483; Holy Alliance in, 248-52; investments in U.S. from, 531, 534, 587; reaction to Monroe Doctrine in, 251; revolutionary movements in, 254, 416, 438, 467, 536-7, 538; see also Napoleonic wars
Eustis, William, 211
Evans, Col. Nathan, 610
Evans, Oliver, 297
Everett, Edward, 341; 396, 434, 436, 452, 478, 501-2, 554, 578-9, 591, 593
Ewing, Thomas, 424
executive branch, 36, 37-8, 168, 187-9, 193, 226; see also President
factionalism, 91, 92, 93, 239, 241, 261, 502; and liberty, 29-30, 45, 54, 60-1
Fair, Charles, 622
Fairhaven, Mass., 541
Fallen Timbers, Battle of the, 97
Farley, Harriet, 396-7
farming, see agriculture
federal government, 83, 383; bureaucracy of, 71, 78, 324-5, 346, 565, 617; factions in, 91, 92, 93, 502; geometry of balance in, 465-7, 472-5, 544, 598-9; and liberty, 62, 263, 491, southern power elite in, 576-8; strong, support for, 21, 26, 30, 34-7, 41, 42-58, 60, 126, 226, 241, 350, 433, 436; supremacy of, 259, 335; weak, support for, 43-4, 46-60, 61, 162, 258, 347; see also states’ rights: vs. federal government
federalism, 369, 374; see also Constitution, U.S.: and federalism
Federalist, 44-6, 60, 215, 261, 262, 511
Federalist party, 109, 137, 138, 164-6, 223, 227-31, 357, 369, 377; and Alien and Sedition Acts, 126-34, 138, 230; antiwar position in, 206, 208-9, 210, 217-18, 230-1, 235; in Congress, 122, 136, 153-4, 186, 190, 202, 209, 227, 235, 237, 378; control of judiciary by, 128, 183-6, 193; decline and fall of, 191-2, 217-18, 227-31, 239, 243, 266, 377, 420; election of 1796, 107-8; election of 1800, 145-8, 151-5, 227; election of 1804, 183, 227; election of 1808, 203-4, 227, 230; election of 1812, 210, 227; election of 1816, 227, 238-9; and foreign affairs. 102-4, 121, 123, 124, 174-7, passim, 200, 230, 231; Hartford convention of, 217, 218, 224, 231, 261; state, 210, 227, 229; view of liberty in, 226, 228-9, 231, 347; see also Essex Junto
Federalists (supporters of new Constitution), 30, 60-3, 69, 79-80, 82, 83-9, 98, 369; and ratification of Constitution, 42-58
Fell, Jesse. 595
Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria, 416, 467
Ferdinand VII, King of Spain, 248-9
Fillmore, Millard: in election of 1856, 559-62; presidency of, 474, 525, 531, 542
fiscal policies, 8, 13, 84-7, 97, 168-9, 344-7, 419-20, 457, 589; see also Hamilton, Alexander: as Secretary of Treasury
fishing industry, 219-20, 234, 540
Fisk, Theophilus, 361
Fitzhugh, George, 572-4
Fitzsimmons, Thomas, 35
Flagg, Azariah, 371
Fletcher v. Peck (1810), 259
Florida, Spanish, 7, 173-4, 176, 207, 244-8; Jackson’s campaign in, 245-7, 320, 332
Foote, Comm. Andrew, 621
Force bill (1833), 337
foreign affairs; chauvinism in, 207-9, 237-8, 445-9, 458, 536, 538, and Constitution, 38, 61; disputes over, and domestic disputes, 99-105; expansionism, 536-40; interventionism, 251-4; leadership in, 252, 449; and liberty, 537; neutrality, 101-4, 195, 198, 205-6, 249, 254, 446; non-interventionism, 250-2; Realpolitik in, 245, 253; self-interest vs. morality in, 195, 252-4; see also Mexican War; War of 1812; and individual countries and residents
Forman, Joshua, 305-6
Forrest, Gen. Nathan Bedford, 622
Fort Dearborn, 1
Fort Donelson, 621
Fort Erie, 213
Fort Greenville, 97
Fort Henry, 621
Fort Johnson, 605
Fort Maiden, 213
Fort McHenry, 619
Fort Moultrie, 606
Fort Sumter, 605-7
Foster, William, 361
Fourier, Charles, 403, 442-4, 517
Fox, George, 527
Fox, Gustavus, 618
Framers of Constitution, 28-42, 83, 104, 262, 311, 364, 368, 428, 493, 565, 574, 587, 594; and absence of bill of rights, 42, 50, 51, 53-5, 57, 59, 60, 69; and checks and balances, 34-5, 37, 38-9, 61, 63, 368; and foreign and military affairs, 216, 252; oppose political parties, 13, 134, 379; and separation of powers, 36, 61, 63, 216, 261, 368; slavery compromise of, 39-40; see also Constitution, U.S.
