A | B | C | D | E
F | G | H | I | J
K | L | M | N | O
P | Q | R | S | T
U | V | W | Y | Z
Aaron, Daniel, 145
Abbott, Grace, 103
Abernathy, Ralph, 349, 351, 356, 362-3, 367, 369, 382
abortion issue, 439, 440, 447-9, 452, 458, 628, 654
Abrams, Gen. Creighton, 475
Abstract Expressionism, 621, 622
Acconci, Vito, 623
Acheson, Dean, 28, 37, 80, 229, 276, 285, 334-412, 593
as Secretary of State, 240, 243-4, 252, 253, 289, 342, 402, 468
Adam, Margie, 451
affirmative action, 651
Afghanistan, 529, 531, 626, 644
poverty in, 303
see also North Africa
Agent Orange, 406
Agnew, Spiro T., 460, 474, 488, 505, 558
Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War (1973), 485-6
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA), 25, 30, 34, 42, 49, 64-6, 77, 122
Supreme Court invalidation of, 72, 82, 91
Aiken, Conrad, 140
Aiken, George, 484
aircraft industry, 183, 188, 189, 268
air pollution, 574
control, legislation, 389, 466
Alabama:
black voter registration in, 382-4
condition of blacks in, 1950s, 313-14, 322
see also Birmingham
Albert, Carl, 389
Aldrich, Winthrop, 71
Aldridge, John W., 616
Aldrin, Edwin, 581-2
Alexander, Charles, 138
alienation, in age of technology, 275
Allen, Pamela, 443
Allende, Salvador, 524
Alliance for Progress, 328, 331, 336
Allies, World War II, 182, 199-202, 210-11, 223-4
conferences, 195-9, 205-9, 224-226
Council of foreign Ministers, 226, 229
munitions edge over Axis, 183, 199, 200
second front discussions, 177-8, 180-1, 196-201, 207, 221-2
suspicions and differences, 197, 206-8, 210-11, 218, 220-2
Altgeld, John Peter, 249
Amalgamated Clothing Workers, 46, 55
Ambrose, Stephen, 255, 258, 262
“America Firsters,” 154
American Civil Liberties Union, 50, 310, 667
American Conservative Union, 637
American Dilemma, An (Myrdal), 359
American Enterprise Institute, 624-5, 658
American Farm Bureau Federation, 49, 65
American Federation of Labor (AFL), 33, 45-6, 53, 54-6, 79, 97, 107-8, 157, 205, 603 see also AFL-CIO
American Guide Series, FWP, 139-40
American Independent party (1968), 415-16
American Labor party, 111
American League Against War and Fascism, 53
American Legion, 41
American Liberty League, 42-3, 45, 50, 63, 77, 81, 96
American Medical Association, 389
American Mercury, The (magazine), 252
American Political Science Association, 457
American Progress (monthly), 62
Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), 236, 293, 310, 324, 326, 408, 607
American Telephone & Telegraph, 268, 439
American Writers’ Congress, 53
American Youth Congress, 53
Anderson, Marian, 113
Anthony, Susan K., 452
antiballistic missiles, 478, 479
anticommunism, 230-2, 242-6, 282-3
in Congress, 230, 231-2, 233, 258-9
of Dulles under Eisenhower, 254
of Nixon, 230, 232, 244, 418, 468, 480
in Truman Administration, 228-34, 238, 239, 243, 245
as unifier of conservative factions, 629
anti-nuclear movement, 391-2, 544, 546
churches involved in, 537-8
anti-Semitism, 45, 85, 218-19, 353
anti-trust policies, 32, 214, 215, 563
anti-Vietnam War movement, 401, 407-10, 412-13, 418, 420-6, 431, 460-1, 536-7, 623
Appalachia, poverty in, 316
appeasement, 497
charged by anti-arms-control hawks, 333
LBJ’s fear in case of Vietnam, 401-2
Appel, John, 308
Aptheker, Bellina, 395-6
Arab nations, 486-7, 525, 527, 558
oil, 255, 641, 644; embargo (1973), 574
Arendt, Hannah, 593
arms:
exports, 155-6; to Middle East, 487; prewar embargo on, 158-9, 160
technology, 268
World War II production, 182-4
see also nuclear weapons
arms control, 333, 476-9, 488, 586
ABM Treaty (1972), 479
Eisenhower and, 256-7
Kennedy Test Ban Treaty (1963), 390, 392
SALT: I, 477-9; II, 523, 528-9, 645
arms race, 264, 333, 335, 396, 478, 527, 538, 552, 586-7
US superiority, 259, 264, 265, 333-4, 335
Armstrong, Neil, 581-2
Arnold, Gen. Henry “Hap,” 196
Aron, Raymond, 277
Arthur, Chester A., 625
art, artists, 138-9, 296, 615, 620-4, 664-5
New Deal programs for, 132-5, 138
and red-baiting, 132, 134, 138, 231
Artists’ and Writers’ Union, 134
see also specific regions and countries
Asquith, Herbert, 90
astronomy, astrophysics, 541-2, 587
Atkinson, Brooks, 137
Atkinson. Ti-Grace, 444
Atlantic, Battle of the, 169-70, 171-2, 173, 175, 180, 197, 217, 403
Atlantic Charter, 171, 192, 338
atom bomb, 223, 224-6, 227, 465, 545, 548-9
Soviets in possession of, 239-40
atomic energy, 229, 256, 273, 548, 549, 552
Atomic Energy Commission, 391, 549
“Atoms for Peace,” 256
Attica prison (New York), 520
Attlee, Clement, 224
Auden, W. H., 159
Austria, German annexation of, 158
foreign competition, 578,
production, 101, 182-3; postwar, 573
strikes, 187; 1930s, 49, 97-9; 1970, 573
automation, 272-4, 279, 285, 396, 543, 550
in printing, 281-2
Axis, Berlin-Rome-Tokyo, 157, 159, 166, 173, 177, 223-4
Allied munitions edge over, 183, 199, 200
Aycock, Alice, 623
Bachrach, Elinor, 577
Baez, Joan, 371, 396, 407, 427, 428
Bailey, Josiah W., 94
Bailyn, Bernard, 125
Baker, Ella, 357-8, 375, 379, 384
Baker, George Pierce, 136
Baker, Howard, 504
Baker, Newton D., 11
Bakke, Allan, 653
Baldwin, Roger, 54
Soviet domination of, 226, 229, 232
Ball, George, 334, 343, 410, 499
bank holiday of 1933, 24
Banking Act of 1935, 75
bankruptcies, 1980s, 640
banks and banking:
failures: Depression, 21; 1980s, 640
Baran, Paul, 564
Barber, James David, 466
Barber, Philip, 136
Barkley, Alben, 76, 110-11, 164, 192, 203, 319
Barnett, Ross, 365
Russia encircled by, 265, 286, 334, 337
Batista, Fulgencio, 331
battered women and children, 449, 534
Bay of Pigs fiasco, 331-7, 343, 524
Beard, Charles A., 169
Beard, Mary, 29
Begin, Menachem, 525-6
Belafonte, Harry, 369
Belfrage, Sally, 381
Bell Laboratories, 550
Bellow, Saul, 297, 300, 408, 615, 619-20
Benes, Eduard, 158
Ben-Gurion, David, 546
Bennett, Harry, 573
Benny, Jack, 193-4
Bentham, Jeremy, 600
Benton, Thomas Hart, 133
Benton, William, 287
Berkeley student rebellion, 394-6, 432
Berkshire County, Mass., 673-6, 682-3
Berle, Adolf, 13, 17, 28, 37, 64, 74, 101, 129, 213, 564
Berlin, Irving, 194
Berlin crises, 238, 239, 240, 261, 333
Berman, Larry, 511
Bernstein, Carl, 501
Berrigan, Daniel and Philip, 421, 537
Berry, George L., 55
Bethlehem Steel, 100
Bethune, Mary McLeod, 113, 434
Bibby, John F., 663
Biddle, Francis, 190
Biddle, George, 133
Bigelow, Albert, 361
Bill of Rights, 131, 277, 281, 296, 309, 375, 539, 540, 634-640, 667, 679, 680
English, 539
Bird, Larry, 611
Birmingham, Ala., 361-2, 366-9, 372, 375
black culture, 399-400
Black Power movement, 387-8, 398-401
blacks, 120, 122, 347, 460-1, 539, 610, 667 see also civil rights movement; racial
discrimination; segregation education and income, 571
FDR and, 113, 117, 321, 359, 371
one-parent families and welfare, 631
and poverty, 313-16, 385, 570-1
radical leaders, 385-8
rural South, 313-16
stereotypical attitudes toward, 353
urban North, 385-6, 388, 397-401
versus the federal government, under Kennedy, 358-72, 374-5
violence against, 352, 357, 361-2, 365, 368-9, 372, 380, 382-4, 386
violent action by, 383, 388, 399, 413; race riots, 398, 400