France, 4, 5, 18, 80, 95, 99-100, 113, 124, 150, 162, 179, 232, 249, 250, 275, 297, 354, 416, 431, 438, 442, 467, 539; American sympathy for, 104, 109, 205, 208, 377; attacks U.S. shipping, 102, 121, 124, 205-6, 208, 291, 445; blockade of, 198-9; and Confederacy, 601; quasi-war with, 120-5, 127, U.S. claims against, 445-6; war declaration (1792) of, 99-102, 125; XYZ Correspondence, 123; see also Napoleon I
Francis I, Emperor of Austria, 194
Frankfort, Ky., 326
Franklin, Benjamin, 21-3, 30, 108, 111, 116, 117, 226, 302, 304, 448; at Constitutional Convention, 31, 35, 39, 40, 42; and liberty, 24-5
Franklin, James, 24
Fraunces, Phoebe, 81
Fraunces, Samuel, 81
Fredericksburg, Battle of, 626
Freedom, Pa., 604
Free Inquirer, The, 360
Freeman, Elizabeth, 20
Free Soil movement (and party), 468-70, 545, 547-9, 553, 579, 584, 593
Frelinghuysen, Theodore, 452
Frémont, Jessie Benton (Mrs. John C), 560
Frémont, Capt. John C, 462, 472, 616, 617, 620; in election of 1856, 559-62
French Revolution, 98, 99-100, 149, 445, 498, 571; American sympathy for, 99-101, 126, 137, 253
Fries, John, 146
frontier, the, 7, 93, 94, 95-6, 395, 410, 416, 421, 449, 450, 507; American character on, 207, 317-18, 477; religion on, 492-7; see also West, the
Fuller, Margaret, 483, 487, 516
Fulton, Robert, 170, 277, 296-301, 308, 311, 431
Gallatin, Albert, 127, 145, 166-7, 177, 200, 202, 205, 232-4, 236, 268, 304-5
Gallatin, James, 233-4
Gandhi. Mohandas K., 486
Garrison, William Lloyd, 366, 394, 411-12, 517, 519-21
Gassendi. Pierre, 170
Gazette of the United States, 80, 90
Geddes, James, 303
Genius of Universal Emancipation (journal), 517
Genovese, Eugene, 387
George III, King of England, 40, 194
Georgia, 47, 92, 173, 246, 274, 286, 385, 409, 433, 597; Indians of, 452-3; states’ rights in, 335, 346; Yazoo land fraud, 259-60
German immigrants, 80, 113, 289-90, 405, 439, 450, 547, 549, 555, 622
Gerry, Elbridge, 121-4, and
Constitution, 31, 35, 38, 42, 43, 49-51
Ghent, Treaty of, 231-5
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), 259, 577
Giddings, Joshua, 595
Giles, William Branch. 185-6, 258
Gilmer, Thomas W., 424
Gladstone, William, 32
Godey’s Lady’s Book, 517
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 478, 481, 490
gold, see California: gold rush in
Goldsmith, Oliver, 112
Gonzales, Tex., 454
Goodyear, Charles, 534
Gorham, Nathaniel, 35
Gouge, William M., 344
government: Adams on, 17-18, 109, 224-6, 272; Jackson on, 348; Madison on, 29-30, 45-6; see also democracy; republic
granite, 429-30
Grant, Ulysses S., 462, 464, 617, 621, 623
Grayson, William, 53
Great Britain, 80, 141, 179, 222, 246, 247, 275, 297, 319, 405, 446, 512, 530, 539, 540, 542, 547, 587, American opinion of, 101-4, 205-6, 228, 231, 377, 445, 448; American possessions of, 95, 100, 173-4, 245, 455, 458-9, 540; attacks U.S. shipping, 102-3, 291; Canadian rebellion against, 446-7; and Confederacy, 601, 618-19; France declares war on (1792), 99-102, 125; and Ghent treaty, 232-5; and Holy Alliance, 249-50; impressment of seamen by, 103, 198-200, 203-9 passim, 228, 233-4; Indian allies of, 6, 96, 207, 216, 223-4; and Monroe Doctrine, 251; Royal Navy, 102, 194-5, 198, 205, 211, 212-14, 216, 220-1, 232, 234, 235, 251; and U.S.-Canadian boundary dispute, 7, 103, 235, 447-8; in War of 1812, 208-15, 216-17; see also Napoleonic wars