voting rights for, 321-3, 357, 366, 371, 378-84; registration drives, 356, 378-81, 382-4
voting Democratic, 87, 237, 382, 657, 660
women, 189, 315, 434, 439-40, 451-4, 570
black separatism, 398-9
Blair, Thomas L., 399
Blinder, Alan S., 562
Blitzstein, Marc, 138-9
Bloodworth, Dennis, 470
Bloom, Allan, 665
Blum, John, 195
Blumenthal, Sidney, 629
Bohlen, Charles, 252-3
Boland Amendment, 644
Bolivar, Simon, 331
Boiling, Richard, 389
book publishing, 612, 615-17, 620
Boone, Buford, 353
Boorstin, Daniel, 278
Bork, Robert IL, 505, 654, 669
Born, Max, 547
Bosch, Juan, 404
Bowles, Chester, 286, 287, 340, 343, 344
Bowles, Samuel, 564
Boyer, Ernest, 597
Bozell, L. Brent, 627
Brademas, John, 559
Bradley, Bill, 641
Brandeis, Louis D., 13, 45, 71, 73, 89, 91, 95, 112, 122, 667
decentralization advocate, 28, 64, 74, 77, 128
Brauer, Carl, 364
Braun, Ernest, 543
Brecht, Bertold, 605
Breech, Ernest R., 573
Breines, Wini, 393
Brennan, William L., 652
Breslin, Jimmy, 409
Brett, George, 610
Breytenbach, Breyten, 620
Brezhnev, Leonid, 476-7, 485-8, 523, 529
Bricker, John, 111, 191, 203, 204
“brinkmanship” in foreign policy, 286, 288
Brokaw, Tom, 613
Brookhaven National Laboratory, 542
Brooks, Robert R. R., 48
Broun, Heywood, 15
Browder, Earl, 53, 137, 188, 204
Brown, Harold, 524
Brownmiller, Susan, 449
Brown v. Board of Education, 321-2, 347, 354-5, 596, 651
Brubeck, Dave, 593
Bryan, William Jennings, 600, 655
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 522, 523, 527-9
Buckley, William F., Jr., 246, 626-7, 628
Budenz, Louis, 243
Bundy, McGeorge, 343, 403, 412
Burger, Warren E., 505-6, 652-4
Burke, Edmund, 626
Burns, James MacGregor, 513
Bush, Vannevar, 549
business, 86, 101-2, 462, 600, 646
mergers and acquisitions, 267
1930s: Depression effects, 18, 19; NRA provisions, 32-3, 41; opposition to New Deal, 41-5, 63, 71-3, 102-3
postwar, 267, 575-8; federal bailouts, 577-8; white-collar crime in, 514-15
small: New Deal and, 71, 103; wartime, 186
US enterprise abroad, 295, 329, 330-1
wartime gains of, 185-6
Business Advisory Council, 103
Business Week (magazine), 185
bus segregation, 315, 348-52, 361
Butler, Hugh, 244
Butler, M. Caldwell, 507
Butler, Samuel, 274
Byrd, Robert C., 378
Byrnes, James F., 24, 203, 226, 229-30, 235, 244
cable television, 607, 610, 611, 612, 613
Cadmus, Paul, 134
Cahill, Holger, 134-5
Cairo conferences (1943), 195, 198
California, Southern, 601-4, 608-9
farm labor, 50
Cambodia, 342, 418, 424-5, 527
Camp, Lawrence, 110
campaigns, political, see elections and campaigns
Camp David accord, 526
campus movement, 394-7, 413-14, 421-3, 425, 460, 532, 548
Cannon, Lou, 607
Cantwell, Robert, 140
capitalism, capitalists, 16, 52, 58, 101, 121, 200-1, 228, 292, 444, 517, 543, 563-5, 618, 608
ex-colonialist revolts against, 305
Khrushchev quoted on, 302
Marxist view not valid for US, 48
and New Deal, 41, 44, 45, 50-1, 72, 122-3, 131
capital punishment, 519
Cardozo, Benjamin N., 71, 89, 112
see also Cuba; Dominican Republic
Carmichael, Stokely, 386-8, 399, 409, 442
Carnegie, Andrew, 99, 100, 543, 625
Caro, Robert, 552
car searches, 653-4
Carson, Rachel, 389
Carter, Hodding, 353
as President, 521, 522-31; economic policy, 558-60, 562, 639, 641;
evaluation, 529-31; foreign policy, 522-9, 531, 644; human rights policy, 522-4, 526, 528, 539; “malaise” speech, 529-30, 591-3, 601, 638; self-evaluation, 530
presidential candidacies: 1976, 521, 558, 613, 625; 1980, 530, 559, 638
Carter, Rosalyn, 522
Casablanca Conference (1943), 195-7, 206
“cash and carry” exports, 160, 161
Cater, Douglass, 283
Cather, Willa, 605
Catonsville Nine, the, 421
CBS (Columbia Broadcasting System), 59, 285, 530
censorship, 449, 534-5, 619, 635, 654
Central America, 626
US interventionism in, 328, 330-2, 490, 524, 527, 633, 644 see also Latin America
centralization vs. decentralization debate, 28-9, 66, 74, 77, 103-4, 122, 128, 560
Century Group, 164
Century of the Common Man, The (Wallace), 237, 277
Challenger space shuttle tragedy, 583-4
Chamberlain, Neville, 158, 161, 402
Chambers, Whittaker, 231-2
Chandler, A. B. “Happy,” 110-11
checks and balances, see Constitution, US
Chevalier, Maurice, 429
Chiang Kai-shek, 171, 195, 198, 201, 208, 240, 254, 255, 337, 338, 341, 470, 473
Chiang Kai-shek, Madame 198, 240
Chicago Tribune. 31, 169, 202, 230, 283
child care services, 112, 440, 668
children’s rights, 668
Communist, 240, 254; bombardment of Quemoy and Matsu, 255; and India, 340, 472; in Korean War, 241-3, 418; Nixon/Kissinger policy, 468-9, 470-5, 488; nuclear weapons of, 485; Soviet estrangement, 260, 265, 469, 472, 474-6, 485-6, 488, 526-9; in triangular policy, 469, 474-6, 488, 496, 526-9; and Vietnam, 405, 472, 476, 529
Japanese aggression, 158, 170-1, 173, 470
“loss” of, 241, 243, 247, 342, 402, 404, 468
Nationalist, 240, 243, 254, 472, 578; US break with, 474, 529, 644; Western Allies and, 197, 198, 201, 470
views in the US of, 469-70
views of the US in, 337-8, 470
“China card,” 528
Chisholm, Shirley, 439, 457-8, 499
Christian, Meg, 451
Christian Voices, 627-8
Chrysler Corporation, 99, 577-8
churches, 594-6
as civil rights battle base, 355-6
degendering of, 457-8
membership statistics, 594-5
peace stance of, 536-8
Churchill, Sir Winston, 7, 122, 158, 161, 232, 255, 592
FDR and, 38, 161, 171, 177, 195, 217, 338-9, 341-2
“iron curtain” speech of, 229
prime minister, wartime, 162, 167-9, 171, 172-3, 175, 177-8, 182, 195-9, 211, 222, 224, 495; at Casablanca, 195, 196; and India, 178, 208, 338-9; at Teheran, 195, 198-9; at Yalta, 159, 205-8
visits to US, 177-8, 195, 228-9
Church of Christ, 594
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 261-2, 277, 331-2, 343, 499, 501, 524
civil disobedience:
civil rights struggle, 352, 366, 367-8
peace movement, 391, 409-10, 421
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), 25, 29, 34, 104, 191, 214
see also liberty
civil rights, 466, 538-9, 629, 657
Congress and, 321-3, 360, 365, 370-1, 375-8, 383
Eisenhower and, 322-3, 352, 359
as election issue: 1948 Democratic plank, 237; in 1952, 250; 1960 Democratic plank, 325, 359; in 1968, 415, 416
Johnson and, 322-3, 324, 375, 377-8, 381-2, 383-4
Kennedy and, 323-4, 326, 359-60, 362, 365-6, 367-72, 374-5, 376
Supreme Court decisions, 321-2, 347, 352, 365, 596, 651, 652, 653
Truman’s stand for, 236, 249, 321, 359
Civil Rights Act of 1957, 322, 376
Civil Rights Act of 1960, 323-4
Civil Rights Act of 1964, 375-8, 437, 651
civil rights movement, 401, 460-1
Big Six, 371
leadership split, 386-8, 398-9
nonviolence, 352, 357, 363, 364, 366-8, 383, 400; abandoned, 386, 388, 398, 400
in North, 384, 385-6, 388, 397-401
and peace movement, 401, 408, 418
sexism in, 441-3
in South, 321-3, 347-72, 375-84, 386-8; Freedom Summer, 380, 384, 395; group-centered vs. charismatic leadership debate, 356-8, 364, 384, 388; vs. the Kennedy Administration, 359-72, 374-5; murders, 352, 372, 380, 382-3, 384; strategy debate on desegregation vs. pursuit of political clout, 321-2, 359, 363-4, 366, 371, 378-8.