Great Lakes, 212-13, 233, 235, 305, 532; region, 310, 405, 449-50
Greeley, Horace, 421, 433, 443-4, 487, 515-17, 530, 609, 612; and slavery, 546-7, 549, 580-1, 585, 594-5, 604, 625
Green, Constance McLaughlin, 566
Green, Duff, 332
Greene, Catherine, 274, 275, 287
Greytown, Mosquito Coast. 540
Grimké, Angelina and Sarah, 412-13, 521
Griswold, Roger, 138
Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of, 464
Guerrière, H.M.S., 211
Guizot. Francois, 354
habeas corpus, Civil War suspension of, 613, 615, 619
Hale, John P., 469-70
Hall, John, 289
Hallet, Benjamin, 519
Hamilton, Alexander, 19, 21, 23, 36, 68, 69, 72, 77, 81, 122-7 passim, 131, 133, 138, 146, 191, 227, 268, 433, 511, 607; duel of, with Burr, 192, 193, 196; and election of 1796, 107-9; election of 1800, 145, 147, 148, 153-5; and foreign affairs, 100-1, 103, 121, 253; and Jefferson, 90-1, 101; opposition to, 85-7, 93, 137; as Secretary of Treasury, 71, 79-80, 84-9; 90-1, 97-8, 168-9; supports strong central government, 26, 41, 42, 44-5, 55-S, 236, 246, 259
Hammond, James Henry, 572-4
Hampton, Wade, 608
Hampton Roads, Va., 622
Hancock, John, 33, 49, 51, 74, 519
Handlin, Oscar, 174
Hare, Robert, 434
Harmony, Ind., 439-40
Harper, Robert Goodloe, 259-60
Harper and Brothers, 588
Harpers Ferry, Va., 179, 289, 590, 609
Harper’s Weekly, 605
Harrington, James, 368
Harris, B. F., 528
Harris, Townsend, 542
Harrison, Benjamin, 53
Harrison, William Henry, 207, 212-13, 341-2, 437, 622; election and presidency of, 419-22, 424, 468
Hartford. Conn., 31, 73, 218, 220, 222, 351; Federalist convention in, 217, 218, 224, 231, 261
Hartford and New Haven Railroad, 433
Harvard College, 32, 74, 218, 221-4, 240, 255, 257, 271, 338, 351, 436, 477-8, 480-1, 483, 486, 519
Harvey, Charles T., 532
Hawaii, 540-1
Hawkins, Hall, 389
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 223, 347, 487-90, 491, 517, 534, 588; Scarlet Letter, The, 476, 488-9
Hawthorne, Sophia (Mrs. Nathaniel), 489
Hayne, Robert Y 327-31, 336-7, 570
Hedge, Levi, 222
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 443
Helper, Hinton Rowan, 592
Henry, Patrick, 8, 29, 43, 53-5, 68, 91, 95, 108, 140, 255
Herald of Freedom (newspaper), 551
Herndon, William, 555-6, 558, 561, 580-1, 603
Herrera, José Joaquin, 460
Hidalgo, Miguel, 248
Higginson, Stephen, 218
Hildreth, Richard, 522
Hill, Isaac, 326
Hilliard, H. W., 472
history: causal agents in, 383-4, 422, 598; on Jackson, 346-7; original records in, 384, 396; stream of, 578
History of Paper Money and Banking (Gouge), 344
Hobbes, Thomas, 28
Hoe printing press, 535
Holland, 99, 172, 174, 175, 176, 447
Hollidaysburg Aurora, 316
Holmes, Mary J., 517
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 479, 588
Holyoke, Mass., 295
Hone, Philip, 475
Honolulu, Hawaii, 540
Hopkinson, Francis, 112
Horrocks and Johnson power loom, 292
Horseshoe Bend, Battle of, 217
Hough, Pvt. Daniel, 607
House of Representatives, 152-5, 266-7, 322, 408, 440; election to, 36-7, 61, 68, 364, 381; and foreign affairs, 103-4, 123; see also Congress
Houston, Sam, 454
Hudson River, 91, 172, 213, 233, 278, 296-7, 301-2, 305, 352, 370, 431-3
Hudson’s Bay Company, 455, 458-9
Hughes, Bishop John, 509
Hull, Capt. Isaac, 211
Hull, Gen. William, 210-11, 216
Hume, David, 28
Hunkers, 468-9
Hunt, Millicent Leib, 395, 402
Hunter, Gen. David, 620
Hunter, Robert M. T., 544
Hussey’s reaper, 527
ice industry, 429
Illinois, 299, 392, 452, 496, 499-500, 528, 529, 543, 554-5, 576, 599, 622-3;
migration to, 207, 315, 449, 450, 451, 527; politics in, 267, 556-9, 561-2, 580-7, 594-5
Illinois Central Railroad, 556, 589
immigrants, 141, 395, 404-9, 415, 433, 450, 530, 534, 553; and Alien Act, 126, 127-8; in cities, 80-1, 113, 114, 116, 356, 404-9; education of, 509-10, 565; employment of, 405-6, 408-9; and nativism, 547-8, 553-4, 559: and politics, 407-8, 554, 559
impressment, see Great Britain: impressment of seamen by indentured servants, 7, 114, 503
Independence, Mo., 456
Independent Journal, 44
Independent Treasury Act (1840), 344-6, 424, 426
Indiana, 207, 315, 392, 449, 496, 508, 527-8; canal system in, 305; communitarianism in, 439, 440-2; politics in, 562, 597, 603
individual rights: ideology of, 143, 415-16, 435, 437, 440, 479, 571-3; vs. community, 30, 115-16, 475, 491-2; see also liberty; man
industry, 433, 438; capital for, 80, 295-6, 534, 587; and equality, 355, 362; expansion of, 141, 251, 291, 295, 485, 533-5· 587-9, 599; and government, 84, 88-9, 236-7, 287-8, 291, 505, 564; and individual liberty, 485-7, 489-90, 491-2; machinery for, 216, 282, 288-9, 290-1, 295, 307, 396, 430, 533-4, 535; tariffs for, 236, 269-70, 293, 295, 347, 437, 505; see also business; capitalism; labor; textile industry
Ingraham, Joseph. 284-5
Intellectuals, 27, 145, 442, 444, 477; of Virginia, 255-64 passim
internal improvements: competition for, 308-9; government subsidies for, 236, 240-1, 307-8, 309, 329, 331, 347, 505, 506, 564; as political issue, 320, 333, 334, 375, 435, 599; see also transportation
Irish immigrants, 80-1, 113, 126, 305, 309, 373, 405, 406, 407-8, 450, 480, 498, 547, 548, 555
Irving, Washington, 477
Isely, Jeter, 547
Italy, 24, 174-5, 254, 416, 438
Izard, George, 213