Civil Works Administration (CWA), 34
Clark, Bennett Champ, 83, 94, 155
Clark, Kenneth B., 369, 385, 571, 631
class relationships, 189, 443-5, 564, 600-1
conflict engendered by New Deal, 41-54
Clean Air Acts:
of 1963 and 1965, 389
of 1970, 466
Clifford, Clark, 411-12
Coburn, Charles, 136
Cocker, Joe, 427
Coffin, William Sloane, 513
Cohen, Jacob, 127
Cohn, Nik, 428
Cohn, Roy, 251
Colby, Bainbridge, 122
cold war, 225-9, 232-4, 239, 253-4, 286, 288, 332-5, 340, 526-9, 536, 546
Berlin crises, 238, 239, 240, 261, 333
intellectual critics of US policies of, 288-94
newspaper reporting on, 282-3, 286
Soviet and US mutual perceptions and misperceptions, 220-2, 227-8, 229, 233-4, 241-2, 254, 262, 301-2, 526-8
see also Afghanistan; arms race; Cuban missile crisis; détente; Korean War
Cole, Wayne S., 154
collective bargaining right, 33, 46-8, 70, 75, 90
Collier’s magazine, 284
Collins, Judy, 407
Collins, Michael, 581
colonialism, 208, 218, 304-5, 338-9, 341-2, 470
Colson, Charles, 426, 499, 513
Columbia University, student unrest, 413-14
Cominform (Communist Information Bureau), 233
Comintern (Communist International), 52, 123
Commentary (journal), 627
Commission on the Status of Women, 433, 434, 438
Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO), 79, 97, 99-100, 107
see also Congress of Industrial Organizations
Committee for Nonviolent Action (CNVA), 391-2, 407
Committee on Administrative Management, 115
Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity, 370
Committee on the Constitutional System, 645
Committee to Reelect the President (CRP, CREEP), 500-1, 503
communism, communists, 220-1, 532, 538, 618
American, 42, 50, 51, 52-4, 79, 84-5, 123, 142, 165, 408, 603
American fears of, 45, 47, 48-9, 112, 220, 230-2, 243-6, 252, 254, 258-9, 266, 353, 401-4, 546; blacklisting, 231; see also anticommunism
American intellectuals and, 277
doctrinal disputes within, 336
FDR charged with, 43, 44-5, 81-2, 85, 112, 204-5
global: Soviet promotion of, 221, 227-8, 242; Soviet-Chinese split, 265, 469, 474, 476, 485-6, 488, 526-9
imputed to artists, actors, writers, 132, 134, 138, 139, 140, 141-2, 231, 607
in North Korea, 240-1
in Poland, 206-7, 214, 224, 644
State Department charged with, 231-2, 243-5, 252
Third World, 305, 404; Cuba, 336;
Indochina, 342, 343, 401-4, 481-2
Communist Control Act, 258-9
Communist party, US, 52-3, 123, 243, 258-9
community action programs, 569, 570-1
computer-related crime, 515
in newspaper world, 282
and civil rights measures, 321-3, 360, 365, 370-1, 375-8, 383
cross-party coalitions in, 87, 109, 119, 132, 191, 466, 638, 640, 645
FDR and, after 1936, 93-6, 104-7, 108-11, 112-13, 116, 126, 132, 135, 191-2; in foreign affairs, 155-6, 158-9, 162, 210, 491, 494-5
and Great Society legislation, 389, 566
isolationism in, 154, 155-6, 158-9
and Marshall Plan, 233
and New Deal: arts programs killed, 132, 135, 138; First Hundred Days, 23, 24-7, 30; obstructionism and opposition, 104-5, 106, 108, 112-13, 135, 191, 215, 376; Second Hundred Days, 75-6
seniority system, 116, 126, 321
special-interest pressures on, 107, 192, 642, 647-8
Tonkin Gulf Resolution of, 403-4
and World War II, 160, 167, 169-70
see also elections and campaigns: congressional; House of Representatives; Senate
Congress for Cultural Freedom, 277, 296
“congressional” parties, Democratic and Republican, 119, 126, 236
and civil rights legislation, 321-2, 376-8
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), 107-8, 186-7, 603
see also AFL-CIO; Committee for Industrial Organization
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), 189, 356, 361, 369, 371, 387-8, 394, 399
Congress to Unite Women, 450
Conkin, Paul, 127
Connally, John, 657
Connally, Thomas, 94
Connor, Eugene “Bull,” 367-9
consciousness-raising, 445, 454-6
conservation, 25, 26, 40, 76, 213, 214
conservatism, conservatives, 123, 540, 624-9, 652, 655, 667
agenda of, 627-9
anticommunism of, 629
coalitions across party lines, 87, 109, 132, 191, 466, 638, 640
definition of freedom by, 42, 123, 667, 672
Democrats, 30, 42, 73, 108-9, 117-19, 191, 320; Reagan and, 638; Southern, 80, 112, 118-19, 236-7, 248-9, 250, 320, 466, 640
doctrinal factions, 627-9
economic views of, 42, 560, 562, 627
journals, think tanks, etc., 627, 630
Nixon as disappointment to, 557, 625
Reagan as disappointment to, 642-4
Reagan as unifier of, 628-9, 636-8
Republicans, 42, 109, 119, 120, 466, 560, 636-8; anti-New Deal, 43, 83 (see also Republican party)
resurgence of, 462, 558, 624-6; and
capture of GOP, 636-8
see also right wing
Constitution, US, 42, 88, 95, 115-16, 126, 277, 294, 507, 532-3, 633-4, 642, 645-50, 654-5, 665, 680
checks and balances problems, 42, 88, 115, 491, 632, 633, 645-9
interstate commerce clause, 73-4
majority rule vs. minority rights, 42, 88
progressive era democratization of, 646-7
see also Bill of Rights
Consumer Advisory Board, 33
consumer protection, 5, 33, 236
consumption trends, 184-5, 601, 668
containment policy, 239, 286-7, 290, 491, 496
Cook, Bruce, 427
Coolidge, Calvin, 20, 27, 71, 152, 328, 329, 466
Cooper, Gary, 231
Coordinating Committee for Fundamental American Freedoms, 377
Coors, Joseph, 637
Copland, Aaron, 593
Coral Sea, battle of, 179
Corbett, Jim, 307
Corcoran, Thomas G., 74
corporate taxes, 72, 191, 554, 558, 639
Corwin, Edward S., 92
Costigan, Edward Prentiss, 73
Coughlin, Fr. Charles E., 57-60, 63, 70, 73, 79, 80, 84, 85-6, 105
isolationism of, 154, 160, 169
Council on United Civil Rights Leadership, 371
counterculture of 1960s, 431-2
Country Joe and the Fish (rock group), 430-1
Court-packing plan, FDR, 93-6, 105, 118
Cousins, Norman, 392
Cowan, Ruth S., 551
Cowley, Malcolm, 299
Cox, Edward E., 106
Cox, Harvey, 293
Cradle Will Rock, The (FTP production), 138-9
Crankshaw, Edward, 220
Crawford, Alan, 626
creationist theory, 667
credit, sex discrimination in, 439
control, 466
poverty and, 516, 518, 568-9, 571
criminal justice system, 517-20, 651, 653-4
Croly, Herbert, 122
Cronin, Thomas E., 510
Cronkite, Walter, 411
Crosby, Bing, 194
Crucible, The (Miller), 297, 300
Soviet military in, 333-4, 526, 527