Jackson, Andrew. 239, 268, 318-19, 343,-421, 453, 459, 580; and Calhoun, 332-3, 334, 570; censured by Senate, 340, 346, 423; and Congress, 247, 327, 346; and Democratic party, 323, 341, 340, 347-9, 359, 363-4, 381, 455, 457; in election of 1824, 265-7, 321, 378; in election of 1828, 320-3, 375-6; election of 1832, 331-6, 380; Florida campaign of, 245-7, 319, 332; and foreign affairs, 445-6, 455; kitchen cabinet of, 325-6, 339; nullification policy of, 329, 330-1, 335, 330-7, 346, 348, 357; presidency of, 323-41, 344, 345, 346-7, 358, 359, 361, 378, 383, 428, 575, 598, 619; spoils system of, 324-5, 333, 346, 374; supporters of, 269, 320-4, 349, 358, 423; tour of, 337-8; and United States Bank, 335-6, 338-40, 347, 373, 374, 375, 428, 466; in War of 1812, 213, 216-17, 231, 235, 319; see also democracy: Jacksonian
Jackson, George, 55
Jackson, Patrick Tracy, 292, 294
Jackson. Rachel (Mrs. Andrew), 319, 323, 326-7, 402
Jackson, Gen. Thomas (Stonewall), 610-11, 613, 622, 623, 624
Jalapa, Mexico, 463
Japan, 542
Jay, John, 19, 41, 43, 44-5, 53, 56-7, 69, 70, 71, 72, 78, 79, 103, 147, 148, 152, 154, 184, 215, 235
Jay, Mrs. John, 81
Jay family, 370
Jay treaty (1794), 103-4, 120, 226, 137
Jefferson, Thomas, 18, 26, 43, 55, 77, 162, 231, 260, 319, 325, 340, 347, 357, 360, 368, 377, 414, 419, 435, 439, 478, 483, 493; Alien and Sedition Acts opposed by, 126, 127, 131-2, 184, 230, 330; and Burr conspiracy, 197, 202-3; and canals, 303, 305-6, 310; character and philosophy of, 62-3, 161-3, 165, 168, 170, 171, 238, 501, 502; and Congress, 165, 167, 168-72, 202, 263; correspondence with Adamses, 18-19, 226, 271-2; and Declaration of Independence, 23, 40, 272, 411; in election of 1796, 107-9, 378; election of 1800, 144-7, 151-5, 378; in election of 1804, 183, 227; and Embargo Act, 199-202, 203, 230; and foreign affairs, 162, 167, 168, 173-5, 195-201, 230, 249, 253; and French Revolution, 99-100; and Hamilton, 90-1, 101; and judiciary, 183-9, 193, 202; and Kentucky and Virginia resolutions, 131-2, 134, 139, 145, 162; and Lewis and Clark expedition, 178-83, 190; and Louisiana Purchase, 176-8, 189, 230; and Madison, 28, 91-2, 203-4, 206, 208, 212, 255; at Monticello, 106-7, 163, 168, 201, 255, 256, 270-3, 440; and political parties, 90, 99, 135, 239, 279; political strategy and appointments of, 161, 164-7, 186, 190-2, 239; presidency of, 159-72, 183-93, 195, 205, 215, 228, 259, 260, 261, 263, 378, 383, 428, 598; on rebellion, 18-19, 162; and Republican party, 122, 137, 138-9, 145, 146-7, 159, 164-7, 169-72, 173, 184, 185-6, 190-2, 202, 258, 262-3, 269, 369, 498, 549; as Secretary of State, 71, 88, 90-1, 101, 103, 162; and slavery issue, 151, 243; as vice-president, 108-9, 122, 138, 146, 162
Jerusalem, Va., 392
Jervis, John B, 432
Johnson, Andrew, 346
Johnson, Richard M., 235, 342, 421
Johnson, Samuel, 25
Johnson, William Samuel, 31
Johnston, Gen. Albert Sidney, 608, 621
Johnston, Gen. Joseph, 463, 609-10, 613
Jones, Anson, 460
Jones, Charles Colcock, 385-8, 390-1
Jones, Mary (Mrs. Charles Colcock), 388
Jones, William, 212
Judd, Norman, 595
judicial branch, 36, 38-9, 40, 60, 128, 183-6, 193, 619; independence of, 184-9, 193, 202, 350, see also courts; Supreme Court judicial review, 40, 133, 187-9, 93, 202, 577
Judiciary Act: of 1789, 70, 130, 186-9; of 1801, 168, 183-4, 186, 202