US policy toward, 328, 331, 336; Bay of Pigs invasion, 331-2, 333, 336-7, 524
Cuban missile crisis, 333-5, 336, 337, 528
Cultural and Scientific Conference for World Peace (1949), 277
cultural programs of Roosevelt Administration, 132-41
Cummings, Homer S., 24, 90-2, 112
Cuomo, Mario, 662
Curley, James Michael, 311, 312
Currie, Lauchlin, 102
Curry, John Steuart, 138
Soviet control over, 233, 469, 527
Daley, Richard, 400, 414-15, 477
Dallin, David, 260
Danto, Arthur, 623
Dark Ghetto (Clark), 385
Darwin, Charles, 269
Daughters of the American Revolution, 113
Daughters of Bilitis, 450
Davis, Chester, 66
Davis, Elmer, 193
Davis, Jefferson, 384
Davis, Kenneth S., 465
D-Day, World War II, 200
Death of a Salesman (Miller), 297, 300-1
de Beauvoir, Simone, 298, 444, 447, 454
Debray, Régis, 336
Declaration of Independence, 277, 341, 665
Declaration of Rights of Man, 539, 540, 665
Declaration of the United Nations, 178
Deconstruction, 624
Deeter, Jasper, 136
Defense Mediation Board, 186
defense spending:
deficit spending, see federal budget
de Gaulle, Charles, 195, 208, 217, 294, 332
Degler, Carl, 353
de Kooning, Willem, 135, 621, 622
Delano, Laura, 212
Delors, Jacques, 538
democracy, 88, 347-8, 600, 619, 645-7, 661
Lippmann’s pessimism, 289-90, 294
Democratic Advisory Committee (later Council, DAC), 287
Democratic Leadership Council, 659
Democratic National Committee, 29, 42, 80, 458, 499-500, 511
Democratic party, 116-18, 629, 632, 649, 655-60 (see also elections and campaigns)
congressional majorities of, 126; 1935-36, 37; 1937-38, 87; 1939-40,111; 1949-50, 238; 1951-52, 245; 1955-56, Senate, 320; 1965-66, 389-90; 1973-74, 461; 1981-82. House, 639
“congressional” vs. “presidential,” 119, 126, 236, 287; and civil rights legislation, 321-2, 376-8
conservative wing, 80, 112, 117-19, 191, 320, 466; and FDR’s New Deal, 30, 42, 73, 108-9, 112; Reagan and, 638
conventions of: 1924, 11-12; 1932, 3, 4-6, 10-12, 15, 42, 61; 1936, 83-4; 1940, 164; 1944, 203; 1948, 236-7; 1952, 249; 1956, 287-8; 1960, 325; 1964, 381-2; 1968, 414-15, 458; 1972, 458; minority representation in, 381-2, 648; two-thirds rule for nomination, 10-11, 83; women’s representation in, 458, 648
FDR as leader of, 108-11, 116-18, 666; his liberalization goal, 109-11, 118-20
fragmentation of, 426, 639-40; in civil rights issues, 236-7, 249, 250, 321-2; in New Deal era, 236-7, 247; in foreign policy of cold war, 236, 285-8; hawks vs. doves, 236, 285-6, 334, 404; in 1920s, 10-11; in 1932, 10-13, 15, 20; in 1930s New Deal era, 42-3, 64, 73, 79, 81-2, 106-7, 108-11, 116-19; in 1930s foreign policy, 154; in 1960, 323-6; in 1968, 412, 414-15
liberalism, 13, 15, 64, 73-4, 87, 109, 319, 320, 322, 324, 326, 359, 389-90, 414, 466, 629-30, 661-2; liberal-labor-left coalition, 118-20, 390, 399, 632
midterm policy conference, 659
New Deal coalition of voters for, 80, 238, 656-7
1980s constituency search, 658-60, 661-2
overlap with Republican party, 119, 126, 320, 466
reconstruction of, 656-7, 670-1
Southern wing of, 11, 80, 112, 118-19, 320-2, 354, 360; and civil rights, 236-7, 248-9, 250, 321-2, 325, 354, 360, 365, 376-8; coalition with Republicans, 132, 191, 466, 640; defections of 1980s, 657
Dempsey, Jack, 609
Deng Xiaoping, 529
Denmark, Nazi invasion of, 161
Dennis, Eugene, 243
Denver school desegregation case, 653
Depression, Great, 18-19, 31, 52, 58, 313, 648
literature, 141-6
see also New Deal
destroyers-for-bases deal, 164
Derrida, Jacques, 624
détente, 265, 286, 287, 461, 488-9, 490-1, 496
Carter efforts, 528-9
Eisenhower attempts, 256-7, 259-62
Detroit, 292
Depression effects in, 58
race riots: of 1943, 189; of 1967, 574
school busing case, 653
Dewey, John, 121, 124-5, 135, 292, 593, 658
Dewey, Thomas, 111, 163, 190-1, 236, 246, 248
as presidential candidate: in 1944, 203-5, 237; in 1948, 236-8, 239, 286
Dewson, Molly, 29, 64, 83, 103, 434
Dialectic of Sex, The (Firestone), 445
Diem, Ngo Dinh, 342, 343-4, 419, 504
Dies, Martin, 112
Diggins, John P., 534
direct action:
civil rights movement, 356-8, 366, 371, 379
student movement, 396
Dirksen, Everett, 245, 248, 253, 320, 377, 499
disarmament, 392
see also arms control
discrimination:
“double,” against minority women, 189, 452
economic cost of, 385
outlawed, 378
“reverse,” 653
see also education; employment; public facilities and transport; racial discrimination; sex discrimination; voting rights
Divine, Robert A., 286
Djilas, Milovan, 227
Dobrynin, Anatoly, 476, 485-6, 523
Dohrn, Bernadine, 421
Dollfuss, Engelbert, 54
Domenici, Pete, 640
Dominican Republic, 329-30, 404, 524, 527
Doolittle, James, 179
Dos Passos, John, 12, 277, 298, 605
Douglas, Helen Gahagan, 468
Douglas, Lewis, 28, 35, 37, 80
Douglas, Paul, 319-20
Douglas, William O., 112, 203, 227, 321, 667
Dowling, Eddie, 136
Dozier, Bishop Carroll T., 537
Vietnam War: card-burning, 408, 410, 513; evasion, 420-1, 522
World War II, 165
Dred Scott decision, 652
Dreiser, Theodore, 299
drug abuse, 466, 552, 569, 571, 594
and crime, 517
Dubinsky, David, 46, 54, 55-6, 84, 243
Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt, 675
Dulles, John Foster, 253-4, 255, 257, 259, 265, 286, 289, 342, 473, 643
Dunne, Edward F., 249
Dunne, Finley Peter, 54
Dunne, Ray, 47-8
Du Pont family and capitalism, 39, 42-3, 81, 98, 155, 592
Durant, William Crapo, 572
Duvalier, François, 330
Dworkin, Andrea, 535
Eagleton, Thomas, 458
“Eastern Establishment,” 246-8, 250, 522
Eastern Europe:
anti-Soviet unrest, 257-8
“liberation of captive peoples” goal of US, 256, 257-8
Soviet domination over, 210-11, 221, 226, 229, 258, 469
Yalta discussion on, 206-7, 211
Eccles, Marriner, 75, 102, 287
“economic bill of rights” of FDR, 16, 202-3, 276-7, 344, 666
economic equality, 77, 84, 538, 637, 667
see also equality of opportunity
Economic Opportunity Act, 566, 567
economic planning, 77, 102-3, 560, 563-5
“democratic,” 565
New Deal era failures, 130-1, 214-15
economics, 553-4, 560-5, 571-2
Chicago School of, 562
Galbraith, 562-3
Hayek, 560
Keynesian, 102, 103, 130, 561-2
laissez-faire views, 42, 560-1
Marxist, neo-Marxist, 564-5
economic security, 16, 41, 75, 122, 202-3, 213, 538-9, 560, 666
economy:
Carter policies, 558-60, 562, 639, 641
centralization vs. decentralization debate of 1930s, 28, 74, 77, 103-4, 128
Great Depression, 18-19, 31, 39-41
interventionism in, 554-7, 560-1 (see also economic planning)
New Deal programs, 23-7, 30-5, 37, 40-1, 62, 63-6, 75-6, 214-15 (see also New Deal)
Nixon/Ford policies, 554-8
Reagan years, 633, 638, 639-42;
Roosevelt recession of 1937-39, 101-4, 114, 128, 130, 214
see also banking; business; industry; inflation; unemployment
Eden, Anthony, 195, 206, 255, 341, 405
Editor & Publisher, 282
education, 553, 594, 596-8, 663-5, 681-2
Eisenhower measures, 285, 320;
Great Society (LBJ) measures, 389, 566; K
Reagan cuts, 639
racial discrimination in, 236, 314, 321-3, 365, 370, 378 (see also schools)
sex discrimination in, 433, 439
Camp David accord, 525-6
Ehrenburg, Ilya, 295
Ehrlichman, John, 467, 503-5, 513
Eisenhower, David, 510
Eisenhower, Dwight D,, 236, 246, 263, 266, 289, 448, 543, 593, 607
and McCarthy, 249-50, 252-3, 258
as President, 252-63, 267, 277, 285, 418, 466, 467, 560-1, 573, 630; “Atoms for Peace” plan, 256; and civil rights issue, 322-3, 352, 359; domestic measures, 285, 320, 321, 322-3; evaluation and criticism, 255-6; foreign policy, 253-63, 285-7, 331, 340, 342, 490; and Korea, 254, 255, 418; military spending, 255, 256, 262; recession, 555; rejects atomic strikes and foreign adventurism, 255; and space program, 259, 579, 584, 585; Supreme Court appointments, 322, 652; U-2 incident, 261-3, 476
presidential candidacies, 460, 479, 637; 1952, 246-8, 249-51, 253, 286, 312; 1956, 257, 286
in World War II, 180, 198; as ETO commander, 199-201, 205, 206
elderly, Townsend proposals for, 67
elections and campaigns, 646-7
congressional: 1918, 190, 191; 1932, 19; 1934, 37, 63, 70; 1936, 87; 1938, 108-11, 117-18; 1942, 190-1; 1946, 230; 1948, 238; 1950, 245; 1952, 253, 285; 1964, 390, 404; 1972, 461, 479; 1980, 629, 632, 639
presidential, 1860 and 1896, 655-6; 1912, 118-19, 236; 1924, 11-12, 46, 416, 656; 1928, 656; 1932, 3-6, 10-18, 42, 61, 656, 662; 1936, 79-86, 87, 91, 117-18, 656; 1940, 161, 163-5, 656; 1944, 203-5; 1948, 235-9; 1952, 246-51, 253, 625, 637; 1956, 257, 286, 287, 637; 1960, 262, 323-6, 331, 512, 555, 625, 637: 1964, 380-2, 625, 637; 1968, 412-16, 555-625, 637: 1972, 458, 460-2, 469, 479, 481, 511, 557; 1976, 521, 558, 613, 625, 637-8, 656; 1980, 530, 559, 638, 649, 656; 1984, 641, 644, 649, 661; 1988, 657-8, 659, 661-2, 668, 669-70; primary system, 117, 647, 662; reform proposals, 650
state: 1972, 53; 1934 (Wisconsin), 68; 1936, 87; 1938, 111; 1942, 190-1
voter turnout decrease, 646, 661
New Deal programs, 26, 76, 191, 214
electronics industry, 268, 273, 542-3, 550-1, 572
Ellison, Ralph, 297, 408, 615, 620
Ellsberg, Daniel, 425-6, 499, 504, 513
Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists, 546
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 142, 338
employment:
discrimination in: ethnic, 308; outlawed, 378, 437; racial, 188-9, 315; sex, 81, 188, 433, 437, 439, 446-7, 457
fair, 1948 and 1952 proposals, 236, 250
full, inflationary effect of, 561
see also job programs
End Poverty in California (EPIC), 69, 603, 604
energy crisis, 1970s, 530, 574-5, 591
Engels, Friedrich, 567
entitlement programs, 41, 218, 641
environmental pollution, 552, 574, 575
environmental protection, 466, 629, 651
Equal Credit Opportunity Act (1974), 439
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), 437, 439, 446
economic, 77, 84, 538, 635, 667
and liberty, 125, 267, 635, 679-80; as
of opportunity, 77, 122, 124-5, 278, 440, 454, 668, 679; FDR on, 16, 84, 203; JFK on, 370
equal pay for equal work, 188, 538
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), 434, 438-9, 452, 457, 458-9, 628
Erikson, Erik, 348
Escape from Freedom (Fromm), 279
Europe:
1939 war danger, 149-51, 153, 155-9
postwar, 260, 294-6; goals of Eisenhower Administration for, 254, 256, 257-8; Marshall Plan aid to, 233, 265, 295, 496, 555; and NATO, 265; reaction to American literature in, 297-301; Soviet military buildup in, 528; Soviet sphere of domination, 210-11; Yalta discussions on, 206-7, 211
World War II in, 159-64, 166-70, 177, 180, 182, 196, 199-201, 206, 211, 223-4; cross-Channel attack, 177-8, 180-1, 196-201, 207
see also Eastern Europe; Western Europe
European Economic Community, 538
Evans, M. Stanton, 626
executive branch (federal), 114-15, 647-8
FDR’s reorganization bill, 105-6, 115, 131
executive privilege, doctrine of, 505-6
existentialism, 394
Ezekiel, Mordecai, 102
Fairbank, John K., 469
Fair Deal, 236, 239, 320, 359, 461, 629, 639, 652
fair employment, 1948 and 1952
Fair Employment Practices Committee, 321
Family Assistance Plan (FAP), 567
Fanon, Frantz, 388
Faraday, Michael, 269, 542, 547
Farley, James, 4, 11, 14, 15, 23, 80, 82, 102, 110-11, 117, 164, 243
Farmer, James, 356, 361-3, 371
Farmer-Labor party, 68
Farmers’ Alliance, 655
farming, farmers, 16, 49, 64-6, 81, 114, 122, 656
Depression effects on, 19
FDR’s goals for, 5, 16, 35, 64
foreclosures: 1930s, 19, 25; 1980s, 640
New Deal programs for, 25, 40-1, 64-6, 81, 107, 213
production increases, 268
as special interest group, 107
subsidies and price controls, 629; Eisenhower Administration, 285, 320; Fair Deal, 236; Nixon Administration, 466
technological advances in, 268
farm labor, 40, 54, 66, 81, 141, 268-9
Farm Security Administration, 104, 191
Farrell, James T., 144
fascism, 20, 54, 101, 137, 220, 279
FDR charged with, 43
Niebuhr and, 292-3
Faulkner, William, 297, 298-9, 593, 605, 615, 620
Fay, James H., 111
FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), 230, 361, 514, 546
in Watergate affair, 499-500, 501, 508
Federal Art Project (FAP), 134-5
balancing, 13, 79, 560; Carter’s problems, 559; FDR’s dilemma, 19, 21, 35, 64, 101, 103, 214-15, 374; Ford and, 558; Kennedy and, 374; Reagan and, 639, 640, 641; supply-side theory, 639
deficit, 102, 103, 130, 215, 333, 555, 562; Reagan years, 633, 640, 645 see also federal spending
Federal Employee Loyalty Program, 230
federal regulation, see government regulation
Federal Reserve Board, 75, 102, 555, 556, 562, 647
federal revenue sharing, 466-7, 556
federal spending, 466, 554-5, 558, 561-2
Keynesian arguments, 102, 103, 130, 215, 561-2
New Deal, 30, 64, 104, 107, 128, 214, 561
Reagan cuts, 639
special interest pressure for, 107, 641
Roosevelt cuts and recession, 101 see also defense spending; federal budget
Federal Theatre Project (FTP), 135-8
Federal Writers’ Project (FWP), 139-41
Federation of American Scientists, 549
Feminine Mystique, The (Friedan), 436
feminism, 436-60, 534-5, 618 (see also women’s liberation movement)
Feminist Anti-Censorship Taskforce (FACT), 535
feminist publications, 439, 447
Feminists (group), 444
Field, Marshall, III, 283
Fields, Gracie, 184
filibuster, 321, 322, 323, 360, 376-7, 647
film industry, 601-3, 604-8, 612, 620
Firestone, Shulamith, 443-5
Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, 515
First Amendment rights, 281, 395, 426, 534-5, 651, 654, 667
fiscal policy:
FDR’s lack of strategy, 130-1, 214-15
Nixon, 555
see also federal spending
Fish, Hamilton, 41, 165, 169, 190, 507
Fish, Hamilton, Jr., 507
FitzGerald, Frances, 406
Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 296, 298, 568, 605, 608
Fitzgerald, John “Honey Fitz,” 309-10
Flacks, Richard, 422
Flanagan, Hallie, 136-8
Fletcher, Rear Adm. Frank Jack, 179
Flink, James, 574
folk music, 428-9
Fonda, Jane, 499
food stamp program, 639
as President, 557-8, 560, 586, 625, 630, 637; foreign policy, 488-9, 523, 524; pardon of Nixon, 498, 522, 558
as presidential candidate, 613, 625, 637-8
Ford, Henry, 21, 32, 543, 573, 576, 578
Ford, Henry, II, 271, 573, 575, 576-7
Ford Foundation, 296
Ford Motor Company, 56, 99, 183, 187, 188, 485, 515, 572-3, 576-7
as leader in automation, 272, 273, 274
Foreign Affairs (journal), 229
foreign affairs and policy, 489-96, 535-40
bipartisanship in, 204, 235, 285-6, 493, 494, 497
Carter Administration, 522-9, 531, 644
containment, 239, 286-7, 290, 491, 496
economics, 555-6
Eisenhower Administration, 253-63, 285-7, 331, 340, 342, 490
Ford Administration, 488-9, 523, 524
human rights, 496, 538-40, 638
intellectual critics of cold war policies, 288-94
Johnson Administration, 391, 401-6, 410-13, 467, 491, 524 (see also Vietnam War)
Kennedy Administration, 328-9, 331-7, 339-44, 390, 491, 495-6, 524
massive retaliation policy, 254, 286
national interest and, 291-2
Nixon Administration, 417-20, 422-6, 467-88, 491, 492-4, 496, 524
power exercised in, 291-2, 496
Reagan Administration, 537, 538, 624-5
realist thinking in, 290-2, 293-4
Realpolitik, 159, 216, 217, 223, 465, 488
Roosevelt Administration, 35-7, 149-57, 158-74, 205-12, 234, 290, 328 (see also World War II)
sphere-of-interest, balance-of-power policy, 232, 234, 239-40
triangular diplomacy, 469, 474-6, 488, 496, 527
Truman Administration, 229-30, 232-5, 239-43, 285-6, 289, 290, 340, 342, 402, 468, 490
see also arms control; cold war; détente; internationalism; interventionism; isolationism; summit meetings; unilateralism
foreign trade, 35-6, 264, 555-6
deficit, 557
Forman, James, 371, 379, 384, 386
Forrestal, James, 229
Forsythe, David, 540
Fortune magazine, 55, 98, 108, 273, 276, 280, 563
Foster, William Z, 18
Four Freedoms, 203, 266, 276, 281, 666, 672
four-party politics, 119, 126, 236, 491
Fourteenth Amendment, 321, 438, 653
Fourth Amendment, 653
Fox, Richard W., 293
Frady, Marshall, 415
Allied D-Day invasion, 199-201; deliberations on, 177-8, 180-1, 196-9, 207
American writers celebrated in, 297-8
appeasement of Hitler by, 157-8
in Indochina, 171, 178, 208, 255, 341-2
nuclear weapons of, 257
in Suez crisis, 257
in World War II, 159, 162-3; Vichy government, 171, 181
Franco, Francisco, 149, 156, 181
Frank, Anne, diary of, 619
Frank, Jerome, 66
Frankel, Charles, 666
Frankel, Max, 497
Frankenthaler, Helen, 621
Frankfurter, Felix, 13, 28-9, 45, 73, 74, 77, 95, 112, 231, 321, 667
Franklin, Benjamin, 593
Frazier, E. Franklin, 355
“freed intelligence,” 124
freedom, 266-7, 275-81, 337-8, 532, 538-40, 598, 665-7, 679
American literary treatment of, 299-301
Bill of Rights, 281, 296, 375, 667
civil-political vs. economic-social, 124, 303, 538-40, 666
Declaration of the United Nations, 178
definition, problems of, 121, 124, 276, 281, 539-40, 665-6, 672
economic intervention and, 42, 560
FDR’s achievements for, 131, 202-3, 213, 216, 218, 666; Four Freedoms, 203, 266, 276, 281, 666, 672
Hitler’s perversion of, 202, 666
as ideology, 276-8
Kennedy’s concept and inaugural words, 326-7, 335, 370, 375
Lippmann’s concept of, 289-90
meaning for blacks, 371-2, 375, 401
middle classes and, 278-9
PEN Congress debate on, 617-20
technology of, 266-75
Third World demands for, 305-6, 337-44, 404, 407, 539
Western tradition and sources, 539-40
Freedom Democratic Party, Mississippi, 380-2
“Freedom Summer,” 380, 384, 395
Freeman, Orville, 325
see also laissez-faire
Free Speech Movement (FSM), 395-6, 397
Frey, John, 55
Friedan, Betty, 436-8, 439-41, 450, 454-5, 618
Frost, Robert, 297, 299-300, 593, 615, 674
Fulbright. J. William, 291
fundamentalism, 448, 458, 534, 627-8
Gaddis, John Lewis, 496
Gagarin, Yuri A., 580, 581, 584
Gagey, Edmond, 137
Gaither, H. Rowan, Jr., 259
Galbraith, John Kenneth, 287, 340, 343, 510, 562-3, 573
Galenson, Walter, 98
Gandhi, Mohandas, 338, 339, 348, 352, 357, 364, 409, 421, 461, 546
Gannett, Frank, 105
Gans, Herbert, 622
GAP Communications, 613
Garfield, James R., 122
Garner, John, 11, 14, 22, 37, 93, 96, 110, 126, 159, 164
Garthoff, Raymond, 487
Garvey, Marcus, 385
gays, see homosexuals; lesbians
Gemini, Project, 582
General Electric Company, 268, 607
General Motors Corporation, 42, 43, 56, 98, 557, 572, 575-6
strikes: 1937, 98-9; 1970, 573
General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (Keynes), 130
genetic experimentation, 552
Geneva Accords on Vietnam (1954), 342, 405
Geneva summit meeting (1955), 257
George, Walter, 110-11, 116, 118, 119, 126, 285, 319
George VI, King, 199
Gephardt, Richard, 641
Nazi regime, 20, 149-51, 166, 207; acts of aggression, 149, 157-8, 159; Axis member, 157, 159, 167, 173, 176; Holocaust, 218-19, 267; pact with Soviet Union, 151, 159, 197; in World War II, 159, 161-4, 166, 168, 175-6, 177-8, 180-1, 197, 200, 206, 211, 223-4
postwar, 224, 240; reunification issue, 256, 332 (see also West Germany)
Gibbs, Josiah Willard, 269, 270, 542
Gide, André, 298
Gilford, Walter, 71
Gilder, George F., 627
Ginzburg, Aleksandr, 523
Giraud, Henri, 195
Girdler, Thomas, 100
Glass, Carter, 24, 30, 75, 110, 118
Goebbels, Joseph, 224
Golan Heights, 486-7
Gold Clause cases, Supreme Court, 72, 89
Golden, Harry, 353
gold policy:
Nixon, 555-6
Goldwater, Barry, 378, 381, 382, 390, 404, 491, 508, 566, 625-6, 637, 638, 656
Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 258
Goodman, Paul, 394
Good Neighbor Policy, 328, 524
Gordimer, Nadine, 620
Gordon, Kermit, 561
Göring, Hermann, 150
Gorky, Arshile, 621
government:
American system: conditions of, 115, 120, 125-6, 129, 491, 632, 645-8, 655, 663; democratization of progressive era, 646-7; reform proposals, 648-50 (see also party system)
federal: centralization of, 16, 29-30, 42, 74, 646; centralization vs. decentralization debate, under FDR, 28-9, 66, 74, 77, 122; invigorated by FDR, 213; prolabor, divergence from Marxist model, 48; reorganization bill (1937), 105-6, 115, 131
Lippmann’s concept of, 289-90
press as fourth branch of, 283
government planning, see economic
planning; planning, comprehensive government regulation, 466, 560
Reagan reversal, 639
Graham, Billy, 465
Graham, Martha, 593
Graham, Otis, 122
Grahn, Judy, 451
grain deals, US-USSR, 476, 478, 644
Grass, Günter, 618-19
Graubard, Stephen, 553
appeasement of Hitler by, 157-8
nuclear weapons of, 257
in Suez crisis, 257
in World War II, 159, 161-4, 175-6, 177-8, 180-1, 196-7, 199-200, 211, 222, 223-4; Battle of Britain, 164, 167; US aid, 161, 162, 164, 166-70
“Great Marianas Turkey Shoot,” 201
Great Society, 390, 401, 516, 629, 630, 639
Greece, 149, 169, 211, 229, 232-3, 239, 265
Green, Theodore, 48
Greenberg, Daniel, 549-50
Greenfield, Jeff, 428
Greenstein, Fred I., 255
Griffin, Susan, 449
Griffith, D. W., 602
Grissom, Gus, 580
Gromyko, Andrei, 206, 211, 477, 486, 491
Gross, Chaim, 135
gross national product (GNP): US, 1950s, 264
Western vs. communist bloc vs. Third World nations, 304
Group, the (experimental theater), 145-6
Grove Press, 447
Guadalcanal, battle of, 179
Guantánamo Naval Base, 330, 337
Guevara, Ché, 336
Guffey Bituminous Coal Act, 72, 90
Gumbleton, Bishop Thomas J., 537
Haber, Al, 392
Hagler, “Marvelous Marvin,” 609
Hague, Frank, 16
Haig, Alexander, 480, 482, 638, 645
Haight-Ashbury culture, 430
Haile Selassie, emperor of Ethiopia, 79, 137
Haiti, 329-30
Haldeman, H. R. “Bob,” 418, 473, 479, 503-4, 505, 513, 554, 557
Hall, Gus, 243
Hamer, Fannie Lou, 379-82
Hamilton, Alexander, 507, 646, 648
Hand, Learned, 667
Hansen, Alvin, 561
Harding, Warren G., 466, 505, 636
Hargrove, Erwin C, 531
Harlem, New York City, 385
Harriman, W. Averell, 103, 206, 285, 287-8, 343
Harris, David, 426
Hart, Gary, 658
Harvard Educational Review, 596-7
Harvard University, 271, 519, 532, 538
Havens, Richie, 427
Hawks, Howard, 605
Hawley, Ellis, 214
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 299, 674
Hayden, Casey, 442
Hayden, Tom, 392
Hayek, Friedrich August von, 560, 627
Healey, Dorothy, 603
health programs, 112, 389, 466, 559, 639
Hearst, William Randolph, 10, 11, 31, 35, 82, 154, 282
Hearst newspapers, 10, 31, 41, 46, 82, 105, 123, 205, 243, 282, 606
Hechinger, Fred, 597
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 281, 461
Height, Dorothy, 371
Heisenberg, Werner, 269
Hemingway, Ernest, 297, 298-9, 593, 605, 615, 620
Henderson, Leon, 102
Hendrix, Jimi, 427
Henry, Patrick, 634
Herring, George, 406
Hicks, Granville, 300
High, Stanley, 68
Hillman, Sidney, 46, 55-6, 84, 107, 204, 287
hippie culture of 1960s, 394, 426-32
Hiss, Alger, 231-2, 244, 252, 426, 468, 625
Hitler, Adolf, 7, 20, 63, 105, 149-52, 221, 222, 260, 545
acts of aggression, 149, 157-8, 159
perversion of meaning of freedom, 202, 666
Roosevelt and, 149-52, 173, 176, 202, 210
and war declaration on US, 172, 175-6
in World War II, 161-2, 164, 166-7, 169-72, 175-6, 180-1, 200
Hobbes, Thomas, 600
Ho Chi Minh, 341, 402, 406, 418
Hoffman, Abbie, 432
Hofstadter, Richard, 44, 288, 626
Hollywood, 194, 601-3, 604-8, 620
alleged communism in, 231
Khrushchev’s visit to, 260, 301
Hollywood Production Code, 606
Hollywood Ten, 231
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr., 112, 216, 231
home foreclosures, Depression years, 26, 41
homelessness, Reagan years, 540
Hoover, Herbert, 22, 58, 62, 123, 600, 625
as enlightened conservative, 668
1932 presidential candidate, 3, 14, 15, 16, 17-18, 55, 521
as President, 20-1, 35, 101, 170, 253; and Latin America, 328, 329; and Supreme Court, 71, 93
Hoover Administration, 25, 40, 45-6
Hopkins, Harry, 34, 102, 112, 114, 163, 168, 174-5, 196, 206, 223, 566, 570
as WPA director, 76; cultural projects, 133, 134, 136, 140
Hopkins, Jerry, 430
Home, Lena, 369
Horner, Henry, 249
hostage crisis of 1979-80, 530, 531, 638
House Committee on Un-American Activities, 112, 132, 230-2, 395, 546
Houseman, John, 136
House of Representatives, US, 647-8, 655
arts bills of 1938-39, killed by, 132
and civil rights measures, 321, 375-6
Democratic majorities in, 37, 87, 111, 238, 245, 390, 479, 555, 558, 639
four-year term proposal, 650
1937 reorganization bill killed, 106, 107
Reagan coalition majorities in, 639-40
Republican gains in, 1938, 111; 1942, 191
Republican majorities in: 1947-48, 230; 1953-54; 253, 285
House Judiciary Committee, 498, 506-7
House Rules Committee, 106, 111, 321, 375-6
House Un-American Activities Committee, see House Committee on Un-American Activities
House Ways and Means Committee, 192
housing problems, 540, 570, 633
housing programs:
Eisenhower Administration, 285, 320
Fair Deal, 236
Great Society (LBJ), 389
Reagan cuts, 639
Howe, Louis, 3-4, 11, 13, 14, 15, 18, 64
Howells, William Dean, 299
HUAC, see House Committee on Un-American Activities
Hubble Space Telescope, 587
Hughes, Charles Evans, 22, 71, 72, 88, 89, 90, 92, 119, 593
and Court-packing plan, 93, 94-5
Hughes, Howard, 504
Hughes, Robert, 622
Hull, Cordell, 13, 17, 23, 35-6, 151, 154, 158-9, 163, 164, 166, 203, 219, 328
UN Declaration of, 523, 538-40
US policy, 538-40; Carter, 522-4, 526, 528, 539; Reagan, 540, 638
Humphrey, Hubert, 237, 259, 325, 381, 412
as presidential candidate: in 1960, 324; in 1968, 415-16, 417, 461, 555
as Vice President, 389
Hungary, 158
1956 revolt in, 258, 286, 288, 527
Hunt-Perry, Patricia, 537
Hurd, Peter, 135
Huston Plan, 499
Hutcheson, William “Big Bill,” 55, 56
Hutchins, Robert, 594
hydrogen bomb, 240, 256-7, 287, 391, 546, 549
Soviets in possession of, 256
Ickes, Harold, 23, 29, 34, 37, 71, 73, 93, 102, 113, 114, 118, 133, 165, 216, 593
opposes internment of Japanese, 190
“soft on communism” charges against, 112
as unilateralist, 154
immigration laws, 389
impeachment, 506-7, 511, 648, 650
imperialism, 208, 218, 338, 419, 444, 470
economic and cultural, 295-6
“imperial presidency,” 510, 511, 646
income:
family: black vs. white, 314, 571; 1950-60s vs. 1970-80s increase, 660; rich vs. poor, 669; wartime increase, 184
per capita, 266
see also wages
income tax, 76, 191, 554-5, 639
India, 176, 208, 218, 338-9, 348, 472
Eleanor Roosevelt’s visit to, 339
Jacqueline Kennedy’s visit to, 340-1
Kennedy policy toward, 339-41
living conditions, 303, 305, 339
question of independence for, 178, 208, 338, 341
individualism, individual rights, 16, 42, 121, 123, 124, 213, 267, 275, 280-1, 296, 338, 539, 598-601, 672
equality as competing value, 631
of New Left, 393
vs. other-directedness and conformity, 279-80
and self-indulgence, 600-1
see also liberty, individual
Individualism Reconsidered (Riesman), 280
French colonialism in, 178, 208, 255, 341-2
Geneva Accords of 1954, 342, 405
US involvement: Eisenhower and, 255, 342; under Johnson, 401-2; Kennedy
and, 342-4 (see also Vietnam War)
industrial revolution, 57, 273, 274, 279
automation in, 272-3, 274, 279, 543
“human engineering” and “human relations” in, 271
New Deal revival of, 30-1
production, 266; mid-1930s, 101;
postwar, 264; wartime, 182-4, 186, 199
inflation:
1970s, 531, 554-62 passim, 591
postwar, 230,
World War II, 187
information revolution, 550-1, 552
initiative, referendum, recall, 647
Institute for Advanced Study, 296, 545
intellectualism, intellectuals, 15, 276-81, 298, 546-8
critique of cold war policies by, 288-94
left wing, 394, 409, 462, 565, 625, 629-32
of 1960s movements, 394, 401, 409, 459-60, 461-2
right wing, 625-8
“New York,” 616-17
intellectual leadership, 671-2
gap, 35, 129-30, 214-16, 344, 667, 671
Tocquevillian void in, 125, 214, 294, 518-19, 548, 593, 595, 665, 667-8, 671
Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (1947), 265
interest rates, 1970-80s, 531, 555, 562, 638
Interim Agreement, US-USSR, 478
internationalism, 36, 152-5, 165, 208
International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union (ILGWU), 46, 55, 138
International Longshoremen’s Association (ILA), 46-7
International Monetary and Economic Conference (London, 1933), 35-6
International Union of Electrical Workers, 273
International Women’s Year Commission, 452
interstate highway system, 285, 573-4
interventionism, interventionists, 497
1930s and World War II, 154, 155, 157, 165, 167, 169
in Latin America, 328, 330-2, 490, 524
investment tax credit, 556
Iowa, U.S.S., 198
US relations with, 255, 643; hostage crisis, 530, 531, 638; secret dealings of Reagan White House, 495, 633
Iran-Contra affair, 633, 644, 645, 647, 651, 655
Irish immigrants, 305, 306-9, 313, 387
“iron curtain,” 228
IRS (Internal Revenue Service), 499
isolationism, isolationists, 219
prewar, 36, 151, 153-7, 158, 160, 161, 163, 165, 167; and Lend-Lease, 169
Israel, 546
Camp David accord, 525-6
Six-Day War, 486
in Suez crisis, 257
Italian-Americans, 387
fascist, 20, 149; as Axis member, 157, 159, 176; invasion of Albania, 149, 158; invasion of Ethiopia, 79, 156; in World War II, 163, 177, 196, 197-8, 211, 217
Jackson, Andrew, 88, 90, 218, 648, 679
Jackson, George, 520
Jackson, Henry M., 521
Jackson, Jimmie Lee, 382-3
Jackson State College, 425
Jagger, Mick, 430
James, Henry, 620
James, William, 125, 217, 292, 671
Janowitz, Morris, 612
Japan, 341
as Axis member, 157, 159, 167-8, 173, 176
invasion of China, 157-8, 170-1, 173, 470
economic competition, 556, 578, 633; US defense partner, 265
prewar US relations with, 170-1, 172-4
views of the US in, 337-8
in World War II, 173-80, 201-2, 207-8, 210, 211, 224; capitulation, 225, 226
Japanese-Americans, wartime “relocation” of, 189-90, 218
Jaworski, Leon, 505
Jefferson, Thomas, 88, 137, 142, 213, 218, 337, 341, 549, 634, 648
Jefferson Airplane (rock group), 427, 430, 431
Jeffersonians, 11, 13, 23, 42, 116, 679
Jennings, Peter, 613
Nazi persecution of, 218-19
New York intellectuals, 616-17
in Soviet Union, 488
Job Corps, 390
job discrimination, see employment: discrimination in
job programs, 556
New Deal, 25, 27, 34, 76, 81, 104
War on Poverty, 566
John XXIII, Pope, 536
Johnson, Andrew, 506
Johnson, Hiram, 14, 16, 24, 36, 73, 94, 151
Johnson, Gen. Hugh, 13, 32-3, 55, 77, 114
Johnson, Lyndon B., 306, 317-20, 584
background and education of, 317-18, 323
and civil rights issue, 322-3, 324, 375, 377-8, 381-2, 383-4, 657
as Congressman, 110-11, 318-19, 323
exposure to poverty, 317-18, 323
as a politician, 318-20
populist compassion of, 319
as President, 375-8, 382, 409, 496, 499, 549, 561, 651, 656-7; domestic program of, 375, 377-8, 383-4, 389-90, 439, 461; foreign policy, 467, 524; tax policy, 554-5; and Vietnam War, 391, 401-7, 410-13, 417-19, 491, 593; War on Poverty, 516, 566-7, 568, 570-1
as presidential candidate: in 1960, 323-5; in 1964, 381-2, 637
and Robert Kennedy, 325, 402, 413
as Senator, 319-20; Majority Leader, 313, 320, 322-3, 578-9
vice-presidential candidacy of, 325, 360, 373
Johnson, Rebekah Baines, 317
Johnson, Sam Ealy, 317
Johnston, Eric, 267
Jong, Erica, 618
Jordan, Barbara, 507
Jordan, Hamilton, 530
see also newspapers
Journal of Philosophy, The, 121
judiciary, 116, 646, 651-2, 667
see also Supreme Court, US Justice Department, and Watergate, 500, 505
juvenile delinquency, 569